Combination vehicle, connection system and method for connecting tractor to trailer

Abstract

The invention relates to a combination vehicle, a connection system and a method for connecting a tractor to a trailer. The tractor and the trailer each have an interface for transmitting electrical energy, compressed air and / or data, and the combination vehicle is provided with a multi-component connection system comprising a first plug-in unit connected to the tractor interface and a second plug-in unit connected to the trailer interface, the first plug-in unit can be temporarily connected to the second plug-in unit in order to enable the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data between the tractor and the trailer, the combination vehicle being provided with a transport device which can move the first plug-in unit towards the second plug-in unit, the combination vehicle is provided with an auxiliary device, and the auxiliary device is used for providing assistance for the plugging operation between the first plugging unit and the second plugging unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a combination vehicle for connecting a towing vehicle to a trailer, a connection system and a method. BACKGROUND

[0002] A combination vehicle comprises a towing vehicle and at least one trailer. Examples of a towing vehicle include a tractor in a semi-trailer tractor, a motor vehicle in an articulated vehicle, and a swap body truck. Correspondingly, examples of a trailer include a semi-trailer in a semi-trailer tractor, a trailer in an articulated vehicle, and a swap body.

[0003] A tractor and a semi-trailer constitute a combination vehicle, the mechanical connection system of which comprises a towing seat provided on the tractor and a towing pin located at the bottom of the semi-trailer, which can engage and lock with the towing seat. The towing seat connection disc is usually designed with a wedge-shaped entrance for connecting the semi-trailer in the direction of travel, wherein a free installation space is provided at the entrance, and at least one installation space depth of the installation space ensures that the towing pin can enter and exit the towing seat connection device. During the connection process, the semi-trailer slides relative to its vertical positioning on the surface of the towing seat connection disc. The lateral guidance is achieved by the towing pin, which is actively guided at the entrance during the connection process until it reaches its locked position. A method for connecting a tractor unit and a semi-trailer is known from Korean patent KR20200060650A.

[0004] Similarly, a motor vehicle and a trailer constitute an articulated vehicle, the mechanical connection system of which comprises a trailer connector or pin connector that is matched with the motor vehicle and has a towing bar hole, and a towing bar that is matched with the trailer and has a towing hole.

[0005] Such combinations are of great importance for the transport of goods. It is common that a tractor is not permanently combined with a trailer, but that the tractor is connected to different trailers of the same type as needed. At the end of a trip, the tractor usually parks the trailer. While the trailer is being loaded or unloaded, the tractor can be used to move another trailer. Therefore, tractors and trailers are frequently connected and disconnected. This makes it common for there to be more trailers than tractors. In order to enable semi-trailers to be parked, they are usually equipped with a landing gear that can act as a support when no tractor is connected to the semi-trailer.

[0006] Vehicle combinations are used both in controlled environments such as container terminals and in public environments such as roads. The conditions in controlled environments are usually more strictly defined. They have less disruptive effects, such as road users not related to the goods transport system, uneven road surfaces, unexpected road closures, etc. However, controlled environments also have much higher requirements for reliability.

[0007] In addition to the mechanical connection, the towing vehicle and the trailer are connected to one another for the transmission of various media, in particular compressed air and electrical energy. In recent years, data connections between the towing vehicle and the trailer have also become increasingly common. In order to transmit the media, there are usually plugs and sockets on the vehicles to which the transmission lines can be attached.

[0008] Attaching and removing the transmission lines is a time-consuming task and usually requires manual operation. This requires the worker to climb between the vehicles and manually operate the lines. In addition to the fact that the area between the vehicles is often dirty, there is also a risk of injury. It is therefore desirable to automate the connection of the vehicles for the transmission of media such as compressed air, electrical energy and data.

[0009] International patent publication WO 2022 / 150720 A2 and US patent US 11,560,188 B2 disclose two automation systems. Both systems are susceptible to environmental influences such as rain or dust. In addition, the connection shown in Fig. 1 of the US patent US 11,560,188 B2 is questionable in terms of both its ability to be flexible enough to adapt to the movement of the trailer relative to the towing vehicle and its ability to be rigid enough to enable the automation of the plug-in. Figure 3 c shown in Fig. 1 of the US patent US 11,560,188 B2 is questionable in terms of both its ability to be flexible enough to adapt to the movement of the trailer relative to the towing vehicle and its ability to be rigid enough to enable the automation of the plug-in.

[0010] German patent DE 102021209167 A1 and US patent US 2011 / 0037241 A1 each disclose a connection system for connecting a towing vehicle and a trailer.

[0011] US patent US 2024 / 0075778 A1 and international patent publication WO 2019 / 165147 A1 each disclose a system for connecting a gladhand connection device. SUMMARY

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the automation of the media connection between a towing vehicle and a trailer and in particular to ensure that the connection is repeatedly achieved and meets the mechanical requirements of everyday use.

[0013] This object is achieved by a combination vehicle according to claim 1.

