Main shaft structure, main shaft and machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a main shaft structure, a main shaft and a machine tool, and the main shaft structure comprises a rotary joint which is provided with a central water hole; the pull rod assembly comprises a pull rod and a rotary connector connecting rod, the rotary connector connecting rod is connected to the end of the pull rod and inserted into the center water hole in the axial direction, an annular groove surrounding the rotary connector connecting rod in the circumferential direction is formed in the hole wall of the center water hole, the pull rod is provided with a pull rod inner hole, and the rotary connector connecting rod is provided with a connecting rod inner hole. An inner hole of the connecting rod is blocked by a blocking part to form a first-order inner hole and a second-order inner hole, a first lateral hole is formed in the hole wall of the first-order inner hole, and a second lateral hole is formed in the hole wall of the second-order inner hole; an air inlet channel; a drive cylinder; when the pull rod assembly is located at the broach position, the first lateral hole and the second lateral hole are both located in the annular groove, and the first-order inner hole communicates with the second-order inner hole. When the pull rod assembly is located at the cutter loosening position, the second lateral hole and the annular groove are staggered in the axial direction and communicate with the air inlet channel. The production cost can be reduced, and the system operation efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spindles, and in particular to a spindle structure, a spindle, and a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, machine tool spindles typically utilize center-outlet cooling to improve machining accuracy and efficiency. In this system, the cutting fluid flows through the tool's interior and is ejected from the tool tip, effectively reducing temperature rise at the tool and machining area. This mitigates the impact of high temperatures on machining accuracy and provides lubrication during processing. Furthermore, the connection precision between the tool holder and the rotating spindle is crucial. Besides ensuring the accuracy of the connection surfaces, the cleanliness of these surfaces is also a key factor affecting the connection precision.

[0003] Currently, BT and ISO toolholder interfaces use the same inlet for both center water outlet and center dust blowing functions. The machine tool system needs to be equipped with a center water outlet gas-liquid switching control valve to control the switching between center water outlet and center dust blowing functions. This requires adding control logic to the control valve, increasing costs and impacting machine tool operating efficiency. In short, existing spindle technologies cannot achieve a seamless integration of center water outlet and center dust blowing functions.

[0004] In summary, the problems existing in the relevant technologies urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a spindle structure, a spindle, and a machine tool.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: Firstly, a spindle structure includes: Rotary joint with a central water hole; A pull rod assembly includes a pull rod and a rotary joint connecting rod. The rotary joint connecting rod is connected to the end of the pull rod and is axially inserted into the central water hole. The wall of the central water hole has an annular groove surrounding the rotary joint connecting rod in the circumferential direction. The pull rod has a pull rod inner hole, and the rotary joint connecting rod has a connecting rod inner hole. The connecting rod inner hole is blocked by a blocking part and forms a first-order inner hole that mates with the central water hole and a second-order inner hole that mates with the pull rod inner hole. The wall of the first-order inner hole has a first lateral hole, and the wall of the second-order inner hole has a second lateral hole. Air intake passage; A drive cylinder is used to drive the pull rod assembly to move axially to the tool release position, or to release the pull rod assembly to reset it axially to the tool release position. When the pull rod assembly is in the puller position, both the first lateral hole and the second lateral hole are located in the annular groove, and the first-order inner hole communicates with the second-order inner hole through the annular groove; when the pull rod assembly is in the release position, the second lateral hole is axially offset from the annular groove and communicates with the air intake channel.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the drive cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston. The cylinder body includes an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder sleeve, and an annular piston cavity is formed between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder sleeve. The piston is disposed in the piston cavity and sleeved on the inner cylinder body. The inner cylinder body is provided with an axial hole. The rotary joint is disposed at the tail of the inner cylinder body. The rotary joint connecting rod passes through the axial hole and is inserted axially into the central water hole.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the piston includes a sleeve portion that engages with the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder and extends axially toward the pull rod assembly, and the end of the pull rod is provided with a pull rod cap for abutting and engaging with the sleeve portion.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the pull rod assembly is in the release position, the sleeve portion abuts against the pull rod cap and forms a cavity inside the axial hole of the inner cylinder, the second lateral hole is exposed through the central water hole and communicates with the cavity, and the air intake channel communicates with the cavity.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the air intake channel is disposed in the inner cylinder, and the air intake channel has an air outlet communicating with the cavity and an air inlet connected to an external air source.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the rotary joint includes a joint body and a joint insert. The joint body is connected to the inner cylinder. The joint insert is supported on the joint body by a bearing. The central water hole is provided on the joint insert. The joint insert has a moving joint at one end away from the rotary joint connecting rod. The joint body has a stationary joint that mates with the moving joint. The stationary joint has an external water inlet channel.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, some implementations of the first aspect further include a shaft core, wherein the shaft core has an inner hole, and the tie rod assembly is disposed in the inner hole of the shaft core.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the inner hole of the shaft core is provided with an elastic component for driving the pull rod assembly to reset to the puller position.

