Steel structure cooling tower mounting method and jig frame structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure buildings, and discloses a steel structure cooling tower installation method and a jig frame structure.The steel structure cooling tower installation method comprises the steps that an overall coordinate system is established based on a target layer annular structure, and angular point coordinates of a target triangular unit in the overall coordinate system are calculated based on the outer chord diameter and the inner chord diameter of the annular structure; calculating the coordinate value of each angular point of the target triangular unit in the local coordinate system; calculating the coordinate value of each angular point of the target triangular unit in the target coordinate system; the chord member and the node ball are placed on the jig frame structure, and the jig frame structure is adjusted and positioned based on the angular point coordinates under the target coordinate system; all the n triangular units are installed in sequence, and the annular structure of the target layer is formed. According to the installation method of the steel structure cooling tower, by establishing the multi-stage coordinate system conversion model, space positioning calculation in the construction process is simplified, and the installation precision and efficiency are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of steel structure building, and particularly relates to a steel structure cooling tower installation method and a jig frame structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] The intercooling tower of a conventional large-scale thermal power plant adopts a concrete structure. At present, most of the built intercooling towers on the market adopt a concrete structure. However, with the increasing height of the large-scale concrete intercooling tower and the increasing complexity of the construction process, the structure cost is greatly increased. The mass of the reinforced concrete tower body makes the intercooling tower poor in stability. The formwork construction of the concrete intercooling tower with a hyperbolic parabolic surface shape brings great challenges. At the same time, the old and dangerous towers that need to be demolished will produce a large amount of difficult-to-degrade construction waste. With the development of technology, steel structure cooling towers have been gradually applied. In cold regions, due to the limited construction time of the concrete structure, in order not to affect the construction period of the entire project, the steel structure cooling tower becomes a selectable scheme. Similarly, when the procurement of concrete materials is difficult and the labor cost is high, the steel structure cooling tower will also become a selectable scheme.

[0003] The steel structure cooling tower is usually spliced by many triangular units, and a whole force system is formed through high-strength bolt connection. However, in the related technology, the triangular units of the steel structure cooling tower are inconvenient to assemble on site due to the high machining precision requirement, and often need to be welded in the factory and then transported to the site for hoisting, which prolongs the construction period and increases the transportation cost and the engineering cost. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a steel structure cooling tower installation method and a jig frame structure to solve the problem that the triangular units of the steel structure cooling tower are inconvenient to assemble on site.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a steel structure cooling tower installation method. Each layer of the cooling tower is formed into a ring structure by n inverted triangular units, and the cooling tower is stacked by P ring structures. The steel structure cooling tower installation method comprises the following steps: An overall coordinate system (XYZ) is established based on the target layer ring structure, and the origin O of the overall coordinate system is defined as the center of the bottom surface of the target layer ring structure. The triangular units are sequentially numbered along the circumferential direction of the ring structure, and the starting axis of the numbering is coincided with the positive direction of the X axis; Based on the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din of the ring structure, the corner point coordinates of the target triangular unit in the overall coordinate system are calculated; A local coordinate system (X'Y'Z') is established with the middle position of the line connecting the inner chord nodes A and B of the target triangular unit as the origin O', and the X' and Y' axes of the local coordinate system are consistent with the X and Y axes of the overall coordinate system respectively; the coordinates of the corner points of the target triangular unit in the local coordinate system are recalculated based on the corner point coordinates of the target triangular unit in the overall coordinate system; A target coordinate system (X"Y"Z") is established, the origin O' of the local coordinate system is kept unchanged as the origin O" of the target coordinate system, the local coordinate system is rotated around the Z' axis, and the X' axis is rotated by θ degrees clockwise to become the X" axis, so that the X" axis coincides with the line connecting the inner chord nodes A and B and points from the inner chord node A to the inner chord node B; at this time, the Y" axis is perpendicular to the X" axis and points to the outside of the ring structure, and the direction of the Z" axis is consistent with that of the Z axis of the overall coordinate system; the coordinates of the corner points of the target triangular unit in the target coordinate system are recalculated based on the corner point coordinates of the target triangular unit in the local coordinate system; According to the drawing size of the target triangular unit, a corresponding size of chord and node ball is selected; The chord and node ball are placed on the jig structure, and the jig structure is adjusted and positioned based on the corner point coordinates in the target coordinate system; The chord and node ball are welded to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit; Based on the corner point coordinates of the target triangular unit in the overall coordinate system, the target triangular unit is hoisted to the corresponding corner point coordinate position in the overall coordinate system, and is fixed with the adjacent triangular unit, until the installation of all n triangular units is completed, forming the ring structure of the target layer; The above steps are repeated to install the remaining layer ring structures layer by layer upwards, until the stacking installation of the P layer ring structure is completed, and finally a complete cooling tower steel structure main body is formed.

