Flat shell efficient printing model and design method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a flat shell efficient printing model and a design method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The efficient printing model for the flat shell is composed of a plurality of flat shell units, each flat shell unit is a round thin-wall part, the outer diameter of each flat shell unit ranges from 360 mm to 400 mm, and the wall thickness of each flat shell unit ranges from 2.3 mm to 3 mm; the axes of the flat shell units are parallel to the base plate, the flat shell units are evenly arranged along the x axis or the y axis of the base plate, and a supporting structure is arranged between the flat shell units and the base plate. And meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the deformation of the obtained flat shell is smaller than or equal to + / -0.5 mm, the tensile strength is 1000 MPa or above, and the yield strength is 800 MPa or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell, its design method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Selective laser printing (SLA) is an advanced additive manufacturing technology widely used in numerous fields. For flat, thin-walled circular parts (outer diameter 360–400 mm, wall thickness 2.3–3 mm), the central axis of the flat shell is perpendicular to the substrate during SLA printing, meaning the flat shell is placed horizontally. Using this printing method results in minimal overall deformation and high product quality.

[0003] However, many problems remain: for example, the large number of printing support structures not only increases material consumption and time costs during the printing process, but also leads to higher costs and wasted equipment resources in subsequent wire cutting, heat treatment, and other processes. Furthermore, and most importantly, the printing efficiency is extremely low. If the flat shell product is printed with screws along the vertical direction, the flat shells may adhere to each other, damaging the flat shells themselves during subsequent wire cutting and affecting their surface quality and performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency printing model for flat shells, its design method and application, which improves production efficiency while ensuring product quality and dimensional requirements.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a high-efficiency printing model for a flat shell, which includes a substrate, multiple flat shell units and a support structure. The flat shell unit is a circular thin-walled part with an outer diameter of 360-400 mm and a wall thickness of 2.3-3 mm. The axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, and the flat shell units are evenly arranged along the x-axis or y-axis of the substrate. A support structure is provided between the flat shell unit and the substrate.

[0006] Furthermore, the support structure includes block supports and column supports.

[0007] Furthermore, the block support is 3×3mm~5×5mm, and the width of the hollow and support teeth is 1mm~1.5mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the columnar support parameters are: diameter 1–1.5 mm, spacing 4–6 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the spacing between the flat shell units is 10mm to 15mm.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention provides a design method for a high-efficiency printing model of the flat shell, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Model design, the axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, and a support structure is set between the flat shell unit and the substrate; and the substrate is divided into region A and region B;

[0012] Region A is a quadrilateral located at the center of the substrate, and the side length of Region A is 55-65% of the side length of the substrate. Region B is the remaining area of ​​the substrate after subtracting Region A.

[0013] S2: Model adjustment. Through simulation, pre-printing, and local reverse modeling, the deformation of region A is controlled within ±2mm; the deformation of region B is controlled within ±3mm, resulting in a high-efficiency printing model of the flat shell.

[0014] Furthermore, during the simulation process, different simulation coefficients were used for the flat shell element. In region A, the coefficients were ∑XX=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑YY=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑ZZ=-0.03, and in region B, the coefficients were ∑XX=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑YY=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑ZZ=-0.03.

[0015] Furthermore, the application of high-efficiency flat shell printing models in the fabrication of flat shell products is explored. The high-efficiency flat shell printing models are sliced ​​to obtain several layer slice files, which are then imported into additive printing equipment for additive printing and heat treatment.

[0016] In the additive printing process, regions A and B use different printing parameters, with region A having a higher laser power and scanning speed than region B.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat treatment is held at a temperature of 780–820°C for 3–5 hours, and then cooled in the furnace to below 80°C by air cooling.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In this invention, the high-efficiency flat shell printing model includes multiple flat shell units. The axes of the flat shell units are parallel to the substrate, and the flat shell units are uniformly arranged along the x-axis or y-axis of the substrate. During the printing process, the flat shell units are placed vertically, compared with the prior art (which places them horizontally during printing, with the central axis of the flat shell product perpendicular to the substrate). When printing with the same specifications of equipment, the printing output is increased by more than 7 times. For example, the number of pieces printed in a single batch increases from 4 to more than 28. At the same time, the post-processing cost is significantly reduced: in the wire cutting process, the number of products that can be cut with the same wire feed distance increases from 4 to more than 28, reducing the workload by more than 7 times; the equipment resource waste in the heat treatment process is reduced by 7 times, and the overall post-processing cost is reduced by more than 50%.

