Preparation process of anti-skid marble tile

Abstract

The invention discloses an antiskid marble tile and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of tile production. The ceramic tile comprises a green body, a glaze layer and a nano anti-skid layer. The preparation process comprises the following steps: molding a green body, primarily firing, printing textures, applying ground glaze, firing, printing to form cover glaze with raised anti-slip textures, firing, spraying anti-slip unfired glaze liquid, baking and curing at low temperature, and finally polishing to enable the nano anti-slip layer and the cover glaze to form a complete plane. The anti-slip unfired glaze liquid is prepared from high-transparency water-based resin, nano silicon dioxide transparent dispersion slurry, a silane coupling agent, a functional additive composite bag and the balance of deionized water. The invention further provides a special anti-slip unfired glaze spraying device. Through a composite structure of three-dimensional overglaze bearing and nano-glaze filling and polishing, the ceramic tile is endowed with lasting and efficient anti-skid, wear-resistant and easy-to-clean performance while the complete decoration effect of the ceramic tile is reserved, and the process is energy-saving and easy to industrialize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic tile production technology, specifically a preparation process for anti-slip marble ceramic tiles. Background Technology

[0002] Marble ceramic tiles, with their superior decorative properties, excellent physical and chemical properties, and cost advantage over natural stone, have become one of the mainstream materials in modern architectural decoration, widely used for floors and walls in residential, commercial, and public spaces. However, their smooth and dense glaze causes a sharp drop in the coefficient of friction when exposed to water, oil, or other liquids, posing a significant slip hazard. This problem is particularly prominent in damp or easily soiled areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, poolside areas, commercial corridors, and outdoor platforms, severely restricting the application and promotion of this type of high-end decorative material in areas with higher safety requirements.

[0003] To improve the anti-slip performance of ceramic tiles, the industry has developed a variety of technical approaches, but all of them have insurmountable limitations and cannot provide durable, reliable and easy-to-clean anti-slip functions while retaining the high decorative value of marble tiles.