[0006] Beneficial effects: The embodiment divides the installation of the steel structure cooling tower into multiple layer ring structures for layer-by-layer assembly, and further subdivides each layer into a plurality of triangular units for modular prefabrication and positioning, which significantly improves the construction precision and efficiency; by establishing a multi-level coordinate system conversion model, accurate mapping from overall layout to local node is realized, ensuring correct positioning of each chord and node ball in space; the jig assisted positioning and coordinate guided welding technology is adopted to effectively control the deformation and ensure the geometric consistency of the structure; during hoisting, real-time correction is combined with the three-dimensional coordinate measurement system, so that the adjacent units are seamlessly connected.

[0007] In an alternative embodiment, based on the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din of the ring structure, the corner point coordinates of the target triangular unit in the overall coordinate system are calculated, including: The relationship between the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din satisfies Dout-2d=Din, where d is the thickness of the ring structure; The X and Y direction coordinates of the Nth outer chord node are respectively: x1= (Dout / 2) x cos[(360° / n) x (N-1)], y1= (Dout / 2) x sin[(360° / n) x (N-1)] The X and Y direction coordinates of the Nth inner chord node are respectively: x2= (Din / 2) x cos[(360° / n) x (N-1)], y2= (Din / 2) x sin[(360° / n) x (N-1)] The X and Y direction coordinates of the N-1th outer chord node are respectively: x3= (Dout / 2) x cos[(360° / n) x (N-2)], y3= (Dout / 2) x sin[(360° / n) x (N-2)] The X and Y direction coordinates of the N-1th inner chord node are respectively: x4= (Din / 2) x cos[(360° / n) x (N-2)], y4= (Din / 2) x sin[(360° / n) x (N-2)] The X and Y direction coordinates of the lowermost outer chord node of the inverted triangular cell are respectively: x5= (Dout / 2) x cos[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)], y5= (Dout / 2) x sin[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)] The X and Y direction coordinates of the lowermost inner chord node of the inverted triangular cell are respectively: x6= (Din / 2) x cos[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)], y6= (Din / 2) x sin[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)] The X and Y direction coordinates of O' in the XYZ coordinate system are respectively: xo= (Din / 2) x cos[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)], yo= (Din / 2) x sin[(180° / n) + (360° / n) x (N-2)].

[0008] In an alternative embodiment, the coordinate values of the corner points of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system are recalculated based on the coordinate values of the corner points of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system, including: The local coordinate transformation formula is:

[0009] wherein m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; when m = 1, it corresponds to the coordinate value of the first corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e. the coordinate (x1, y1, z1) of the Nth outer chord node; when m = 2, it corresponds to the coordinate value of the second corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e. the coordinate (x2, y2, z2) of the Nth inner chord node; when m = 3, it corresponds to the coordinate value of the third corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e. the coordinate (x3, y3, z3) of the N-1th outer chord node; when m = 4, it corresponds to the coordinate value of the fourth corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e. the coordinate (x4, y4, z4) of the N-1th inner chord node; when m = 5, it corresponds to the coordinate (x5, y5, z5) of the lowermost outer chord node of the inverted triangular element; when m = 6, it corresponds to the coordinate (x6, y6, z6) of the lowermost inner chord node of the inverted triangular element; At this time, when m = 1, (x1, y1, z1) is substituted into the local coordinate transformation formula to obtain the coordinate values (x'1, y'1, z'1) of the point in the local coordinate system as follows:

[0010] When m = 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the second to sixth corner point coordinates are sequentially substituted into the local coordinate transformation formula to obtain the mapping positions of the points in the local coordinate system with O' as the origin.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the coordinate values of the corner points of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system are recalculated based on the coordinate values of the corner points of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system, including: The target coordinate system transformation formula is:

[0012] wherein k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; When k=1, it corresponds to the coordinates of the first corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth outer chord node in the local coordinate system (x'1, y'1, z'1); when k=2, it corresponds to the coordinates of the second corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth inner chord node (x'2, y'2, z'2); when k=3, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th outer chord node (x'3, y'3, z'3); when k=4, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th inner chord node (x'4, y'4, z'4); when k=5, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'5, y'5, z'5); when k=6, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'6, y'6, z'6). At this point, when k=1, substituting (x'1, y'1, z'1) into the target coordinate system transformation formula, the coordinate values ​​(x''1, y''1, z''1) of this point in the target coordinate system are obtained as follows:

[0013] When k=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the coordinates of the corresponding corner points in the local coordinate system are substituted into the transformation formula of the target coordinate system in turn to calculate the mapping position of each point in the target coordinate system.