[0020] 2. In the model design, the flat shell unit is placed vertically, and the substrate is divided into region A and region B. In the subsequent model adjustment, a combination of simulation, pre-printing and local reverse modeling is used to control the deformation of region A within ±2mm and the deformation of region B within ±3mm, so as to ensure that the deformation of the obtained flat shell meets the requirements.

[0021] 3. During the printing process, the laser power and scanning speed in area A are controlled to be greater than those in area B, ensuring that the deformation of the resulting flat shell is ≤ ±0.5mm, and the tensile strength is > 980MPa and the yield strength is > 800MPa.

[0022] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0024] Figure 1 For the comparative example 1, the printing layout is shown in the diagram. The central axis of the flat shell product is perpendicular to the substrate.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the printing arrangement in Example 1. The central axis of the flat shell product is parallel to the substrate.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a block-shaped support structure;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a columnar support structure;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the interaction between columnar supports and block supports;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the division of region A and region B on the substrate;

[0030] Figure label:

[0031] 1. Support teeth; 2. Support hollow; 3. Columnar unit. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] Selective laser printing (SLA) is an advanced additive manufacturing technology widely used in numerous fields. For flat, thin-walled circular parts (outer diameter 360–400 mm, wall thickness 2.3–3 mm), the central axis of the flat shell is perpendicular to the substrate during SLA printing, meaning the flat shell is placed horizontally. Using this printing method results in minimal overall deformation and high product quality.

[0034] However, many problems remain: for example, the large number of printing support structures not only increases material consumption and time costs during the printing process, but also leads to higher costs and wasted equipment resources in subsequent wire cutting, heat treatment, and other processes. Furthermore, and most importantly, the printing efficiency is extremely low. If the flat shell product is printed with screws along the vertical direction, the flat shells may adhere to each other, damaging the flat shells themselves during subsequent wire cutting and affecting their surface quality and performance.

[0035] Therefore, the present invention provides a high-efficiency printing model for a flat shell, which includes a substrate, multiple flat shell units and a support structure. The flat shell unit is a circular thin-walled part with an outer diameter of 360-400 mm and a wall thickness of 2.3-3 mm. The axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, and the flat shell units are evenly arranged along the x-axis or y-axis of the substrate. A support structure is provided between the flat shell unit and the substrate.

[0036] It should be noted that in this invention, the high-efficiency flat shell printing model comprises several flat shell units. The axes of these units are parallel to the substrate, and they are uniformly arranged along the x-axis or y-axis of the substrate. During printing, the flat shell units are placed vertically, unlike existing technologies (where they are placed horizontally and the central axis of the flat shell product is perpendicular to the substrate). When printing with the same specifications of equipment, printing output is increased by more than 7 times; for example, the number of pieces printed per batch increases from 4 to more than 28. Simultaneously, post-processing costs are significantly reduced: in the wire cutting process, the number of products that can be cut with the same wire feed distance increases from 4 to more than 28, reducing workload by more than 7 times; equipment resource waste in the heat treatment process is reduced by 7 times, resulting in an overall post-processing cost reduction of over 50%.

[0037] Specifically, the support structure includes block supports and column supports. The block supports are 3×3mm to 5×5mm in size, with openwork and support tooth width of 1mm to 1.5mm. The column support parameters are: diameter 1 to 1.5mm and spacing 4 to 6mm.

[0038] It should be noted that block supports are composed of three-dimensional block units that are interconnected to form a grid-like or stacked block structure. They have a wide support surface, are relatively thick, and possess strong overall integrity. Their function is to support the suspended plane of the flat shell and assist in its shaping. Columnar supports, on the other hand, are composed of densely packed columnar units arranged in a vertical array. The columns have a certain height and diameter, and the structure exhibits a more "point-line" distribution. Their function is to support and control the deformation tendency of the flat shell. Both block and columnar supports are evenly distributed.

