Corona energy harvesting methods, devices and controllers for ultra-high voltage lines

Abstract

This application relates to a method, apparatus, and controller for corona energy harvesting in ultra-high voltage (UHV) power lines. The method includes: acquiring a corona energy signal through corona discharge electrodes installed on the UHV line; performing transient high-voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering on the corona energy signal to obtain an equivalent input signal; performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal, causing the harvested power of the circuit to converge towards the maximum power point, wherein the energy harvesting circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance; and maintaining the current drive signal of the energy harvesting circuit when the harvested power has tracked to the maximum power point, ensuring that the circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point. This method can effectively achieve corona energy harvesting in UHV lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy harvesting technology for ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines, and in particular to a method, apparatus and controller for corona energy harvesting from UHV transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of ultra-high voltage (UHV) power transmission technology, real-time monitoring of line operation status is a crucial foundation for ensuring power grid safety and achieving transparent operation. Currently, this goal is mainly achieved by deploying various sensors along the lines. Providing these front-end sensors with a stable and reliable power supply has become a prerequisite for their large-scale deployment and long-term operation. The industry has explored various technological approaches, including electromagnetic induction, thermoelectric conversion, energy harvesting, and wireless power transmission.

[0003] With the rapid development of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission projects, the lack of inherent alternating electromagnetic fields along the transmission lines poses a fundamental challenge to traditional non-intrusive energy harvesting solutions. Related technical solutions either fail to operate effectively in DC environments or suffer from insufficient power output, poor environmental adaptability, and the need for additional supporting infrastructure, all of which significantly limit their practical engineering applications.

[0004] Furthermore, the relevant technologies have difficulty in achieving effective corona energy harvesting in ultra-high voltage direct current lines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method, device, and controller for corona energy harvesting in ultra-high voltage (UHV) lines that can effectively achieve corona energy harvesting in UHV lines, addressing the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for corona energy harvesting from ultra-high voltage transmission lines, the method comprising:

[0007] Corona discharge electrodes installed on ultra-high voltage lines are used to obtain corona electrical energy signals.

[0008] The corona power signal is subjected to transient high voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering to obtain the equivalent input signal;

[0009] Based on the equivalent input signal, the power collection circuit is subjected to maximum power tracking, so that the power collected by the power collection circuit converges to the maximum power point. The power collection circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance.

[0010] When the power harvesting point is tracked to the maximum power point, the current drive signal of the power harvesting circuit is maintained, so that the power harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0011] In one embodiment, the corona power signal is subjected to transient high-voltage spike absorption and impulse noise filtering to obtain an equivalent input signal, including:

[0012] The corona electrical energy signal is transiently absorbed through a high-voltage transient absorption unit.

[0013] The corona energy signal after transient absorption is processed through a preset filtering network to obtain the equivalent input signal.

[0014] In one embodiment, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the energy harvesting circuit is performed based on the equivalent input signal, including:

[0015] Based on the equivalent input signal, obtain the equivalent input power for the current sampling period;

[0016] Adjust the tracking step size based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period;

[0017] Based on the adjusted tracking step size, the power harvesting circuit is subjected to maximum power tracking until the maximum power point is reached.

[0018] In one embodiment, adjusting the tracking step size based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period includes:

[0019] Determine the change between the equivalent input power in the current sampling period and the equivalent input power in the previous sampling period;

[0020] The tracking step size is adjusted based on the amount of change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold.

[0021] In one embodiment, adjusting the tracking step size based on the amount of change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold includes:

[0022] If the absolute value of the change is greater than the first preset threshold, adjust the tracking step size;

[0023] If the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and greater than the second preset threshold, reduce the tracking step size;

[0024] If the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the second preset threshold, the tracking step size remains unchanged.

[0025] In one embodiment, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal further includes:

[0026] Adjust the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit according to the adjusted tracking step size;

[0027] After adjusting the equivalent input resistance, the system enters the next sampling cycle, resamples the equivalent input signal, and determines the equivalent input power for the next sampling cycle.

[0028] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0029] After reaching the maximum power point, it enters a sleep state;

[0030] Before entering sleep mode, the currently calculated drive signal is sent to the voltage holding circuit;

[0031] The calculated drive signal is latched and output through a voltage holding circuit, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0032] The voltage holding circuit receives drive signals from the microcontroller.

[0033] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0034] After a preset sleep cycle, it enters a reawakening state;

[0035] Based on the equivalent input signal obtained by resampling, determine whether to start a new round of maximum power point tracking.

[0036] Secondly, this application also provides a corona energy harvesting device for ultra-high voltage lines, the device comprising:

[0037] The power signal acquisition module acquires corona power signals through the corona discharge electrodes installed on the ultra-high voltage line;

[0038] The equivalent input determination module is used to absorb transient high-voltage spikes and filter pulse noise from the corona power signal to obtain the equivalent input signal;

[0039] The maximum power point tracking module is used to perform maximum power point tracking on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal, so that the energy harvesting power of the energy harvesting circuit converges to the maximum power point. The energy harvesting circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance.

[0040] The drive signal sustaining module is used to maintain the current drive signal of the energy harvesting circuit when the energy harvesting power tracks to the maximum power point, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0041] Thirdly, this application also provides a controller, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0042] The corona energy harvesting method, device, and controller for UHVDC lines provided in this application, by setting corona discharge electrodes, provides for the first time a feasible non-invasive energy capture principle for UHVDC line sensors. Addressing the inherent high-voltage transient spikes and pulse noise in the original corona signal, it transforms them into a safe and smooth equivalent input signal through two-stage processing, providing a reliable signal foundation for subsequent precision control and ensuring the availability of electrical signals in harsh electromagnetic environments. Considering the high impedance and nonlinear characteristics of the corona source, an adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on the equivalent input signal is introduced. This dynamically adjusts the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit to match the changing source internal resistance, thereby maximizing energy extraction efficiency and improving the universality and environmental adaptability of the energy harvesting scheme. After tracking the maximum power point, the current drive signal is maintained, enabling the system to stably output maximum power while minimizing the power consumption of the control circuit itself. Thus, this application can effectively achieve corona energy harvesting in UHVDC lines. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating a corona energy harvesting method for an ultra-high voltage transmission line provided in this application embodiment;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process for an energy harvesting circuit, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a step for determining the tracking step size is provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting circuit structure for corona discharge in ultra-high voltage power transmission lines.

