Preparation and hydrogenation integrated cabin and preparation and hydrogenation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production and hydrogenation equipment, and particularly discloses a hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated cabin and a hydrogen production and hydrogenation method.The hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated cabin comprises a hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated system and an auxiliary integrated system.The hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated system comprises a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen compression system, a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogenation system, the auxiliary integrated system comprises a rectifier cabinet, a control cabinet, a driving gas supply system, a pure water system and a safety fire extinguishing system; the hydrogen compression system comprises a plurality of gas-driven piston pumps and a central pneumatic unit providing a driving gas source, and each gas-driven piston pump is provided with an independent gas inlet valve, an independent exhaust valve and an independent pressure sensor. The problems that the compression energy efficiency is low and the stability is insufficient due to the fact that a single fixed-displacement compressor is adopted in traditional hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated cabin equipment are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen production and refueling equipment technology, and specifically discloses an integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber and a hydrogen production and refueling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen fuel cell technology is increasingly being applied in diverse mobile and stationary scenarios, including passenger cars, commercial forklifts, industrial park commuter vehicles, special vehicles, drones, and even solid-state hydrogen storage bicycles. This requires front-end hydrogen production and refueling facilities to be flexible and efficient in adapting to the specific needs of different application scenarios regarding hydrogen pressure, purity, and refueling procedures. Currently, proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has become one of the common on-site hydrogen production technologies due to its advantages such as fast reaction speed and high hydrogen purity.

[0003] However, existing hydrogen production and refueling equipment that integrates PEM electrolysis hydrogen production technology with refueling functions still has many technical shortcomings that urgently need to be addressed, specifically in the following aspects: Firstly, the equipment has low integration, large space occupation, and poor deployment flexibility. Current hydrogen production and refueling equipment typically uses electrolyzers, purification systems, compression systems, hydrogen storage units, and refueling machines as simple, independent modules. This loose structure results in a large footprint and complex piping connections, which not only increases initial construction costs but also limits its deployment and application in urban areas with limited land resources, in the renovation of existing gas stations, or in small industrial and commercial sites.

[0004] Secondly, the compression efficiency is low, resulting in high overall system energy consumption and insufficient stability. Currently, a single, fixed-displacement compressor is commonly used to process the low-pressure hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer. The compressor requires a large amount of electrical energy to overcome the compression process starting from extremely low inlet pressure, leading to a low overall system energy efficiency ratio. Furthermore, the continuous high-load operation of a single compressor also exacerbates the wear of key components, reducing the long-term operational reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0005] Third, the hydrogen refueling process suffers from low levels of intelligence, relying heavily on human experience and lacking universality and safety. Currently, hydrogen refueling largely depends on operator experience for control and judgment, lacking a model-based intelligent control system. Different hydrogen-using devices have vastly different parameters such as storage tank volume, target pressure, and permissible refueling rate, making it difficult for existing refueling strategies to adaptively adjust the refueling curve. This can lead not only to inefficient refueling, insufficient refueling, or over-refueling causing safety risks, but also to unnecessary thermal stress damage to the hydrogen storage container during frequent rapid refueling, affecting its service life.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the above, the present invention provides an integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber and a hydrogen production and refueling method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of low compression efficiency and insufficient stability caused by the use of a single fixed displacement compressor in traditional integrated hydrogen production and refueling equipment.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the basic solution of the present invention provides a hydrogen production and refueling integrated chamber, including a hydrogen production and refueling integrated system and an auxiliary integrated system. The hydrogen production and refueling integrated system includes a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen compression system, a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen refueling system connected in sequence. The auxiliary integrated system includes a rectifier cabinet, a control cabinet, a driving gas supply system, a pure water system and a safety and fire protection system. The hydrogen compression system includes several gas-driven piston pumps and a central pneumatic unit that provides the driving gas source. Each of the gas-driven piston pumps is equipped with an independent intake valve, exhaust valve, and pressure sensor.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydrogen compression system employs a flow demand-based control strategy to control each gas-driven piston pump. Real-time pressure, flow rate, and temperature are used as state inputs, and the system outputs the optimal pump combination. The objective function is: In the formula, Energy consumption (kWh) of the i-th pump; : Pump switching frequency penalty term; λ: Weighting coefficient; When the demand flow rate exceeds the outlet flow rate, the additional pump set is activated; The expression for the pump set output model is as follows: In the formula, Total flow rate (kg / s); This represents the start / stop status of the i-th pump; This is the pump's rated flow rate; Let P be the efficiency function; P and T be the pressure and temperature, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage system includes a low-pressure cylinder group and a high-pressure cylinder group. The low-pressure cylinder group and the high-pressure cylinder group each include several hydrogen storage cylinders connected in series. The low-pressure cylinder group and the high-pressure cylinder group are switched and controlled by a valve group to meet the refueling needs under different conditions.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a Venturi tube that can adsorb low-pressure gases and a pressure relief device for depressurizing the hydrogen filling pipeline.