[0014] In one alternative implementation, the chord members and node balls are placed on the frame structure, and the frame structure is adjusted and positioned based on the corner coordinates in the target coordinate system, including: First, according to the dimensions of the triangular unit drawing, place the six chord brackets evenly on the outline of the isosceles triangle, with two chord brackets placed on each side of the isosceles triangle; The chord includes an outer chord and an inner chord. The outer chord and the inner chord are placed on the upper parts of the first and second brackets, respectively. The distance H2 between the first and second brackets is adjusted, and the distance H1 between the second bracket and the ground is adjusted. Place the node ball on the node ball support column. Calculate the height H of the node ball's center from the ground based on the node ball's coordinates in the target coordinate system. Adjust the height of the node ball support column so that the node ball's center is precisely at height H.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the nodal sphere is placed on a nodal sphere support column. Based on the coordinates of the nodal sphere in the target coordinate system, the height H of the nodal sphere's center from the ground is calculated. The height of the nodal sphere support column is then adjusted so that the center of the nodal sphere is precisely at height H. This includes: The radius of the node sphere support column is r, and its height is h. The radius of the node sphere is R. The angle between the vertical line passing through the center of the node sphere and the line connecting the center of the node sphere and the edge of the node sphere support column is α. Therefore, sinα = r / R, and the height of the node sphere support column is h = HR × cosα.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, the chord is welded to the node ball to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit, including: Mark the connection points with the web members on the chord members, and weld both ends of the web members to the chord members respectively; The node ball is welded to the chord in a conventional manner.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides a frame structure for use in the steel structure cooling tower installation method described above, the frame structure comprising: Six chord brackets are evenly distributed on the three sides of the isosceles triangle, two on each side, to support the outer and inner chords; Six nodal spherical support columns are evenly distributed at the three vertices of an isosceles triangle. Three of the nodal spherical support columns support the outer chord nodal spheres, and the other three support the inner chord nodal spheres.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment, the chord bracket includes: Bracket base; Side columns are vertically mounted on the bracket base; The first and second corbels are horizontally and spaced apart on the side columns, and are used to support the outer chord and the inner chord respectively. The chord support is located above the first and second corbels and has an arc-shaped support surface to accommodate the curvature of the outer and inner chords.

[0019] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: The vertical adjustment component is suitable for movably connecting the first bracket and the second bracket to the side column respectively, so as to adjust the height of the first bracket and the second bracket; The lateral adjustment component is suitable for movably connecting the chord support to the first and second brackets respectively, so as to adjust the lateral position of the chord support. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a side view of the cooling tower of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the cooling tower of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point C in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a triangular unit in the cooling tower of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a coordinate diagram of the triangular unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tire frame structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the tire frame structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the chord bracket of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Cooling tower; 1. Triangular unit; 11. Outer chord; 12. Inner chord; 13. Web member; 14. Inner support member; 15. Outer chord node ball; 16. Inner chord node ball; 21. Node ball support column; 22. Chord bracket; 221. Bracket base; 222. Side column; 223. Diagonal brace; 224. First corbel; 226. Second corbel; 227. Chord support; 228. Lateral adjustment component; 229. Vertical adjustment component. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] Steel structure cooling towers are typically composed of many triangular units assembled together using high-strength bolts to form an integrated load-bearing system. Because the overall outer surface of a steel structure cooling tower has a hyperbolic shape, and the triangular units on each layer are identical in shape while the dimensions of the triangular units on different layers differ, controlling the manufacturing precision of each triangular unit is a crucial step in ensuring the overall installation quality of the steel structure cooling tower.

[0028] Due to the high precision requirements of the machining, the triangular units of the steel structure cooling towers in related technologies need to be welded in the factory and then transported to the site for hoisting. This results in a long construction period, increased transportation costs, and higher project costs.

