Composition, polyether polyol, polyurethane composition, polyurethane foam and refrigeration equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a composition, polyether polyol, a polyurethane composition, polyurethane foam and refrigeration equipment. The composition is used for preparing polyether polyol and comprises an initiator and an epoxy monomer, the initiator comprises cane sugar, an aromatic diamine compound and ethylene glycol, the mass percent of the cane sugar in the initiator is 35%-40%, the mass percent of the aromatic diamine compound in the initiator is 10%-15%, and the mass percent of the ethylene glycol in the initiator is 50%-55%. The initiator for preparing the polyether polyol comprises the cane sugar, the aromatic diamine compound and the ethylene glycol, the aromatic diamine compound contains a benzene ring, and the rigid structure of the benzene ring can limit the movement of a molecular chain and increase the rigidity and crosslinking density of the molecular chain; therefore, the rigid structure of the benzene ring can improve the overall strength of the polyurethane foam and improve the dimensional stability of the polyurethane foam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of polyurethane technology, and particularly relates to a composition, a polyether polyol, a polyurethane composition, a polyurethane foam, and a refrigeration device. Background Technology

[0002] As living standards improve, people's demand for storage space in refrigerators is gradually increasing, and large-capacity refrigerators are becoming more and more popular among users.

[0003] To meet users' demand for large-capacity refrigerators, current technology expands the effective volume by reducing the thickness of the insulation layer (polyurethane foam) while maintaining good insulation performance. However, thinning the insulation layer reduces its structural strength, making it prone to problems such as insufficient pressure resistance and deformation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a polyurethane foam material with higher strength. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a composition, a polyether polyol, a polyurethane composition, a polyurethane foam, and a refrigeration device to address the problem that the strength of existing polyurethane foams needs to be improved.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a composition for preparing polyether polyols. The composition includes an initiator and an epoxy monomer. The initiator includes sucrose, an aromatic diamine compound, and ethylene glycol. The sucrose in the initiator has a mass percentage of 35% to 40%, the aromatic diamine compound in the initiator has a mass percentage of 10% to 15%, and the ethylene glycol in the initiator has a mass percentage of 50% to 55%.

[0007] Optionally, by weight, the composition comprises 100 parts of the initiator and 220 to 250 parts of the epoxy monomer; and / or, the aromatic diamine compound comprises one or more of diethyltoluenediamine and p-xylenediamine; and / or, the epoxy monomer comprises one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butane oxide.

[0008] Optionally, the composition further includes an alkaline catalyst, which includes one or more of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

[0009] Optionally, the composition comprises, by weight, 100 parts of the initiator, 220 to 250 parts of the epoxy monomer, and 0.6 to 1.2 parts of the alkaline catalyst.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a polyether polyol, which is prepared by reacting the above-mentioned composition.

[0011] Optionally, the polyether polyol has a hydroxyl value of 540 mg KOH / g to 560 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 5100 mPa·s to 5300 mPa·s at 25°C, and a moisture content of ≤0.05%.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a polyurethane composition, the polyurethane composition comprising a white component, a foaming agent, and a black component, the white component comprising a polyether polyol, a polymeric polyol, and an additive, the black component comprising an isocyanate, and the polyether polyol being the aforementioned polyether polyol.

[0013] Optionally, the polyurethane composition comprises, by weight parts: 85 to 100 parts of the polyether polyol, 10 to 15 parts of the polymer polyol, 78 to 125 parts of the foaming agent, 2.5 to 4.5 parts of the additives, and 140 parts of the isocyanate.

[0014] Optionally, the polymer polyol has a hydroxyl value of 33 mg KOH / g to 43 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 4800 mPa·s to 5200 mPa·s at 25°C, and a moisture content of ≤0.05%; and / or, the isocyanate includes one or more of phenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate; and / or, the volume ratio of the white component to the black component is (1.9 to 2.05):1.

[0015] Optionally, the foaming agent comprises, by weight, 70 to 90 parts of cyclopentane, 5 to 20 parts of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, and 3 to 15 parts of expandable microspheres.

[0016] Optionally, the particle size of the expandable microspheres before expansion is 10 micrometers to 15 micrometers.

[0017] Optionally, the additives include 1 to 2.5 parts of surfactant, 1 to 2 parts of amine catalyst, and 0.5 to 2 parts of water.