[0012] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a hydrogen refueling method, including hydrogen refueling using the above-mentioned integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the steps for hydrogen refueling using the aforementioned integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber are as follows: Step S1: Inject ultrapure water into the hydrogen production system and electrolyze it to generate hydrogen gas; In step S2, the produced hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen compression system and cooled by the cooler before entering the hydrogen storage system. Step S3: Use the hydrogen refueling system to add the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system to the hydrogen-using equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, a control strategy based on flow demand control is used to control the operation of the hydrogen compression system.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the data measured by the back-end pressure sensor controls the regulating valve to achieve the curve change of the injection, and the injection is carried out in segments.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the segmented refueling status is controlled using an integrated hydrogen storage and refueling system model. The expression for the integrated hydrogen storage and refueling system model is as follows: The equations of state and thermodynamic relations serve as algebraic constraints, expressed as follows: in, =V / m is the specific volume, where V is the cylinder volume (a constant). For pressure, Let a and b represent temperatures, and α represent the parameters of the Peng-Robinson equation. This is the specific heat capacity at constant volume.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder hydrogen refueling process model based on temperature rise mechanism is used to control the segmented refueling state. The differential equation for the temperature rise mechanism is expressed as follows: In the formula, To reduce temperature rise, This is the Joule-Thomson effect. For wall heat exchange, For inflow mixing, The compression temperature rise coefficient, The Joule-Thomson effect coefficient; The expression for the hydrogen filling process model of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders based on temperature rise mechanism is as follows: In the formula, This represents the mass of hydrogen gas in the cylinder, expressed in kg. Temperature of hydrogen gas inside the cylinder, in K; Temperature of the gas cylinder wall, in Kelvin (K). The pressure inside the gas cylinder is expressed in Pa. In the state of being filled, the unit is %.

[0018] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: This invention highly integrates the hydrogen production and refueling system and the auxiliary system, reducing the footprint of the entire hydrogen production and refueling equipment. The pipeline connections are more compact, significantly reducing the overall space requirements and making it more suitable for the miniaturization and compact development of hydrogen production and refueling equipment.

[0019] This invention can dynamically determine the number and operating frequency of pumps based on real-time hydrogen demand and the pressure status of the hydrogen storage tank group, so that each gas-driven pump works as close as possible to its highest efficiency point, avoiding energy waste. At the same time, it adopts a control strategy based on flow demand control, so that the compressor system always operates in the high-efficiency range, significantly reducing the energy consumption per unit of hydrogen compression. In the event of a single pump failure, the system can automatically degrade its operation without affecting the overall function, achieving fault softening and improving system availability.

[0020] This invention establishes a hydrogen refueling process model for high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders based on temperature rise mechanism regulation. It dynamically and predictively controls the refueling process, maximizing refueling efficiency while ensuring safety, and achieving temperature-guided intelligent refueling. Furthermore, it effectively prevents material performance degradation, prevents hydrogen leakage, and establishes safety boundaries. This results in a safer, more efficient, and longer-lasting integrated hydrogen storage and refueling system, making it more commercially viable.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this invention overcomes the technical difficulties of current hydrogen production and refueling equipment, such as low integration, large space occupation, poor deployment flexibility, low compression energy efficiency, high overall system energy consumption and insufficient stability, low level of intelligence in the refueling process, reliance on manual experience, and lack of universality and safety. It is suitable for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 2A schematic diagram of a hydrogen compression system in an integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber, as proposed in an embodiment of this application, is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage system in an integrated hydrogen production and refueling chamber, as proposed in an embodiment of this application, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0025] A hydrogen production and refueling integrated cabin, implementing, for example Figure 1 As shown: It includes a hydrogen production and refueling integrated system and an auxiliary integrated system. The hydrogen production and refueling integrated system includes a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen compression system, a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen refueling system connected in sequence. The auxiliary integrated system includes a rectifier cabinet, a control cabinet, a driving gas supply system, a pure water system and a safety and fire protection system, which provide necessary power, control and protection support for each component of the hydrogen production and refueling integrated system.