[0014] The combination vehicle comprises a towing vehicle and a trailer, wherein the towing vehicle and the trailer each have an interface for the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data. The term "trailer" does not exclude the possibility that the vehicle in question itself has an engine for driving the axle.

[0015] The combination vehicle further comprises a multi-part connection system comprising a first plug-in unit connected to the tractor interface and a second plug-in unit connected to the trailer interface. An interface can be understood as a component, such as a plug or a socket, which enables a quick disconnection and reconnection of two parts of a conductor. However, an interface can also be considered to be present when two components are permanently connected to each other via a conductor. For example, the control unit of the tractor can be permanently connected to the first plug-in unit.

[0016] The first plug-in unit is temporarily connectable to the second plug-in unit in order to enable a transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data between the tractor and the trailer.

[0017] The combination vehicle further comprises a transport device which is able to move the first plug-in unit towards the second plug-in unit so that a plug-in operation (a delivery operation) between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit can be carried out subsequently. The transport device is preferably part of the tractor. The combination vehicle further comprises an assisting device which provides a mechanical assistance for the plug-in operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit, i.e. in particular exerts a force which assists the plug-in operation. The assisting device is preferably partly independent of the transport device. The delivery operation and the plug-in operation are part of an overall connection operation of the two plug-in units. A mechanical device which is assisted by an actuator, in particular an electric motor, is preferably provided as the assisting device.

[0018] The assisting device ensures that the plug-in operation is completed so that a medium can be transmitted between the vehicles. The assisting device can be designed to meet the mechanical requirements, in particular if it is provided independently of the transport device.

[0019] The plug-in units preferably have a plurality of plug-in contacts. For example, the plug-in contacts can be pins and pin sockets. The pins can be suitable for transmitting electrical energy, compressed air and data. The plug-in contacts preferably protrude in one direction from a base body of the respective plug-in unit. The plug-in contacts provide a resistance to the plug-in operation which has to be overcome in order to complete the plug-in operation. The plug-in contacts of a plug-in unit are preferably combined together to form a plug group, i.e. they are connected at the same time to plug-in contacts of the other plug-in unit. This means that it is neither necessary nor possible to connect individual plug-in contacts to the respective counterpart on the other plug-in unit.

[0020] In addition to or as an alternative to the plug-in contacts, the plug-in units can also have other transmission elements, such as transmitters and receivers of a contactless communication system, for example as described in international patent publication WO 2020 / 016420 A2.

[0021] The transport device preferably comprises a handling robot, particularly preferably a multi-joint robot arm. A multi-joint robot arm allows the first plug-in unit to be transported to the second plug-in unit with a certain precision. This ensures that the plug-in units are positioned correctly for the subsequent plug-in operation. The plug-in operation can also be performed in part by the transport device. In this case, a multi-joint robot arm is particularly suitable, since it is able to exert a certain plug-in force and to exert this plug-in force in a predetermined direction.

[0022] The transport device is preferably temporarily connected to the first plug-in unit and detachable from the first plug-in unit. This enables the transport device to move away from the first plug-in unit after the plug-in operation, for example to a stand-by position. This prevents the transport device from being damaged during travel. In particular, the first plug-in unit has a holder and the transport device has a gripper for gripping the holder. This ensures that the transport device can repeatedly firmly grip the first plug-in unit and then transport it to or away from the second plug-in unit. The gripper and the holder are preferably connected to each other in a form-fitting manner when holding.

[0023] The auxiliary device is preferably formed from a part of the first plug-in unit and a part of the second plug-in unit, which together mechanically assist the plug-in operation. Advantageously, the components cooperate in such a way that they can pull the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit together in the plug-in direction. In some preferred embodiments, the auxiliary device comprises two complementary threaded components and an electric motor, which is able to rotate one of the threaded components. When the transport device moves the first plug-in unit towards the second plug-in unit, i.e. brings the plug-in units closer together, the complementary threaded components come into contact with each other. If one of the threaded components is then rotated, the threaded components move translationally relative to each other. If one of the threaded components is arranged on the first plug-in unit and the second threaded component is arranged on the second plug-in unit, then in this way it is ultimately possible to move the two plug-in units towards each other. This provides mechanical assistance for the plug-in operation. The threaded components are preferably a threaded pin and an internally threaded component. The internally threaded component is particularly preferably a pin with an internal thread, which matches the threaded pin. The electric motor can be, for example, an electric motor or a pneumatic motor. The threaded pin, the pin and the plug-in contact point are preferably all arranged parallel to each other. The threaded components can also be a pinion and a rack.

[0024] The auxiliary device can also comprise a lever, which is attached to a plug-in unit and is able to engage with the other plug-in unit or with a component connected thereto, so that by a subsequent deflection of the lever mechanical assistance is provided for the plug-in operation. By means of the lever, a relatively large plug-in force can be exerted with a relatively small force. The lever can in particular be a toggle lever or a deflection lever.