[0029] The following is combined Figures 1 to 8 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in one aspect, a method for installing a steel structure cooling tower is provided, wherein each layer of the cooling tower 100 is formed by n inverted triangular units 1 enclosing a ring structure, and the cooling tower 100 is composed of P layers of stacked ring structures; the method for installing the steel structure cooling tower includes: Establish an overall coordinate system (XYZ) based on the target layer ring structure, and define the origin O of the overall coordinate system as the center of the bottom surface of the target layer ring structure; number the triangular units 1 sequentially along the circumference of the ring structure, and make the starting axis of the numbering coincide with the positive direction of the X-axis; Based on the outer chord diameter Dout and inner chord diameter Din of the ring structure, calculate the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system; A local coordinate system (X'Y'Z') is established with the midpoint of the line connecting the inner chord nodes A and B of the target triangular element as the origin O'. The X' and Y' axes of the local coordinate system are aligned with the X and Y axes of the global coordinate system, respectively. Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system, the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system are recalculated. Establish a target coordinate system (X”Y”Z”). Keep the origin O’ of the local coordinate system unchanged as the origin O” of the target coordinate system. Rotate the local coordinate system around the Z’ axis, and rotate the X’ axis clockwise by an angle θ to become the X” axis. Make the X” axis coincide with the line connecting the inner chord node A and the inner chord node B, and point from the inner chord node A to the inner chord node B. At this time, the Y” axis is perpendicular to the X” axis and points to the outside of the ring structure, and the Z” axis is consistent with the Z axis of the global coordinate system. Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system, recalculate the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangular element in the target coordinate system. Based on the dimensions of the target triangular element in the drawing, select the corresponding specifications of the chord members and node balls; Place the chord and node ball on the frame structure, and adjust and position the frame structure based on the corner coordinates in the target coordinate system; Weld the chord members to the node balls to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit; Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular unit in the global coordinate system, the target triangular unit is hoisted to the corresponding corner coordinate position in the global coordinate system and fixed with the adjacent triangular unit until the installation of all n triangular units 1 is completed, forming a ring structure of the target layer. Repeat the above steps to install the remaining ring structures layer by layer upwards until the stacking and installation of the P-layer ring structure is completed, ultimately forming the complete steel structure of the cooling tower.

[0031] In this embodiment, each layer of the cooling tower 100 is formed by n inverted triangular units 1 enclosing a ring structure, and the angle corresponding to each triangular unit is β=360° / n. Taking the first ring structure located on the ground as an example, the origin O of the overall coordinate system is located at the center of the bottom circle of this layer, and the starting axis is aligned with the inner chord centerline of the first triangular unit along the positive X-axis direction.

[0032] This embodiment significantly improves construction accuracy and efficiency by decomposing the installation of the steel structure cooling tower into a multi-layered ring structure, with each layer further subdivided into several triangular units for modular prefabrication and positioning. A multi-level coordinate system transformation model is established to achieve precise mapping from the overall layout to local nodes, ensuring the correct positioning of each chord and node ball in space. The use of a jig-assisted positioning and coordinate-guided welding technology effectively controls deformation and ensures structural geometric consistency. Real-time correction using a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system during hoisting ensures seamless connection between adjacent units.

[0033] The original complex coordinates of the overall corner points are transformed into coordinates on triangular units, making it easier to input the coordinates into the total station to locate six corner points.

[0034] This embodiment uses a steel structure cooling tower. Compared with traditional concrete cooling towers, the main advantages of steel structure cooling towers are: 1) Faster construction period, shorter construction time, and unaffected by winter; 2) Lighter weight, better ductility, and superior seismic performance. The weight of a steel structure cooling tower is only about 15% of that of a concrete cooling tower, resulting in less seismic impact. Steel materials have good ductility and superior seismic performance; 3) More aesthetically pleasing overall appearance. The color of the steel structure tower enclosure system can be customized according to user requirements, blending seamlessly with the surrounding environment and becoming a significant feature of the factory; 4) Smaller construction site and pollution-free construction. Steel structure towers require less construction space, eliminating the need for additional space. Only a small area is needed for workers to assemble the materials at the base of the tower. There is no dust or noise pollution during construction, making it environmentally friendly and clean.

[0035] In some embodiments, based on the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din of the annular structure, the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system are calculated, including: The relationship between the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din satisfies Dout-2d=Din, where d is the thickness of the annular structure; The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the Nth outer chord node are as follows: x1=(Dout / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-1)], y1=(Dout / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-1)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the Nth inner chord node are as follows: x2=(Din / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-1)], y2=(Din / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-1)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the (N-1)th outer chord node are as follows: x3=(Dout / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-2)], y3=(Dout / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the (N-1)th inner chord node are as follows: x4=(Din / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-2)], y4=(Din / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular element are as follows: x5=(Dout / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], y5=(Dout / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular element are as follows: x6=(Din / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], y6=(Din / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of O' in the XYZ coordinate system are as follows: xo=(Din / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], yo=(Din / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)].