[0004] To improve slip resistance, the industry typically employs techniques such as surface mechanical roughening, adding hard particles to the glaze, or applying organic anti-slip coatings. While surface mechanical treatment directly increases friction, it compromises the smoothness and texture of the glaze, leading to dirt accumulation in grooves, difficulty in cleaning, and often causing the surface to lose its gloss, thus diminishing its decorative value. Adding hard particles such as silicon carbide and alumina to the glaze results in uneven particle dispersion, affecting the glaze's feel and smoothness. Furthermore, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between these particles and the glaze layer can easily induce micro-cracks, affecting long-term durability and potentially blurring the underlying pattern. While organic resin-based anti-slip coatings are easy to apply, they generally suffer from weak adhesion, susceptibility to aging and yellowing, and poor wear resistance. Moreover, most coatings are opaque, obscuring the intricate underglaze textures, and their durability is insufficient for long-term use. In addition, existing anti-slip processes mostly rely on high-temperature firing stages, which often require repeated glazing and firing, resulting in high energy consumption, complex processes, and extended cycles. Furthermore, they are extremely sensitive to process control, posing challenges to product consistency and cost control.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies have consistently struggled to simultaneously preserve the high decorative appeal of marble tiles while providing them with durable, reliable, and easy-to-clean anti-slip properties, and achieving stable, efficient, and low-consumption production. This invention aims to address these systemic shortcomings by proposing an innovative solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a non-slip marble tile and its preparation process to solve the problems of difficulty in balancing decoration and functionality, lack of long-lasting anti-slip performance, and complex production process in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a manufacturing process for anti-slip marble ceramic tiles, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1, Body Forming and Initial Firing: Mix the raw materials for the body and wet ball mill them into a slurry with a water content of 35-40%. After spray granulation, pressing and molding, and drying, fire at 1180-1220℃ to obtain the fired brick body. Step 2, Printing and Firing of Base Glaze: Marble texture is printed on the surface of the fired brick blank, and after applying a transparent base glaze, it is fired at 1150-1180℃ to form a base glaze layer; Step 3: Printing and firing the surface glaze: Print a transparent surface glaze on the base glaze layer to form a textured surface with a hollow structure and raised anti-slip texture. After printing, fire it at a temperature of 1120-1160℃ to form a patterned surface glaze with a hollow structure and raised lines that has an anti-slip texture. Step 4: Spray anti-slip, no-fire glaze and bake to cure: Use an anti-slip, no-fire glaze spraying device to evenly spray the anti-slip, no-fire glaze onto the brick surface, allowing the anti-slip, no-fire glaze to fully fill the hollow pattern of the patterned glaze. Then bake at 120-180℃ to cross-link and cure the anti-slip, no-fire glaze to form a nano anti-slip layer. Step 5, Surface Polishing: Lightly polish the baked and cured tile surface to remove the nano anti-slip layer on the surface until the surface glaze is exposed. At this point, the nano anti-slip layer fills the patterned surface glaze and forms a complete plane with the patterned surface glaze, thus obtaining anti-slip marble tiles.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the anti-slip marble ceramic tile has a multi-layer structure, including a body, a glaze layer on the body, and a nano anti-slip layer on the glaze layer; the body is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts clay, 20-30 parts quartz, 10-20 parts feldspar, 10-15 parts kaolin, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, and 0.5-1.5 parts binder; The nano-anti-slip layer is formed by spraying and baking an anti-slip, non-fired glaze liquid. The anti-slip, non-fired glaze liquid comprises, by weight: 55-62 parts of highly transparent water-based resin; 10-15 parts of nano-silica transparent dispersion; 0.3-0.6 parts of silane coupling agent; 1.5-3 parts of a highly transparent functional additive composite package; and the balance being high-purity deionized water. The highly transparent water-based resin is UV acrylate or water-based PUD; the nano-silica transparent dispersion... The slurry has a solid content of 30%; the silane coupling agent is γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) or γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570); the high-transparency functional additive composite package contains dispersant, leveling agent, defoamer and antifouling agent, and the mass ratio of dispersant, leveling agent, defoamer and antifouling agent is 3.5:2.5:2:2; the obtained anti-slip non-fired glaze liquid is adjusted to pH value to 8-9 using ammonia water.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the dispersant is any one of sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium polyacrylate; the binder is any one of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol; and the pH value of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze is adjusted using ammonia, ethanolamine, or triethanolamine.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the spraying of anti-slip, non-fired glaze in step four is achieved using an anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device. The anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device includes a reaction chamber, with a first conveyor belt and a second conveyor belt respectively arranged on both sides of the reaction chamber. Connection ports are symmetrically opened on both sides of the reaction chamber. A conveyor roller is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction chamber. A synchronous pulley is fixedly connected to one end of the conveyor roller. A synchronous belt is connected between two adjacent synchronous pulleys. A mounting frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber. A third motor is installed on the outer wall of the mounting frame. One of the synchronous pulleys is connected to the output end of the third motor. The glaze is sprayed onto the brick blank through the glazing mechanism.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the glazing mechanism includes a feed pipe, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber and extends into the inner cavity of the reaction chamber. One end of the feed pipe is fixedly connected to a connecting seat, and one end of the connecting seat is fixedly connected to a pipeline. A spray nozzle is installed at the bottom end of the pipeline. A glaze recovery tank is provided at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the reaction chamber. A baffle is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting port. A spur gear is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle. A horizontal plate is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the reaction chamber, and a first electric... The machine has a first threaded rod connected to the output end of the first motor. A displacement frame is slidably connected to the outer wall of the first threaded rod. The displacement frame is slidably connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber and contacts the spur gear. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction chamber. A scraper is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod. The scraper is located above the conveying roller. A rotating disk is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod. A positioning groove is opened on the outer wall of the rotating disk. A positioning frame is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the displacement frame. The nozzle is automatically cleaned by a cleaning mechanism.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the cleaning mechanism includes a mounting base, which is fixedly connected to one end of the reaction chamber. A second motor is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting base, and a second threaded rod is connected to the output end of the second motor. A movable plate is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second threaded rod. A collection trough is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate, and the collection trough extends to the inner wall of the reaction chamber. A push plate is fixedly connected to the top of the collection trough, and a drain pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the collection trough. A water inlet pipe is slidably connected to the top of the reaction chamber, and the bottom of the water inlet pipe extends to the inner cavity of the connecting base. The inner cavity of the connecting base has a sliding groove for the bottom of the water inlet pipe to slide. A C-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe, and the C-shaped frame extends into the interior of the reaction chamber. A toothed column is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the C-shaped frame inside the reaction chamber. An L-shaped frame is slidably connected to the outer wall of the toothed column inside the reaction chamber, and the L-shaped frame extends out of the reaction chamber. A spring connects the L-shaped frame to the reaction chamber.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the top end of the displacement frame is provided with a first threaded hole, which matches the first threaded rod.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the displacement frame has symmetrical first toothed grooves on both sides, and the first toothed grooves mesh with the spur gear.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: one end of the outer wall of the positioning frame is in contact with the inner wall of the positioning groove, and multiple positioning grooves are provided and are circumferentially distributed on the outer wall of the rotating disk.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the outer wall of the movable plate is provided with a second threaded hole, which matches the second threaded rod.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the outer walls of both the C-shaped frame and the L-shaped frame are provided with second tooth grooves, and the outer wall of the toothed column is provided with gear teeth, which mesh with the second tooth grooves.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the bottom outer wall of the water inlet pipe is in contact with the inner wall of the chute.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Chemical Process: Structural Innovation Achieves Functional Breakthrough. The core lies in the unique structural design of "three-dimensional glaze support and nano-glaze filling and polishing." The anti-slip, no-fired glaze is precisely filled into the grooves of the pre-made raised-pattern glaze. After curing and thin polishing, the nano-anti-slip layer and the glaze texture form a complete plane. This design solves three major industry pain points: a smooth and aesthetically pleasing surface that fully preserves the marble texture; the embedded nano-anti-slip layer provides durable and efficient anti-slip properties and is not easily worn; and the smooth surface, combined with fluorocarbon additives, achieves excellent stain resistance and easy cleaning performance. Furthermore, the anti-slip layer is applied using a low-temperature curing method after high-temperature firing, significantly reducing energy consumption and ensuring good compatibility with existing production lines.