[0025] The length of the pin protruding from the base of the associated plug-in unit in the plug-in direction is preferably greater than the length of all plug-in contacts of the plug-in unit. This ensures that the pin is the first part of the respective plug-in unit to come into contact with the other plug-in unit. This provides mechanical assistance throughout the entire plug-in operation at an early stage and throughout the entire length of the plug-in contact.

[0026] In some advantageous embodiments, the threaded pin is inserted into a hole having an inner diameter that is greater than the outer diameter of the threaded pin, and the outer diameter of the pin substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the hole. Thus, the threaded pin is protected from the environment. During the plug-in operation, the pin can be easily pushed into the hole, so that the pin and the threaded pin can be easily joined together.

[0027] Preferably, a centering aid is provided at the end of at least one threaded part, which is preferably a centering chamfer or a centering tip. It is even more advantageous if both threaded parts are provided with a centering aid. The centering aid ensures that the threaded parts are properly aligned, even if there are errors in the manufacturing or assembly process or if the parts are worn. The centering aid ensures that the threaded parts are properly aligned, even if there are errors in the manufacturing or assembly process or if the parts are worn.

[0028] In some advantageous embodiments, at least one threaded part is movable in the plug-in direction and is mounted in a spring-loaded manner. This design not only cushions the impact force when the two threaded parts come into contact, but also ensures that the threaded parts remain pressed against each other after contact, so that the threaded parts can effectively engage as soon as one of the threaded parts begins to rotate. In addition, this movable support structure can also be used to detect the presence of the other plug-in unit. To achieve this, a sensor is preferably provided, which detects the position of the threaded part in the plug-in direction and transmits a signal to the control unit when the threaded part has reached a predetermined position. Once the predetermined position has been reached, the motor can be controlled to, for example, rotate one of the threaded parts. This ensures that the motor only starts rotating when the two threaded parts are in close contact, thereby reducing energy consumption and preventing premature wear of the threaded parts.

[0029] Alternatively or additionally, a sensor can also be provided for detecting the relative position of the plug-in units in the plug-in direction and preferably transmitting a signal to the control unit when a predetermined position has been reached. Once the target position has been reached, the motor can be controlled to, for example, rotate one of the threaded parts. The sensor preferably comprises a sensing element that is arranged on the plug-in unit and is designed to detect a certain element on the other plug-in unit. The sensor is preferably attached to the plug-in unit that houses the motor, which facilitates control of the motor. The sensor is preferably arranged on the first plug-in unit, as this can be powered by the towing vehicle.

[0030] The sensor element is preferably a Hall sensor, an inductive sensor, a reed sensor or an optical sensor (e.g. a photocell). The element to be sensed by the sensor element can be an additional element specifically designed for sensing by the sensor element. However, the sensor element can also be designed and positioned in such a way that it can sense a component already present on the plug-in unit, e.g. a pin. The element to be sensed is preferably adapted to the sensor element, e.g. for a reed sensor the element to be sensed can be a magnet; for an inductive sensor the element to be sensed can be a metal component.

[0031] For example, the sensor element can be arranged on the front wall of the plug-in unit. In this way, the position of the other plug-in unit can be detected early when the two plug-in units start to contact each other.

[0032] It is advantageous to arrange the electric motor on the towing vehicle. The reason for this is that in a vehicle fleet the number of towing vehicles is usually smaller than the number of trailers. Some trailers are idle. If the electric motor is arranged on the towing vehicle, the total number of electric motors to be purchased is reduced, which reduces the total costs of the vehicle fleet.

[0033] In some advantageous embodiments, the electric motor and one of the threaded components are permanently attached to the first plug-in unit. This makes the auxiliary device mechanism compact. In other advantageous embodiments, the electric motor is attached to the transport device, one of the threaded components is attached to the first plug-in unit, and the first plug-in unit is provided with a coupling by means of which the electric motor can exert a torque or force on the threaded component. This allows the first plug-in unit to be made smaller, so that the length protruding from the trailer when the first plug-in unit is arranged on the trailer is smaller. The coupling can be, for example, a square coupling by means of which the electric motor can exert a torque or force on the threaded component.

[0034] Alternatively or in addition to the threaded components, other auxiliary devices can also be provided. For example, a pneumatic cylinder can be provided which is attached to one of the plug-in units and which, when this plug-in unit is close to the other plug-in unit, is connected to the other plug-in unit, in particular by means of a form-fitting connection such as a hooking connection. Subsequently, when the pneumatic cylinder is retracted, the two plug-in units can be pulled together. As an alternative or in addition, a switchable magnet can also be used to provide mechanical assistance for the plugging operation. The switchable magnet (electromagnet) comprises a coil which can be selectively connected to a power supply or disconnected from the power supply. When the coil is connected to the power supply, a magnetic field is generated which attracts a metal component on the other plug-in unit. This also provides mechanical assistance for the plugging operation.