[0048] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a maximum power point tracking algorithm provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of a corona energy harvesting method for an ultra-high voltage line provided in this application embodiment;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a corona energy harvesting device for an ultra-high voltage line provided in this application embodiment;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0053] With the increasing demand for long-distance transmission of new energy sources, ultra-high-voltage (UHV) power transmission plays an increasingly crucial role in the power system. Building a transparent new power grid requires the installation of numerous sensors along UHV lines for real-time monitoring; therefore, power supply for these sensors has become key to their widespread deployment. However, UHV DC transmission lines lack alternating electromagnetic fields, and a low-cost, universally applicable, and highly reliable non-intrusive sensor power extraction solution remains scarce. Conventional power extraction methods, such as current sensors, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, solar, laser, and microwave power transfer, suffer from limitations in DC line applications, insufficient power output, unsuitability for indoor lines, and the need for supporting transmitting devices that are difficult to maintain. This limited power supply significantly restricts the deployment of sensors along UHV lines and hinders the construction of a transparent power grid and a new power system.

[0054] Based on this, this application provides a corona energy harvesting method, device, and controller for ultra-high voltage (UHV) power lines. Corona energy harvesting, as an emerging non-invasive sensor energy harvesting scheme, supplies power to sensors by collecting corona current. Due to the characteristics of corona discharge, such as high voltage, low current, environmental sensitivity, and nonlinearity, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is introduced to fully harvest the energy from the corona discharge, while simultaneously enhancing the versatility of this sensor energy harvesting scheme under different operating conditions. This provides a stable power supply for UHV line sensors and promotes the construction of transparent power grids and new power systems.

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for corona energy harvesting from an ultra-high voltage (UHV) line, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, a method for corona energy harvesting from ultra-high voltage (UHV) lines is provided. The method is illustrated using a terminal as an example. It is understood that this method can also be applied to a server, or to a system including both a terminal and a server, and is implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. The terminal can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing cloud computing services. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps S101 to S104: Wherein:

[0056] S101. Obtain corona discharge signals through corona discharge electrodes installed on ultra-high voltage lines.

[0057] The corona discharge electrode refers to a needle-shaped or blade-shaped metal electrode placed near ultra-high voltage transmission lines (such as on the surface of the conductor or at the end of the insulator string), which can be used to actively induce corona discharge. The corona electrical energy signal refers to the current or voltage signal generated by the corona discharge, containing high-voltage pulses and a DC component, which is the original energy source for the energy harvesting circuit. The terminal refers to a microcontroller (MCU) or digital signal processor (DSP) integrated locally in the energy harvesting device, which is responsible for signal sampling and control logic execution.

[0058] For example, when an ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) line is in operation, the electric field strength on the surface of the conductor is extremely high. By installing a sharp discharge needle on the conductor or insulator, corona discharge can be induced under this high electric field, thereby generating a weak discharge current, which can be the corona energy signal to be collected.

[0059] In practical applications, by actively setting corona discharge electrodes, energy signals that can be collected can be directly generated by the high-voltage electric field of the UHVDC line itself in the specific scenario of UHVDC lines (lacking alternating magnetic fields). This provides a physical basis for solving the problem of non-invasive energy harvesting by DC line sensors and breaks through the bottleneck of the limitation of conventional energy harvesting schemes in DC line applications.

[0060] As an example, an energy harvesting circuit can be connected between the high-voltage transmission line and the discharge needle. This circuit can be used to convert the high-voltage input (kV level) to power the sensor or battery.

[0061] S102. The corona power signal is subjected to transient high voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering to obtain the equivalent input signal.

[0062] Transient high-voltage spike absorption refers to the process of quickly clamping and discharging transient overvoltages caused by corona discharge or external interference using specific devices (such as gas discharge tubes or varistors). Pulse noise filtering refers to the process of attenuating high-frequency pulse components in the corona current through passive networks (such as π-type or T-type filters) to smooth the waveform. Equivalent input signal refers to a voltage or current signal that, after suppression and filtering, has a relatively smooth waveform and more stable characteristics, facilitating sampling and processing by subsequent circuits.

[0063] For example, the raw signal generated by corona discharge may contain high-amplitude, fast-rising-edge pulses and spikes. Direct processing of these spikes can damage subsequent circuits and cause sampling distortion. Therefore, the spike energy can be quickly dissipated by a transient absorption unit, and high-frequency noise can be filtered out by a filtering network to obtain an equivalent input signal that can be used for accurate measurement and control.

[0064] In practical applications, by performing front-end preprocessing on the original corona signal, its inherent strong pulse interference and high voltage risk can be effectively suppressed, and the unstable discharge signal can be transformed into a relatively stable equivalent input. This provides accurate and reliable input conditions for the subsequent maximum power point tracking algorithm, ensuring that the algorithm can still work effectively in harsh corona environments.

[0065] As an example, a multi-stage transient suppression and filtering shaping structure is introduced on the power input side. First, a high-voltage transient absorption unit, such as a GDT (Gas Discharge Tube) or MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor), is arranged to clamp microsecond-level transient spikes. Then, a high-voltage π-type or T-type filter network, consisting of high-voltage capacitors and series damping elements, is set up to filter out high-frequency pulses and noise from 10kHz to several MHz, making the input waveform smooth.

[0066] S103. Based on the equivalent input signal, the power collection circuit is subjected to maximum power tracking so that the power collected by the power collection circuit converges to the maximum power point. The power collection circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance.

[0067] The energy harvesting circuit refers to a power electronic conversion circuit that converts high-voltage, weak corona discharge energy into low-voltage electrical energy usable by sensors, such as flyback converters and Buck-Boost converters. The adjustable equivalent input resistance characteristic means that by changing the converter's duty cycle, the equivalent input resistance seen from the input terminal can be changed. The maximum power point (MPP) refers to the operating state corresponding to the maximum power that the energy harvesting circuit can extract from corona discharge under specific environmental conditions (such as conductor voltage and air humidity).

[0068] For example, the internal resistance of corona discharge is very high and varies with the environment. To obtain maximum power, the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit needs to be matched with the internal resistance of the corona source. The instantaneous power can be calculated by sampling the voltage and current of the equivalent input signal in real time, and the drive signal (duty cycle) of the energy harvesting circuit can be adjusted according to a specific algorithm (such as the perturbation and observation method), thereby changing its equivalent input resistance and driving the harvested power to approach the maximum value point.