[0039] Specifically, the spacing between the flat shell units is 10mm to 15mm.

[0040] It should be noted that during the printing process, a certain gap needs to be maintained between the flat shell units. One reason is to provide sufficient space and pathways for heat to dissipate to the surrounding powder bed, preventing localized overheating caused by heat accumulation. Another reason is that the gap between the flat shell units eliminates the need for wire cutting, ensuring the quality of the flat shells. This invention controls the gap to be between 10mm and 15mm. If the gap is too small, it will affect heat dissipation; if the gap is too large, it will reduce production efficiency.

[0041] The substrate of this invention is divided into region A and region B. Region A is quadrilateral and located at the center of the substrate, with a side length of 55-65% of the substrate's side length. Region B is the area remaining after subtracting region A from the substrate. The deformation amounts of regions A and B differ, with deformation in region A controlled within ±2mm and deformation in region B controlled within ±3mm. Based on the difference in heat accumulation and dissipation between regions A and B—that is, heat in region A of the substrate is not easily dissipated, and heat can only be transferred to the powder below and around it, resulting in a long and slow heat dissipation path and easy heat accumulation—and region B at the edge of the substrate being closer to the cooling boundary, heat can be conducted to the substrate support and chamber more quickly, resulting in faster heat dissipation, combined with different printing parameter settings, effective compensation for the difference in heat conduction is achieved, thereby facilitating molding and deformation control.

[0042] This invention provides a design method for a high-efficiency printed model of a flat shell, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1: Model design, the axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, and a support structure is set between the flat shell unit and the substrate; and the substrate is divided into region A and region B;

[0044] Region A is a quadrilateral located at the center of the substrate, and the side length of Region A is 55-65% of the side length of the substrate. Region B is the remaining area of ​​the substrate after subtracting Region A.

[0045] S2: Model adjustment. Through simulation, pre-printing, and local reverse modeling, the deformation of region A is controlled within ±2mm; the deformation of region B is controlled within ±3mm, resulting in a high-efficiency printing model of the flat shell.

[0046] It should be noted that during the model design, the flat shell units were placed vertically, and the substrate was divided into region A and region B. In the subsequent model adjustment, a combination of simulation, pre-printing, and local reverse modeling was used to control the deformation of the flat shell units in region A to within ±2mm; and the deformation of the flat shell units in region B to within ±3mm. This ensures that the combined deformation of the resulting flat shell is ≤±0.5mm.

[0047] Specifically, during the simulation process, different simulation coefficients are used for the flat shell element. In region A, the coefficients are ∑XX=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑YY=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑ZZ=-0.03, and in region B, the coefficients are ∑XX=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑YY=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑ZZ=-0.03.

[0048] It should be noted that in this invention, because the flat shell unit is formed by vertically oriented printing, the heat accumulation and dissipation in region B and region A are different. Region B dissipates heat quickly, resulting in greater product deformation in this area; while the product printed in region A of the substrate experiences slower heat dissipation, thus exhibiting less deformation. Therefore, in the simulation process, this invention controls ∑XX and ∑YY in region B to be greater than those in region A.

[0049] Because the flat shell unit is placed vertically during the printing process of this invention, the deformation occurs in the X and Y directions. The outer diameter of the flat shell obtained by this invention is 360-400mm, which does not exceed 1000mm, so no deformation occurs in the Z direction. Therefore, the ∑ZZ of regions A and B are controlled to be the same.

[0050] This invention also provides an application of a high-efficiency flat shell printing model in the preparation of flat shell products. The high-efficiency flat shell printing model is sliced ​​to obtain several layers of slice files, which are then imported into an additive printing device for additive printing and heat treatment.

[0051] In the additive printing process, regions A and B use different printing parameters, with region A having a higher laser power and scanning speed than region B.

[0052] It should be noted that during the printing process, the laser power and scanning speed in area A are controlled to be greater than those in area B, ensuring that the deformation of the resulting flat shell is ≤ ±0.5mm, and that the tensile strength is > 980MPa and the yield strength is > 800MPa.