[0014] The second aspect is a spindle, comprising the spindle structure described in any implementation of the first aspect.

[0015] Thirdly, a machine tool comprising a spindle as described in any implementation of the second aspect.

[0016] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: The technical solution of this invention utilizes the working characteristics of the spindle and the ingenious design of the rotary joint connecting rod to achieve center water outlet and center dust blowing functions. Specifically, when the pull rod assembly is in the puller position, both the first and second lateral holes are located in the annular groove, and the first-order inner hole communicates with the second-order inner hole through the annular groove, thus achieving the center water outlet function. When the pull rod assembly is in the release position, the second lateral hole and the annular groove are axially offset, the first-order inner hole and the second-order inner hole are not connected, and the second-order inner hole communicates with the air intake channel, thereby achieving the center dust blowing function. The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: First, it replaces the center water outlet gas-liquid conversion control valve in the machine tool system, reducing machine tool production costs; second, it eliminates the control link for the gas-liquid conversion control valve in the machine tool control system, improving the operating efficiency of the machine tool system.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pull rod assembly located at the puller position according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pull rod assembly located at the release knife position according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of a section at point I; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of section II in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In this invention, when directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the purpose of describing the technical solution of this invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0021] In this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number. In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrally formed connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection capable of mutual communication; or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] in, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The reference direction coordinate system of this invention is given below, in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The directions shown illustrate embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] See Figure 1 , Figure 2An embodiment of the present invention provides a spindle structure, including a rotary joint 100, a tie rod assembly 200, an air intake channel 300, and a drive cylinder 400. The rotary joint 100 is provided with a central water hole 101. The tie rod assembly 200 includes a tie rod 201 and a rotary joint connecting rod 202. The rotary joint connecting rod 202 is connected to the end of the tie rod 201 and is inserted into the central water hole 101 axially. The wall of the central water hole 101 is provided with an annular groove 102 surrounding the rotary joint connecting rod 202 circumferentially. The tie rod 201 is provided with a tie rod inner hole 203. The rotary joint connecting rod 202 is provided with a connecting rod inner hole. The connecting rod inner hole is blocked by a blocking part 204 and forms a first-order inner hole 205 that mates with the central water hole 101 and a second-order inner hole 206 that mates with the tie rod inner hole 203. The blocking part 204 is located between the first-order inner hole 205 and the second-order inner hole 206, forming a barrier. In other words, the first-order inner hole 205 is a blind hole extending axially from the upper end face of the rotary joint connecting rod 202, and the second-order inner hole 206 is a blind hole extending axially from the lower end face of the rotary joint connecting rod 202. The hole wall of the first-order inner hole 205 is provided with a first lateral hole 207 near the blocking part 204. One or more first lateral holes 207 are provided. The first lateral hole 207 penetrates the hole wall of the first-order inner hole 205, that is, it penetrates from the inner wall surface of the first-order inner hole 205 to the outer wall surface of the first-order inner hole 205. The hole wall of the second-order inner hole 206 is provided with a second lateral hole 208 near the blocking part 204. One or more second lateral holes 208 are provided. The second lateral hole 208 penetrates the hole wall of the second-order inner hole 206, that is, it penetrates from the inner wall surface of the second-order inner hole 206 to the outer wall surface of the second-order inner hole 206.

[0025] The drive cylinder 400 is used to drive the tie rod assembly 200 to move axially to the tool release position, or to release the tie rod assembly 200 to reset it axially to the tool release position.

[0026] When the pull rod assembly 200 is in the puller position, the first lateral hole 207 and the second lateral hole 208 are both located in the annular groove 102. The first-order inner hole 205 is connected to the second-order inner hole 206 through the annular groove 102, and the annular groove 102 forms a channel that indirectly connects the first-order inner hole 205 and the second-order inner hole 206. When the pull rod assembly 200 is in the release position, the second lateral hole 208 is axially offset from the annular groove 102 and is connected to the air intake channel 300. At the same time, because the second lateral hole 208 is axially offset from the annular groove 102, the first-order inner hole 205 and the second-order inner hole 206 cannot be connected through the annular groove 102 and are blocked.