[0069] In practical applications, by introducing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, the energy harvesting circuit can dynamically adapt to the nonlinearity of corona discharge and environmental sensitivity, automatically find and lock into the optimal energy harvesting state, thereby fully collecting the limited corona energy at the mW level. This can improve energy harvesting efficiency and universality under different operating conditions, providing a control strategy for solving the problem of stable power supply to sensors in UHV lines.

[0070] As an example, the energy harvesting circuit (e.g., a flyback circuit) is connected in series in the corona discharge circuit, and its equivalent input resistance R e The duty cycle of the drive signal can be adjusted. R can be adjusted using a maximum power point tracking algorithm. e It can adjust the energy harvesting power to fully collect energy.

[0071] S104. When the power harvesting point is tracked to the maximum power point, maintain the current drive signal of the power harvesting circuit so that the power harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0072] Here, "current drive signal" can refer to the control signal (such as a PWM wave with a specific duty cycle) that enables the power harvesting circuit to operate at its maximum power point. "Maintain" refers to keeping the drive signal output constant to stabilize the power harvesting when external conditions do not change significantly. "Allowable deviation range" refers to the fluctuation range above and below the maximum power point, for example, ±2%.

[0073] For example, when the maximum power point tracking algorithm determines through multiple iterations that it has reached or is very close to the maximum power point, the microcontroller will stop further disturbances and continuously output the optimal drive signal parameters calculated at this time to the drive module of the power harvesting circuit, so that the circuit remains in the optimal working state (i.e. the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point), thereby stabilizing the output of maximum power.

[0074] In practical applications, by locking the drive signal after convergence at the operating point, the additional power loss caused by the continuous oscillation near the maximum power point of the traditional MPPT algorithm can be avoided, ensuring that the power can be output stably and efficiently after tracking the optimal state, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency and reliability of the overall energy harvesting system.

[0075] As an example, after tracing the maximum power point, the microprocessor can enter a sleep state. During this period, the calculation result of the previous maximum power point tracking is latched by the voltage holding circuit, and the PWM modulation circuit continues to operate, providing a stable drive signal for the power harvesting circuit.

[0076] In this embodiment, by setting corona discharge electrodes, a feasible non-invasive energy harvesting principle is provided for UHVDC line sensors for the first time. Addressing the inherent high-voltage transient spikes and pulse noise in the original corona signal, a two-stage processing method is used to transform it into a safe and smooth equivalent input signal, providing a reliable signal foundation for subsequent precision control and ensuring the availability of electrical signals in harsh electromagnetic environments. Considering the high impedance and nonlinear characteristics of the corona source, adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on the equivalent input signal is introduced. This dynamically adjusts the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit to match the changing source internal resistance, thereby maximizing energy extraction efficiency and improving the universality and environmental adaptability of the energy harvesting scheme. After tracking the maximum power point, the current drive signal is maintained, enabling the system to stably output maximum power while minimizing the power consumption of the control circuit itself. Thus, this application can effectively achieve corona energy harvesting in UHV lines.

[0077] In one exemplary embodiment, the corona power signal is subjected to transient high-voltage spike absorption and impulse noise filtering to obtain an equivalent input signal, including:

[0078] The corona electrical energy signal is transiently absorbed through a high-voltage transient absorption unit.

[0079] The corona energy signal after transient absorption is processed through a preset filtering network to obtain the equivalent input signal.

[0080] The high-voltage transient absorption unit can refer to devices such as a gas discharge gap, a gas discharge tube (GDT), a metal oxide varistor (MOV), or a high-voltage transient suppression diode (TVS). The preset filter network can refer to a π-type or T-type passive low-pass filter circuit pre-designed according to the corona noise spectrum characteristics.

[0081] For example, the corona energy signal can pass through a transient absorption unit, which is in a high-impedance state under normal voltage and quickly switches to a low-impedance state once a spike exceeding its breakdown voltage occurs, dissipating the spike energy to ground. Furthermore, the corona energy signal can enter a π-type or T-type filter network composed of a high-voltage capacitor and an inductor / resistor. This network exhibits high impedance to high-frequency noise, thereby filtering it out and ultimately outputting a smooth equivalent input signal.

[0082] As an example, transient spikes caused by corona collapse can be clamped within microseconds using GDT, MOV, or TVS; subsequently, fast pulses and spikes in the range of 10kHz to several MHz can be effectively filtered out by a π-type or T-type filter network composed of high-voltage polypropylene capacitors and high-voltage resistors / inductors, significantly improving the stability and measurement accuracy of the subsequent circuit.

[0083] In this embodiment, a two-stage processing architecture of absorption followed by filtering can be adopted. This first addresses the threat of instantaneous high voltage that could damage devices, and then finely processes the pulse noise that affects measurement accuracy. This combined approach creates a safe and "clean" input environment for the subsequent rectification, sampling, and control circuits, ensuring that the entire energy harvesting system can operate stably for a long time under ultra-high voltage strong pulse interference.

[0084] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 This application provides a schematic flowchart for performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on an energy harvesting circuit, as shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, it is possible to Figure 1 Based on this, the steps of the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines are illustrated by way of example. Step S103, which involves performing maximum power point tracking on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal, includes:

[0085] S201. Based on the equivalent input signal, obtain the equivalent input power of the current sampling period;

[0086] S202. Adjust the tracking step size based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period.

[0087] S203. Based on the adjusted tracking step size, perform maximum power tracking on the energy harvesting circuit until the maximum power point is reached.

[0088] Here, the current equivalent input power P(k) and the equivalent input power P(k-1) of the previous sampling period refer to the instantaneous power values ​​calculated by sampling the voltage and current of the equivalent input signal within two adjacent control periods. The tracking step size (ΔR) refers to the change in the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit each time it is adjusted. The size of the step size can directly affect the tracking speed and steady-state accuracy.

[0089] For example, the microcontroller can be periodically woken up to sample the voltage and current and calculate the power P(k). By comparing the difference between P(k) and P(k-1) and their changing trends, the direction (increase or decrease) and step size (increase or decrease) of the resistor adjustment can be determined next. An adaptive step size is used, with large steps to quickly approach the maximum power point when it is far away, and small steps to finely adjust it when it is close, avoiding oscillation.

