Double-station magnetorheological polishing device capable of achieving magnetorheological fluid circulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of magneto-rheological polishing, and discloses a double-station magneto-rheological polishing device capable of achieving magneto-rheological fluid circulation and a polishing method.The double-station magneto-rheological polishing device comprises a device shell assembly used for supporting and protecting all systems of the device; the XYZ three-axis movement system is used for controlling the machining track of the polishing wheel and adjusting the machining gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel; the workpiece clamping movement system is used for fixing a workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate, and comprises a plane station and a curved surface station; the polishing wheel rotating system is used for controlling the polishing wheel to rotate and forming a polishing belt to polish the workpiece; the magnetorheological fluid circulating system is used for supplying and scraping magnetorheological fluid so as to realize cyclic utilization of the magnetorheological fluid in the system; and the control system comprehensively controls the operation of each system of the device. According to the polishing method, recovery and cyclic utilization of the magnetorheological fluid can be achieved, self-sharpening and updating of the abrasive particles are promoted, the labor and material cost is remarkably reduced, meanwhile, the polishing method can be suitable for polishing machining of different types of workpieces, and the machining efficiency and adaptability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of magnetorheological polishing, and in particular to the design of a dual-station magnetorheological polishing device capable of realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of precision manufacturing technology, the requirements for the surface quality of parts in aerospace, optical components, semiconductors and precision instruments are increasing, especially the requirements for the shape accuracy of the workpiece surface and the control of subsurface damage. Traditional mechanical polishing methods usually use rigid polishing tools and fixed abrasives. During the processing, problems such as contact stress concentration, rapid tool wear and poor processing consistency are easy to occur, making it difficult to meet the processing requirements of high precision and high stability. Magnetorheological polishing technology utilizes the characteristic of controllable change of rheological properties of magnetorheological polishing fluid under the action of magnetic field to form a flexible polishing area on the workpiece surface, realizing the removal of small amounts of material. This technology is applied to the surface treatment of optical components, hard and brittle materials and high precision parts. It has the advantages of controllable polishing pressure, high processing stability and strong adaptability to workpiece shape. Existing magnetorheological polishing devices still have certain shortcomings in practical applications. The specific problems are as follows: (1) In the existing polishing process, the magnetorheological polishing fluid used is mostly used for single use, lacking an effective recycling and reuse mechanism, resulting in a large consumption of magnetorheological fluid, which in turn increases labor and material costs, which is not conducive to large-scale and long-term stable application. (2) During the polishing process, the abrasive particles in the magnetorheological polishing fluid are difficult to achieve effective self-sharpening and renewal. As the processing time increases, the abrasive removal capacity gradually decreases, which can easily cause unstable material removal rate and thus affect the processing accuracy and surface quality consistency of the workpiece. (3) Most existing magnetorheological polishing devices adopt a single processing station structure, which is relatively limited in the processing surface type and workpiece type. They can usually only process workpieces with specific surface types, which is difficult to meet the processing needs of multi-station, multi-surface or multi-variety workpieces, thus limiting their application range and processing flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-station magnetorheological polishing device that enables the circulation of magnetorheological fluid, thereby solving the problems of existing magnetorheological polishing devices, such as the inability to recycle magnetorheological fluid, the inability of abrasive particles to self-sharpen and renew, and the single processing station structure.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a dual-station magnetorheological polishing device capable of circulating magnetorheological fluid, characterized in that it comprises: a device housing assembly for supporting and protecting the various systems of the device; an XYZ three-axis motion system for controlling the polishing wheel to achieve the required processing trajectory and adjusting the processing gap between the workpiece and the polishing head; a workpiece clamping motion system for fixing the workpiece, driving the workpiece to rotate, and causing the workpiece to rotate by an angle, including a planar station and a curved station, wherein the planar station performs processing by fixing the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate, while the curved station, based on the planar station, can effectively process workpieces with different curvatures by adjusting the angle; a polishing wheel rotation system for adjusting the rotational motion of the polishing wheel, utilizing the effect of the magnetic field on the magnetorheological fluid to form a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the polishing wheel, thereby generating a polishing belt to efficiently polish the surface of the workpiece; a magnetorheological fluid circulation system for supplying and scraping off the magnetorheological fluid, realizing the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid in the polishing wheel rotation system; and a control system for comprehensively controlling the operation of each system of the device.

