Dry sorting device

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry-method sorting device, belongs to the technical field of coal gangue sorting and processing, and aims to solve at least one of the problems of thickness interference caused by single-dimension detection, insufficient adaptability caused by a fixed threshold value and poor sorting precision in an X-ray dry-method coal gangue sorting technology in the prior art. The dry separation device comprises a conveying belt, an X-ray light source, a laser radar, an X-ray acquisition card, a blowing unit, a tailing bin and a concentrate bin. The injection unit is located below the discharging end of the conveying belt, and the tailing bin and the concentrate bin are located below the injection unit and are sequentially arranged in the injection direction of the injection unit. The X-ray light source and the laser radar are arranged above the conveying belt and are sequentially arranged in the moving direction of coal gangue, and the X-ray collecting card is arranged below the conveying belt and corresponds to the X-ray light source in position. The method can be used for dry separation of coal gangue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal gangue sorting and processing technology, and particularly relates to a dry sorting device. Background Technology

[0002] X-ray dry coal gangue sorting technology is a machine vision-based technology that consumes no water, no media, and produces no byproducts. The core components of existing X-ray dry coal gangue sorting devices typically include a material feeding system, an identification and detection system, a separation execution system, and auxiliary systems. These systems work together to achieve efficient coal gangue sorting. The basic principle of this sorting technology is based on the Lambert-Beer law. Its sorting effect is mainly controlled by two key factors: the density and thickness of the coal gangue. X-rays penetrate and detect the coal gangue, utilizing the difference in X-ray attenuation characteristics between coal gangue and gangue to identify and separate target coal gangue from non-target coal gangue.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, X-ray dry coal gangue sorting technology relies solely on X-rays as a single dimension to analyze the characteristics of coal gangue. Since continuous spectrum X-rays are used in practical applications, and due to the influence of the X-ray fan-shaped effect, the interference of coal gangue thickness on the detection results cannot be effectively eliminated, resulting in large noise in the detection data. This increases the difficulty of distinguishing between target and non-target coal gangue, ultimately leading to a low coal gangue identification rate.

[0004] Secondly, existing sorting methods are usually based on a fixed threshold. When the properties of the feed coal gangue (such as density distribution, particle size distribution, etc.) fluctuate, the sorting threshold cannot be dynamically adjusted in time, making the sorting system less adaptable and difficult to maintain a high sorting accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a dry sorting device to solve at least one of the following problems in the X-ray dry coal gangue sorting technology: thickness interference caused by single-dimensional detection, insufficient adaptability due to fixed threshold, and poor sorting accuracy.

[0006] This invention provides a dry sorting device, including a conveyor belt, an X-ray source, a lidar, an X-ray acquisition card, a jetting unit, a tailings bin, and a concentrate bin;

[0007] The injection unit is located below the discharge end of the conveyor belt, and the tailings bin and concentrate bin are located below the injection unit, and the tailings bin and concentrate bin are arranged sequentially along the injection direction of the injection unit.

[0008] The X-ray source and lidar are positioned above the conveyor belt and sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement, while the X-ray acquisition card is positioned below the conveyor belt and corresponds to the position of the X-ray source.

[0009] Furthermore, the X-ray source and lidar are sequentially arranged along the direction of coal gangue movement.

[0010] Furthermore, the dry sorting device also includes a vibrating cloth unit, the discharge end of which is located above the feed end of the conveyor belt.

[0011] Furthermore, the vibrating material distribution unit includes a vibrating feeder, a guide chute, and a vibrating screen arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement.

[0012] Furthermore, the conveyor belt includes a belt body and baffles disposed on both sides of the belt body.

[0013] Furthermore, the conveyor belt also includes multiple support rollers located below the belt body, with the multiple support rollers evenly distributed.

[0014] Furthermore, the blowing unit includes multiple air nozzles arranged in an array and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzles, with each air nozzle connected to an external air source.

[0015] Furthermore, each air nozzle corresponds to a solenoid valve.

[0016] Furthermore, the dry separation device also includes an X-ray fluorescence detector located in the tailings bin, which is used to detect the characteristic peaks of elements in the coal gangue.

[0017] Furthermore, the dry sorting device also includes a drying unit located at the feed end of the vibrating cloth unit.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0019] A) The dry sorting device provided by the present invention, by introducing lidar and X-ray source and X-ray acquisition card to work together, can realize multi-dimensional accurate detection of coal gangue thickness and density, and can realize high-precision sorting of coal gangue.