[0035] To ensure that the plug connection remains stable during the journey of the combination vehicle, locking means are provided in some advantageous embodiments, which prevent the first plug-in unit from separating from the second plug-in unit after the plug-in operation has been completed. The locking is preferably formed by the self-locking of the screwing parts and / or by the provision of a latching element in the locking means. The latching element preferably provides an overcomable resistance in both the plug-in direction and the unplugging direction. The magnitude of this resistance is preferably set such that it can be overcome by the auxiliary device, while at the same time being sufficiently large to withstand the vibrations that are common during the journey. As an alternative or in addition, an unlocking device can also be provided, which releases the locked state. In this case, the resistance of the locking means can be set to be even greater, so that it is better able to withstand influences such as vibrations. The locking means and the unlocking device can also be combined in one component, for example by means of a mechanical bolt or an electromagnetic lock, which can be selectively activated (locked) and then also deactivated (unlocked).

[0036] To protect the plug-in contacts from the influences of the environment after the plug-in connection has been made, the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit is provided with a housing in some advantageous embodiments. The cross section of the housing is preferably complementary to the cross section of the other plug-in unit. This facilitates a compact design of the housing. At the same time, in order to compensate for manufacturing tolerances and wear, the end of the housing is preferably provided with guide elements (such as bevelled lugs), which are arranged in a funnel shape. These guide elements guide the other plug-in unit during the plug-in operation, even before the plug-in operation has begun, and thus increase the reliability of the plug-in operation.

[0037] The housing is preferably open at the bottom, in particular only at the bottom. This design provides good protection against rain for the interior of the housing and for all components in the housing. However, the opening at the bottom means that the plug-in operation has to be carried out vertically upwards, which is not ideal in itself, since gravity generates an additional resistance to the plug-in direction. However, the auxiliary device also allows the plug-in operation to be carried out vertically upwards without any problems.

[0038] Before the plug-in operation is started, in particular during the transport of the first plug-in unit to the second plug-in unit, it is advantageous in some embodiments for the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit to be provided with a cover for protecting the plug-in contact, wherein the cover can preferably be brought into a covering state and an avoiding state: in the covering state, the cover covers the plug-in contact; in the avoiding state, the cover does not cover the plug-in contact. The cover can be actively switched. Preferably, however, the cover is automatically switched from the covering state to the avoiding state during the plug-in operation. To this end, the cover can be mounted pivotably and arranged in such a way that during the plug-in operation the other plug-in unit engages the cover, thereby causing the cover to pivot. To this end, for example, the plug-in unit with the cover is inserted into the housing of the other plug-in unit, and during the plug-in operation the cover briefly latches on the housing wall, thereby causing the cover to pivot.

[0039] For the two plug-in units to dock smoothly, it is necessary to know at least their relative position to each other. Therefore, in some advantageous embodiments, a positioning device is provided, by means of which the position of the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit, or their relative position to each other, can be determined. The positioning device preferably comprises a marker, such as a two-dimensional code, and a detector, such as a camera, for detecting the marker. The marker is preferably provided on the first plug-in unit or the second plug-in unit. In general, the position of the first plug-in unit on the towing vehicle is known. In particular when the first plug-in unit is gripped by a multi-joint robot arm, its position is easily determined. In this case, it is very practical to attach the marker to the second plug-in unit and the detector to the towing vehicle, in particular to the transport device. The detector can then determine the positional or distance relationship to the marker, and on the basis of this information the transport device can be controlled to move the first plug-in unit to the second plug-in unit.

[0040] As an alternative, the position can also be determined by means of a transmitter / receiver unit, such as an RFID element.

[0041] The second plug-in unit is preferably arranged on the front side of the trailer. This makes the second plug-in unit relatively easy to access and easy to reach by the transport device. During transport, the container is arranged on the substructure of the trailer. Sometimes, it is not possible or not desirable to attach the second plug-in unit to the container. Therefore, it is advantageous to attach the second plug-in unit to the substructure of the trailer. In this way, the second plug-in unit does not have to be removed when the container is replaced. The second plug-in unit can be temporarily attached to the trailer, for example by means of a magnetic connection. However, it can also be permanently attached to the trailer, for example by means of a bolted connection or welding.

[0042] The towing vehicle is preferably a terminal towing vehicle, and the trailer is preferably a semi-trailer. In comparison with other towing vehicles, such as conventional semi-trailers, the terminal towing vehicle has a larger installation area behind the driver's cab. For example, the terminal towing vehicle is used at a container terminal, where it is used to move semi-trailers and the driving distance is short. Due to the larger installation area, the terminal towing vehicle is particularly suitable for applying the present application, for example, the larger installation area can accommodate a multi-joint robotic arm.

[0043] On the installation area of the towing vehicle, a towing seat, in particular an adjustable-height towing seat, is preferably provided. On the trailer, a towing pin is preferably provided.

[0044] The object of the present application is also achieved by the connection system defined in the above description. The connection system comprises a first plug-in unit connectable to a towing vehicle interface and a second plug-in unit connectable to a trailer interface. The first plug-in unit can be temporarily connected to the second plug-in unit to enable the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data between the towing vehicle and the trailer. The connection system further comprises an auxiliary device for providing mechanical assistance for the plugging operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit.