[0005] Furthermore, the XYZ three-axis motion system includes an X-axis motion mechanism, a Y-axis motion mechanism, and a Z-axis motion mechanism. The XYZ three-axis motion system employs a transmission combination of guide rails and guide rods to ensure stable and precise transmission. The X-axis motion mechanism is fixed to the Y-axis transmission block via an X-axis base plate. The Y-axis motion mechanism is mounted on the frame support plate via a Y-axis base plate. The Z-axis motion mechanism is mounted on the frame support plate via an L-shaped support plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the X-axis motion mechanism includes an X-axis drive motor, an X-axis motor mounting bracket, an X-axis coupling, an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis guide rod, an X-axis sliding block, an X-axis moving plate, an X-axis sliding bearing, an X-axis limiting plate, an X-axis U-shaped fixing block, an X-axis bearing end cover, and an X-axis base plate; both ends of the X-axis motor mounting bracket are equipped with X-axis sliding bearings to ensure the stability of motor operation; the X-axis drive motor is concentrically fixed to the holes in the X-axis motor mounting bracket; the X-axis guide rod concentrically passes through the X-axis motor mounting bracket and is connected to the X-axis drive motor via the X-axis coupling to form a stable transmission structure; the X-axis U-shaped fixing block... The inner hole is also equipped with an X-axis sliding bearing, which is concentrically connected to the X-axis guide rod to ensure smooth sliding of the X-axis guide rod during operation. The X-axis bearing end cap is coaxially fixed to the inner hole of the X-axis U-shaped fixing block by bolts to prevent the bearing from slipping off. The X-axis motor mounting bracket, X-axis guide rail, and X-axis U-shaped fixing block are all mounted on the X-axis base plate, and the fixed base plate ensures the stability of the motion mechanism. X-axis limiting plates are respectively set at both ends of the X-axis guide rail to limit the maximum range of motion of the X-axis sliding block to prevent excessive displacement. The X-axis sliding block is connected to the X-axis moving plate by bolts to ensure that the X-axis sliding block can slide smoothly on the X-axis guide rail.

[0007] Furthermore, the Y-axis motion mechanism includes a Y-axis drive motor, a Y-axis motor mounting bracket, a Y-axis coupling, a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis guide rod, a Y-axis sliding block, a Y-axis sliding bearing, a Y-axis limit plate, a Y-axis U-shaped fixing block, a Y-axis bearing end cover, a Y-axis base plate, and feet. The Y-axis motor mounting bracket has Y-axis sliding bearings installed in the inner holes at both ends to ensure smooth operation of the Y-axis drive motor during operation. The Y-axis drive motor is fixed to the Y-axis motor mounting bracket and connected to the Y-axis guide rod via a Y-axis coupling. The Y-axis guide rod is fixed to the Y-axis motor mounting bracket and works in conjunction with the Y-axis guide rail to ensure the stability of Y-axis movement. The inner hole of the Y-axis U-shaped fixing block also has a Y-axis sliding bearing and is concentrically connected to the Y-axis guide rod to reduce mechanical wear. The Y-axis bearing end cap is coaxially fixed to the inner hole of the Y-axis U-shaped fixing block with bolts to prevent the bearing from slipping off. The Y-axis drive motor, Y-axis guide rail, and Y-axis U-shaped fixing block are all mounted on the Y-axis base plate. The Y-axis base plate provides mechanical strength through a bracket. Y-axis limiting plates are set at both ends of the Y-axis guide rail to limit the maximum range of motion of the Y-axis sliding block. The Y-axis sliding block cooperates with the Y-axis guide rod to ensure a precise motion trajectory. The Y-axis sliding block is connected to the X-axis base plate with bolts.