[0018] Optionally, the surfactant includes one or more of silicone oil B8545, silicone oil L6863, silicone oil AK88310, silicone oil B8496, and silicone oil UR-5961; and / or, the amine catalyst includes one or more of tetramethylhexanediamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexaneamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, dimethylbenzylamine, triethylenediamine, and 2-hydroxypropyltricarboxylic acid ammonium; and / or, the water is purified water.

[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a polyurethane foam, which is obtained by foaming the above-mentioned polyurethane composition.

[0020] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a refrigeration device, the refrigeration device comprising the polyurethane foam described above.

[0021] The compositions, polyether polyols, polyurethane compositions, polyurethane foams, and refrigeration equipment provided in this application embodiment, by setting the initiator in the composition to include sucrose, aromatic diamine compounds, and ethylene glycol, wherein the aromatic diamine compounds contain benzene rings, the rigid structure of the benzene rings can restrict the movement of molecular chains, increase the rigidity of molecular chains and crosslinking density, thereby when polyurethane foam is prepared using a polyurethane composition containing polyether polyols obtained by reacting the present composition, the rigid structure of the benzene rings can improve the overall strength of the polyurethane foam, enabling the polyurethane foam to better withstand external loads, reduce deformation, and improve the dimensional stability of the polyurethane foam. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to". The term "exemplary" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or illustration", and any embodiment described as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features.

[0024] Various embodiments of this application may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a hard limitation on the scope of the invention; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges, such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which applies regardless of the range.

[0025] This application provides a composition for polyether polyols, the composition comprising an initiator and an epoxy monomer, the initiator comprising sucrose, an aromatic diamine compound and ethylene glycol, wherein the sucrose comprises 35% to 40% by mass in the initiator, the aromatic diamine compound comprises 10% to 18% by mass in the initiator, and the ethylene glycol comprises 50% to 60% by mass in the initiator.

[0026] The composition provided in this application includes sucrose, an aromatic diamine compound, and ethylene glycol as the initiator. The aromatic diamine compound contains a benzene ring, and the rigid structure of the benzene ring can restrict the movement of molecular chains, increase the rigidity of molecular chains and crosslinking density. Therefore, when polyurethane foam is prepared using a polyurethane composition containing a polyether polyol obtained by reacting this composition, the rigid structure of the benzene ring can improve the overall strength of the polyurethane foam, enabling the polyurethane foam to better withstand external loads, reduce deformation, and improve the dimensional stability of the polyurethane foam.

[0027] In addition, during the preparation of polyurethane foam, the amino activity of aromatic diamine compounds can accelerate the reaction between polyether polyols and isocyanates, promote rapid foaming and curing, thereby improving production efficiency and shortening the production cycle.

[0028] Optionally, the mass percentage of sucrose in the initiator can be 35%, 35.5%, 36%, 36.5%, 37%, 37.5%, 38%, 38.5%, 39%, 39.5%, 40%, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the mass percentage of the aromatic diamine compound in the initiator can be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; and the mass percentage of ethylene glycol in the initiator can be 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0029] Optionally, the aromatic diamine compound includes one or more of diethyltoluenediamine and p-xylenediamine. The diethyltoluenediamine is present as a mixture of 80% 3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminotoluene and 20% 3,5-diethyl-2,6-diaminotoluene; the CAS number of the diethyltoluenediamine is 68479-98-1, and the CAS number of the p-xylenediamine is 539-48-0.

[0030] Optionally, the epoxy monomer includes one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butane oxide.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, the composition further includes an alkaline catalyst, which comprises one or more of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Adding the above-mentioned alkaline catalyst is beneficial for improving reaction efficiency and accelerating ring-opening polymerization.

[0032] Optionally, the composition comprises, by weight parts, 100 parts of the initiator, 220 to 250 parts of the epoxy monomer, and 0.6 to 1.2 parts of the alkaline catalyst. Exemplarily, the weight parts of the epoxy monomer can be 220, 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, or 250 parts, etc.; and the weight parts of the alkaline catalyst can be 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, or 1.2 parts, etc.