[0036] This allows us to determine the precise position of each target triangular unit in the global coordinate system, thereby constructing a complete geometric model of the ring structure. By utilizing the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din, combined with the ring thickness d and the node distribution pattern, we can quickly generate the coordinates of each node and establish the triangular mesh topology, thus realizing the discretization modeling of the ring structure.

[0037] In some embodiments, based on the corner coordinates of the target triangulation element in the global coordinate system, the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangulation element in the local coordinate system are recalculated, including: Local coordinate transformation formula:

[0038] Where m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; when m = 1, it corresponds to the coordinates of the first corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth outer chord node (x1, y1, z1); when m = 2, it corresponds to the coordinates of the second corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth inner chord node (x2, y2, z2); when m = 3, it corresponds to the coordinates of the third corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the (N-1)th outer chord node (x3, y3, z3); ​​when m = 4, it corresponds to the coordinates of the fourth corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the (N-1)th inner chord node (x4, y4, z4); when m = 5, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x5, y5, z5); when m = 6, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x6, y6, z6). At this point, when m=1, substituting (x1, y1, z1) into the local coordinate transformation formula, the coordinate values ​​(x'1, y'1, z'1) of this point in the local coordinate system are obtained as follows:

[0039] When m=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the coordinates of the second to sixth corner points are respectively substituted into the local coordinate transformation formula to obtain the mapping position of each point in the local coordinate system with O' as the origin.

[0040] This completes the transformation of all corner points from the global coordinate system to the local coordinate system, thus facilitating further mapping and transformation from the local coordinate system to the target coordinate system.

[0041] In some embodiments, based on the corner coordinates of the target triangulation element in the local coordinate system, the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangulation element in the target coordinate system are recalculated, including: The formula for transforming the target coordinate system is:

[0042] Where k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; When k=1, it corresponds to the coordinates of the first corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth outer chord node in the local coordinate system (x'1, y'1, z'1); when k=2, it corresponds to the coordinates of the second corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth inner chord node (x'2, y'2, z'2); when k=3, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th outer chord node (x'3, y'3, z'3); when k=4, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th inner chord node (x'4, y'4, z'4); when k=5, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'5, y'5, z'5); when k=6, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'6, y'6, z'6). At this point, when k=1, substituting (x'1, y'1, z'1) into the target coordinate system transformation formula, the coordinate values ​​(x''1, y''1, z''1) of this point in the target coordinate system are obtained as follows:

[0043] When k=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the coordinates of the corresponding corner points in the local coordinate system are substituted into the transformation formula of the target coordinate system in turn to calculate the mapping position of each point in the target coordinate system.

[0044] This achieves a precise mapping from the local coordinate system to the target coordinate system, ensuring that each corner point retains its original geometric relationships and relative positions after spatial transformation. Through step-by-step substitution and matrix operations, data alignment and model reconstruction under multiple coordinate systems are effectively realized, facilitating on-site construction personnel to quickly locate key nodes, improving assembly accuracy and work efficiency, and reducing the risk of rework due to coordinate deviations. Simultaneously, it can quickly reverse-engineer the inverse transformation path from the target coordinate system to the local coordinate system, realizing a bidirectional mapping mechanism from the target coordinate system back to the global coordinate system.

[0045] In some embodiments, placing the chord and node ball on the frame structure and adjusting the frame structure's positioning based on the corner coordinates in the target coordinate system includes: First, according to the dimensions of the triangular unit drawing, place the six chord brackets 22 evenly on the outline of the isosceles triangle, with two chord brackets 22 placed on each side of the isosceles triangle; The chord includes an outer chord 11 and an inner chord 12. The outer chord 11 and the inner chord 12 are placed on the upper parts of the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226, respectively. The distance H2 between the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226 is adjusted, and the distance H1 between the second bracket 226 and the ground is adjusted. Place the node ball on the node ball support column 21. Calculate the height H of the node ball's center from the ground based on the node ball's coordinates in the target coordinate system. Adjust the height of the node ball support column 21 so that the node ball's center is precisely at height H.

[0046] By adopting a frame structure, the spatial orientation of the chord members and node balls can be effectively supported, ensuring that each component maintains the geometric positional relationship required by the design during assembly. By precisely adjusting the three-dimensional coordinates of the bracket and support column, high-precision pre-assembly of the unit can be achieved, reducing on-site installation difficulty and improving overall construction quality and efficiency.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the relative positional relationship between each corner point and the node ball in the target coordinate system, the alignment accuracy between the chord axis and the center of the node ball is checked in real time to ensure that there is no offset or torsion during the assembly process.