[0045] The object of the present application is also achieved by a method of connecting a towing vehicle to a trailer by means of a mechanical connection device and by means of the above-described multi-component connection system. In this case, the first plug-in unit is first moved to the second plug-in unit by means of the transport device, and then a plugging operation is carried out between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit, which is mechanically assisted by means of the auxiliary device. The plugging operation is preferably carried out jointly by the transport device and the auxiliary device.

[0046] The mechanical connection by means of the mechanical connection device is preferably carried out before the plugging operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit. This prevents the trailer and the towing vehicle from separating from each other during the transport process or the plugging operation, thereby avoiding damage to the connection device or other components of the towing vehicle and the trailer, and also avoiding delays in the connection process.

[0047] In order to protect the transport device from damage while not affecting the maneuverability of the combined vehicle, it is provided in some preferred embodiments that the transport device is separated from the first plug-in unit after the plugging operation or during the plugging operation. After the separation, the transport device can be moved to a standby position, in which the transport device occupies less space.

[0048] The present invention also discloses a combined vehicle without auxiliary devices, wherein, except for the auxiliary devices, the design of the connector unit and / or transport device is the same as described above. The present invention also discloses a combined vehicle without transport devices, wherein, except for the transport device, the design of the connector unit and / or auxiliary devices is the same as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The invention will now be described and explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings include the following figures:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic side view of the combined vehicle.

[0051] Figure 2 A 3D view showing the connected system in a separated state;

[0052] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the connection system in a connected state.

[0053] Figure 4 For use Figure 2 A perspective view of the first plug-in unit of the connection system shown;

[0054] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the internal structure of the first plug-in unit.

[0055] Figure 6 For use Figure 2 A perspective view of the second plug-in unit of the connection system shown;

[0056] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The diagram shows the internal structure of the second plug-in unit.

[0057] Figure 8 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the connection system in a separated state;

[0058] Figure 9 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the connection system in a transitional state.

[0059] Figure 10 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the connection system in a connected state. Detailed Implementation

[0060] Figure 1 The combined vehicle 1000 shown includes a dock tractor unit as a tractor unit 100 and a semi-trailer unit as a trailer unit 200. Only the front of the semi-trailer unit is shown in the figure.

[0061] The tractor unit 100 includes a chassis 110 with a drive unit (not shown) and four wheels 112, a cab 120, and a mounting surface 130. The mounting surface 130 is located behind the cab 120. Compared to other tractor units such as conventional semi-trailers, the mounting surface 130 of the terminal tractor unit is larger. For example, terminal tractor units are used in container terminals for moving semi-trailers over short distances. An adjustable-height tow seat 140 is provided on the mounting surface 130.

[0062] The trailer 200 has a lower structure 210 and an upper structure 270. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper structure 270 is securely connected to the lower structure 210. The lower structure 210 includes a chassis 220, a landing gear 230 with wheels 232, support legs 240, and a towing pin 250, with the support legs 240 in an extended position.

[0063] The towing pin 250 matches the towing seat 140, enabling a mechanical connection between the tractor unit 100 and the trailer 200. When the terminal tractor unit tows the semi-trailer, the height-adjustable towing seat 140 typically eliminates the need to retract the support legs 240. After the mechanical connection is established, raising the towing seat 140 raises the semi-trailer until the support legs 240 are no longer in contact with the ground, at which point the combined vehicle 1000 can begin to move. This operating method is particularly suitable for scenarios where there are typically no slopes or uneven surfaces to navigate, as container terminals and other transshipment sites do not require retracting the support legs 240, thus saving time.

[0064] The tractor 100 and trailer 200 each have interfaces for transmitting electrical energy, compressed air and data.

[0065] Figure 1 The illustrated combined vehicle 1000 also includes a connection system 300, which comprises a first insertion unit 400, a second insertion unit 500, and a transport device 600. The transport device 600 is capable of moving the first insertion unit 400 relative to the second insertion unit 500, thereby enabling an insertion operation between the first insertion unit 400 and the second insertion unit 500. The transport device 600 includes a multi-joint robotic arm 610 equipped with a gripper 620 and mounted on the mounting surface 130 of the tractor 100.

[0066] The clamp 620 is designed to selectively connect or disconnect from the first plug-in unit 400. For this purpose, the first plug-in unit 400 is provided with a retainer 460, which the clamp 620 can use to hold.

[0067] The first connector 400 is connected to the interface of the tractor 100 via a flexible line 420, and the second connector 500 is connected to the interface of the trailer 200 via the line 520. The first connector 400 is held by the transport device 600, and the second connector 500 is arranged on the front side 274 of the trailer 200. The first connector 400 is a plug, and the second connector 500 is a socket. The first connector 400 and the second connector 500 are matched to each other, allowing the first connector 400 to temporarily connect to the second connector 500 during the connection process, thereby enabling the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air, and data between the tractor 100 and the trailer 200. To achieve the connection between the first connector 400 and the second connector 500, it is first necessary to... (e.g., during transport...) Figure 2 As shown), the first insertion unit 400 is moved toward the second insertion unit 500. At this time, the first insertion unit 400 and the second insertion unit 500 are initially still in a separated state. Subsequently, an insertion operation is performed in the insertion direction R (here, vertically upward) to connect the first insertion unit 400 and the second insertion unit 500 to each other (as shown). Figure 3 (As shown).