[0033] This application provides a polyether polyol, which is prepared by reacting the above-described composition.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol is 540 mg KOH / g to 560 mg KOH / g, the viscosity at 25°C is 5100 mPa·s to 5300 mPa·s, and the moisture content is ≤0.05%. Exemplarily, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol can be 540 mg KOH / g, 545 mg KOH / g, 550 mg KOH / g, 555 mg KOH / g, 560 mg KOH / g, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the viscosity at 25°C can be 5100 mPa·s, 5150 mPa·s, 5200 mPa·s, 5250 mPa·s, 5300 mPa·s, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; and the moisture content can be 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0035] Optionally, the polyether polyol can be prepared by the following method: Ethylene glycol is heated to 58°C–62°C (e.g., 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61°C, or 62°C), and sucrose is slowly added while stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a sucrose-diethanol solution. Diethyltoluene diamine is then slowly added dropwise to the sucrose-diethanol solution while stirring with a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 450 rpm–550 rpm (e.g., 450 rpm, 500 rpm, or 550 rpm). After the addition of diethyltoluene diamine is complete, the resulting mixture is poured into a high-speed shear emulsifier. The mixture is further dispersed at a rotation speed of 11500 rpm to 12500 rpm (e.g., 11500 rpm, 12000 rpm, or 12500 rpm) for 10 to 12 minutes (e.g., 10 minutes, 11 minutes, or 12 minutes), and then placed in an ultrasonic reactor for ultrasonic homogenization for 4 to 6 minutes (e.g., 4 minutes, 5 minutes, or 6 minutes) to achieve a more uniform mixture. After the initiator is uniformly mixed, it undergoes ring-opening copolymerization with the epoxy monomer under the action of the first catalyst to form a polyether polyol. When the first catalyst is an alkaline catalyst (e.g., potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide), diethyltoluene diamine, being alkaline, plays a synergistic catalytic role in the ring-opening polymerization process, thus reducing the amount of the first catalyst used.

[0036] This application also provides a polyurethane composition comprising a white component, a foaming agent, and a black component. The white component comprises a polyether polyol, a polymeric polyol (POP), and additives. The black component comprises an isocyanate. The specific structure of the polyether polyol is as described in the above embodiments. Since this polyurethane composition employs all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the polyurethane composition comprises, by weight parts: 85-100 parts of the polyether polyol, 10-15 parts of the polymer polyol, 78-125 parts of the blowing agent, 2.5-4.5 parts of the additives, and 140 parts of the isocyanate. By controlling the proportions of each raw material in the polyurethane composition within the above range, it is beneficial to improve the overall strength of the polyurethane foam, enable the polyurethane foam to better withstand external loads, reduce deformation, and improve the dimensional stability of the polyurethane foam.

[0038] For example, the mass fraction of the polyether polyol can be 85 parts, 86 parts, 87 parts, 88 parts, 89 parts, 91 parts, 92 parts, 93 parts, 94 parts, 95 parts, 96 parts, 97 parts, 98 parts, 99 parts, 100 parts, or any range between the aforementioned values; the polymer polyol POP The mass fractions of the foaming agent can be 10 parts, 10.5 parts, 11 parts, 11.5 parts, 12 parts, 12.5 parts, 13 parts, 13.5 parts, 14 parts, 14.5 parts, 15 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the mass fractions of the foaming agent can be 78 parts, 85 parts, 90 parts, 95 parts, 98 parts, 100 parts, 105 parts, 110 parts, 115 parts, 125 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the mass fractions of the additives can be 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0039] The polymer polyol has a hydroxyl value of 33 mg KOH / g to 43 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 4800 mPa·s to 5200 mPa·s at 25°C, and a moisture content of ≤0.05%.

[0040] For example, the hydroxyl value of the polymer polyol can be 33 mg KOH / g, 34 mg KOH / g, 35 mg KOH / g, 36 mg KOH / g, 37 mg KOH / g, 38 mg KOH / g, 39 mg KOH / g, 40 mg KOH / g, 41 mg KOH / g, 42 mg KOH / g, 43 mg KOH / g, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the viscosity at 25°C can be 4800 mPa·s, 4850 mPa·s, 4900 mPa·s, 49500 mPa·s, 5000 mPa·s, 5050 mPa·s, 5100 mPa·s, 5150 mPa·s, 5200 mPa·s, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; and the moisture content can be 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0041] Optionally, the isocyanate includes one or more of phenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The phenylmethane diisocyanate may be polymeric phenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), and the -NCO content of the polymeric phenylmethane diisocyanate is 26% to 28%, for example, 26%, 26.5%, 27%, 27.5%, 28%, or any range between two of the aforementioned values.