[0048] In some embodiments, the node ball is placed on the node ball support column 21, and the height H of the node ball center from the ground is calculated based on the coordinates of the node ball in the target coordinate system. The height of the node ball support column 21 is then adjusted so that the node ball center is precisely at height H. This includes: The radius of the node ball support column 21 is r, and its height is h. The radius of the node ball is R. The angle between the vertical line passing through the center of the node ball and the line connecting the center of the node ball and the edge of the node ball support column 21 is α. Then sinα=r / R, and the height h of the node ball support column 21 is obtained as h=HR×cosα.

[0049] By precisely controlling the adjustment height of the node ball support column through this geometric relationship, the vertical positioning of the node ball center in the target coordinate system is ensured to be accurate; combined with the coordinate adjustment of the chord bracket on the horizontal plane, the synchronous calibration of the three-dimensional attitude in space is realized, thereby ensuring the overall geometric accuracy of the triangular unit assembly.

[0050] The height of other nodal ball support columns can be determined using this method.

[0051] In some embodiments, the chord members are welded to the nodal balls to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit, including: Mark the connection point with web member 13 on the chord, and weld both ends of web member 13 to the chord respectively; The node ball is welded to the chord in a conventional manner.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in another aspect, a jig structure is also provided, applied to the steel structure cooling tower installation method as described above, the jig structure comprising: Six chord brackets 22 are evenly distributed on the three sides of the isosceles triangle, two on each side, to support the outer chord 11 and the inner chord 12; Six nodal ball support columns 21 are evenly distributed at the three vertices of the isosceles triangle, with three nodal ball support columns 21 used to support the outer chord nodal ball 15 and the other three used to support the inner chord nodal ball 16.

[0053] Each layer of the cooling tower 100 is enclosed by n inverted triangular units 1 to form a ring structure. Adjacent triangular units are spatially spliced ​​through shared node spheres to form a stable spatial force system. Each triangular unit is connected at the end by a planar truss composed of inner and outer chords and web members. The three planar trusses are directly connected by node spheres. The inner support rod is connected to the middle of the planar truss. The truss, inner support rod and node spheres form a stable triangular structure. Because the overall outer surface of the steel structure cooling tower is hyperbolic, the shape of the triangular units in each layer is the same, but the size of the triangular units in the upper and lower layers is different. Therefore, controlling the manufacturing precision of each triangular unit is the key to ensuring the installation quality of the entire steel structure cooling tower.

[0054] The node ball support column 21 is made of round tube, and a steel base plate is set at the bottom of the support column, so that the round tube column is stably fixed on the ground.

[0055] Place the node ball on the node ball support column 21 and weld it to the chord to complete the construction of the triangular unit.

[0056] In some embodiments, the chord bracket 22 includes: Bracket base 221; Side column 222 is vertically mounted on bracket base 221; The first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226 are horizontally and spaced apart on the side column 222, respectively used to support the outer chord 11 and the inner chord 12; The chord support 227 is disposed above the first corbel 224 and the second corbel 226. The chord support 227 has an arc-shaped support surface for adapting to the curvature of the outer chord 11 and the inner chord 12.

[0057] The chord bracket 22 also includes a diagonal brace 223, one end of which is connected to the side column 222, and the other end is diagonally supported on the bracket base 221, to enhance the overall structural stability of the bracket. The diagonal brace 223 is welded to both the side column 222 and the bracket base 221 to ensure reliable force transmission. Both the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226 are mounted on the side column 222, and their installation positions are adjustable along the height of the side column. The first bracket 224 is used to support the outer chord 11 of the steel cooling tower triangular unit, while the second bracket 226 is used to support the inner chord 12.

[0058] The arc-shaped support surface of the chord support 227 fits tightly against the outer surface of the chord to prevent displacement during welding.

[0059] In some embodiments, it also includes: The vertical adjustment component 229 is adapted to movably connect the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226 to the side column 222 respectively, so as to adjust the height of the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226; The lateral adjustment member 228 is adapted to movably connect the chord support 227 to the first bracket 224 and the second bracket 226 respectively, so as to adjust the lateral position of the chord support 227.