[0020] B) The dry sorting device provided by the present invention can use lidar to measure the thickness information of coal gangue in real time, effectively improve the noise of detection data caused by uneven thickness of coal gangue in single X-ray detection, and significantly improve the distinction between target coal gangue and non-target coal gangue.

[0021] C) The dry sorting device provided by the present invention calculates the thickness and density data of coal gangue based on real-time collected data, and can dynamically adjust the sorting density threshold according to the above data, so that the sorting process can adapt to the fluctuations of the properties of the feed coal gangue (e.g., density distribution, particle size composition, etc.), thereby maintaining a stable high sorting accuracy.

[0022] D) The dry sorting device provided by the present invention adopts a sorting technology that combines X-ray light source and lidar, which can realize in-situ sorting of coal gangue, without generating by-products, while also reducing the consumption of media and water, effectively reducing production costs.

[0023] E) The dry sorting device provided by this invention allows for the preliminary dispersion and uniform distribution of coal gangue by a vibrating material distribution unit before it enters the conveyor belt. Through vibration, multiple or multiple layers of coal gangue that might otherwise be piled together are effectively separated, spreading them out as relatively uniform single pieces or layers on the conveyor belt. In subsequent detection and sorting processes, X-ray sources and lidar can more accurately acquire the thickness and density information of individual coal gangue pieces, reducing detection errors caused by coal gangue accumulation and further improving the accuracy and reliability of the sorting process.

[0024] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dry sorting device provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the drying unit in the dry separation device provided by the present invention when the water content of coal gangue is high.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the drying unit in the dry separation device provided by the present invention when the water content of the coal gangue is low.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 1-Vibrating fabric distribution unit; 2-Conveyor belt; 3-X-ray source; 4-LiDAR; 5-X-ray acquisition card; 6-Pulse jet unit; 7-X-ray fluorescence detector; 8-Tailings bin; 9-Concentrate bin; 10-Drying chamber; 11-Hot air supply unit; 12-Second auxiliary screen plate; 13-Long plate section; 14-Short plate section; 15-First auxiliary screen plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] This invention provides a dry sorting device, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 It includes a conveyor belt 2, an X-ray source 3, a lidar 4, an X-ray acquisition card 5, a jetting unit 6, a tailings bin 8, and a concentrate bin 9.

[0033] The injection unit 6 is located below the discharge end of the conveyor belt 2, and the tailings bin 8 and concentrate bin 9 are located below the injection unit, and the tailings bin 8 and concentrate bin 9 are arranged sequentially along the injection direction of the injection unit 6.

[0034] The X-ray source 3 and the lidar 4 are positioned above the conveyor belt 2 and arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement. The X-ray acquisition card 5 is positioned below the conveyor belt 2 and corresponds to the position of the X-ray source 3.

[0035] Understandably, in order to process the collected data, the aforementioned dry sorting device also includes a controller connected to the X-ray source 3, lidar 4, and X-ray acquisition card 5.

[0036] In practice, the dry sorting method using the above-mentioned dry sorting device includes the following steps:

[0037] Coal gangue moves on conveyor belt 2. When it passes X-ray source 3 and X-ray acquisition card 5, the X-rays emitted by X-ray source 3 pass through the coal gangue and enter X-ray acquisition card 5.

[0038] When passing through lidar 4, the laser emitted by the transmitter of lidar 4 shines on the coal gangue and is reflected into the receiver of lidar 4.

[0039] The controller calculates the thickness of the coal gangue based on the distance from the transmitter of lidar 4 to the conveyor belt 2 and the distance from the transmitter of lidar 4 to the top of the coal gangue.

[0040] Based on the Lambert-Beer law analysis, the density of the coal gangue is calculated according to the intensity of the incident light from X-ray source 3, the intensity of the transmitted light from X-ray source 3, and the thickness of the coal gangue.

[0041] The controller determines whether the density of the coal gangue is above a sorting density threshold. For example, the sorting density threshold is 1.6 g / cm³. 3 ~2.2g / cm 3 Any value;

[0042] If so, when the coal gangue passes through the injection unit 6, the injection unit 6 is activated to increase the horizontal velocity of the coal gangue and cause it to fall into the clean coal bin.