[0042] Optionally, the volume ratio of the white material to the black material is (1.9~2.05):1. For example, the volume ratio of the white material to the black material can be 1.9:1, 1.94:1, 2.0:1 or 2.05:1, etc., and can be set according to actual needs.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the foaming agent includes 70 to 90 parts of cyclopentane, 5 to 20 parts of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene (abbreviated as HFO-1233zd(E)) and 3 to 15 parts of expandable microspheres.

[0044] Cyclopentane has a boiling point of 49℃ and a density of 0.75 g / cm³. 3 It exhibits good compatibility with polyether polyols, with a thermal conductivity of 0.018 W / (mK) to 0.022 W / (mK) in rigid polyurethane foam systems. Its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0, and its global warming potential (GWP) is 11. LBA has a boiling point of 20℃ and a density of 1.3 g / cm³. 3 ~1.5g / cm 3 It is easy to mix with a variety of organic solvents. The thermal conductivity in the polyurethane rigid foam foaming system is 12W / (mK)~13W / (mK), the ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0, and the global warming potential (GWP) is 0. Expandable microspheres are composed of a thermoplastic resin shell and low-boiling point hydrocarbons inside. The shell is usually an acrylonitrile copolymer, and the low-boiling point alkane inside is usually isopentane. Expandable microspheres have the following advantages when used as a polyurethane foaming agent: (1) Gas sealing: The foaming agent (such as isopentane) inside the microsphere is permanently sealed by the thermoplastic shell (such as acrylonitrile copolymer), and hardly escapes (leakage rate <1% / year), and the GWP effect is negligible; (2) No risk of ozone layer destruction (ODP=0) The gas inside the microsphere is sealed. It is usually a hydrocarbon (such as isopentane) or an inert gas, does not contain chlorine / bromine elements, and meets the requirements of the Montreal Protocol; (3) High safety: microspheres are stable at room temperature, do not require an explosion-proof production environment, and there is no risk of sudden release of flammable gas when disassembling; (4) Reduce material waste and cell stability: the microsphere structure is resistant to collapse and has a stable long-term thermal conductivity value, which can extend the life of polyurethane foam and reduce waste generation; (5) Precise foaming control: the microsphere expansion rate can be predicted, reducing waste caused by poor foaming.

[0045] This application utilizes a blowing agent comprising three components: cyclopentane, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, and expandable microspheres, and controls the proportions of these three components within the aforementioned range. This allows for the preparation of more environmentally friendly polyurethane foam, while simultaneously reducing the probability of blowing agent escape and extending the lifespan of the polyurethane foam. Furthermore, the use of this blowing agent facilitates the development of refrigeration equipment (such as refrigerators) that combines cost-effectiveness with large capacity and lightweight construction, thus meeting environmental and economic requirements.

[0046] Optionally, the mass fraction of the cyclopentane can be 70 parts, 72 parts, 75 parts, 78 parts, 80 parts, 83 parts, 85 parts, 88 parts, 90 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the mass fraction of the trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene can be 5 parts, 7 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; and the mass fraction of the expandable microspheres can be 3 parts, 5 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0047] Optionally, the unexpanded particle size of the expandable microspheres is 10 to 15 micrometers. By using expandable microspheres with an unexpanded particle size of 10 to 15 micrometers, the mass can be reduced in relative volume after the microspheres expand without significantly affecting the strength of the polyurethane foam. For example, the unexpanded particle size of the expandable microspheres can be 10 micrometers, 10.5 micrometers, 11 micrometers, 11.5 micrometers, 12 micrometers, 12.5 micrometers, 13 micrometers, 13.5 micrometers, 14 micrometers, 14.5 micrometers, 15 micrometers, or any range between two of the aforementioned values.