[0090] As an example, the step size ΔR can be adaptively adjusted based on the comparison between |P(k)-P(k-1)| and the step size threshold L: when |P(k)-P(k-1)|>L, ΔR is increased to 1.2*ΔR to quickly approach the threshold; when |P(k)-P(k-1)|≤L, ΔR is decreased to 0.8*ΔR for fine adjustment.

[0091] In this embodiment, by introducing adaptive step size adjustment based on power variation, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process can achieve both fast dynamic response and high steady-state accuracy. This makes it suitable for corona energy harvesting scenarios with unstable input characteristics and potentially rapidly changing operating points. It effectively addresses the problems of misjudgment, oscillation, or slow convergence that traditional fixed-step MPPTs are prone to in corona environments, thereby improving the efficiency and adaptability of corona energy harvesting tracking on UHV lines.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, adjusting the tracking step size based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period includes:

[0093] Determine the change between the equivalent input power in the current sampling period and the equivalent input power in the previous sampling period;

[0094] The tracking step size is adjusted based on the amount of change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold.

[0095] The change can refer to |P(k)-P(k-1)|, which is the absolute value of the power difference between adjacent cycles, reflecting the drastic change in the operating point. The preset step size adjustment threshold (such as L) can refer to the threshold value used to judge the magnitude of the change and thus determine the step size adjustment strategy, and can be preset according to the system characteristics.

[0096] For example, the microcontroller can calculate the power change and compare it with a preset threshold L. If the change is large (greater than the preset threshold), it indicates that the operating point is far from the optimal value or the environment is changing drastically. In this case, the adjustment step size can be increased to speed up the tracking. If the change is small (less than or equal to the preset threshold), it indicates that the optimal operating point is close. The step size can be reduced to avoid overshoot and to perform a fine search near the optimal point (within the allowable deviation range).

[0097] As an example, the adaptive step size adjustment logic may include: determining whether to increase the step size (1.2ΔR) or decrease the step size (0.8ΔR) by judging whether |P(k)-P(k-1)| is greater than the step size threshold L.

[0098] In this embodiment, by combining the power change, a parameter that intuitively reflects the degree of deviation of the system state, with a preset threshold to dynamically manage the step size, the tracking process can be made intelligent. This allows the algorithm to automatically sense and adapt to changes in corona input conditions, optimizing dynamic performance while ensuring tracking accuracy. As a result, efficient and low-power tracking of corona energy harvesting from UHV lines can be achieved.

[0099] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a step for determining the tracking step size is provided in this application embodiment, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, it is possible to Figure 1 Based on this, the steps of the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines are illustrated by way of example, wherein adjusting the tracking step size according to the change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold includes:

[0100] S301. If the absolute value of the change is greater than the first preset threshold, adjust the tracking step size.

[0101] The absolute value of the change refers to the absolute value of the difference between the equivalent input power of two adjacent sampling periods, i.e., |P(k)-P(k-1)|, which quantifies the rate at which the operating point deviates from a steady state or the power changes. The first preset threshold is a pre-set threshold value used to determine whether the operating point is far from the maximum power point or whether the environment has undergone drastic changes. Increasing the tracking step size refers to increasing the equivalent input resistance R used to adjust the power harvesting circuit. e The change in ΔR.

[0102] For example, when the algorithm detects a large power change exceeding a first preset threshold, it indicates that the current operating point is still far from the maximum power point, or that external environmental factors (such as sudden changes in humidity causing changes in corona intensity) have caused a significant shift in the power characteristic curve. To approach the new optimal operating point as quickly as possible and avoid an overly slow convergence process, the adjustment step size can be actively increased (e.g., setting ΔR to 1.2 times its original value), thereby increasing the equivalent input resistance R. e Accelerate the tracking process with greater span of variation.

[0103] By setting a first threshold and increasing the step size under this condition, the algorithm is given a fast dynamic response capability, ensuring that it can quickly close the distance between the operating point and the maximum power point when the system starts up or the environment changes abruptly, significantly shortening the convergence time and improving the tracking algorithm's adaptability to unstable energy sources such as corona.

[0104] S302. If the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and greater than the second preset threshold, reduce the tracking step size.

[0105] The second preset threshold is another pre-set threshold value, smaller than the first preset threshold, used to define the region "close" to the maximum power point. Reducing the tracking step size refers to reducing the adjustment equivalent input resistance R. e The change in ΔR.

[0106] For example, when the power change has fallen below the first threshold but remains above the second threshold, it indicates that the system has entered the region near the maximum power point, but has not yet fully stabilized. Continuing to use a large step size at this point can easily cause the operating point to oscillate back and forth around the optimum, resulting in unnecessary power loss. Therefore, the step size can be reduced (e.g., setting ΔR to 0.8 times its original value) for finer adjustments to smoothly approach and eventually stabilize at the maximum power point.

[0107] By introducing a second threshold and reducing the step size under this condition, the tracking accuracy and steady-state performance were optimized. Employing a small step size for fine-tuning the search as the target approaches effectively avoids the continuous oscillation problem near the maximum power point in traditional fixed-step MPPT, reducing steady-state power ripple and improving the stability and efficiency of energy harvesting.

[0108] S303. When the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the second preset threshold, keep the tracking step size unchanged.

[0109] Maintaining a constant tracking step size means keeping the current ΔR value unchanged. At this point, the power change is minimal, indicating that the system is at or very close to its steady-state operating point.

[0110] For example, when the power change further decreases to below or equal to the second preset threshold, it indicates that the system power output has become very stable, and the power change caused by the disturbance is negligible. At this point, a satisfactory convergence state can be considered to have been reached, and there is no need to adjust the step size parameter further. Subsequent operations will adjust R according to the direction of the power change (whether P(k) increases or decreases). e The direction can be adjusted, but the "amplitude" (i.e., step size ΔR) can remain unchanged, using the current optimal fine step size to maintain or ultimately determine whether to enter sleep mode.

[0111] As an example, if |P(k)-P(k-1)| remains very small (e.g., ≤T, where T can be considered as a perturbation threshold related to the second preset threshold), it can be determined that the maximum power point has been tracked (within the allowable deviation range), and then the maintenance and sleep process of step S104 is entered, and the step size adjustment cycle is paused.