[0043] If not, the injection unit 6 is not activated when the coal gangue passes through it, so that the horizontal velocity of the coal gangue remains unchanged and it falls into the tailings bunker.

[0044] Compared with existing technologies, the dry sorting device provided by this invention, by introducing a lidar 4 and an X-ray source 3 and an X-ray acquisition card 5 to work together, can achieve multi-dimensional and accurate detection of the thickness and density of coal gangue, and can achieve high-precision sorting of coal gangue. It solves the problems of thickness interference caused by single-dimensional detection, insufficient adaptability caused by fixed threshold, and poor sorting accuracy in X-ray dry coal gangue sorting technology.

[0045] Specifically, on the one hand, the lidar 4 can measure the thickness information of coal gangue in real time, effectively improving the noise of detection data caused by uneven thickness of coal gangue in single X-ray detection, and significantly improving the distinction between target coal gangue and non-target coal gangue.

[0046] On the other hand, the controller calculates the thickness and density data of the coal gangue based on the real-time collected data, and can dynamically adjust the sorting density threshold according to the above data, so that the sorting process can adapt to the fluctuations of the properties of the fed coal gangue (e.g., density distribution, particle size composition, etc.), thereby maintaining a stable high sorting accuracy.

[0047] On the other hand, the aforementioned dry sorting device uses a sorting technology that combines X-ray source 3 and lidar 4, which can realize in-situ sorting of coal gangue without producing by-products, while also reducing the consumption of media and water, effectively reducing production costs.

[0048] It should be noted that existing technologies using single X-ray detection typically employ dual-energy X-ray source intensity to offset the thickness parameter in the Lambert-Beer law analysis formula during coal gangue density calculation. While dual-energy X-rays can mitigate the influence of thickness to some extent, in extreme cases (excessively thick or thin samples, or excessively dense samples), inaccurate grayscale measurements can affect the determination of the density sorting threshold, leading to deterioration in sorting performance. Lidar, on the other hand, uses actual measurements to substitute the measured values ​​into the calculation formula, effectively reducing the error impact of extreme cases.

[0049] To further address the issue of low sorting accuracy and reduce the movement of multiple pieces and / or layers of coal gangue on conveyor belt 2, the aforementioned dry sorting device also includes a vibrating material distribution unit 1. The discharge end of the vibrating material distribution unit 1 is located above the feed end of conveyor belt 2. This allows the vibrating material distribution unit 1 to initially disperse and uniformly distribute the coal gangue before it enters conveyor belt 2. Through vibration, multiple pieces or layers of coal gangue that might otherwise be piled together are effectively separated and spread more evenly as single pieces or layers on conveyor belt 2. In subsequent detection and sorting processes, the X-ray source 3 and lidar 4 can more accurately acquire the thickness and density information of individual coal gangue pieces, reducing detection errors caused by coal gangue accumulation and further improving the accuracy and reliability of the sorting process.

[0050] Specifically, the structure of the vibrating feeding unit 1 includes a vibrating feeder, a guide chute, and a vibrating screen arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement. The vibrating feeder, through its own vibration, uniformly and continuously conveys the coal gangue into the guide chute. The guide chute acts as a guide and transition, ensuring that the coal gangue enters the vibrating screen smoothly and orderly. The vibrating screen, through vibration at a specific frequency and amplitude, further disperses and screens the coal gangue, causing it to fall from the discharge end of the vibrating screen into the feed end of the conveyor belt 2 in a single piece and layer, thus ensuring the dispersion and uniform distribution of the coal gangue before it enters the conveyor belt 2.

[0051] Specifically, the structure of conveyor belt 2 includes a belt body and baffles on both sides of the belt body. The width of the belt body is 1.0–1.5 m (e.g., 1.2 m). The belt body is made of wear-resistant and anti-static materials to ensure that it is not easily damaged during long-term operation and to reduce the impact of static electricity on the normal transport of coal gangue. It should be noted that the baffles on both sides not only effectively reduce the falling of coal gangue from both sides of the conveyor belt 2 during transport, but also do not excessively obstruct the movement of coal gangue.

[0052] For example, the conveyor belt 2 also includes a plurality of support rollers disposed below the belt body. The plurality of support rollers are evenly distributed to provide stable support for the conveyor belt 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the conveyor belt 2 during operation and reducing the adverse effects on the detection and sorting process caused by the shaking of the conveyor belt 2.