[0008] Furthermore, the Z-axis motion mechanism includes a Z-axis drive motor, a Z-axis motor mounting bracket, a Z-axis coupling, a Z-axis guide rail, a Z-axis guide rod, a Z-axis sliding block, a Z-axis moving plate, a Z-axis sliding bearing, a Z-axis limiting plate, a Z-axis bearing end cover, an L-shaped support plate, and a triangular support frame; both ends of the Z-axis motor mounting bracket are equipped with Z-axis sliding bearings; the Z-axis drive motor is fixed on the Z-axis motor mounting bracket and connected to the Z-axis guide rod via the Z-axis coupling; the Z-axis guide rod is fixed on the Z-axis motor mounting bracket and cooperates with the Z-axis guide rail to ensure the stability of the Z-axis motion; the Z-axis The inner hole of the limiting plate is equipped with a Z-axis sliding bearing, which is concentrically connected to the Z-axis guide rod to limit the maximum movement range of the Z-axis sliding block. The Z-axis bearing end cap is coaxially fixed to the inner hole of the Z-axis limiting plate by bolts to prevent the bearing from slipping off. The Z-axis guide rail and the triangular support frame are jointly mounted on the L-support plate, and the triangular support frame provides support for the L-support plate. The L-support plate provides a support platform. Z-axis limiting plates are respectively set at both ends of the Z-axis guide rail to ensure the smooth operation of the Z-axis sliding block. The Z-axis sliding block cooperates with the Z-axis guide rod to ensure that the Z-axis sliding block can slide precisely on the guide rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the workpiece clamping motion system includes a stepped axis drive motor, a C-axis drive motor, a stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket, a C-axis drive motor mounting bracket, a stepped axis, a C-axis, a stepped axis coupling, a C-axis coupling, a sliding bearing, a C-axis bearing end cap, a C-axis mounting bracket, a vacuum chuck mounting bracket, a vacuum chuck, and a trapezoidal mounting bracket; the stepped axis drive motor and the C-axis drive motor are respectively fixed on the stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket and the C-axis drive motor mounting bracket; the stepped axis and the C-axis are both fixed on the C-axis mounting bracket and connected to the stepped axis drive motor and the C-axis drive motor respectively via the stepped axis coupling and the C-axis coupling; the stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket and the C-axis drive motor mounting bracket... The inner holes of the motor mounting bracket are equipped with rolling bearings to reduce friction. The C-axis is concentrically fitted onto the inner hole of the trapezoidal mounting bracket, which is further fixed to the Z-axis moving plate. The vacuum chuck mounting bracket is connected to the vacuum chuck and both are concentrically fitted onto the stepped shaft. The vacuum chuck can clamp the workpiece through adsorption. The workpiece clamping motion system includes a planar station and a curved station, and can switch between the two, enabling polishing of both planar and curved workpieces. The workpiece clamping motion system is mounted on the Z-axis base plate via the C-axis mounting bracket. The planar station uses a stepped shaft drive motor to rotate the stepped shaft, which in turn drives the vacuum chuck to rotate. The curved station uses a C-axis drive motor to rotate the C-axis by a certain angle, causing the vacuum chuck to tilt, thus enabling the processing of curved workpieces.

[0010] Further, the polishing wheel rotation system includes a polishing wheel, a fixed stepped shaft, a synchronous belt drive motor, a first synchronous belt pulley, a second synchronous belt pulley, a first rolling bearing, a second rolling bearing, a polishing wheel support, a drive motor mounting plate, and a synchronous belt; the polishing wheel includes an excitation mechanism, a polishing wheel housing, a polishing wheel housing cover, a bushing, and a bearing end cover; the excitation device includes two sector magnets, a magnetic yoke, and a baffle; the two sector magnets are disposed between the magnetic yoke and the baffle, and the baffle and the magnetic yoke are connected by countersunk bolts to limit the installation position of the sector magnets and form a gap between adjacent sector magnets; the excitation mechanism is mounted on the fixed stepped shaft by a round-headed flat key; the first rolling bearing is installed at the shoulder of the fixed stepped shaft. The system comprises a moving bearing and a second rolling bearing; a bushing connected to the polishing wheel housing cover and mounted on the first and second rolling bearings; a polishing wheel housing sleeved on the outside of the excitation mechanism and connected to the polishing wheel housing cover; a gap between the polishing wheel housing and the excitation mechanism, allowing the polishing wheel housing to rotate relative to the excitation mechanism while the excitation mechanism remains fixed, thus providing conditions for the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid; a bearing end cap mounted on the outer end of the bushing; a first synchronous pulley mounted on the bushing; a polishing wheel support fixed to a fixed stepped shaft; a synchronous pulley drive motor fixed on a drive motor mounting plate and connected to a second synchronous pulley; the first synchronous pulley, the second synchronous pulley, and the synchronous belt form a transmission system.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnetorheological fluid circulation system includes a circulation tank, a magnetorheological fluid container, a peristaltic pump, a supply pipe, and a stirrer. The circulation tank is located below the polishing wheel housing and is used to scrape off the magnetorheological fluid adhering to the surface of the polishing wheel housing and to receive the returning magnetorheological fluid. The supply pipe is connected to both the circulation tank and the peristaltic pump, allowing the magnetorheological fluid in the circulation tank to flow into the magnetorheological fluid container via the supply pipe. The magnetorheological fluid container is used to store the magnetorheological fluid. The stirrer is located above the magnetorheological fluid container and is used to stir the magnetorheological fluid to prevent the solid particles in the magnetorheological fluid from settling. The peristaltic pump delivers the magnetorheological fluid from the magnetorheological fluid container to the surface of the polishing wheel housing via the supply pipe, thereby achieving the circulation supply of the magnetorheological fluid.