[0068] The first plug unit 400 is designed as a plug, including a housing 410, on which a line 420 is connected (e.g., Figure 4 (As shown). These lines 420 include power lines, compressed air lines, and data lines. Lines 420 are connected to the interface of the tractor 100. The front end of the first plug-in unit 400 is provided with plug contacts 430, which are connected to the lines 420. Each plug contact can be used to transmit at least one medium (electrical energy, compressed air, data) to the corresponding plug contact 530 on the second plug-in unit 500. The plug contacts 430 are combined together to form a plug assembly 440. The plug contacts 530 are combined together to form a plug assembly 540 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (As shown).

[0069] The front end of the first plug-in unit 400 is provided with a cover 450, which can be in a covered state or an avoidance state. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows the covered state, in which the cover 450 covers the insertion contact 430, thereby protecting the insertion contact from external environmental influences. To switch to the avoidance state, the cover 450 must undergo a pivoting movement.

[0070] The second plug-in unit 500 is designed as a socket, including a housing 510, on which a line 520 is connected (e.g., Figure 6(As shown). The bottom of the housing 510 is open, allowing the first insertion unit 400 to be inserted into the housing 510 from below by moving upwards. The housing 410 of the first insertion unit 400 is provided with guide elements 412 (in the form of a chamfered introductory shape), which facilitate the insertion of the first insertion unit 400 into the housing 510 of the second insertion unit 500. The second insertion unit 500 also includes a bracket 550, by which the second insertion unit 500 can be mounted on a trailer (not shown). The bracket 550 is a sheet material and is part of the housing 510. The upper end of the sheet material is bent to form a protrusion 560, which closes the top of the housing 510. The protrusion 560 is inclined so that rainwater and other liquids can flow down smoothly and do not accumulate on the protrusion 560. The housing 510 also includes a receiving portion 512, which is mounted on the plate and together with the plate forms a receiving opening 514 for receiving the first plug-in unit 400. The lower end of the receiving portion 512 is provided with guide elements 516 (in the form of guide lugs), which also facilitate the insertion of the first plug-in unit 400 into the second plug-in unit 500.

[0071] The housing 510 of the second plug-in unit 500 has a plug-in contact point 530 (e.g., Figure 7 (As shown). These plug contacts 530 are connected to the line 520, and each plug contact can be used to transmit at least one medium (electrical energy, compressed air, data) to the corresponding plug contact 430 on the first plug unit 400. The plug contacts 430 are combined to form a plug assembly 440. Figure 7 The receiving part 512 is not shown in the figure.

[0072] Through a plug-in operation, the plug contact 430 of the first plug-in unit 400 is connected to the plug contact 530 of the second plug-in unit 500, thereby enabling the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and data.

[0073] The insertion operation is mechanically assisted by an auxiliary device 700. A portion of the components of the auxiliary device 700 are integrated into the first insertion unit 400, and another portion is integrated into the second insertion unit 500. On the first insertion unit 400 side, the auxiliary device 700 includes a hole 710, a threaded pin 720, a motor 730, a spring 740, and a sensor 750; on the second insertion unit 500 side, the auxiliary device 700 includes a pin 760.

[0074] The threaded pin 720 is concentrically inserted into the hole 710, and the axes of both the hole 710 and the threaded pin 720 are aligned with the insertion direction R. The hole 710 is a component of the plug assembly 440 of the first insertion unit 400.

[0075] The threaded pin 720 has a threaded section 722 in its front region 721 and a groove 724 in its rear region 723. The diameter of the rear region 723 is larger than the diameter of the front region 721. The tip of the front region 721 is chamfered to form a centering tip 726. The groove 724 extends along the insertion direction R. The motor 730 has a motor shaft 732 and a bracket 734, which is disposed within the groove 724. In this way, the motor 730 and the threaded pin 720 are coupled: when the motor shaft 732 rotates, it drives the threaded pin 720 to rotate synchronously, while allowing relative movement between the threaded pin 720 and the motor 730 along the insertion direction R. In this embodiment, the motor 730 is a motor. A spring 740 is disposed between the threaded pin 720 and the motor 730. Under the action of the spring 740, the motor 730 pushes the threaded pin 720 forward. The threaded pin 720 is installed in a linear guide manner, with its front area 721 abutting against the stop 725, which is used to limit the maximum distance between the threaded pin 720 and the motor 730.

[0076] Sensor 750 includes a sensing element 752, which is mounted on the first insertion unit 400. A metal plate 754 is disposed inside the housing 510 of the second insertion unit 500, extending into the internal space of the housing 510. In this embodiment, the sensing element 752 is a Hall effect sensor. When the two insertion units 400 and 500 are inserted, and the insertion units 400 and 500 are in a predetermined relative position, the metal plate 754 passes through the sensing element 752. The sensing element 752 detects this movement or the presence of the metal plate 754 and transmits a signal to a control unit (not shown). When the insertion unit reaches the target position, the control unit controls the motor 730 to start, causing the threaded pin 720 to rotate.