[0020] 2. Specialized Equipment: Engineering Guarantees High-Efficiency Production. The accompanying spraying system ensures the precise implementation of this structure. Its precise spraying and scraping system allows the glaze to evenly fill complex textures and recovers excess material, guaranteeing both filling effect and cost control. An integrated self-cleaning mechanism automatically flushes the pipelines to prevent blockages, and wastewater is discharged independently to avoid contaminating the recycled glaze, ensuring continuous production, stability, and product consistency.

[0021] 3. Overall Advantages: Systemic Solutions Create Multidimensional Value. This invention is a systematic solution that deeply integrates material structure and production equipment. It not only creates high-end products with a high degree of unity in aesthetics, safety, durability, and ease of cleaning, but also provides a reliable path to increase added value and achieve green and efficient production through low-temperature post-processing and automated precision manufacturing, possessing outstanding technological advancement and industrialization value. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reaction chamber of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the conveyor rollers in the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the displacement frame of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement frame of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the collection tank of the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device of the present invention; Figure 7 The present invention relates to an anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device. Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the connector of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Reaction chamber; 2. First conveyor belt; 3. Second conveyor belt; 4. Connecting port; 5. Conveyor roller; 6. Synchronous pulley; 7. Synchronous belt; 8. Glazing mechanism; 801. Feed pipe; 802. Connecting seat; 803. Pipeline; 804. Spray nozzle; 805. Glaze recovery tank; 806. Baffle; 807. Spur gear; 808. Displacement frame; 809. First threaded rod; 810. First motor; 811. Horizontal plate; 812. Scraper; 813. 3. Rotating rod; 814. Rotating disk; 815. Positioning groove; 816. Positioning frame; 9. Cleaning mechanism; 901. Mounting base; 902. Second motor; 903. Second threaded rod; 904. Movable plate; 905. Collection trough; 906. Drain pipe; 907. Push plate; 908. Water inlet pipe; 909. C-shaped frame; 910. Tooth column; 911. L-shaped frame; 912. Spring; 913. Slide groove; 10. Mounting frame; 11. Third motor. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes embodiments of the invention based on its overall structure.

[0026] Example 1: A preparation process for anti-slip marble ceramic tiles, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Forming and Initial Firing of Bricks: Weigh out 40 parts clay, 20 parts quartz, 10 parts feldspar, 10 parts kaolin, 0.5 parts sodium silicate, and 0.5 parts carboxymethyl cellulose by weight, and put them into a ball mill for wet ball milling to prepare a slurry with a water content of 35%. The slurry is then dried into granular powder in a spray drying tower, and then pressed into brick blanks by a fully automatic hydraulic press at 30 MPa. The brick blanks are sent to a double-layer drying kiln and dried at 100℃ for 30 minutes. Then they are sent to a roller kiln for initial firing at 1180℃ for 60 minutes to obtain fired brick blanks. Step 2, Printing and Firing of Base Glaze: Use an inkjet printer to print marble texture patterns on the surface of the fired brick blanks. Then, use a glazing machine to evenly apply a transparent base glaze, with the amount of glaze controlled at 140g / 40×80cm iron pan. The brick blanks with the base glaze applied are sent into a roller kiln for a second firing at a firing temperature of 1150℃ for 40 minutes to form a stable base glaze layer. Step 3: Printing and firing the surface glaze: Apply the surface glaze onto the base glaze layer using a printing press. The amount of glaze applied is controlled at 75g / 40×80cm iron pan. The viscosity of the silicate base glaze is controlled to 40 seconds using a Ford cup. Subsequently, the brick blank is sent into a roller kiln for a third firing at a temperature of 1120℃ for 35 minutes, forming a patterned surface glaze with a hollow structure, raised lines, and anti-slip texture. Step 4: Spraying and Curing the Anti-slip No-fired Glaze: Prepare the anti-slip no-fired glaze, which includes, by weight: 55.0 parts of high-transparency water-based resin (UV acrylate); 10.0 parts of nano-silica transparent dispersion (30% solid content), (equivalent to 3.0 parts of nano-SiO2 dry basis); 0.3 parts of silane coupling agent (KH-570); 1.5 parts of high-transparency functional additive composite package; and 33.2 parts of high-purity deionized water. Use an anti-slip no-fired glaze spraying device to evenly spray the anti-slip no-fired glaze onto the tile surface, ensuring that the glaze fully fills the hollowed-out pattern of the glaze. The spraying volume should be controlled at 80ml / ㎡. Place the sprayed tiles into a low-temperature baking tunnel and bake at 120℃ for 20 minutes to allow the anti-slip no-fired glaze to cross-link and cure, forming a transparent, wear-resistant, and anti-slip surface coating. Step 5, Surface Polishing: The cured tiles are sent to the polishing production line and the surface is finished by a light polishing process. The grinding head is configured with 1000 grit and only light polishing is performed to remove the nano anti-slip layer on the surface until the surface glaze is exposed. At this time, the nano anti-slip layer is filled in the patterned surface glaze and the nano anti-slip layer and the patterned surface glaze form a complete plane, which is the anti-slip marble tile, denoted as sample FS-1.