[0012] The technical solution protected by this invention has the following advantages and positive effects: 1. This invention employs a magnetorheological fluid circulation system, which enables the recovery and reuse of the magnetorheological fluid, thereby significantly reducing material consumption and labor costs. 2. Through the continuous renewal and circulation of the magnetorheological fluid, the abrasive grains are constantly moving and self-sharpening, thus maintaining high grinding efficiency, ensuring the stability of workpiece machining accuracy, and effectively improving the surface quality of the workpiece. 3. This invention supports interchangeability between two workstations, can simultaneously adapt to the machining needs of workpieces with various surface shapes and sizes, has higher machining flexibility and a wide range of applications, and can meet the machining requirements of different fields. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device housing assembly of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the XYZ three-axis motion system of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the X-axis motion mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-motion mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the Z-motion mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece clamping motion system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing wheel rotation system of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing wheel of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetorheological fluid circulation system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two polishing stations of the present invention.

[0024] Legend: 1. Device housing assembly; 1101. Dust cover; 1102. Frame; 1103. Frame extension door; 1104. Dust cover extension door; 1105. Frame sealing plate; 1106. Dust cover sealing plate; 1107. Frame support plate; 2. XYZ three-axis motion system; 21. X-axis motion mechanism; 2101. X-axis drive motor; 2102. X-axis motor mounting bracket; 2103. X-axis coupling; 2104. X-axis guide rail; 2105. X-axis guide rod; 2106. X-axis bearing end cover; 2107. X-axis U-shaped fixing block; 2108. X-axis sliding bearing; 2109. X-axis base plate; 2110. X-axis moving plate; 2111. X-axis sliding block; 2112. X-axis limiting plate; 22. Y-axis motion Mechanism; 2201, Y-axis drive motor; 2202, Y-axis motor mounting bracket; 2203, Y-axis coupling; 2204, Y-axis guide rod; 2205, Y-axis sliding block; 2206, Y-axis base plate; 2207, Y-axis U-shaped fixing block; 2208, Y-axis bearing end cover; 2209, Y-axis sliding bearing; 2210, stand; 2211, Y-axis limiting plate; 2212, Y-axis guide rail; 23, Z-axis motion mechanism; 2301, Z-axis moving plate; 2302, Z-axis guide rod; 2303, Z-axis guide rail; 2304, Z-axis coupling; 2305, Z-axis drive motor; 2306, Z-axis motor mounting bracket; 2307, Z-axis limiting plate; 2308, Z-axis sliding block; 2309, Z-axis sliding bearing; 23 10. Z-axis bearing end cap; 2311. L-axis support plate; 2312. Triangular support frame; 3. Workpiece clamping motion system; 3101. Stepped axis drive motor; 3102. C-axis drive motor; 3103. Stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket; 3104. C-axis drive motor mounting bracket; 3105. Stepped axis; 3106. C-axis; 3107. Stepped axis coupling; 3108. C-axis coupling; 3109. Sliding bearing; 3110. C-axis bearing end cap; 3111. C-axis mounting bracket; 3112. Vacuum chuck mounting bracket; 3113. Vacuum chuck; 3114. Trapezoidal mounting bracket; 4. Polishing wheel rotation system; 41. Polishing wheel; 411. Excitation mechanism; 4111. Sector magnet; 4112. Magnetic yoke; 4113. Baffle; 4201. Fixed stepped shaft; 4202. Polishing wheel housing; 4203. Polishing wheel housing cover; 4204. Bushing; 4205. Bearing end cover; 4206. First rolling bearing; 4207. Second rolling bearing; 4208. Synchronous belt pulley drive motor; 4209. First synchronous belt pulley; 4210. Second synchronous belt pulley; 4211. Polishing wheel support; 4212. Drive motor mounting plate; 4213. Synchronous belt; 5. Magnetorheological fluid circulation system; 5101. Circulation tank; 5102. Magnetorheological fluid tank; 5103. Peristaltic pump; 5104. Supply pipe; 5105. Stirrer; 6. Control system; 6101. Main unit; 6102. Display screen; 6103. Control buttons;7101. Planar workpieces; 7102. Curved surface workpieces. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the advantages of the technical solution of the present invention, the following will further explain it in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments described are merely some examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the technical solution. Any other embodiments that can be implemented by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention without inventive effort should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a dual-station magnetorheological polishing device capable of circulating magnetorheological fluid is characterized by comprising: a device housing assembly 1 for supporting and protecting the various systems of the device; an XYZ three-axis motion system 2 for controlling the processing trajectory of the polishing wheel 41 and adjusting the processing gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel; a workpiece clamping motion system 3 for fixing the workpiece and driving its rotation, including a planar station and a curved station, wherein the planar station performs processing by fixing the workpiece and driving its rotation, while the curved station, based on the planar station, processes workpieces with different curvatures by adjusting the angle; a polishing wheel rotation system 4 for controlling the polishing wheel 41 to form a polishing belt to polish the workpiece; a magnetorheological fluid circulation system 5 for supplying and scraping off the magnetorheological fluid, realizing its recycling within the system; and a control system 6 for comprehensively controlling the operation of all systems of the device.