[0053] Specifically, the laser power in area A is 320–350W, and the scanning speed is 1000–1100 mm / s; the laser power in area B is 300–320W, and the scanning speed is 900–1000 mm / s. The layer thickness is 30 μm, and the scanning spacing is 0.12 mm. The printing environment is argon protection (99.999% purity), oxygen content ≤50 ppm, and chamber temperature 60–100℃.

[0054] It should be noted that heat is not easily dissipated in region A of the substrate because it can only be transferred to the powder below and around it. This results in a long and slow heat dissipation path, making it prone to heat accumulation. In contrast, region B on the edge of the substrate is closer to the cooling boundary, allowing heat to be conducted to the substrate support and housing more quickly, resulting in rapid heat dissipation.

[0055] To compensate for this difference in thermal conductivity, higher power (320–350 W) and a faster scanning speed (1000–1100 mm / s) are used in region A of the substrate. This ensures sufficient energy input to melt the powder while preventing overheating of the molten pool, spattering, or component deformation due to heat accumulation. In region B of the substrate, slightly lower power (300–320 W) and a slightly slower speed (900–1000 mm / s) are used to ensure sufficient energy input to completely melt the powder even under conditions of rapid heat dissipation, thus avoiding incomplete fusion defects.

[0056] This differentiated control makes the molten pool shape and cooling solidification process at different locations on the entire printing plane more consistent, thereby obtaining printed parts that are relatively uniform in terms of density, microstructure, and mechanical properties.

[0057] In this invention, the laser power in region A can be 320W, 325W, 330W, 335W, 340W, 345W, or 350W; the scanning speed can be 1000mm / s, 1010mm / s, 1020mm / s, 1030mm / s, 1040mm / s, 1050mm / s, 1060mm / s, 1070mm / s, 1080mm / s, 1090mm / s, or 1100mm / s. If the laser power and scanning speed are too high, the energy input is excessive, leading to excessively high and unstable molten pool temperature, resulting in intense metal vapor and spatter. If the laser power and scanning speed are too low, the energy input is insufficient, causing the powder to fail to melt completely, resulting in poor bonding with the underlying or same-layer material, forming interlayer or interchannel pores, severely reducing the density and mechanical properties of the part.

[0058] In this invention, the laser power in region B can be 300W, 305W, 310W, 315W, or 320W, and the scanning speed can be 900mm / s, 910mm / s, 920mm / s, 930mm / s, 940mm / s, 950mm / s, 960mm / s, 970mm / s, 980mm / s, 990mm / s, or 1000mm / s. Excessive power (>320W) or excessive speed (<900mm / s), while resulting in rapid heat dissipation at the edges, can still lead to problems similar to those in region A, such as spatter and porosity. Furthermore, a mismatch between heat input and heat dissipation can cause unique stress concentrations at the edges. Conversely, excessively low power (<300W) or excessively high speed (>1000mm / s), due to the rapid heat dissipation in region B and insufficient energy input, can easily lead to severe incomplete fusion defects. The printed parts will have loose, porous edges, extremely low strength, and may even be unformable.

[0059] If regions A and B use the same printing parameters, they will generate the same energy input. However, the uneven shrinkage caused by different cooling conditions (slower cooling in region A and faster cooling in region B) will create enormous internal stress within the part. This stress can easily cause the part to warp and deform from the substrate, or crack during printing or post-processing.

[0060] Specifically, the preheating temperature of the substrate is 80-100℃.

[0061] It should be noted that during the printing process, the laser instantly melts the powder and rapidly cools and solidifies it, creating a huge temperature gradient between the substrate and the powder, resulting in significant residual stress. Preheating the substrate to 80–100°C reduces the temperature difference between the molten pool and the substrate, making the temperature distribution more uniform and the cooling rate relatively moderate. This effectively suppresses the generation of residual stress and prevents parts from warping, cracking, or peeling off from the substrate.

[0062] Specifically, the heat treatment is held at a temperature of 780–820°C for 3–5 hours, and then cooled in the furnace to below 80°C by air cooling.