[0027] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 1 to 3 In step four, the spraying of anti-slip, non-fired glaze liquid is achieved using an anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device. The anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device includes a reaction chamber 1, with a first conveyor belt 2 and a second conveyor belt 3 respectively installed on both sides of the reaction chamber 1. Connection ports 4 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the reaction chamber 1. A conveyor roller 5 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction chamber 1. A synchronous wheel 6 is fixedly connected to one end of the conveyor roller 5. A synchronous belt 7 is connected between two adjacent synchronous wheels 6. A mounting frame 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber 1. A third motor 11 is installed on the outer wall of the mounting frame 10. A synchronous wheel 6 is connected to the output end of the third motor 11. The glaze is sprayed onto the brick blank through the glazing mechanism 8.

[0028] In this embodiment: the brick blank enters and moves out of the reaction chamber 1 through the connection port 4. The first conveyor belt 2 transports the brick blank into the reaction chamber 1. The glazed brick blank moves away through the second conveyor belt 3. The third motor 11 is started. The third motor 11 drives a synchronous wheel 6 to rotate. The rotation of the synchronous wheel 6 drives the other synchronous wheels 6 to rotate synchronously through the synchronous belt 7. The rotation of the synchronous wheel 6 drives the conveyor roller 5 to rotate. The rotation of the conveyor roller 5 drives the brick blank to pass through the reaction chamber 1.

[0029] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 2 to 6The glazing mechanism 8 includes a feed pipe 801, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber 1 and extends into the inner cavity of the reaction chamber 1. One end of the feed pipe 801 is fixedly connected to a connecting seat 802, and one end of the connecting seat 802 is fixedly connected to a pipe 803. A spray nozzle 804 is installed at the bottom end of the pipe 803. A glaze recovery tank 805 is provided at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the reaction chamber 1. A baffle 806 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connection port 4. A spur gear 807 is fixedly connected to one end of the baffle 806. A horizontal plate 811 is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the reaction chamber 1. A first motor 810 is installed on the outer wall of the horizontal plate 811. The output end of 10 is connected to a first threaded rod 809. A displacement frame 808 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the first threaded rod 809. The displacement frame 808 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the reaction chamber 1 and is in contact with the spur gear 807. A rotating rod 813 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction chamber 1. A scraper 812 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 813. The scraper 812 is located above the conveying roller 5. A rotating disk 814 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 813. A positioning groove 815 is opened on the outer wall of the rotating disk 814. A positioning frame 816 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the displacement frame 808. The nozzle 804 is automatically cleaned by the cleaning mechanism 9.

[0030] In this embodiment: the glaze enters the pipeline 803 through the feed pipe 801, passes through the connecting seat 802, and is finally sprayed out through the nozzle 804. When the brick blank passes over the conveying roller 5, the glaze is sprayed onto the brick blank. When the brick blank passes over the scraper 812, the scraper 812 scrapes off the excess glaze on the brick blank. The excess and scraped glaze are collected in the glaze recycling tank 805, thereby realizing the recycling of glaze.

[0031] The first motor 810 is started, and the first motor 810 drives the first threaded rod 809 to rotate. The rotation of the first threaded rod 809 drives the displacement frame 808 to move. The displacement of the displacement frame 808 drives the spur gear 807 to rotate. The rotation of the spur gear 807 drives the baffle 806 to rotate. The rotation of the baffle 806 opens or closes the connection port 4, thereby achieving sealed spraying and reducing glaze splashing and pollution.

[0032] When adjusting the height of the scraper 812 according to the different thicknesses of the brick blanks, the rotating disk 814 is rotated. The rotation of the rotating disk 814 drives the rotating rod 813 to rotate, which in turn drives the scraper 812 to rotate, thus adjusting the scraping height. When the displacement frame 808 moves upward, causing the baffle 806 to rotate and close the connection port 4, the displacement frame 808 moves, causing the positioning frame 816 to move as well. The positioning frame 816 then inserts into the positioning groove 815, fixing the rotating disk 814 and preventing the scraper 812 from loosening during use. This design facilitates the collection of excess glaze, enabling glaze recycling; it also achieves a closed spray system, reducing glaze splashing and contamination, while allowing for adjustment of the scraper 812's height.

[0033] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 6 to 8 The cleaning mechanism 9 includes a mounting base 901, which is fixedly connected to one end of the reaction chamber 1. A second motor 902 is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting base 901. A second threaded rod 903 is connected to the output end of the second motor 902. A movable plate 904 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second threaded rod 903. A collection trough 905 is fixedly connected to the top of the movable plate 904. The collection trough 905 extends to the inner wall of the reaction chamber 1. A push plate 907 is fixedly connected to the top of the collection trough 905. A drain pipe 906 is fixedly connected to one end of the collection trough 905. The top of the reaction chamber 1 is slidably connected up and down. There is a water inlet pipe 908, the bottom of which extends into the inner cavity of the connecting seat 802. The inner cavity of the connecting seat 802 is provided with a sliding groove 913 for the bottom of the water inlet pipe 908 to slide. A C-shaped frame 909 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe 908. The C-shaped frame 909 extends into the interior of the reaction chamber 1. A toothed column 910 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the C-shaped frame 909 inside the reaction chamber 1. An L-shaped frame 911 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the toothed column 910 inside the reaction chamber 1. The L-shaped frame 911 extends out of the reaction chamber 1. A spring 912 connects the L-shaped frame 911 and the reaction chamber 1.