[0028] In this implementation, the control system 6 is programmed during operation to control the XYZ three-axis motion system 2 to reach a predetermined relative position. The workpiece clamping motion system 3 and the polishing wheel rotation system 4 are then activated. The workpiece clamping motion system 3 causes the workpiece to rotate, and the polishing wheel rotation system 4 begins operation. Magnetorheological fluid is supplied to the polishing wheel rotation system 4 through the magnetorheological fluid circulation system 5, and is subsequently recycled and renewed. This process achieves magnetorheological polishing of the workpiece, reaching the required machining accuracy.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the Z-axis motion mechanism 23 adopts a transmission combination of guide rails and guide rods; both ends of the Z-axis motor mounting bracket 2306 are equipped with Z-axis sliding bearings 2309 to ensure stable support and smooth movement of the Z-axis drive motor 2305; the Z-axis drive motor 2305 is fixed on the Z-axis motor mounting bracket 2306 and connected to the Z-axis guide rod 2302 through the Z-axis coupling 2304; the Z-axis guide rod 2302 is fixed on the Z-axis motor mounting bracket 2306 and cooperates with the Z-axis guide rail 2303; the inner hole of the Z-axis limiting plate 2307 is equipped with Z-axis sliding bearings 2309 and is concentrically connected to the Z-axis guide rod 2302 to limit the movement of the Z-axis motor. The maximum range of motion of the Z-axis sliding block 2308; the Z-axis bearing end cover 2310 is coaxially fixed to the inner hole of the Z-axis limiting plate 2307 by bolts to prevent the bearing from slipping off; the Z-axis guide rail 2303 and the triangular support frame 2312 are jointly installed on the L support plate 2311, the triangular support frame 2312 provides support for the L support plate 2311, and the L support plate 2311 provides a support platform; Z-axis limiting plates 2307 are respectively set at both ends of the Z-axis guide rail 2303 to further ensure the smooth operation of the Z-axis sliding block 2308; the Z-axis sliding block 2308 cooperates with the Z-axis guide rod 2302, and a workpiece clamping motion system 3 is installed on the other side. The stepped axis drive motor 3101 and the C-axis drive motor 3102 are respectively fixed on the stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket 3103 and the C-axis drive motor mounting bracket 3104; the stepped axis 3105 and the C-axis 3106 are both fixed on the C-axis mounting bracket 3111, and are connected to the stepped axis drive motor 3101 and the C-axis drive motor 3102 respectively through the stepped axis coupling 3107 and the C-axis coupling 3108; the inner holes of the stepped axis drive motor mounting bracket 3103 and the C-axis drive motor mounting bracket 3104 are equipped with rolling bearings 3109; the C-axis 3106 is concentrically fitted on the inner hole of the trapezoidal mounting bracket 3114, and the trapezoidal mounting bracket 3114 is further fixed on the Z-axis moving plate 2301; the vacuum suction cup mounting bracket 3112 is connected to the vacuum suction cup 3113, and they are concentrically fitted on the stepped axis 3105. The workpiece can be stably clamped by the adsorption effect of the vacuum suction cup 3113.