[0026] The hydrogen production system is an electrolyzer based on the principle of water electrolysis. Under the action of direct current, it directly decomposes high-purity water into high-purity hydrogen and oxygen. Its essence is the electrochemical decomposition of water, which occurs on the membrane electrodes inside the electrolyzer under the drive of direct current. Anode: Water molecules lose electrons under the action of a catalyst, decomposing into oxygen and protons; oxygen, as a byproduct, is safely discharged outdoors or collected for use. Proton exchange membrane: Only protons generated at the anode are allowed to pass through it to the cathode, while electrons are blocked by the membrane; Cathode: Protons passing through the membrane combine with electrons flowing from the external circuit to generate hydrogen gas.

[0027] The hydrogen compression system compresses the purified low-pressure hydrogen to the high pressure required by the hydrogen storage tank. In this embodiment, for example... Figure 2 As shown, multiple small gas-driven piston pumps are connected in parallel to replace a single large mechanical compressor. Specifically, multiple gas-driven pumps of the same specifications are used, each equipped with an independent inlet valve, outlet valve, and pressure sensor, and driven by a central pneumatic unit. The number of pumps started and their operating frequency are dynamically determined based on real-time hydrogen refueling demand and the pressure status of the hydrogen storage tank group, so that each gas-driven pump operates as close as possible to its highest efficiency point, avoiding energy waste.

[0028] The hydrogen compression system employs a flow demand-based control strategy, using real-time pressure, flow rate, and temperature as state inputs, and outputting the optimal pump combination. The objective function is: In the formula, Energy consumption (kWh) of the i-th pump; : Pump switching frequency penalty term; λ: Weighting coefficient.

[0029] When the demand flow rate exceeds the outlet flow rate, activate the additional pump set.

[0030] The expression for the pump set output model is as follows: In the formula, Total flow rate (kg / s); This represents the start / stop status of the i-th pump; This is the pump's rated flow rate; Let P be the efficiency function; P and T be the pressure and temperature, respectively.

[0031] By employing the above control strategy based on flow demand control, the compressor system is always operated in the high-efficiency zone, significantly reducing the energy consumption per unit of hydrogen compression. Furthermore, in the event of a single pump failure, the system can automatically degrade its operation without affecting the overall function, thus achieving fault softening and improving system availability.

[0032] After being compressed and cooled by a cooler, the high-pressure hydrogen gas enters a hydrogen storage system for storage, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in the hydrogen storage system, the hydrogen storage cylinder group is divided into a low-pressure cylinder group and a high-pressure cylinder group. Each of the low-pressure cylinder group and the high-pressure cylinder group uses two hydrogen storage cylinders connected in series. The valve group is used to switch and control the filling needs under different conditions. The pressure relief device is used to relieve pressure on the common pipeline. At the same time, the venturi tube is used to generate negative pressure to draw low-pressure gas, converting the originally wasted throttling energy into a secondary pressurization power source.

[0033] The hydrogenation system automatically switches pipelines by controlling the acquisition of temperature or pressure data within the cylinder. During refueling, data measured by a back-end pressure sensor controls the regulating valve to achieve a refueling curve, enabling segmented refueling. Specifically, the segmented refueling process includes: initial charging (maximum temperature rise rate less than 2.5℃ / min, refueling rate 0.8-1.2 kg / min, using high-efficiency spray cooling); intermediate plateau phase (maximum temperature rise rate less than 1.0℃ / min, refueling rate 1.5-2.0 kg / min, using pulse cooling); and final equilibrium phase (maximum temperature rise rate less than 0.5℃ / min, refueling rate less than 0.5 kg / min, using constant-temperature bath immersion cooling). This effectively reduces refueling time and minimizes the temperature difference between the cylinder walls.

[0034] The multi-level refueling control strategy is as follows: Multiple objectives are optimized, including refueling time, energy consumption, and SOC, with the pressure switching point S as the optimization variable. w and pre-cooling temperature T cool .

[0035] The filling status expression is as follows: In the formula, The mass of hydrogen gas after refueling (kg); The hydrogen density (kg / m³) under reference conditions (288 K, 35 MPa) 3 ); The volume of the gas cylinder (m³) 3 ).