[0034] In this embodiment: The second motor 902 is started, and its operation drives the second threaded rod 903 to rotate. The rotation of the threaded rod 903 causes the movable plate 904 to shift, which in turn causes the collecting trough 905 and the push plate 907 to shift synchronously. The collecting trough 905 shifts to below the movable plate 904. This continues until the push plate 907 contacts the L-shaped frame 911, pushing the L-shaped frame 911 to shift, compressing the spring 912. The shift of the L-shaped frame 911 causes the toothed column 910 to rotate, which in turn causes the C-shaped frame 909 to shift. The shift of the C-shaped frame 909 causes the water inlet pipe 908 to... The water inlet pipe 908 is displaced downwards, causing it to move downwards along the slide groove 913 until its outer wall blocks the feed pipe 801. At the same time, the water inlet pipe 908 is connected to the pipeline 803, and clean water enters the pipeline 803 through the water inlet pipe 908 and is then sprayed out through the nozzle 804. The clean water rinses the pipeline 803 and the nozzle 804, spraying out any residual glaze. The sprayed liquid is collected through the collection tank 905 and discharged through the drain pipe 906. This design facilitates automatic cleaning of the nozzle 804 and the pipeline 803 when the machine is stopped, and collects the cleaning water to prevent wastewater from entering the glaze recovery structure.

[0035] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 2 to 6 The top of the displacement bracket 808 is provided with a first threaded hole, which matches the first threaded rod 809.

[0036] In this embodiment: the first motor 810 drives the first threaded rod 809 to rotate, and the rotation of the first threaded rod 809 drives the displacement frame 808 to move.

[0037] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 2 to 6 The displacement frame 808 has symmetrical first tooth grooves on both sides, which mesh with the spur gear 807.

[0038] In this embodiment: the displacement frame 808 drives the spur gear 807 to rotate, the rotation of the spur gear 807 drives the baffle 806 to rotate, and the rotation of the baffle 806 opens or closes the connection port 4.

[0039] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 2 to 6 One end of the outer wall of the positioning frame 816 is in contact with the inner wall of the positioning groove 815. The positioning groove 815 is provided in multiple ways and is equidistantly distributed on the outer wall of the rotating disk 814.

[0040] In this embodiment: when the displacement frame 808 moves upward and drives the baffle 806 to rotate and close the connection port 4, the displacement of the displacement frame 808 drives the positioning frame 816 to move, and the positioning frame 816 moves and inserts into the positioning groove 815 to fix the rotating disk 814.

[0041] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 6 to 8 The outer wall of the movable plate 904 is provided with a second threaded hole, which matches the second threaded rod 903.

[0042] In this embodiment: the second motor 902 drives the second threaded rod 903 to rotate, the rotation of the second threaded rod 903 drives the movable plate 904 to move, the movement of the movable plate 904 drives the collection groove 905 and the push plate 907 to move synchronously, and the collection groove 905 moves to below the movable plate 904.

[0043] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 6 to 8 The outer walls of both the C-shaped frame 909 and the L-shaped frame 911 are provided with second tooth grooves, and the outer wall of the toothed column 910 is provided with gear teeth that mesh with the second tooth grooves.

[0044] In this embodiment: the push plate 907 contacts the L-shaped frame 911, pushing the L-shaped frame 911 to move, which compresses the spring 912. The displacement of the L-shaped frame 911 causes the toothed column 910 to rotate. The rotation of the toothed column 910 causes the C-shaped frame 909 to move. The displacement of the C-shaped frame 909 causes the water inlet pipe 908 to move.

[0045] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 6 to 8 The bottom outer wall of the water inlet pipe 908 is in contact with the inner wall of the chute 913.

[0046] In this embodiment: the water inlet pipe 908 is displaced downward, so that the water inlet pipe 908 moves downward along the slide groove 913 until the outer wall of the water inlet pipe 908 blocks the feed pipe 801, and at the same time the water inlet pipe 908 is connected to the pipeline 803.