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the unprocessed workpiece is a planar workpiece 7101, the control system 6101 precisely controls each moving component through programming instructions. Under the command of the control system 6101, the Z-axis drive motor 2305 drives the Z-axis guide rod 2302 to rotate, thereby pushing the Z-axis sliding block 2308 to achieve precise vertical movement. Furthermore, the Z-axis drives the sliding plate 2308 to perform stable vertical movement on the Z-axis guide rail 2303. This enables the workpiece clamping motion system 3 to move the workpiece. Under the control of the control system 6101, the stepped axis drive motor 3101 drives the vacuum chuck 3113 and the workpiece to rotate via the stepped axis 3105. The control system 6101 adjusts the internal air pressure of the vacuum chuck 3113 according to processing requirements to ensure that the unprocessed workpiece is firmly adhered. When the unprocessed workpiece is a curved surface workpiece 7102, after the flat workpiece 7101 is processed, the control system 6101 drives the C-axis 3106 to rotate to a set angle through the C-axis drive motor 3102, thereby causing the vacuum chuck 3113 and the workpiece to tilt, thus realizing the processing of the curved surface workpiece 7102.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, this device includes an X-axis motion mechanism 21 and a Y-axis motion mechanism 22, as well as a polishing wheel rotation system 4. The X-axis drive motor 2101 is concentrically fixed to the X-axis motor mounting bracket 2102, and the X-axis guide rod 2105 is connected to the X-axis drive motor 2101 via an X-axis coupling 2103. An X-axis sliding bearing 2108 is provided in the inner hole of the X-axis U-shaped fixing block 2107 and concentrically engages with the X-axis guide rod 2105 to ensure smooth sliding of the X-axis guide rod 2105 and maintain positioning accuracy. X-axis limiting plates 212 are located at both ends of the X-axis guide rail 2104 to limit the movement range of the X-axis sliding block 2111; the X-axis sliding block 2111 is bolted to the X-axis base plate 2109 to ensure stable sliding on the guide rail 2104. Similarly, the Y-axis drive motor 2201 is fixed on the Y-axis motor mounting bracket 2202, and the Y-axis guide rod 2204 and the Y-axis guide rail 2212 work together to ensure the stability of the Y-axis movement. The Y-axis sliding block 2205 cooperates with the Y-axis guide rod 2204 and is connected to the Y-axis base plate 2206 by bolts, while its range of motion is limited by the Y-axis limiting plate 2211. The polishing wheel rotation system 4 is assembled through the X-axis moving plate 2110, and the sector magnet 4111 and the excitation mechanism 411 are installed between the polishing wheel housing 4202 and the magnetic yoke 4112. The excitation mechanism 411 is installed on the fixed stepped shaft 4201 by a round-headed flat key, and the bushing 4204 is connected to the polishing wheel housing 4202, so that the polishing wheel housing 4202 can rotate independently relative to the excitation mechanism 411, thereby providing conditions for the recycling of magnetorheological fluid. A circulation tank 5101 is located below the polishing wheel housing 4202 to scrape off and recover the adhering magnetorheological fluid; a supply pipe 5104 is connected to a peristaltic pump 5103 to deliver the magnetorheological fluid to the surface of the polishing wheel housing 4202. The magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid tank 5102 is kept uniformly dispersed by a stirrer 5105, and the peristaltic pump 5103 realizes the circulation and delivery of the magnetorheological fluid, thereby ensuring the continuity of the polishing process and processing efficiency.