[0060] Through the coordinated operation of the vertical adjusting component 229 and the horizontal adjusting component 228, the spatial position of the chord support 227 can be precisely adjusted, ensuring that the outer chord 11 and the inner chord 12 maintain the geometric posture required by the design during assembly. This not only adapts to the assembly requirements of chords with different curvatures but also significantly improves the manufacturing precision and welding quality of the triangular unit. After positioning, each adjusting component is rigidly locked to prevent construction disturbances and ensure the overall structural assembly stability.

[0061] The vertical adjusting component 229 and the horizontal adjusting component 228 can be bolts.

[0062] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing a steel structure cooling tower, characterized in that, Each layer of the cooling tower (100) is formed by n inverted triangular units (1) enclosing a ring structure, and the cooling tower (100) is composed of P layers of ring structures stacked together; The installation method for the steel structure cooling tower includes: Based on the target layer ring structure, establish an overall coordinate system (XYZ), and define the origin O of the overall coordinate system as the center of the bottom surface of the target layer ring structure; sequentially number the triangular units (1) along the circumference of the ring structure, and make the starting axis of the numbering coincide with the positive direction of the X-axis; Based on the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din of the ring structure, calculate the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system; A local coordinate system (X'Y'Z') is established with the midpoint of the line connecting the inner chord nodes A and B of the target triangular element as the origin O'. The X' and Y' axes of the local coordinate system are aligned with the X and Y axes of the global coordinate system, respectively. Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system, the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system are recalculated. Establish a target coordinate system (X”Y”Z”). Keep the origin O’ of the local coordinate system unchanged as the origin O” of the target coordinate system. Rotate the local coordinate system around the Z’ axis, and rotate the X’ axis clockwise by an angle θ to become the X” axis. Make the X” axis coincide with the line connecting the inner chord node A and the inner chord node B, and point from the inner chord node A to the inner chord node B. At this time, the Y” axis is perpendicular to the X” axis and points to the outside of the ring structure, and the Z” axis is consistent with the Z axis of the global coordinate system. Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the local coordinate system, recalculate the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangular element in the target coordinate system. Based on the dimensions of the target triangular element in the drawing, select the corresponding specifications of the chord members and node balls; Place the chord and node ball on the frame structure, and adjust and position the frame structure based on the corner coordinates in the target coordinate system; Weld the chord members to the node balls to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit; Based on the corner coordinates of the target triangular unit in the global coordinate system, the target triangular unit is hoisted to the corresponding corner coordinate position in the global coordinate system and fixed with the adjacent triangular unit until the installation of all n triangular units (1) is completed, forming a ring structure of the target layer. Repeat the above steps to install the remaining ring structures layer by layer upwards until the stacking and installation of the P-layer ring structure is completed, ultimately forming the complete steel structure of the cooling tower.

2. The installation method for a steel structure cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the corner coordinates of the target triangular element in the global coordinate system based on the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din of the ring structure includes: The relationship between the outer chord diameter Dout and the inner chord diameter Din satisfies Dout-2d=Din, where d is the thickness of the annular structure; The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the Nth outer chord node are as follows: x1=(Dout / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-1)], y1=(Dout / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-1)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the Nth inner chord node are as follows: x2=(Din / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-1)], y2=(Din / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-1)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the (N-1)th outer chord node are as follows: x3=(Dout / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-2)], y3=(Dout / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the node corresponding to the (N-1)th inner chord node are as follows: x4=(Din / 2)×cos[(360° / n)×(N-2)], y4=(Din / 2)×sin[(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular element are as follows: x5=(Dout / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], y5=(Dout / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular element are as follows: x6=(Din / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], y6=(Din / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)] The X and Y coordinates of O' in the XYZ coordinate system are as follows: xo=(Din / 2)×cos[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)], yo=(Din / 2)×sin[(180° / n)+(360° / n)×(N-2)].

3. The steel structure cooling tower installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recalculation of the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangulation element in the local coordinate system based on the corner coordinates of the target triangulation element in the global coordinate system includes: Local coordinate transformation formula: Where m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; when m = 1, it corresponds to the coordinates of the first corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth outer chord node (x1, y1, z1); when m = 2, it corresponds to the coordinates of the second corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth inner chord node (x2, y2, z2); when m = 3, it corresponds to the coordinates of the third corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the (N-1)th outer chord node (x3, y3, z3); ​​when m = 4, it corresponds to the coordinates of the fourth corner point in the global coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the (N-1)th inner chord node (x4, y4, z4); when m = 5, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x5, y5, z5); when m = 6, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x6, y6, z6). At this point, when m=1, substituting (x1, y1, z1) into the local coordinate transformation formula, the coordinate values ​​(x'1, y'1, z'1) of this point in the local coordinate system are obtained as follows: When m=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the coordinates of the second to sixth corner points are respectively substituted into the local coordinate transformation formula to obtain the mapping position of each point in the local coordinate system with O' as the origin.