[0063] It should be noted that after printing, the microstructure is typically in a non-equilibrium state, exhibiting significant distortion. At 780–820℃, a recovery process occurs, reducing the distortion energy and generating new, stress-free equiaxed grains that completely replace the original high-strain columnar grain structure. Temperature control within this range prevents overheating. After heat treatment, furnace cooling is employed, resulting in minimal temperature difference across the flat shell cross-section, preventing deformation. When the part is furnace cooled to 80℃, this temperature is far below the material's plastic-brittle transition temperature, indicating extremely low atomic mobility. Further air cooling at this point is insufficient to introduce significant new stresses.

[0064] Specifically, the deformation of the flat shell is ≤ ±0.5 mm, and the tensile strength is > 980 MPa, and the yield strength is > 800 MPa.

[0065] Specifically, the flat shell is made of TA15 material.

[0066] It should be noted that TA15 is a near-α type titanium alloy with excellent comprehensive performance. Its chemical composition by weight percentage (wt%) includes: Al: 5.5–7.0%; Mo: 0.5–2.0%; Zr: 1.5–2.5%; V: 0.8–2.5%; Ti: balance.

[0067] Aluminum (Al): As a major α-stabilizing element, Al can significantly improve the strength, elastic modulus, and heat resistance of alloys. It is a key element that ensures TA15 has high strength and good thermal strength.

[0068] Molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V): These are both β-stabilizing elements. Their addition is controlled at a moderate level, resulting in a near-α-type microstructure in the alloy. This ensures good microstructure and property stability at high temperatures while also providing some potential for heat treatment strengthening.

[0069] Zirconium (Zr): A neutral element that can strengthen the α and β phases through solid solution, improving the room temperature strength and high temperature performance of alloys, while having little effect on plasticity.

[0070] To more clearly describe the present invention, the following embodiments and comparative examples are provided for further illustration.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] S1: Model design, the axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate (800mm×800mm), and a support is set between the flat shell unit and the substrate; and the substrate is divided into region A and region B;

[0073] Region A is a quadrilateral located at the center of the substrate. The side length of Region A is 60% of the side length of the substrate, i.e., 480mm × 480mm. Region B is the area remaining after subtracting Region A from the substrate.

[0074] The support structure consists of block supports and column supports. The block supports have a 3×3mm grid with open holes and 1mm wide support teeth. The column supports have a diameter of 1.5mm and a spacing of 4mm.

[0075] S2: Model adjustment. Simulation was performed using finite element software (SimufactAdditive) with different simulation coefficients. For region A, the coefficients were ∑XX = -0.0035 to -0.004; ∑YY = -0.0035 to -0.004; ∑ZZ = -0.03. For region B, the coefficients were ∑XX = -0.004 to -0.0043; ∑YY = -0.004 to -0.0043; ∑ZZ = -0.03. After simulation, pre-printing, and partial reverse modeling, the model was exported for printing. Deformation in region A was controlled within ±2mm; deformation in region B was controlled within ±3mm.

[0076] S3: Additive printing, with different printing parameters for areas A and B. The laser power and scanning speed of area A are both greater than those of area B. The preheating temperature of the substrate is 80℃. The laser power of area A is 350W and the scanning speed is 1100mm / s. The laser power of area B is 320W and the scanning speed is 1000mm / s. The layer thickness is 30μm, the scanning spacing is 0.12mm, argon protection (purity 99.999%), oxygen content ≤50ppm, and the chamber temperature is 80℃.

[0077] S4: A flat shell is obtained after heat treatment. The material of the flat shell is TA15, and the chemical composition is: Al: 6.0%; Mo: 1.5%; Zr: 2.0%; V: 1.5%; Ti: balance.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] The preparation process of Example 2 is largely the same as that of Example 1. The difference is that the substrate preheating temperature in Example 2 is 100°C, the laser power in region A is 320W, and the scanning speed is 1000mm / s; the laser power in region B is 300W, and the scanning speed is 900mm / s.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The preparation process of Comparative Example 1 is largely the same as that of Example 1. The difference is that Comparative Example 1 uses the existing printing method, with the flat shell placed horizontally, that is, the central axis of the flat shell is perpendicular to the substrate, and four pieces are printed at one time.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] The preparation process of Comparative Example 2 is largely the same as that of Example 1. The difference is that Comparative Example 2 does not divide the area and uses the same printing parameters, with a laser power of 350w and a scanning speed of 1100mm / s.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] The preparation process of Comparative Example 3 is largely the same as that of Example 1, except that the printing parameters of regions A and B are swapped in Comparative Example 3. The laser power of region A is 320W and the scanning speed is 1000mm / s; the laser power of region B is 350W and the scanning speed is 1100mm / s.