[0048] Optionally, the expandable microspheres may be Expansion microspheres manufactured by AkzoNobel.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the additives include 1 to 2.5 parts of surfactant, 1 to 2 parts of amine catalyst, and 0.5 to 2 parts of water. By adding the surfactant, the surface tension of the system can be reduced, allowing for uniform bubble distribution and preventing bubble collapse, thereby improving the strength of the polyurethane foam. By adding the amine catalyst, the reaction rate is increased, accelerating the reaction process. Adjusting the amount of amine catalyst allows control over the density, hardness, and mechanical properties of the polyurethane foam, further enhancing its strength. Adding water allows it to react with isocyanate to generate carbon dioxide and urea groups. These urea groups further participate in the crosslinking reaction, thereby improving the strength and durability of the polyurethane foam.

[0050] For example, the mass fraction of the surfactant can be 1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, 2.3 parts, 2.5 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; the mass fraction of the amine catalyst can be 1 part, 1.1 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 1.9 parts, 2 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values; and the mass fraction of the water can be 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 1.0 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.8 parts, 2 parts, or any range between any two of the aforementioned values.

[0051] Optionally, the surfactant may be an organosilicon surfactant, including one or more of silicone oil B8545, silicone oil L6863, silicone oil AK88310, silicone oil B8496 and silicone oil UR-5961.

[0052] Optionally, the amine catalyst includes one or more of tetramethylhexanediamine (TMHDA), N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PC-5), dimethylbenzylamine (BDMA), triethylenediamine, and 2-hydroxypropyltricarboxylic acid ammonium (TMR-2).

[0053] Optionally, the water is purified water.

[0054] This application also provides a polyurethane foam, which is obtained by foaming the above-described polyurethane composition.

[0055] Specifically, the compressive strength of the polyurethane foam is 120 kPa to 180 kPa. For example, the compressive strength of the polyurethane foam can be 120 kPa, 130 kPa, 140 kPa, 150 kPa, 160 kPa, 170 kPa, 180 kPa, or any range between two of the aforementioned values.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the polyurethane composition can be prepared by the following method: At room temperature, polyether polyol and polymeric polyol POP are mixed uniformly in a mixing tank, followed by the addition of surfactant, catalyst, and water, and mixed uniformly to obtain a white component; cyclopentane and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene are mixed uniformly, then injected into a mixing head at 15°C~17°C, followed by the addition of expandable microspheres, and stirred until uniformly dispersed using a high-speed mixer; the black component is conveyed to the mixing head through an independent pipeline, and the volume of the white component and the black component... The product ratio is (1.9~2.05):1), and after mixing, a polyurethane composition is obtained. The mold is preheated to 40℃~45℃, and the polyurethane composition is injected into the mold through the mixing head (the mixing head pressure is 130bar~150bar). After free foaming for 25s~45s, the mold temperature is maintained at 40℃~50℃, and the curing time is 5min~9min. Then, it is transferred to an oven at 85℃~95℃ and maintained for 10min~12min. Subsequently, it is demolded and cured at room temperature for 23h~25h to obtain polyurethane foam.

[0057] This application also provides a refrigeration device, which includes polyurethane foam, the specific structure of which is described in the above embodiments. Since this refrigeration device employs all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0058] Optionally, the refrigeration equipment can be a refrigerator, freezer, biological sample transport box, or cold chain container, etc., and the polyurethane foam can be used as a heat insulation material for the refrigeration equipment.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0060] The technical solutions and effects of this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and comparative examples. The following embodiments are only some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0061] Example 1 This embodiment 1 provides a polyurethane foam, the raw materials of which are as follows: The polyether polyol comprises 90 parts by mass. The preparation method is as follows: ethylene glycol is heated to 60°C, sucrose is slowly added, and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a sucrose-diethanol solution. Diethyltoluenediamine is slowly added dropwise to the sucrose-diethanol solution while stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 500 rpm. After the addition of diethyltoluenediamine, the resulting mixture is poured into a high-speed shear emulsifier and further dispersed at 12000 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, it is placed in an ultrasonic reactor and sonicated for 5 minutes for homogenization to ensure a more uniform mixture. After the initiator is uniformly mixed, it undergoes ring-opening copolymerization with propylene oxide under the action of potassium hydroxide to form the polyether polyol. The mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluenediamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator are 35%, 15%, and 50%, respectively. By mass, the initiator comprises 100 parts, propylene oxide comprises 235 parts, and potassium hydroxide comprises 0.9 parts.