[0077] Furthermore, a pin sensor 770 is also provided inside the housing 410 of the first insertion unit 400. The function of this pin sensor 770 is to send a signal when the threaded pin 720 moves a predetermined distance towards the motor 730, overcoming the elastic force of the spring 740. To achieve this function, the pin sensor 770 detects the rear region 723 of the threaded pin 720 and transmits the detected signal to the control unit. This signal can also be used to control the motor 730, causing the threaded pin 720 to rotate.

[0078] Pin 760 is generally cylindrical, with its axis aligned with the insertion direction R, and is a component of the plug assembly 540 of the second insertion unit 500. Unlike the threaded pin 720, pin 760 is fixed in position within the second insertion unit 500. Pin 760 has an internal thread 762 that mates with the threaded section 722. The tip of pin 760 has an external centering chamfer 764.

[0079] The housing 510 of the second insertion unit 500 is further provided with two guide rails 570. These two guide rails 570 are parallel to each other, and their extension direction is consistent with the insertion direction R. When the first insertion unit 400 is inserted into the second insertion unit 500, the cover 450 will come into contact with the guide rails 570 and be opened.

[0080] Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The plug-in operation process is demonstrated in detail. Figure 8 In the process, the first insertion unit 400 has been partially inserted into the second insertion unit 500. During the insertion process, the cover 450 contacts the guide rail 570 and then pivots to a clearance state. Figure 8 The state shown is the instant just before plug assemblies 440 and 540 are about to make contact. If the first plug unit 400 is continued to be pushed in the plugging direction R, pin 760 will first enter hole 710. If pin 760 and hole 710 are not fully aligned, centering chamfer 764 will guide pin 760 to achieve centering in hole 710.

[0081] Under the action of the relative movement of the insertion units 400 and 500 along the insertion direction R, the pin 760 is pushed into the hole 710 until it contacts the threaded pin 720. The centering tip 726 of the threaded pin 720 enters the interior of the pin 760. During this process, the centering tip 726 will center the pin 760 and the threaded pin 720. If the insertion units 400 and 500 continue to move relative to each other along the insertion direction R, the threaded pin 720 will first overcome the elastic force of the spring 740 and move towards the direction of the motor 730 (e.g., Figure 9 (As shown). This movement process continues until the pin sensor 770 detects the threaded pin 720 and sends a corresponding signal to the control unit (not shown). Upon receiving this signal, the control unit starts the motor 730. After the motor 730 starts, the motor shaft 732 begins to rotate, causing the threaded pin 720 to rotate synchronously. As the threaded pin 720 rotates, its threaded section 722 screws into the internal thread 762 of the pin 760. This process first releases the pressure on the spring 740 until the rear region 723 of the threaded pin 720 abuts against the stop 725. Subsequently, the plug assemblies 440 and 540 are pulled together until they are in contact with each other (as shown). Figure 10 (As shown). At this point, the insertion contacts 430 and 530 of the insertion units 400 and 500 are connected. Afterwards, for example, a signal can be sent via a limit switch (not shown) to turn off the motor 730, and the insertion operation is now complete.

[0082] To separate the two plug-in units, the motor 730 must first be rotated in reverse to unscrew the threaded pin 720 from the internal thread 762. After unscrewing, the first plug-in unit 400 can be pulled out from the second plug-in unit 500 in the opposite direction to the plugging direction R, at which point the two plug-in units 400 and 500 are separated.