[0112] In this embodiment, by setting a second threshold and locking the step size after it is reached, the parameters can be stabilized. This prevents the step size from being unnecessarily adjusted repeatedly due to minor disturbances such as noise when the system is very close to the optimal point. This ensures the robustness of the algorithm near the steady state and provides a clear criterion for the system to determine whether it has truly reached the maximum power point and enter a low-power sleep mode.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal further includes:

[0114] Adjust the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit according to the adjusted tracking step size;

[0115] After adjusting the equivalent input resistance, the system enters the next sampling cycle, resamples the equivalent input signal, and determines the equivalent input power for the next sampling cycle.

[0116] In this context, adjusting the equivalent input resistance of the power extraction circuit can refer to changing the on-time of its switching transistor by altering the drive signal (such as the PWM duty cycle) output to the power extraction circuit, thereby changing the equivalent impedance observed at the input. The next sampling cycle refers to the new round of sampling, calculation, and control cycle that begins after one resistance adjustment is completed and the circuit response has stabilized.

[0117] For example, the microcontroller can determine the new step size ΔR and adjustment direction according to the algorithm, calculate the corresponding new duty cycle, and update the drive signal through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) or PWM module. The power extraction circuit operates according to the new signal, and its equivalent input resistance R... e The value changes accordingly. After a short period (t1) for the system to stabilize, the microcontroller samples again to obtain a new power value P(k+1), which is used for the next round of judgment and adjustment.

[0118] As an example, after completing the step size adjustment and direction determination, the new drive signal duty cycle is calculated and output to the voltage holding circuit to adjust R~e~. Then, P(k-1) and R~e~(k-1) are updated and delayed by t~1~, and the above process is repeated to form a tracking loop.

[0119] In this embodiment, a closed-loop iterative process enables continuous optimization of the energy harvesting operating point. This cyclical process ensures that regardless of changes in corona conditions, the system can automatically pull the operating point toward the maximum power point through a negative feedback mechanism, thereby achieving adaptive and highly efficient energy harvesting.

[0120] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0121] After reaching the maximum power point, it enters a sleep state;

[0122] Before entering sleep mode, the currently calculated drive signal is sent to the voltage holding circuit;

[0123] The calculated drive signal is latched and output through a voltage holding circuit, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0124] The voltage holding circuit receives drive signals from the microcontroller.

[0125] In this context, "sleep mode" refers to the microcontroller and some peripheral circuits (such as sampling circuits) being shut down or entering an ultra-low power mode to save energy. "Voltage holding circuit" refers to an analog circuit or digital latch with internal voltage holding function, which can maintain a constant output voltage when external drive is lost.

[0126] For example, once it is determined that the maximum power point has been tracked (e.g., the power change is less than the disturbance threshold T), the microcontroller can write the optimal drive signal voltage value into the voltage holding circuit before entering sleep mode. Subsequently, the microcontroller and sampling circuit can be powered off and put into sleep mode, while the voltage holding circuit and PWM modulator continue to work, generating a stable drive signal based on the latched voltage value, so that the power harvesting circuit remains in the optimal operating state.

[0127] As an example, during the sleep period of the microprocessor and sampling circuit, the calculation result of the last maximum power point tracking is latched by the voltage holding circuit, while the PWM modulation circuit continues to work to provide a drive signal for the power harvesting circuit.

[0128] In this embodiment, by introducing a voltage holding circuit and combining it with the microcontroller's sleep scheduling, the power consumption problem of the control circuit caused by maximum power point tracking itself is creatively solved. During stable operation, most of the control circuit can sleep, with only the output maintained by the extremely low-power analog circuit. This maximizes the use of mW-level power harvesting for the sensor load, rather than consuming it on the controller itself, achieving efficient energy utilization and enabling ultra-low power operation with corona discharge.

[0129] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes:

[0130] After a preset sleep cycle, it enters a reawakening state;

[0131] Based on the equivalent input signal obtained by resampling, determine whether to start a new round of maximum power point tracking.

[0132] The preset sleep cycle (t2) refers to the time interval from when the microcontroller enters sleep mode to when it is automatically woken up by the timer, and can be set according to the rate of environmental change. The wake-up state refers to the microcontroller and sampling circuit restoring power and operation, preparing for a new round of environmental perception and decision-making.

[0133] For example, a low-power timer inside the microcontroller can generate an interrupt after the sleep cycle t2 ends, waking the microcontroller. Upon waking, the microcontroller first turns on the power switch of the sampling circuit. After the signal stabilizes, it resamples the equivalent input signal and calculates the current power P(new). By comparing P(new) with the power P(mpp) recorded before sleep, it determines whether the environment has changed significantly. If the change exceeds a threshold, a new round of tracking is initiated; otherwise, the drive signal is refreshed to the voltage holding circuit before entering sleep again.

[0134] As an example, the microprocessor is woken up and turns on the sampling circuit switch. After the signal stabilizes, it calculates the current power P(k). The absolute value of the difference between this power and the power P(k-1) of the previous cycle is compared with the perturbation threshold T. If it is less than or equal to T, the microprocessor goes back to sleep; if it is greater than T, a new round of adaptive step size adjustment and tracking process is started.

[0135] In this embodiment, periodic wake-ups and checks enable the system to continuously monitor changes in corona power harvesting conditions while maintaining ultra-low average power consumption. Once environmental factors (such as weather or line load changes) cause the optimal operating point to drift, the system can promptly detect and restart tracking, thereby ensuring that it can continuously and adaptively maintain a high-efficiency power harvesting state throughout the entire operation, enhancing the system's long-term robustness and environmental adaptability.

[0136] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting circuit structure for corona discharge in ultra-high voltage power transmission lines, as shown in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, R e The equivalent input resistance, whose value can be continuously adjusted by regulating the switching duty cycle of the subsequent converter, is a key control variable for achieving maximum power point tracking (MPPT); the filter network has a π-type structure and may include: L f For series filtering inductors, used to attenuate high-frequency current pulses, C f1 For the high-voltage filter capacitor on the input side, C f2 For the high-voltage filter capacitor on the output side, C f1 C f2 With L fTogether, they form a low-pass filter to smooth the waveform and obtain the equivalent input signal; the flyback converter, as the energy extraction circuit, may include: S1, a power switch (such as a MOSFET) controlled by a drive signal, whose on / off state determines the energy transfer from the primary side to the secondary side, D... C The primary winding of the DC-DC converter is connected in series with the switching transistor S1 and can be used to store and transfer corona energy. T is the secondary winding of the DC-DC converter, which provides electrical isolation and voltage transformation. R load D represents the equivalent load resistance, indicating the electrical equipment such as downstream sensors or batteries. s The output rectifier diode is used to direct the energy released from the secondary side of the transformer to the load during the turn-off period of the switching transistor S1.