[0062] 10 parts of polymeric polyol POP, purchased from Wanhua Chemical Company.

[0063] Foaming agent: 85 parts cyclopentane, 5 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and 5 parts expandable microspheres; wherein, cyclopentane was purchased from Shandong Xuchen Chemical Co., Ltd., CAS No. 287-92-3, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trichloropropene was purchased from Guangdong Wengjiang Reagent Co., Ltd., CAS No. 102687-65-0; the expandable microspheres were Expansion microspheres, purchased from AkzoNobel, model 551DU40.

[0064] Surfactant: 1 part of silicone oil AK88310.

[0065] Catalyst: 1 part N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

[0066] Water; 0.5 parts, purified water purchased from Wahaha Group.

[0067] PMDI (-NCO content 27%): 140 samples.

[0068] The method for preparing the polyurethane foam includes the following steps: At room temperature, polyether polyol and polymer polyol POP are mixed evenly in a mixing tank, and then surfactant, catalyst and water are added and mixed evenly to obtain white material; Cyclopentane and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene were mixed evenly and injected into a mixing head at 16°C. Expandable microspheres were then added and stirred with a high-speed mixer until evenly dispersed. PMDI was delivered to the mixing head through an independent pipeline, with a volume ratio of white material to PMDI of 1.94:1. After mixing, a polyurethane composition was obtained. The mold was preheated to 45°C, and the polyurethane composition was injected into the mold through the mixing head (mixing head pressure of 140 bar). After free foaming for 28 seconds, the mold temperature was maintained at 40°C for 5 minutes, and then the mold was transferred to an oven at 90°C for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the mold was demolded and cured at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain polyurethane foam.

[0069] Example 2 Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: In Example 2, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 38%, 10%, and 52%, respectively.

[0070] The composition consists of 100 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 70 parts cyclopentane, 15 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 15 parts expandable microspheres, 2.5 parts surfactant, and 1 part water.

[0071] Example 3 Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: In Example 3, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 40%, 10%, and 50%, respectively.

[0072] The composition consists of 100 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 70 parts cyclopentane, 15 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 15 parts expandable microspheres, 2.5 parts surfactant, and 1 part water.

[0073] Example 4 Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: In Example 4, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 35%, 12%, and 53%, respectively.

[0074] The composition is 100 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 75 parts cyclopentane, 20 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, and 2 parts surfactant.

[0075] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: In Example 5, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 35%, 10%, and 55%, respectively.

[0076] The composition consists of 85 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 90 parts cyclopentane, 10 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 3 parts expandable microspheres, 1.5 parts surfactant, 2 parts catalyst, and 2 parts water.

[0077] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 2, except that: In Comparative Example 1, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 33%, 19%, and 48%, respectively.

[0078] The composition consists of 80 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 85 parts cyclopentane, 10 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 3 parts expandable microspheres, 1.5 parts surfactant, 2 parts catalyst, and 2 parts water.

[0079] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 2, except that: In Comparative Example 2, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 42%, 6%, and 52%, respectively.

[0080] The composition consists of 80 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 85 parts cyclopentane, 10 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 3 parts expandable microspheres, 1.5 parts surfactant, 2 parts catalyst, and 2 parts water.

[0081] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 2, except that: In Comparative Example 3, the mass fractions of sucrose, diethyltoluene diamine, and ethylene glycol in the initiator were 34%, 9%, and 57%, respectively.

[0082] The composition consists of 80 parts polyether polyol, 15 parts polymer polyol POP, 85 parts cyclopentane, 10 parts trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 3 parts expandable microspheres, 1.5 parts surfactant, 2 parts catalyst, and 2 parts water.

[0083] The polyurethane foams of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are detailed in Table 1 below. The performance test items included: gel time, density, dimensional change rate, and compressive strength. The test methods for each property are as follows: (1) Gel time: measured according to ASTM D7487; (2) Density: Measured in accordance with GB / T 6343-2009 "Determination of apparent density of foamed plastics and rubber"; (3) Dimensional change rate: measured in accordance with GB / T 8811-2008 "Test method for dimensional stability of rigid foam plastics"; (4) Compressive strength: According to GB / T 8813-2020 "Determination of compressive properties of rigid foam plastics".