[0032] In this embodiment, the control system 6 is responsible for the precise programming and coordinated control of each moving component. The Y-axis drive motor 2201, according to the instructions of the control system 6, drives the Y-axis guide rod 2204 to rotate, thereby pushing the Y-axis sliding block 2205 to achieve precise movement, and further driving the X-axis base plate 2109 to achieve stable movement on the Y-axis guide rail 2212. Similarly, the X-axis drive motor 2101, under the instructions of the control system 6, drives the X-axis guide rod 2105 to rotate, pushing the X-axis moving plate 2110 to achieve precise movement, and through this movement, drives the polishing wheel rotation system 4 to move stably in the horizontal plane. The XY-axis motion mechanisms 21 and 22, under the coordination of the control system 6, can achieve trajectory control of the polishing wheel rotation system 4 in the XY plane. The synchronous belt drive motor 4208 drives the first synchronous belt pulley 4209 and the second synchronous belt pulley 4210 to rotate via the synchronous belt 4213, and transmits the generated power to the bushing 4204, thereby driving the polishing wheel housing 4202 to rotate. To enable independent rotation of the polishing wheel housing 4202, the excitation mechanism 411 is fixed to the fixed stepped shaft 4201, which is bolted to the polishing wheel support 4211, keeping the excitation mechanism 411 stationary while allowing the polishing wheel housing 4202 to rotate freely. As the polishing wheel housing 4202 rotates, the magnetic field strength in the area away from the sector magnet 4111 decreases significantly, thus weakening the magnetic force on the magnetorheological fluid 5102 and facilitating its shedding and recovery. During the rotation of the polishing wheel housing 4202, the circulation tank 5101 effectively removes the magnetorheological fluid 5102 adhering to its surface and collects any scraped liquid. The magnetorheological fluid 5102 flows back to the magnetorheological fluid tank 5102 via the supply pipe 5104, where a stirrer 5105 agitates the fluid to maintain its homogeneity. The peristaltic pump 5103 then transports the magnetorheological fluid 5102 back to the surface of the polishing wheel housing 4202 through the supply pipe 5104, thereby completing the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid 5102.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] This embodiment proposes a wheel-type magnetorheological polishing method that enables magnetorheological fluid circulation. It employs the wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device with magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in Embodiment 1. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Start the wheel-type magnetorheological polishing device with magnetorheological fluid circulation, turn on the power supply and control system 6, and open the frame extension door 1103 and the dust cover extension door 1104 to prepare the equipment for operation. Step 2: Program the control system 6 to drive the compressed air below the vacuum chuck 3113 to clamp the unprocessed workpiece and drive the XYZ three-axis motion system 2. Precisely control the positional relationship between the polishing wheel rotation system 4 and the workpiece clamping motion system 3 to adjust the processing gap between the workpiece and the polishing head. Step 3: When the unprocessed workpiece is a planar workpiece 7101, the control system 6 causes the stepped shaft drive motor 3101 to transmit power to the stepped shaft 3105, thereby driving the vacuum chuck 3113 and the unprocessed workpiece to rotate. The synchronous belt drive motor 4208 drives the first synchronous belt pulley 4209 and the second synchronous belt pulley 4210 to rotate via the synchronous belt 4213, and transmits power to the bushing 4204, thereby driving the polishing wheel housing 4202 to rotate. When the unprocessed workpiece is a curved workpiece 7102, based on the above, the C-axis drive motor 3102 transmits power to the C-axis 3106 to rotate at a set angle, causing the vacuum chuck 3113 and the workpiece to tilt, thereby realizing the processing of the curved workpiece 7102. At this time, magnetorheological fluid is added to the magnetorheological fluid tank 5102, and the magnetorheological fluid is transported to the surface of the polishing wheel housing 4202 via the peristaltic pump 5103 and the supply pipe 5104. Under the influence of the magnetic field generated by the sector magnet 4111 and the excitation mechanism 411, carbonyl iron particles in the magnetorheological fluid aggregate along the magnetic field direction to form a magnetic chain structure, and further distribute in a cluster. Under the influence of the magnetic field gradient, the magnetorheological fluid solidifies and forms a near-solid polishing belt. Magnetorheological polishing of the workpiece is achieved through the relative differential motion between the workpiece and the polishing belt. Step 4: During the rotation of the polishing wheel housing 4202, the circulation tank 5101 scrapes off the magnetorheological fluid adhering to the surface of the polishing wheel housing 4202 and collects the returned magnetorheological fluid. The stirrer 5105 is started to stir the recovered magnetorheological fluid to prevent the carbonyl iron particles and abrasive grains from settling. To ensure the polishing effect, an appropriate amount of abrasive grains are added to the recovered fluid to compensate for the abrasive grain consumption during the polishing process. Step 5: After the workpiece is processed, the control system 6 shuts down all systems and stops the device operation. The processed workpiece is removed, completing one processing cycle.