[0137] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a maximum power point tracking algorithm provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, it may include: a voltage sampling circuit 510, a current sampling circuit 520, a sampling circuit power supply switch 530, an ultra-low power microprocessor 540, a voltage holding circuit 550, and a PWM modulation circuit 560, wherein:

[0138] The controlled terminal of the sampling circuit power supply switch 530 is connected to the ultra-low power microprocessor 540, and its power supply path is connected in series in the power supply circuits of the voltage sampling circuit 510 and the current sampling circuit 520. The analog input ports of the ultra-low power microprocessor 540 are connected to the output terminals of the voltage sampling circuit 510 and the current sampling circuit 520, respectively, to receive sampling signals. The control output port of the ultra-low power microprocessor 540 is connected to the input of the voltage holding circuit 550, and the output of the voltage holding circuit 550 is connected to the control terminal of the PWM modulation circuit 560. The output of the PWM modulation circuit 560 is used to generate a drive signal to control the power switching transistor (such as...) in the power harvesting circuit. Figure 4 (Switch S1 in the middle).

[0139] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of a corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines provided in this application is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the method includes:

[0140] S601. Turn on the sampling circuit switch; wherein, after starting the maximum power point tracking process, turn on the sampling circuit switch.

[0141] S602. After the signal of the sampling circuit stabilizes, collect voltage and current data, and calculate the power P(k) of the current energy harvesting circuit.

[0142] S603. Determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the current power P(k) and the power P(k-1) of the previous cycle is less than or equal to the preset disturbance threshold T. If |P(k)-P(k-1)|≤T, then execute S604; otherwise, execute S605.

[0143] S604. Determining that the system is operating near its maximum power point (within the allowable deviation range), the sampling circuit switch is turned off, and the microprocessor enters sleep mode, running for t2 until the next wake-up cycle. The process ends (entering the steady-state maintenance phase).

[0144] S605. Determine that the operating point has not yet reached its optimal value and further tracking is required. Check if the current power P(k) is greater than the power P(k-1) of the previous cycle. If P(k) > P(k-1), then execute S606; otherwise, execute S607.

[0145] S606. Confirming that the power is increasing, maintain the equivalent resistance R. e The current adjustment direction remains unchanged. Then execute S608.

[0146] S607. Determining that the power is decreasing, change the equivalent resistance R. e Adjust the direction before proceeding. Then execute S608.

[0147] S608. Determine whether the power change |P(k)-P(k-1)| is greater than the preset step size threshold L. If it is greater than L, proceed to S609; otherwise, proceed to S610.

[0148] S609. If the current operating point is too far from the maximum power point, increase the tracking step size ΔR. For example, set ΔR = 1.2 * ΔR. Then execute S611.

[0149] S610: Determine that the current operating point is too close to the maximum power point, and reduce the tracking step size ΔR. For example, set ΔR = 0.8 * ΔR. Then execute S611.

[0150] S611. Based on the determined adjustment direction and the updated step size ΔR, calculate the new equivalent resistance value R. e (k+1). If the adjustment direction is to increase, then R e (k+1)=R e (k)+ΔR; if it is a decrease, then R e (k+1)= R e (k)-ΔR.

[0151] S612, based on the calculated R e (k+1) determines the corresponding energy harvesting circuit drive signal parameters (such as PWM duty cycle), and outputs the corresponding comparison voltage to the voltage holding circuit through the digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

[0152] S613. Update the stored variable: Let P(k-1) = P(k), let R e (k-1)=R e (k). Then, delay for time t1.

[0153] Return to step S602 and begin the next round of sampling and adjustment cycle.

[0154] For example, in a maximum power point tracking method for corona energy harvesting from ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) lines, the energy harvesting circuit of the method is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, corona discharge energy is collected by connecting a corona energy harvesting circuit between the UHVDC transmission line and the discharge needle. This energy harvesting circuit is equivalent to Re connected in series in the corona discharge circuit. A simplified adaptive step-size adjustment maximum power point tracking algorithm effectively reduces computational energy consumption. Combined with the sleep scheduling of the ultra-low power processor and the on-demand power supply of the sampling circuit, it effectively tracks the maximum power point while avoiding unnecessary losses caused by continuous operation of the microprocessor and sampling circuit, achieving a balance between maximum power point tracking and control circuit power consumption.

[0155] Optionally, a specific embodiment of the proposed maximum power point tracking method for corona energy harvesting from ultra-high voltage lines is as follows:

[0156] An energy harvesting circuit is connected between the high-voltage transmission line and the discharge needle to convert the high-voltage input (kV level) into 5-1.8V to power the battery or sensor. This energy harvesting circuit has the characteristics of high step-down ratio and adjustable equivalent input resistance.

[0157] In the corona energy harvesting scenario of UHVDC transmission lines, there are high-amplitude, fast-rise pulse currents and high-voltage spikes on the energy harvesting electrode side. If left unsuppressed, these will be directly transmitted to the rectification and control unit, leading to device overvoltage, sampling errors, and MPPT algorithm failure. Therefore, this application introduces a multi-stage transient suppression and filtering / shaping structure on the energy harvesting input side. First, a high-voltage transient absorption unit, such as a gas discharge gap, gas discharge tube (GDT), high-voltage varistor (MOV), or high-voltage transient suppression diode (TVS), is arranged between the energy harvesting electrode and the rectifier circuit to clamp transient spikes caused by corona collapse within microseconds. These devices have high withstand voltage, low leakage, and high energy absorption capabilities, providing a low-resistance discharge path when a pulse arrives, thereby directly dissipating the spike energy at the front end and preventing it from entering subsequent circuits.