[0036] The multi-objective optimization function is: The constraints are: in, The refueling time is in seconds. The energy consumption for precooling is (J).

[0037] This embodiment also establishes an integrated hydrogen storage and refueling system model, as follows: the hydrogen storage cylinder is regarded as a control volume, the hydrogen state inside the cylinder is uniform, that is, the state of each point inside the cylinder is the same at the same time, the hydrogen is considered to be a real gas, the Peng-Robinson equation of state is used, and the cylinder exchanges heat with the outside world.

[0038] The equation for the conservation of mass is expressed as follows: In the formula, The mass of hydrogen gas in the bottle, This is the mass flow rate entering the bottle.

[0039] The energy conservation equation is expressed as follows: In the formula, Let be the specific internal energy of the hydrogen gas inside the bottle. The specific enthalpy of the hydrogen gas entering the bottle. The negative sign represents the rate of heat exchange between the bottle wall and the outside environment, and the amount of heat dissipated to the outside.

[0040] The state equation is expressed as follows: in, =V / m is the specific volume, where V is the cylinder volume (a constant). For pressure, Let a be the temperature, b be the parameter of the Peng-Robinson equation, and α be the parameter of the temperature.

[0041] Internal energy Specific enthalpy h can be calculated using the equation of state and specific heat capacity data. For real gases, we have: Since u is a function of T and v, and v = V / m, u is also a function of T and m. Therefore, du / dt can be expanded as: and but In the formula, For a real gas, the specific heat capacity at constant volume is... Specific heat capacity at constant volume of ideal gas The relationship is: By directly solving the system of differential-algebraic equations using numerical methods, the expression for the integrated hydrogen storage and refueling system model is as follows: The equation of state and thermodynamic relations serve as algebraic constraints.

[0042] The temperature rise mechanism during hydrogen refueling directly affects the safety, efficiency, lifespan, and commercialization of hydrogen storage and refueling systems. Studying this mechanism is crucial for mitigating system risks during hydrogen refueling, preventing material degradation, preventing hydrogen leakage, and establishing safety boundaries. Furthermore, by leveraging feedback from the temperature rise mechanism, it's possible to pursue optimal refueling performance while ensuring safety, such as achieving rapid refueling, increasing refueling rates, and supporting multi-stage refueling technologies.

[0043] In this embodiment, the differential equation for the temperature rise mechanism is expressed as follows: In the formula, To reduce temperature rise, This is the Joule-Thomson effect. For wall heat exchange, For inflow mixing, The compression temperature rise coefficient, This represents the Joule-Thomson effect coefficient.

[0044] The corrected state equation expression is as follows: in, It is the critical temperature; The critical pressure; It is the eccentricity factor.

[0045] The thermodynamic properties are expressed as follows: Internal energy: Enthalpy: Specific heat capacity at constant pressure: The temperature constraint condition for the control strategy based on the temperature rise mechanism is as follows: The maximum allowable temperature of the material. These are safe temperature limits.

[0046] The optimal refueling flow control is: Temperature rise sensitivity: Multi-level refueling switching conditions: To switch the temperature threshold.

[0047] The model expression for the hydrogen filling process of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders based on temperature rise mechanism is as follows: In the formula, The mass of hydrogen gas in the cylinder (kg); The temperature of the hydrogen gas inside the cylinder (K); The temperature of the gas cylinder wall (K); The pressure inside the gas cylinder (Pa); The state of being filled (%).

[0048] This allows for dynamic and predictive control of the refueling process, maximizing refueling efficiency while ensuring safety, and achieving temperature-guided intelligent refueling.

[0049] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also discloses a method for producing and adding hydrogen, including using the integrated hydrogen production and addition chamber of the above embodiments to produce and add hydrogen, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1: Inject ultrapure water into the electrolytic cell. Apply DC power to the PEM electrolytic cell using a rectifier power supply. The electrolysis reaction begins, generating hydrogen on the cathode side and oxygen on the anode side. The oxygen is then treated before being discharged or recycled.

[0050] In step S2, the produced hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen compression system and cooled by the cooler before entering the hydrogen storage system. During this process, the hydrogen compression system adopts a control strategy based on flow demand control, which ensures that the compressor system always operates in the high-efficiency range, significantly reducing the energy consumption per unit of hydrogen compression. In addition, when a single pump fails, the system can automatically degrade its operation without affecting the overall function, thus achieving fault softening and improving system availability.