[0047] Example 2: A preparation process for anti-slip marble ceramic tiles, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Body Forming and Initial Firing: Weigh out 45 parts clay, 25 parts quartz, 15 parts feldspar, 12.5 parts kaolin, 1.0 part sodium hexametaphosphate, and 1.0 part hydroxypropyl methylcellulose by weight, and put them into a ball mill for wet ball milling to prepare a slurry with a water content of 37.5%. The slurry is then dried into granular powder in a spray drying tower, and then pressed into brick blanks by a fully automatic hydraulic press at 35 MPa. The brick blanks are sent to a double-layer drying kiln and dried at 110℃ for 25 minutes, and then sent to a roller kiln for initial firing at 1200℃ for 55 minutes to obtain fired brick blanks. Step 2, Printing and Firing of Base Glaze: Use an inkjet printer to print marble texture patterns on the surface of the fired brick blanks. Then, use a glazing machine to evenly apply a transparent base glaze, with the amount of glaze controlled at 145g / 40×80cm iron pan. The brick blanks with the base glaze applied are sent into a roller kiln for a second firing at a firing temperature of 1165℃ for 35 minutes to form a stable base glaze layer. Step 3: Printing and firing the surface glaze: Apply the surface glaze onto the base glaze layer using a printing press. The amount of glaze applied is controlled at 80g / 40×80cm iron pan. The viscosity of the silicate base glaze is controlled at 42.5 seconds using a Ford cup. Subsequently, the brick blank is sent into a roller kiln for a third firing at a temperature of 1140℃ for 30 minutes, forming a patterned surface glaze with a hollow structure, raised lines, and anti-slip texture. Step 4: Spraying and Curing the Anti-slip No-fired Glaze: Prepare the anti-slip no-fired glaze, which includes, by weight: 58.5 parts of high-transparency water-based resin (water-based PUD); 12.5 parts of nano-silica transparent dispersion (30% solid content); (equivalent to 3.75 parts of nano-SiO2 dry basis); 0.45 parts of silane coupling agent (KH-560); 2.25 parts of high-transparency functional additive composite package; and 26.3 parts of high-purity deionized water. Use an anti-slip no-fired glaze spraying device to evenly spray the anti-slip no-fired glaze onto the tile surface, ensuring that the glaze fully fills the hollowed-out pattern of the glaze. The spraying volume should be controlled at 100ml / ㎡. Place the sprayed tiles into a low-temperature baking tunnel and bake at 150℃ for 15 minutes to allow the anti-slip no-fired glaze to cross-link and cure, forming a transparent, wear-resistant, and anti-slip surface coating. Step 5, Surface Polishing: The cured tiles are sent to the polishing production line and the surface is finished using a light polishing process. The grinding head is configured with 1500 grit and only light polishing is performed to remove the nano anti-slip layer on the surface until the surface glaze is exposed. At this time, the nano anti-slip layer is filled in the patterned surface glaze and the nano anti-slip layer and the patterned surface glaze form a complete plane, which is the anti-slip marble tile, denoted as sample FS-2.

[0048] Example 3: A preparation process for anti-slip marble ceramic tiles, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Forming and Initial Firing of Bricks: Weigh out 50 parts clay, 30 parts quartz, 20 parts feldspar, 15 parts kaolin, 1.5 parts sodium polyacrylate, and 1.5 parts polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and put them into a ball mill for wet ball milling to prepare a slurry with a water content of 40%. The slurry is then dried into granular powder in a spray drying tower, and then pressed into brick blanks by a fully automatic hydraulic press at 40 MPa. The brick blanks are then sent to a double-layer drying kiln and dried at 120°C for 20 minutes. After that, they are sent to a roller kiln for initial firing at 1220°C for 50 minutes to obtain fired brick blanks. Step 2, Printing and Firing of Base Glaze: Use an inkjet printer to print marble texture patterns on the surface of the fired brick blanks. Then, use a glazing machine to evenly apply a transparent base glaze, with the amount of glaze controlled at 150g / 40×80cm iron pan. The brick blanks with the base glaze applied are sent into a roller kiln for a second firing at a firing temperature of 1180℃ for 30 minutes to form a stable base glaze layer. Step 3: Printing and firing the surface glaze: Apply the surface glaze onto the base glaze layer using a printing press. The amount of glaze applied is controlled at 85g / 40×80cm iron pan. The viscosity of the silicate base glaze is controlled to 45 seconds using a Ford cup. Subsequently, the brick blank is sent into a roller kiln for a third firing at a temperature of 1160℃ for 25 minutes, forming a patterned surface glaze with a hollow structure, raised lines, and anti-slip texture. Step 4: Spraying and Curing the Anti-slip No-fired Glaze: Prepare the anti-slip no-fired glaze, which includes, by weight: 62.0 parts of high-transparency water-based resin (UV acrylate); 15.0 parts of nano-silica transparent dispersion (30% solid content), (equivalent to 4.5 parts of nano-SiO2 dry basis); 0.6 parts of silane coupling agent (KH-570); 3.0 parts of high-transparency functional additive composite package; and 19.4 parts of high-purity deionized water. Use an anti-slip no-fired glaze spraying device to evenly spray the anti-slip no-fired glaze onto the tile surface, ensuring the glaze fully fills the hollowed-out pattern of the glaze. The spraying volume should be controlled at 120ml / ㎡. Place the sprayed tiles into a low-temperature baking tunnel and bake at 180℃ for 10 minutes to allow the anti-slip no-fired glaze to cross-link and cure, forming a transparent, wear-resistant, and anti-slip surface coating. Step 5, Surface Polishing: The cured tiles are sent to the polishing production line and the surface is finished using a light polishing process. The grinding head is configured with 2000 grit and only light polishing is performed to remove the nano anti-slip layer on the surface until the surface glaze is exposed. At this time, the nano anti-slip layer is filled in the patterned surface glaze and the nano anti-slip layer and the patterned surface glaze form a complete plane, which is the anti-slip marble tile, denoted as sample FS-3. Comparative Example 1