[0158] Following transient absorption, this application further incorporates a high-voltage π-type or T-type filter network to attenuate and smooth the high-frequency pulse components in the corona current. The π-type filter network, composed of a high-voltage input capacitor, a series high-impedance element, and a high-voltage output capacitor, forms a narrow-band low-pass characteristic on the differential-mode path, effectively filtering out fast pulses and spikes in the range of 10kHz to several MHz. The T-type filter, through a series dual inductor and a midpoint capacitor, forms an impedance gradient, producing a stronger damping effect on high-frequency components. High-voltage polypropylene capacitors or high-voltage ceramic capacitors are used as filter elements to ensure low loss, low leakage, and good frequency characteristics under corona conditions. The series damping element can be a high-voltage resistor or a high-voltage inductor, with appropriate resistance / inductance values ​​selected based on the pulse energy to control ringing and overshoot. Through the aforementioned π-type or T-type structure, the inherent pulse spikes and high-frequency noise in corona discharge are sufficiently attenuated before entering the rectification and sampling circuits, resulting in a smoother input waveform and significantly improving the operational stability of the downstream converter and the measurement accuracy of the MPPT algorithm.

[0159] By adjusting the drive signal of the energy harvesting circuit, the equivalent resistance of the circuit can be adjusted to regulate the harvested power. Corona discharge energy harvesting operates at the mW level, and combined with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, it can fully collect the energy from corona discharge, ensuring a stable power supply to the line sensors. Therefore, this application employs a low-power MPPT algorithm to achieve a balance between MPPT and control circuit power consumption.

[0160] The entire maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented by an ultra-low-power microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the power supply switch of the sampling circuit to provide on-demand power to the voltage and current sampling circuits, which in turn transmit signals to the microprocessor. After calculating the drive signal for the power harvesting circuit, the microprocessor transmits the signal to the voltage holding circuit via a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and the PWM modulation circuit generates a drive signal to drive the power harvesting circuit. After tracking the maximum power point, the microprocessor and the sampling circuit enter a sleep state to reduce hardware circuit losses until the sleep cycle ends, at which point MPPT is re-performed. During the sleep period of the microprocessor and the sampling circuit, the voltage holding circuit latches the calculation result of the previous MPPT and continues to work with the PWM modulation circuit to provide drive signals to the power harvesting circuit.

[0161] The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm first needs to determine an initial duty cycle based on the application scenario of the power harvesting circuit. After the power harvesting circuit is operating normally, the algorithm enters the MPPT phase. After the sleep cycle ends, the microprocessor is woken up and turns on the sampling circuit switch. Once the sampling circuit signal stabilizes, the power P(k) of the current power harvesting circuit is calculated. The absolute value of the difference between the current power P(k) and the power P(k-1) of the power harvesting circuit in the previous calculation cycle is compared with the disturbance threshold T to avoid non-convergence of the algorithm caused by small power fluctuations. If P(k)-P(k-1)≤T, it means that the power harvesting circuit is operating near the maximum power point. After the microprocessor turns off the sampling circuit, it enters the sleep state again until it is woken up again after t2.

[0162] If the current operating point is still far from the maximum power point (i.e., P(k) - P(k-1) > T), the adjustment direction of the equivalent resistance Re of the energy harvesting circuit needs to be determined based on the direction of P(k) transformation. When P(k) increases, the adjustment direction of Re from the previous step continues, but the step size of Re adjustment needs to be adjusted according to the step size threshold L. When |P(k) - P(k-1)| > L, it means the current operating point is still far from the maximum power point, so ΔR = 1.2 * ΔR; when |P(k) - P(k-1)| ≤ L, it means the current operating point is close to the maximum power point, so ΔR = 0.8 * ΔR, completing the adaptive adjustment of the step size. If P(k) decreases, the adjustment direction of Re is changed. After calculating the duty cycle of the energy harvesting circuit drive signal, the output comparison voltage is sent to the voltage holding circuit to adjust the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit. After updating P(k-1) and Re(k-1) and delaying for t1, the above process is repeated until the maximum power tracking point is reached and then the system enters a sleep state.

[0163] To address the high impedance, strong pulse, and spike interference characteristics of corona power harvesting in UHVDC lines, this application designs a π-type or T-type filter network suitable for high-voltage environments on the input side, combined with a pulse absorption structure, to fully suppress the pulse component of the corona current and high-voltage spikes before they enter the power harvesting circuit, thereby forming stable equivalent input characteristics. Secondly, this application proposes an adaptive compensation-type maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on input dynamic characteristics. By calculating the output power change rate in real time, a dynamic estimation model of the input state is constructed, and the disturbance step size and MPPT update frequency are automatically adjusted according to this model, avoiding the erroneous optimization and oscillation that occur in traditional MPPT under pulse noise. Compared with existing fixed-parameter or passive disturbance observation methods, the algorithm in this application can adaptively adjust according to environmental and input conditions, possessing predictive and fast convergence characteristics, making it more suitable for unstable input environments such as corona power harvesting. Thirdly, this application co-designs the aforementioned adaptive MPPT with an ultra-low-power system architecture, significantly reducing control losses while ensuring accuracy by activating the sampling circuit on demand and adjusting the microprocessor's operating cycle. In summary, this application has technical solutions not disclosed in the prior art in terms of input processing method and adaptive compensation MPPT mechanism, and can achieve stable, efficient and low power point tracking under ultra-high voltage pulse input, which has significant inventiveness and substantial features.

[0164] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0165] The following describes the corona energy harvesting device for ultra-high voltage lines provided in the embodiments of this application. The corona energy harvesting device for ultra-high voltage lines has the same inventive concept as the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines described above. The solution to the problem provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the corona energy harvesting device for ultra-high voltage lines provided below can be found in the limitations of the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines described above. The corona energy harvesting device for ultra-high voltage lines described below can be referred to in correspondence with the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0166] In one exemplary embodiment, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a corona energy harvesting device for an ultra-high voltage line provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the corona energy harvesting device 70 of the ultra-high voltage line includes: an energy signal acquisition module 710, an equivalent input determination module 720, a maximum power point tracking module 730, and a drive signal maintenance module 740, wherein:

[0167] The power signal acquisition module 710 acquires corona power signals through the corona discharge electrodes set in the UHV line;

[0168] The equivalent input determination module 720 is used to absorb transient high voltage spikes and filter pulse noise from the corona power signal to obtain the equivalent input signal;

[0169] The maximum power point tracking module 730 is used to perform maximum power point tracking on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal, so that the energy harvesting power of the energy harvesting circuit converges to the maximum power point. The energy harvesting circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance.