[0053] Specifically, the structure of the injection unit 6 includes multiple arrayed air nozzles and solenoid valves for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzles. The number of rows of air nozzles ranges from 2 to 5. Each air nozzle is connected to an external air source, and each nozzle is equipped with an independent solenoid valve; that is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between air nozzles and solenoid valves. This arrayed air nozzle design allows for targeted opening of the appropriate air nozzles based on the specific location and density of the coal gangue as it passes through the injection unit 6. This enables precise control of the horizontal velocity of the coal gangue, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the sorting process and effectively reducing sorting errors caused by inaccurate injection.

[0054] In order to solve the problem of not being able to determine whether the sorting is accurate, the above-mentioned dry sorting device also includes an X-ray fluorescence detector 7 installed in the tailings bin 8. The X-ray fluorescence detector 7 is used to detect the elemental characteristic peaks in the coal gangue (usually based on iron content).

[0055] The controller is connected to the X-ray fluorescence detector 7. Based on elemental characteristic peaks, the controller calculates the elemental characteristic values ​​of the coal gangue. It also calculates the continuous deviation of the average value of the elemental characteristic values ​​of multiple coal gangue samples within a single period (e.g., a 5-10 second time interval or 5-10 coal gangue samples). If the continuous deviation exceeds a deviation threshold (e.g., 20% of the average value), it indicates low sorting accuracy, and the controller readjusts the sorting density threshold. This allows for real-time evaluation and feedback of the sorting accuracy through the X-ray fluorescence detector 7. When low accuracy is detected, the controller promptly readjusts the sorting density threshold, enabling the sorting device to quickly adapt to changes in coal gangue properties and maintain high sorting precision. Furthermore, the method of calculating the continuous deviation of the average value of the elemental characteristic values ​​of multiple coal gangue samples within a single period effectively reduces misjudgments caused by individual coal gangue anomalies, improving the accuracy and stability of the sorting accuracy assessment.

[0056] It should be noted that by setting up the X-ray source 3, lidar 4, X-ray acquisition card 5, and X-ray fluorescence detector 7, the thickness, density, and elemental characteristic values ​​of coal gangue are correlated, forming a closed-loop control system. This allows the entire dry separation device to continuously optimize the separation parameters according to the actual situation, further improving the separation effect and efficiency, greatly enhancing the practicality and adaptability of the dry separation device, and better meeting the strict requirements for coal gangue separation in actual production.

[0057] It is worth noting that, due to the use of dry separation, there are requirements for the moisture content of coal gangue, which is usually below 8%. If the moisture content of coal gangue is too high, it will also affect the separation accuracy. Therefore, the above-mentioned dry separation device also includes a drying unit located at the feed end of the vibrating feeding unit 1. In this way, before the coal gangue enters the vibrating feeding unit 1, the drying unit can pre-dry it, effectively reducing the moisture content of the coal gangue. This ensures that the moisture content of the coal gangue entering the subsequent separation process meets the requirements, reduces the problem of decreased separation accuracy caused by excessive moisture content, and thus ensures the efficient and stable operation of the entire dry separation device, further improving the quality and efficiency of coal gangue separation.

[0058] Specifically, the structure of the drying unit includes a drying chamber 10 and a hot air supply unit 11. The air outlet of the hot air supply unit 11 is located in the drying chamber 10, and the bottom of the drying chamber 10 is the discharge port. In this way, after the coal gangue enters the drying chamber 10, the moisture on the surface of the coal gangue is rapidly heated and evaporated under the action of the hot air supply unit 11.

[0059] In order to control the falling speed of coal gangue and ensure that it is fully dried, the drying unit also includes a screen plate assembly disposed in the drying chamber 10.

[0060] Specifically, for coal gangue with high moisture content (more than 15%), the residence time of the coal gangue in the drying chamber 10 should be appropriately extended, while for coal gangue with lower moisture content (8% to 15%), the residence time of the coal gangue in the drying chamber 10 can be shortened.

[0061] For details regarding the structure of the sieve plate assembly, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 It includes a main screen plate, a first auxiliary screen plate 15, a second auxiliary screen plate 12, and a rotating shaft arranged sequentially from top to bottom. One end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the main screen plate, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the side wall of the drying chamber 10. The feed inlet of the drying chamber 10 is located directly above the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft divides the main screen plate into a long plate segment 13 and a short plate segment 14 along its length.