[0049] A ceramic tile manufacturing process is identical to that of Example 2, except that step four is omitted, i.e., the anti-slip, non-fired glaze is not sprayed, and baking and curing are not performed. The resulting sample is designated DB-1. Comparative Example 2

[0050] A ceramic tile preparation process is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that: in the anti-slip, non-fired glaze liquid prepared in step four, nano-silica particles are not added; their proportion is replaced by an equal amount of deionized water. The resulting sample is designated DB-2. Comparative Example 3

[0051] A ceramic tile preparation process is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that in step four, when spraying the anti-slip, non-fired glaze, the anti-slip, non-fired glaze spraying device is not used; instead, a regular manual spray gun is used. This makes it impossible to precisely control the spray volume and uniformity, and there is no glaze recovery function. The resulting sample is designated DB-3. Performance Testing and Results Analysis

[0052] The following tests were performed on the above-described sample FS-1, FS-2, FS-3 and the comparative sample DB-1, DB-2, DB-3: 1. Anti-slip performance: According to Appendix M of GB / T4100-2015, the anti-slip value (BPN) of the sample under dry and wet conditions was tested using a pendulum friction coefficient tester.

[0053] 2. Stain resistance: Tested according to GB / T3810.14-2016 using common stains (such as ink and cooking oil), and rated according to the standard (level 1 is the worst, level 5 is the best).

[0054] 3. Abrasion resistance: According to GB / T3810.7-2016, the abrasion resistance tester was used to test and record the number of revolutions when visible wear marks appeared on the glaze surface.

[0055] 4. Coating adhesion: According to GB / T9286-1998, the adhesion of the nano anti-slip layer is tested by cross-cut test (0 is the best, 5 is the worst).

[0056] 5. Gloss: Use a 60° gloss meter to measure five points at the center and four sides of the glaze surface, and take the average value.

[0057] The performance test results are shown in the table below:

[0058] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0059] The results above show that, compared with Comparative Example DB-1, Examples FS-1, FS-2, and FS-3, the present invention significantly improves the dry and wet anti-slip values ​​of ceramic tiles and greatly enhances their stain resistance by applying a nano-anti-slip layer, demonstrating that this functional layer effectively improves product safety and ease of cleaning. Comparative Example DB-2 (without nano-SiO2) exhibits significantly lower anti-slip properties, especially wet anti-slip values, compared to the examples, indicating that nano-silica particles play a crucial role in constructing a micro-rough structure and increasing the surface friction coefficient. Comparative Example DB-3 (manual spraying) shows poor coating adhesion and significant performance fluctuations, indicating that the dedicated anti-slip, no-fired glaze spraying device used in this invention is essential for ensuring a uniform, dense, and strong coating, guaranteeing high-quality and stable production. All the sample examples maintain good surface gloss while achieving excellent functionality, demonstrating that the process of this invention effectively balances decorative effect and practical function.

[0060] In summary, the anti-slip marble ceramic tile and its preparation process provided by this invention, through optimized body and glaze formula, innovative nano anti-slip layer structure, and preparation process integrating key spraying devices, successfully obtained a product with high decorative properties, high anti-slip properties, easy cleaning, and high durability, effectively solving the problems raised in the background art.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for the preparation of a non-slip marble tile, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step one, body forming and initial firing: the body raw materials are mixed, wet ball-milled to form a slurry with a water content of 35-40%, spray granulated, pressed into shape, dried, and then fired at 1180-1220 DEG C to obtain fired brick bodies; Step two, printing and base glaze firing: marble texture is printed on the surface of the fired brick body, and then transparent base glaze is applied, and then fired at 1150-1180 DEG C to form a base glaze layer; Step three, printing of face glaze and firing: transparent face glaze is printed on the base glaze layer to form a raised anti-slip texture with a hollow structure, and then fired at 1120-1160 DEG C to form a patterned face glaze with a hollow structure and raised lines; Step four, spraying of non-fired anti-slip glaze and baking and curing: the non-fired anti-slip glaze is sprayed onto the surface of the brick using a spraying device, and the non-fired anti-slip glaze is allowed to fully fill the hollow pattern of the patterned face glaze, and then baked at 120-180 DEG C to cross-link and cure the non-fired anti-slip glaze to form a nano anti-slip layer; Step five, surface polishing: the surface of the baked and cured brick is lightly polished to remove the nano anti-slip layer on the surface layer until the face glaze is exposed, at which point the nano anti-slip layer is filled in the patterned face glaze and the nano anti-slip layer and the patterned face glaze form a complete plane, i.e., an anti-slip marble ceramic tile is obtained.

2. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-slip marble ceramic tile has a multi-layer structure, including a body, a glaze layer on the body, and a nano anti-slip layer on the glaze layer; the body is made from the following raw materials by weight: clay 40-50 parts, quartz 20-30 parts, feldspar 10-20 parts, kaolin 10-15 parts, dispersing agent 0.5-1.5 parts, and binder 0.5-1.5 parts; The nano anti-slip layer is formed by spraying and baking and curing the non-fired anti-slip glaze, and the non-fired anti-slip glaze includes, by weight: high-transparency water-based resin 55-62 parts, nano-silica transparent dispersion paste 10-15 parts, silane coupling agent 0.3-0.6 parts, high-transparency functional additive composite package 1.5-3 parts, and the balance being high-purity deionized water; wherein the high-transparency water-based resin is UV acrylate or water-based PUD; the nano-silica transparent dispersion paste has a solid content of 30%; the silane coupling agent is gamma-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane or gamma-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane; the high-transparency functional additive composite package includes a dispersing agent, a leveling agent, a defoaming agent, and a stain-resistant agent, and the mass ratio of the dispersing agent, the leveling agent, the defoaming agent, and the stain-resistant agent is 3.5:2.5:2:2; and the prepared non-fired anti-slip glaze is adjusted to a pH value of 8-9 using ammonia water.

3. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dispersing agent is any one of sodium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or sodium polyacrylate; the binder is any one of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol; and the pH value of the non-fired anti-slip glaze is adjusted using ammonia water, ethanolamine, or triethanolamine.

4. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 1, wherein, The spraying of the anti-slip and baking-free glaze in step four is realized by using an anti-slip and baking-free glaze spraying device, which comprises a reaction box (1), first and second conveying belts (2) and (3) arranged on the two sides of the reaction box (1) respectively, connecting openings (4) symmetrically formed on the two sides of the reaction box (1), a conveying roller (5) rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction box (1), a synchronous wheel (6) fixedly connected to one end of the conveying roller (5), a synchronous belt (7) connected between two adjacent synchronous wheels (6), a mounting frame (10) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction box (1), a third motor (11) mounted on the outer wall of the mounting frame (10), and one synchronous wheel (6) connected to the output end of the third motor (11). Glaze is sprayed on the brick by a glaze spraying mechanism (8).

5. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glaze spraying mechanism (8) comprises a feeding pipe (801) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reaction box (1) and extending into the inner cavity of the reaction box (1), a connecting seat (802) fixedly connected to one end of the feeding pipe (801), a pipe (803) fixedly connected to one end of the connecting seat (802), a spray head (804) mounted at the bottom end of the pipe (803), a glaze recovery groove (805) arranged at the bottom end of the inner cavity of the reaction box (1), a baffle (806) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting opening (4), a straight gear (807) fixedly connected to one end of the baffle (806), a horizontal plate (811) fixedly connected to one side of the top end of the reaction box (1), a first motor (810) mounted on the outer wall of the horizontal plate (811), a first threaded rod (809) connected to the output end of the first motor (810), a displacement frame (808) slidably connected to the outer wall of the reaction box (1) and in contact with the straight gear (807), a rotating rod (813) rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the reaction box (1), a scraper (812) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod (813), the scraper (812) being located above the conveying roller (5), a rotating disc (814) fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod (813), a positioning groove (815) formed in the outer wall of the rotating disc (814), a positioning frame (816) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the displacement frame (808), and the spray head (804) being automatically cleaned by a cleaning mechanism (9).

6. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cleaning mechanism (9) comprises a mounting seat (901) fixedly connected to one end of the reaction box (1), a second motor (902) mounted on the outer wall of the mounting seat (901), a second threaded rod (903) connected to the output end of the second motor (902), a movable plate (904) slidably connected to the outer wall of the second threaded rod (903), a collecting groove (905) fixedly connected to the top end of the movable plate (904), the collecting groove (905) extending to the inner wall of the reaction box (1), a push plate (907) fixedly connected to the top end of the collecting groove (905), a drain pipe (906) fixedly connected to one end of the collecting groove (905), a water inlet pipe (908) slidably connected to the top end of the reaction box (1), the bottom of the water inlet pipe (908) extending to the inner cavity of the connecting seat (802), a sliding groove (913) being formed in the inner cavity of the connecting seat (802) for the bottom of the water inlet pipe (908) to slide, a C-shaped bracket (909) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the water inlet pipe (908), the C-shaped bracket (909) extending into the reaction box (1), a toothed column (910) rotatably connected to the outer wall of the C-shaped bracket (909) in the reaction box (1), an L-shaped bracket (911) slidably connected to the outer wall of the toothed column (910) in the reaction box (1), the L-shaped bracket (911) extending out of the reaction box (1), and a spring (912) connected between the L-shaped bracket (911) and the reaction box (1).

7. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 5, wherein, A first threaded hole is formed in the top end of the displacement frame (808) and matches the first threaded rod (809); first tooth grooves are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the displacement frame (808) and engage with the spur gear (807).

8. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 5, wherein, The outer wall of one end of the positioning frame (816) is matched with the inner wall of the positioning groove (815), and the positioning groove (815) is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves and is circumferentially and equidistantly distributed on the outer wall of the rotating disc (814).

9. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 6, wherein, A second threaded hole is formed in the outer wall of the movable plate (904) and matches the second threaded rod (903); second tooth grooves are formed in the outer walls of the C-shaped bracket (909) and the L-shaped bracket (911), and the outer wall of the toothed column (910) is provided with teeth that engage with the second tooth grooves.

10. The process for manufacturing a non-slip marble tile according to claim 6, wherein, The bottom outer wall of the water inlet pipe (908) is matched with the inner wall of the sliding groove (913).

Images