[0170] The drive signal sustaining module 740 is used to maintain the current drive signal of the energy harvesting circuit when the energy harvesting power tracks to the maximum power point, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

[0171] In an exemplary embodiment, the equivalent input determination module 720 is used to transiently absorb the corona energy signal through a high-voltage transient absorption unit; and to process the transiently absorbed corona energy signal through a preset filtering network to obtain an equivalent input signal.

[0172] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power tracking module 730 is used to obtain the equivalent input power of the current sampling period based on the equivalent input signal; adjust the tracking step size according to the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period; and perform maximum power tracking on the energy harvesting circuit based on the adjusted tracking step size until the maximum power point is reached.

[0173] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power tracking module 730 is used to determine the amount of change between the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period; and adjust the tracking step size according to the amount of change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold.

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power tracking module 730 is configured to adjust the tracking step size when the absolute value of the change is greater than a first preset threshold; decrease the tracking step size when the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and greater than a second preset threshold; and keep the tracking step size unchanged when the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the second preset threshold.

[0175] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power point tracking module 730 is used to adjust the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit according to the adjusted tracking step size; after adjusting the equivalent input resistance, it enters the next sampling cycle, resamples the equivalent input signal, and determines the equivalent input power for the next sampling cycle.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power point tracking module 730 is configured to enter a sleep state after reaching the maximum power point; before entering the sleep state, it sends the currently calculated drive signal to the voltage holding circuit; so that the voltage holding circuit latches and outputs the currently calculated drive signal, so that the power harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point; wherein, the voltage holding circuit receives the drive signal from the microcontroller.

[0177] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum power point tracking module 730 is configured to enter a re-wake-up state after a preset sleep cycle; and determine whether to start a new round of maximum power point tracking based on the equivalent input signal obtained by resampling.

[0178] Each module in the corona energy harvesting device of the aforementioned ultra-high voltage lines can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of the controller in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of the controller in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0179] In one exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the corona energy harvesting method for any of the ultra-high voltage lines described above.

[0180] In one exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a controller, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the corona energy harvesting method for any of the ultra-high voltage lines described in the above embodiments.

[0181] In one exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the corona energy harvesting method for any of the ultra-high voltage lines described in the above embodiments.

[0182] Indicatively, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application. The controller 800 can be provided as a server. (Refer to...) Figure 8 The controller 800 includes a processor 802, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by memory 801 for storing instructions executable by the processor 802, such as computer programs. The computer programs stored in memory 801 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processor 802 is configured to execute instructions to perform the corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines according to any of the above embodiments. The controller 800 can operate on an operating system stored in memory 801, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, Free BSD™, or similar.

[0183] The controller 800 may also include a power supply component 803 configured to perform power management of the controller 800, a wired or wireless network interface 804 configured to connect the controller 800 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 805. Wireless operation can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, Near Field Communication (NFC), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a corona energy harvesting method for ultra-high voltage lines. The controller's display unit 807 is used to form a visually visible image and can be a display screen, a projection device, or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink display screen. The controller's input device 806 can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad located on the controller housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse, etc.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 8 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the controller to which the present application is applied. A specific controller may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0185] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0186] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0187] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0188] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for corona energy harvesting from ultra-high voltage transmission lines, characterized in that, The method includes: Corona discharge electrodes installed on ultra-high voltage lines are used to obtain corona electrical energy signals. The corona power signal is subjected to transient high voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering to obtain an equivalent input signal; Based on the equivalent input signal, the energy harvesting circuit is subjected to maximum power tracking, so that the energy harvesting power of the energy harvesting circuit converges to the maximum power point. When the power harvesting point is tracked to the maximum power point, the current drive signal of the power harvesting circuit is maintained so that the power harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing transient high-voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering on the corona electrical energy signal to obtain an equivalent input signal includes: The corona electrical energy signal is transiently absorbed by a high-voltage transient absorption unit. The corona energy signal after transient absorption is processed through a preset filtering network to obtain the equivalent input signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal includes: Based on the equivalent input signal, obtain the equivalent input power for the current sampling period; The tracking step size is adjusted based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period. Based on the adjusted tracking step size, the energy harvesting circuit performs maximum power tracking until the maximum power point is reached.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the tracking step size based on the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period includes: Determine the change between the equivalent input power of the current sampling period and the equivalent input power of the previous sampling period; The tracking step size is adjusted based on the amount of change and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the tracking step size based on the change amount and at least one preset step size adjustment threshold includes: If the absolute value of the change is greater than a first preset threshold, adjust the tracking step size; If the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and greater than the second preset threshold, the tracking step size is reduced. If the absolute value of the change is less than or equal to the second preset threshold, the tracking step size remains unchanged.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The energy harvesting circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance; the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal further includes: Adjust the equivalent input resistance of the energy harvesting circuit according to the adjusted tracking step size; After adjusting the equivalent input resistance, the next sampling cycle begins, the equivalent input signal is resampled, and the equivalent input power for the next sampling cycle is determined.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After reaching the maximum power point, it enters a sleep state; Before entering sleep mode, the currently calculated drive signal is sent to the voltage holding circuit; The calculated drive signal is latched and output through a voltage holding circuit, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point. The voltage holding circuit receives the drive signal from the microcontroller.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: After a preset sleep cycle, it enters a reawakening state; Based on the equivalent input signal obtained by resampling, determine whether to start a new round of maximum power point tracking.

9. A corona energy harvesting device for an ultra-high voltage transmission line, characterized in that, The device includes: The power signal acquisition module acquires corona power signals through the corona discharge electrodes installed on the ultra-high voltage line; An equivalent input determination module is used to perform transient high-voltage spike absorption and pulse noise filtering on the corona power signal to obtain an equivalent input signal; A maximum power point tracking module is used to perform maximum power point tracking on the energy harvesting circuit based on the equivalent input signal, so that the energy harvesting power of the energy harvesting circuit converges to the maximum power point, wherein the energy harvesting circuit is a DC-DC converter circuit with adjustable equivalent input resistance. The drive signal sustaining module is used to maintain the current drive signal of the energy harvesting circuit when the energy harvesting power is tracked to the maximum power point, so that the energy harvesting circuit continues to operate within the allowable deviation range of the maximum power point.

10. A controller comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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