4. The installation method for a steel structure cooling tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, The recalculation of the coordinate values ​​of each corner point of the target triangulation element in the target coordinate system based on the corner coordinates of the target triangulation element in the local coordinate system includes: The formula for transforming the target coordinate system is: Where k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; When k=1, it corresponds to the coordinates of the first corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth outer chord node in the local coordinate system (x'1, y'1, z'1); when k=2, it corresponds to the coordinates of the second corner point in the local coordinate system, i.e., the coordinates of the Nth inner chord node (x'2, y'2, z'2); when k=3, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th outer chord node (x'3, y'3, z'3); when k=4, it corresponds to the coordinates of the (N-1)th inner chord node (x'4, y'4, z'4); when k=5, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom outer chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'5, y'5, z'5); when k=6, it corresponds to the coordinates of the bottom inner chord node of the inverted triangular unit (x'6, y'6, z'6). At this point, when k=1, substituting (x'1, y'1, z'1) into the target coordinate system transformation formula, the coordinate values ​​(x''1, y''1, z''1) of this point in the target coordinate system are obtained as follows: When k=2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, the coordinates of the corresponding corner points in the local coordinate system are substituted into the transformation formula of the target coordinate system in turn to calculate the mapping position of each point in the target coordinate system.

5. The steel structure cooling tower installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of placing the chord and node ball on the frame structure and adjusting and positioning the frame structure based on the corner coordinates in the target coordinate system includes: First, according to the dimensions of the triangular unit drawing, six chord brackets (22) are evenly placed on the outline of the isosceles triangle, with two chord brackets (22) placed on each side of the isosceles triangle. The chord includes an outer chord (11) and an inner chord (12). The outer chord (11) and the inner chord (12) are placed on the upper part of the first bracket (224) and the second bracket (226), respectively. The distance H2 between the first bracket (224) and the second bracket (226) is adjusted, and the distance H1 between the second bracket (226) and the ground is adjusted. Place the node ball on the node ball support column (21), calculate the height H of the node ball center from the ground according to the coordinate value of the node ball in the target coordinate system, and adjust the height of the node ball support column (21) so that the node ball center is precisely at the height H position.

6. The method for installing a steel structure cooling tower according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of placing the node ball on the node ball support column (21), calculating the height H of the node ball center from the ground based on the coordinates of the node ball in the target coordinate system, and adjusting the height of the node ball support column (21) so that the node ball center is precisely at the height H position includes: The radius of the node ball support column (21) is r, and the height is h. The radius of the node ball is R. The angle between the vertical line passing through the center of the node ball and the line connecting the center of the node ball and the edge of the node ball support column (21) is α. Then sinα=r / R, and the height h of the node ball support column (21) is obtained as h=HR×cosα.

7. The installation method for a steel structure cooling tower according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of welding the chord members to the node balls to complete the assembly of the target triangular unit includes: Mark the connection point with the web member (13) on the chord, and weld the two ends of the web member (13) to the chord respectively; The node ball is welded to the chord in a conventional manner.

8. A frame structure, characterized in that, The method for installing a steel structure cooling tower as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the frame structure comprises: Six chord brackets (22) are evenly distributed on the three sides of the isosceles triangle, two on each side, to support the outer chord (11) and the inner chord (12). Six nodal ball support columns (21) are evenly arranged at the three vertices of the isosceles triangle, of which three of the nodal ball support columns (21) are used to support the outer chord nodal ball (15) and the other three are used to support the inner chord nodal ball (16).

9. The tire frame structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The chord bracket (22) includes: Bracket base (221); Side column (222) is vertically mounted on bracket base (221); The first corbel (224) and the second corbel (226) are horizontally and spaced apart on the side column (222) and are used to support the outer chord (11) and the inner chord (12) respectively. A chord support (227) is disposed above the first corbel (224) and the second corbel (226), and the chord support (227) has an arc-shaped support surface for adapting to the curvature of the outer chord (11) and the inner chord (12).

10. The tire frame structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: The vertical adjustment component (229) is adapted to movably connect the first bracket (224) and the second bracket (226) to the side column (222) respectively, so as to adjust the height of the first bracket (224) and the second bracket (226); The lateral adjustment member (228) is adapted to movably connect the chord support (227) to the first corbel (224) and the second corbel (226) respectively, so as to adjust the lateral position of the chord support (227).

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