[0083] List of reference numerals

[0084] 100: Tractor

[0085] 110: Chassis

[0086] 112: Wheel

[0087] 120: Driver's cab

[0088] 130: Mounting surface

[0089] 140: Traction Seat

[0090] 200: Trailer

[0091] 210: Substructure

[0092] 220: Base frame

[0093] 230: Landing Gear

[0094] 232: Wheel

[0095] 240: Supporting leg

[0096] 250: Traction pin

[0097] 270: Superstructure

[0098] 274: Front

[0099] 300: Connection System

[0100] 400: First plug-in unit

[0101] 410: Casing

[0102] 412: Guide element

[0103] 420: Line

[0104] 430: Insert contact point

[0105] 440: Plug assembly

[0106] 450: Cover

[0107] 460: Holder

[0108] 500: Second plug-in unit

[0109] 510: Housing

[0110] 512: Reception Department

[0111] 514: Reception Port

[0112] 516: Guide element

[0113] 520: Route

[0114] 530: Insert contact point

[0115] 540: Plug Set

[0116] 550: Stand

[0117] 560: Protrusion

[0118] 570: Guide rail

[0119] 600: Transport equipment

[0120] 610: Multi-joint robotic arm robot

[0121] 620: Clamp

[0122] 700: Auxiliary device

[0123] 710: Kong

[0124] 720: Threaded pin

[0125] 721: Front Area

[0126] 722: Threaded section

[0127] 723: Rear Area

[0128] 724: Groove

[0129] 725: Stop

[0130] 726: Focusing on the tip

[0131] 730: Electric motor

[0132] 732: Motor shaft

[0133] 734: Stent

[0134] 740: Spring

[0135] 750: Sensor

[0136] 752: Sensing element

[0137] 754: Metal Plate

[0138] 760: Sales

[0139] 762: Internal thread

[0140] 764: Centering Chamfer

[0141] 770: Pin Sensor

[0142] 1000: Combined vehicles

[0143] DB: Inner diameter of the hole

[0144] DP: Outer diameter of the pin

[0145] DS: Outer diameter of the threaded pin

[0146] R: Connection direction

Claims

1. A combination vehicle of a towing vehicle and a trailer, wherein each of the towing vehicle and the trailer having an interface for the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data; the combination vehicle being provided with a multi-part connection system comprising a first plug-in unit connected to the interface of the towing vehicle and a second plug-in unit connected to the interface of the trailer; the first plug-in unit being temporarily connectable to the second plug-in unit to enable the transmission of electrical energy, compressed air and / or data between the towing vehicle and the trailer; the combination vehicle being provided with a transport device which is able to move the first plug-in unit towards the second plug-in unit so that a subsequent plug-in operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit is possible; characterized in that the combination vehicle is provided with an auxiliary device for assisting the plug-in operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit.

2. The combination vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport device comprises an operating robot, preferably a multi-joint robot arm.

3. The combination vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport device is temporarily connected to the first plug-in unit and is detachable therefrom, in particular the first plug-in unit has a holder and the transport device has a gripper for gripping the holder.

4. The combination vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary device comprises two complementary threaded parts and an electric motor, wherein the electric motor is able to rotate one of the threaded parts, the threaded parts being preferably a threaded pin and an internally threaded part, the internally threaded part being preferably an internally threaded pin, and the internally threaded pin being complementary to the threaded pin.

5. The combination vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that in the plug-in direction, the length of the pin protruding from the base body of the plug-in unit to which it belongs exceeds the length of all plug-in contact points of the plug-in unit.

6. The combination vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the threaded pin is provided in a bore, the inner diameter of the bore being greater than the outer diameter of the threaded pin, and the outer diameter of the pin corresponds to the inner diameter of the bore.

7. The combination vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that at least one of the threaded parts is movable in the plug-in direction and is mounted with a spring; and / or at least one of the threaded parts, preferably both threaded parts, is provided at the end with a centering aid, preferably a centering chamfer or a centering tip.

8. The combination vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combination vehicle is provided with a sensor for detecting the relative position of the plug-in units along the plug-in direction and preferably for transmitting a signal to a control unit upon reaching a predetermined position.

9. The combination vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the electric motor and one of the threaded parts are permanently fastened to the first plug-in unit, or the electric motor and one of the threaded parts are permanently fastened to the second plug-in unit. The motor is fastened to the transport device, and wherein one of the threaded parts is fastened to the first plug-in unit, the first plug-in unit having a shaft coupling, through which the motor can exert a torque or force on the threaded part.

10. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combination vehicle is provided with a locking device, which prevents the first plug-in unit from being separated from the second plug-in unit after the plug-in operation, wherein preferably: a) the locking device is formed by a self-locking of the threaded parts; and / or, b) the locking device is formed by comprising a latching element; and / or, c) an unlocking device is provided, which can release the locking.

11. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary device comprises a pneumatic cylinder, which is attached to one of the plug-in units and which connects with the other plug-in unit when it is approached.

12. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit comprises a housing, wherein the housing is preferably open at the bottom and / or the housing preferably has a cross section which is complementary to the other plug-in unit and the housing preferably has a guiding element arranged as a funnel at the end.

13. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit has a plug-in contact and a cover for the plug-in contact, which cover preferably assumes a covering state and an avoiding state, wherein in the covering state the cover covers the plug-in contact and in the avoiding state the cover does not cover the plug-in contact.

14. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combination vehicle is provided with a positioning device, by means of which the position of the first plug-in unit and / or the second plug-in unit or their relative position can be determined, wherein the positioning device preferably has a marker and a detector for detecting the marker.

15. Combination vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second plug-in unit is arranged at the front side of the trailer.

16. Multi-part connection system as defined in any of claims 1 to 15.

17. A method for connecting a towing vehicle to a trailer by means of a mechanical coupling device and by means of a multi-component coupling system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein The first plug-in unit is moved by means of the transport device to the second plug-in unit, after which a plug-in operation is carried out between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit, the plug-in operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit being mechanically assisted by means of the auxiliary device, the mechanical connection realized by means of the mechanical connection device preferably being carried out before the plug-in operation between the first plug-in unit and the second plug-in unit.

18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that The transport device is separated from the first plug-in unit after the plug-in operation or during the plug-in operation, wherein the transport device preferably moves to a standby position after the separation, in which the transport device occupies less space.

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