[0051] Step S3: The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system is added in stages under the control of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder hydrogen refueling process model regulated by a temperature rise mechanism. This model predictively controls the refueling process, maximizing refueling efficiency while ensuring safety, thus achieving temperature-guided intelligent refueling. Valve group switching control is employed to meet different refueling needs, while a venturi tube generates negative pressure to draw in low-pressure gas, converting previously wasted energy into a secondary pressurization power source.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any indirect modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production and refueling integrated chamber, characterized in that: The integrated system comprises a hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated system and an auxiliary integrated system, the hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated system comprises a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen compression system, a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogenation system connected in sequence, and the auxiliary integrated system comprises a rectifier cabinet, a control cabinet, a driving gas supply system, a pure water system and a safety and fire-fighting system. The hydrogen compression system comprises a plurality of gas-driven piston pumps and a central pneumatic unit providing a driving gas source, each of the gas-driven piston pumps is provided with an independent air inlet valve, an air outlet valve and a pressure sensor.

2. The integrated hydrogen production and storage cabin according to claim 1, wherein, The hydrogen compression system adopts a control strategy based on flow demand control to control each gas-driven piston pump, takes real-time pressure, flow rate and temperature as state inputs, and outputs an optimal pump combination, and the target function is: In the formula, : Energy consumption (kWh) of the i-th pump; : Pump switching frequency penalty term; λ: weight coefficient; When the demand flow rate is greater than the outlet flow rate, an additional pump set is activated; The expression of the pump set output model is as follows: wherein is the total flow rate (kg / s); is the on-off state of the i-th pump; is the rated flow rate of the pump; is the efficiency function; P, T are pressure and temperature, respectively.

3. The integrated hydrogen production and storage module of claim 1, wherein: The hydrogen storage system comprises a low-pressure bottle set and a high-pressure bottle set, the low-pressure bottle set and the high-pressure bottle set each comprise a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles connected in series, and the low-pressure bottle set and the high-pressure bottle set are switched and controlled by a valve set to meet different refueling requirements.

4. The integrated hydrogen production and storage module of claim 2, wherein, A Venturi tube capable of adsorbing low-pressure level gas and a pressure relief device capable of relieving the pressure of the hydrogen refueling pipeline are further included.

5. A hydrogenation process characterized by, Hydrogen refueling is performed using the integrated hydrogen production and hydrogenation cabin according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The hydrogenation method according to claim 5, wherein The steps of hydrogen refueling using the integrated hydrogen production and hydrogenation cabin according to any one of claims 1-4 are as follows: Step S1, injecting ultrapure water into the hydrogen production system to generate hydrogen by electrolysis; Step S2, the generated hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen compression system and cooled by a cooler before entering the hydrogen storage system; Step S3, using the hydrogenation system to refuel the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system to the hydrogen-using equipment.

7. The hydrogenation method of claim 6, wherein, In the step S2, a control strategy based on flow demand control is used to control the operation of the hydrogen compression system.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein, In the step S3, the data measured by the rear-end pressure sensor are used to control the regulating valve to realize the curve change of refueling and perform segmented refueling.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein, In the step S3, an integrated hydrogen production and hydrogenation system model is used to control the segmented refueling state, and the expression of the integrated hydrogen production and hydrogenation system model is as follows: The state equation and thermodynamic relationship are used as algebraic constraints, and the expression is as follows: wherein = V / m is the specific volume, V is the volume of the cylinder (constant), is the pressure, is the temperature a, b, a are parameters of the Peng-Robinson equation, is the specific heat capacity at constant volume.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein, In the step S3, a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen refueling process model based on temperature rise mechanism adjustment is used to control the segmented refueling state, The temperature rise mechanism differential equation expression is as follows: wherein is the compression temperature rise, is the Joule-Thomson effect, is the wall heat transfer, is the inflow mixing, is the compression temperature rise coefficient, is the Joule-Thomson effect coefficient; The expression of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle hydrogen refueling process model based on temperature rise mechanism adjustment is as follows: wherein, is the mass of hydrogen in the cylinder, in kg; is the temperature of hydrogen in the cylinder, in K; is the temperature of the cylinder wall, in K; is the pressure in the cylinder, in Pa; is the filling state, in %.

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