[0086] Comparative Example 4

[0087] The preparation process of Comparative Example 4 is largely the same as that of Example 1, except that the simulation coefficients of Region A and Region B in Comparative Example 4 are swapped. Region A has ∑XX=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑YY=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑ZZ=-0.03, while Region B has ∑XX=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑YY=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑ZZ=-0.03.

[0088] Comparative Example 5

[0089] The preparation process of Comparative Example 5 is largely the same as that of Example 1, except that Comparative Example 5 does not use step S2, but directly models and prints the model and performs heat treatment.

[0090] Performance testing

[0091] The above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to performance testing, mainly testing the deformation and mechanical properties after printing. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Table 1 Test Results

[0093]

[0094] As can be seen from Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-5 and with reference to Table 1, the present invention places the flat shell unit vertically during the printing process, that is, the axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, compared with the prior art (which places it horizontally during printing, and the central axis of the flat shell product is perpendicular to the substrate). When printing with the same specification equipment, the printing output is increased by more than 7 times, for example, the number of pieces printed in a single batch increases from 4 to more than 28.

[0095] In the printing process, the flat shell unit is placed vertically, and the substrate is divided into region A and region B. During subsequent model adjustments, a combination of simulation, pre-printing, and local reverse modeling is used to control the deformation of region A within ±2mm and the deformation of region B within ±3mm. During the printing process, the laser power and scanning speed of region A are controlled to be greater than those of region B, ensuring that the deformation of the resulting flat shell is ≤±0.5mm, and the tensile strength is above 1000MPa and the yield strength is above 800MPa.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency printing model for a flat shell, characterized in that, The high-efficiency printing model of the flat shell includes a substrate, multiple flat shell units and a support structure. The flat shell unit is a circular thin-walled part with an outer diameter of 360-400 mm and a wall thickness of 2.3-3 mm. The axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate. The flat shell units are evenly arranged along the x-axis or y-axis of the substrate, and a support structure is set between the flat shell unit and the substrate.

2. The high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure includes block supports and column supports.

3. The high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The block supports are 3×3mm to 5×5mm in size, and the width of the hollowed-out support teeth is 1mm to 1.5mm.

4. The high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters for the columnar supports are: diameter 1-1.5mm, spacing 4-6mm.

5. The high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the flat shell units is 10mm to 15mm.

6. A design method for a high-efficiency printed model of a flat shell as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Model design, the axis of the flat shell unit is parallel to the substrate, and a support structure is set between the flat shell unit and the substrate; and the substrate is divided into region A and region B; Region A is a quadrilateral located at the center of the substrate, and the side length of Region A is 55-65% of the side length of the substrate. Region B is the remaining area of ​​the substrate after subtracting Region A. S2: Model adjustment. Through simulation, pre-printing, and local reverse modeling, the deformation of region A is controlled within ±2mm; the deformation of region B is controlled within ±3mm, resulting in a high-efficiency printing model of the flat shell.

7. The design method for a high-efficiency printed model of a flat shell according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the simulation, different simulation coefficients were used for the flat shell element. In region A, the coefficients were ∑XX=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑YY=-0.0035~-0.004; ∑ZZ=-0.03, and in region B, the coefficients were ∑XX=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑YY=-0.004~-0.0043; ∑ZZ=-0.

03.

8. The application of a high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell as described in any one of claims 1-5, or a high-efficiency printing model of a flat shell obtained by the design method described in claim 6 or 7, in the manufacture of flat shell products.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flat shell high-efficiency printing model is sliced ​​to obtain several layers of slice files, which are then imported into the additive printing equipment for additive printing and heat treatment. In the additive printing process, regions A and B use different printing parameters, with region A having a higher laser power and scanning speed than region B.

10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat treatment is held at a temperature of 780–820°C for 3–5 hours, and then cooled in the furnace to below 80°C by air cooling.

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