Claims

1. A dual-station magnetorheological polishing device capable of realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly is used to support and protect the various systems of the device; The XYZ three-axis motion system controls the polishing wheel to achieve the required machining trajectory and adjusts the machining gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel. The workpiece clamping motion system is used to fix the workpiece, drive the workpiece to rotate, and adjust the workpiece rotation angle. It includes planar stations and curved station. The planar station performs machining by fixing the workpiece and driving it to rotate, while the curved station can effectively process workpieces with different curvatures by adjusting the angle based on the planar station. The polishing wheel rotation system is used to adjust the rotational motion of the polishing wheel. It uses the effect of the magnetic field on the magnetorheological fluid to form a gradient magnetic field on the surface of the polishing wheel, thereby generating a polishing belt to efficiently polish the workpiece surface. The magnetorheological fluid circulation system is used to supply and recover the magnetorheological fluid, realizing the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid in the polishing wheel rotation system; the control system comprehensively controls the operation of each system in the device.

2. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device housing assembly includes a frame, a frame extension door, a frame sealing plate, a dust cover, a dust cover extension door, a dust cover sealing plate, and a frame support plate. A dust cover is installed on the top of the frame; inside the dust cover are an XYZ three-axis motion system, a workpiece clamping motion system, and a polishing wheel rotation system. The polishing wheel workpiece clamping motion system and the polishing wheel rotation system are fixed to the XYZ three-axis motion system. The frame also houses a control unit and a magnetorheological fluid circulation system.

3. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The XYZ three-axis motion system includes an X-axis motion mechanism, a Y-axis motion mechanism, and a Z-axis motion mechanism. The XYZ three-axis motion system employs a transmission combination of guide rails and guide rods to ensure stable and precise transmission. The X-axis motion mechanism is fixed to the Y-axis sliding block of the Y-axis motion mechanism via an X-axis base plate. The Y-axis motion mechanism is mounted on the frame support plate via a bracket. The Z-axis motion mechanism is mounted on the frame support plate via an L-shaped support plate.

4. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece clamping motion system includes a planar station and a curved surface station, and can switch between the two, enabling polishing of both planar and curved workpieces. The workpiece clamping motion system is mounted on a Z-axis sliding plate via a trapezoidal mounting bracket. The planar station uses a stepped-axis drive motor to rotate the stepped axis, which in turn drives the vacuum chuck to rotate. The curved surface station, based on the planar station, uses a C-axis drive motor to rotate the C-axis by a certain angle, tilting the vacuum chuck and thus enabling the processing of curved workpieces.

5. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polishing wheel rotation system includes a polishing wheel, a fixed stepped shaft, a synchronous belt drive motor, a first synchronous belt pulley, a second synchronous belt pulley, a first rolling bearing, a second rolling bearing, a polishing wheel support, a drive motor mounting plate, and a synchronous belt. The polishing wheel includes an excitation mechanism, a polishing wheel housing, a polishing wheel housing cover, a bushing, and a bearing end cover. The excitation mechanism is mounted on the fixed stepped shaft via a round-headed flat key. The first and second rolling bearings are respectively mounted on the shoulders of the fixed stepped shaft. The bushing is connected to the polishing wheel housing cover and is mounted on the outer diameter of the first and second rolling bearings. The polishing wheel housing is sleeved on the outside of the excitation mechanism and connected to the polishing wheel housing cover. A gap is provided between the polishing wheel housing and the excitation mechanism, allowing the polishing wheel housing to rotate relative to the excitation mechanism while the excitation mechanism remains fixed, thereby providing conditions for the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid.

6. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The excitation device includes two sector magnets, a magnetic yoke, and a baffle. The two sector magnets are positioned between the magnetic yoke and the baffle, which are connected to the magnetic yoke by countersunk bolts to define the installation position of the sector magnets and create gaps between adjacent sector magnets. The magnetic yoke guides the distribution of magnetic lines of force, enabling the sector magnets to form a gradient magnetic field within the polishing area. Under the influence of the gradient magnetic field, magnetic particles in the magnetorheological fluid aggregate along the magnetic field direction to form magnetic chain structures and are distributed in clusters. The sector magnets enable the magnetorheological fluid to form a stable polishing band within the corresponding magnetic field area, and the stability of the magnetorheological fluid gradually decreases with increasing distance from the sector magnets, thereby facilitating the detachment of the magnetorheological fluid from the polishing wheel shell surface and enabling its recovery.

7. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetorheological fluid circulation system includes a circulation tank, a magnetorheological fluid container, a peristaltic pump, a supply pipe, and a stirrer. The circulation tank is located below the polishing wheel housing and is used to scrape off the magnetorheological fluid adhering to the surface of the polishing wheel housing and to collect the returning magnetorheological fluid. The supply pipe is connected to both the circulation tank and the peristaltic pump, allowing the magnetorheological fluid in the circulation tank to flow into the magnetorheological fluid container via the supply pipe. The magnetorheological fluid container is used to store the magnetorheological fluid. The stirrer is located above the magnetorheological fluid container and is used to stir the magnetorheological fluid to prevent the solid particles in the magnetorheological fluid from settling. The peristaltic pump delivers the magnetorheological fluid from the magnetorheological fluid container to the surface of the polishing wheel housing via the supply pipe, thereby achieving the circulation supply of the magnetorheological fluid.

8. The dual-station magnetorheological polishing device for realizing magnetorheological fluid circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a main unit, a display screen, and control buttons. The main unit is mounted on a frame support plate and is used to control the working status of each actuator in the device. The control buttons are located on the display screen and are used to input control commands for the entire machine. The display screen is located on the right side of the dust cover and is used to display the device's operating parameters and processing data.

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