[0084] Table 1

[0085] As shown in Table 1, the dimensional change rates of the polyurethane foams in Examples 1-5 are all lower than those in Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the polyurethane foams in Examples 1-5 have better dimensional stability, which is beneficial for extending the service life of the polyurethane foams. The reason for the difference in dimensional change rate may be that: Comparative Example 1 added too much diethyltoluene diamine, which accelerated the curing rate, shortened the gel time, and resulted in poor mixing uniformity, leading to a larger dimensional change rate; while Comparative Examples 2 and 3 added too little diethyltoluene diamine, causing the polyurethane foams in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 to be more prone to deformation and have a larger dimensional change rate compared to Examples 1-5.

[0086] The density and compressive strength of the polyurethane foams in Examples 1-5 are all greater than those in Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that the strength of the polyurethane foams in Examples 1-5 is higher than that of the polyurethane foams in Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0087] The compositions, polyether polyols, polyurethane compositions, polyurethane foams, and mass refrigeration equipment provided in the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A composition, characterized in that, For preparing polyether polyols, the composition includes an initiator and an epoxy monomer, wherein the initiator includes sucrose, an aromatic diamine compound and ethylene glycol, wherein the sucrose in the initiator has a mass percentage of 35% to 40%, the aromatic diamine compound in the initiator has a mass percentage of 10% to 15%, and the ethylene glycol in the initiator has a mass percentage of 50% to 55%.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition comprises, by weight, 100 parts of the initiator and 220 to 250 parts of the epoxy monomer; And / or, the aromatic diamine compound includes one or more of diethyltoluenediamine and p-xylenediamine; And / or, the epoxy monomer includes one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butane oxide.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition further includes an alkaline catalyst, which includes one or more of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

4. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The composition comprises, by weight, 100 parts of the initiator, 220 to 250 parts of the epoxy monomer, and 0.6 to 1.2 parts of the alkaline catalyst.

5. A polyether polyol, characterized in that, The polyether polyol is prepared by reacting the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The polyether polyol according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polyether polyol has a hydroxyl value of 540 mg KOH / g to 560 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 5100 mPa·s to 5300 mPa·s at 25°C, and a moisture content of ≤0.05%.

7. A polyurethane composition, characterized in that, The polyurethane composition includes a white component, a foaming agent, and a black component. The white component includes a polyether polyol, a polymeric polyol, and an additive. The black component includes an isocyanate. The polyether polyol is the polyether polyol according to any one of claims 5 to 6.

8. The polyurethane composition according to claim 7, characterized in that, The polyurethane composition comprises, by parts by weight: The polyether polyol is 85 to 100 parts; The polymer polyol is 10 to 15 parts; The foaming agent is 78 to 125 parts; The auxiliary agent is used in quantities of 2.5 to 4.5 parts. 140 parts of the isocyanate.

9. The polyurethane composition according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The polymer polyol has a hydroxyl value of 33 mg KOH / g to 43 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 4800 mPa·s to 5200 mPa·s at 25°C, and a moisture content of ≤0.05%. And / or, the isocyanate includes one or more of phenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and toluene diisocyanate; And / or, the volume ratio of the white material to the black material is (1.9~2.05):

1.

10. The polyurethane composition according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The foaming agent comprises, by weight, 70 to 90 parts of cyclopentane, 5 to 20 parts of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, and 3 to 15 parts of expandable microspheres.

11. The polyurethane composition according to claim 10, characterized in that, The expandable microspheres have a particle size of 10 to 15 micrometers before expansion.

12. The polyurethane composition according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The additives include 1 to 2.5 parts of surfactant, 1 to 2 parts of amine catalyst, and 0.5 to 2 parts of water.

13. The polyurethane composition according to claim 12, characterized in that, The surfactant includes one or more of silicone oil B8545, silicone oil L6863, silicone oil AK88310, silicone oil B8496, and silicone oil UR-5961; And / or, the amine catalyst comprises one or more of tetramethylhexanediamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexaneamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, dimethylbenzylamine, triethylenediamine, and 2-hydroxypropyltricarboxylic acid ammonium; And / or, the water is purified water.

14. A polyurethane foam, characterized in that, It is prepared by foaming the polyurethane composition according to any one of claims 7 to 13.

15. A refrigeration device, characterized in that, The refrigeration equipment includes the polyurethane foam as described in claim 14.

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