[0062] The first sieve plate 15 is located below the long plate section 13 and has a first overlapping portion with the projection of the long plate section 13 in the vertical direction; the second sieve plate 12 is located below the short plate section 14 and has a second overlapping portion with the projection of the short plate section 14 in the vertical direction, the length of the first overlapping portion is greater than the length of the second overlapping portion; the projections of the first sieve plate 15 and the second sieve plate 12 in the vertical direction do not overlap.

[0063] In order to detect the water content of coal gangue in real time, the drying unit also includes a water content detector, which is connected to the controller.

[0064] The water content detector monitors the water content data of coal gangue in real time and transmits it to the controller;

[0065] The controller determines whether the moisture content data exceeds a first moisture content threshold (e.g., 15%).

[0066] If so, the main screen plate is driven to rotate via the rotating shaft, causing it to tilt downwards along the direction from the short section 14 to the long section 13. The coal gangue falls through the long section 13, the first secondary screen plate 15, and the gap between the first secondary screen plate 15 and the second secondary screen plate 12, before leaving the drying chamber 10. (See [reference]) Figure 2 ;

[0067] If not, determine whether the moisture content data exceeds the second moisture content threshold (e.g., 8%).

[0068] If so, the main screen plate is driven to rotate via the rotating shaft, causing it to tilt downwards along the direction from the long plate section 13 to the short plate section 14. The falling path of the coal gangue is the short plate section 14, the second auxiliary screen plate 12, and the gap between the first auxiliary screen plate 15 and the second auxiliary screen plate 12, before leaving the drying chamber 10. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 .

[0069] In this way, through the coordinated work of the moisture content detector and the controller, the tilt direction of the main screen plate can be precisely controlled according to the actual moisture content of the coal gangue, thereby flexibly adjusting the falling path of the coal gangue in the drying chamber 10.

[0070] For coal gangue with high moisture content, it is made to fall through a relatively long path, that is, through the short plate section 14, the second secondary screen plate 12, and the gap between the first secondary screen plate 15 and the second secondary screen plate 12, so as to extend its residence time in the drying chamber 10 and ensure that there is enough time for thorough drying.

[0071] For coal gangue with low moisture content, it is made to fall through a relatively short path, that is, through the long plate section 13, the first secondary screen plate 15, and the gap between the first secondary screen plate 15 and the second secondary screen plate 12, so as to shorten its residence time in the drying chamber 10 and reduce energy waste caused by excessive drying.

[0072] By adopting the above-mentioned drying control method, the drying efficiency can be effectively improved and energy consumption can be reduced. At the same time, it can ensure that the moisture content of coal gangue entering the subsequent sorting process meets the requirements, further improve the sorting accuracy and stability of the entire dry sorting device, and enhance its adaptability and practicality in coal gangue sorting scenarios with different moisture contents.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry sorting device, characterized in that, Includes conveyor belts, X-ray sources, lidar, X-ray acquisition cards, jetting units, tailings bins, and concentrate bins; The spraying unit is located below the discharge end of the conveyor belt, and the tailings bin and concentrate bin are located below the spraying unit, and the tailings bin and concentrate bin are arranged sequentially along the spraying direction of the spraying unit. The X-ray source and lidar are positioned above the conveyor belt and arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement, while the X-ray acquisition card is positioned below the conveyor belt and corresponds to the position of the X-ray source.

2. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-ray source and lidar are arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement.

3. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry sorting device also includes a vibrating cloth unit, the discharge end of which is located above the feed end of the conveyor belt.

4. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibrating material distribution unit includes a vibrating feeder, a guide chute, and a vibrating screen arranged sequentially along the direction of coal gangue movement.

5. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor belt includes a belt body and baffles disposed on both sides of the belt body.

6. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conveyor belt also includes multiple support rollers located below the belt body, and the multiple support rollers are evenly distributed.

7. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blowing unit includes multiple air nozzles arranged in an array and a solenoid valve for controlling the opening and closing of the air nozzles. The multiple air nozzles are respectively connected to an external air source.

8. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each air nozzle corresponds to a solenoid valve.

9. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry separation device also includes an X-ray fluorescence detector installed in the tailings bin, which is used to detect elemental characteristic peaks in coal gangue.

10. The dry sorting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry sorting device also includes a drying unit located at the feed end of the vibrating cloth unit.

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