[0027] The technical solution of this invention utilizes the working characteristics of the spindle and the ingenious design of the rotary joint connecting rod 202 to achieve center water outlet and center dust blowing functions. Specifically, when the pull rod assembly 200 is in the puller position, see [reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 3The first lateral hole 207 and the second lateral hole 208 are both located in the annular groove 102. The first-order inner hole 205 is connected to the second-order inner hole 206 through the annular groove 102 to realize the center water outlet function. When the pull rod assembly 200 is in the knife release position, see Figure 2 , Figure 4 The second lateral hole 208 is axially offset from the annular groove 102. The first-order inner hole 205 and the second-order inner hole 206 are not connected, while the second-order inner hole 206 is connected to the air inlet channel 300, thereby realizing the center dust blowing function. The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: First, it replaces the center water outlet gas-liquid conversion control valve in the machine tool system, reducing the machine tool production cost; second, it eliminates the control link for the gas-liquid conversion control valve in the machine tool control system, improving the operating efficiency of the machine tool system.

[0028] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The drive cylinder 400 can be a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. Specifically, the drive cylinder 400 includes a cylinder body and a piston 401. The cylinder body includes an inner cylinder body 402 and an outer cylinder sleeve 403, forming an annular piston chamber between the inner cylinder body 402 and the outer cylinder sleeve 403. The piston 401 is disposed in the piston chamber and sleeved on the inner cylinder body 402. The inner cylinder body 402 has an axial hole 404. The rotary joint 100 is disposed at the tail of the inner cylinder body 402. The rotary joint connecting rod 202 passes through the axial hole 404 and is axially inserted into the central water hole 101. In this embodiment, the entire drive cylinder 400 is fitted between the rotary joint 100 and the tie rod assembly 200. The internal axial hole 404 allows the rotary joint connecting rod 202 to pass through, thereby realizing the functions of central water outlet and central dust blowing.

[0029] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The piston 401 includes a sleeve portion 405 that mates with the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 402 and extends axially toward the pull rod assembly. The end of the pull rod 201 is provided with a pull rod cap 406 for abutting against the sleeve portion 405. When it is necessary to release the cutter, the piston 401 of the drive cylinder 400 moves axially downward and pushes the pull rod cap 406 through the sleeve portion 405, causing the pull rod assembly 200 to move axially, thereby cooperating with the sliding core at the lower end of the shaft core to release the cutter.

[0030] Among them, see Figure 1 , Figure 3When the pull rod assembly 200 is in the knife-release position, the sleeve portion 405 abuts against the pull rod cap 406, forming a cavity 407 inside the axial hole 404 of the inner cylinder 402. The second lateral hole 208 is exposed through the central water hole 101 and communicates with the cavity 407. The air intake channel 300 is connected to the cavity 407. In this embodiment, the axially downward extending sleeve portion 405 abuts against the pull rod cap 406 to form a cavity 407 inside, and the second lateral hole 208 and the air intake channel 300 are connected through this cavity 407. This embodiment cleverly utilizes the cooperation and positional relationship between the piston 401 and the pull rod 201 when the knife is released to achieve the switching between the central water outlet and central dust blowing functions.

[0031] Specifically, during the spindle tool release (or tool removal) process, the tool holder 500 and the spindle core 600 separate. At this time, the connection surface between the tool holder 500 and the spindle core 600 is exposed, and a dust blowing action is required to clean the impurities on the contact surface between the tool holder 500 and the spindle core 600, as well as the residual cutting fluid inside the spindle core 600.

[0032] Under the pressure difference on both sides, the piston 401 of the drive cylinder 400 exerts force on the tie rod cap 406. Since the tie rod cap 406 and the tie rod 201 are connected together, under the force of the piston 401, the tie rod cap 406, the tie rod 201 and other components move down a certain distance at the same time. At this time, the first lateral hole 207 and the second lateral hole 208 of the rotary joint connecting rod 202 are separated. At this time, the machine tool commands control the air intake channel 300 to provide an air source.

[0033] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 The flow path of the central dust-blowing air source is as follows: air inlet channel 300 → cavity 407 → second lateral hole 208 → second-stage inner hole 206 → drawbar inner hole 203. Part of the gas reaching the drawbar inner hole 203 is blown out from the drawbar inner hole 203. This part of the gas can clean the contact area between the shaft core 600 and the tool holder 500. The other part of the gas reaching the drawbar inner hole 203 continues to be blown out along the drawbar inner hole 203. This part of the gas can remove the cutting fluid from the inside of the tool holder 500.

[0034] Among them, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 The intake passage 300 is located in the inner cylinder 402, and has an outlet 301 communicating with the cavity 407 and an intake port 302 for connecting to an external air source. It is understood that the intake passage 300 can also be located on the rotary joint 100 or the piston 401.

[0035] In some embodiments, see Figure 1The rotary joint 100 includes a joint body 102 and a joint core 103. The joint body 102 is connected to the inner cylinder 402. The joint core 103 is supported on the joint body 102 by a bearing 104. A central water hole 101 is provided on the joint core 103. The joint core 103 has a moving joint 105 at one end away from the rotary joint connecting rod 202. The joint body 102 has a stationary joint 106 that mates with the moving joint. The stationary joint 106 has an external water inlet channel.

[0036] See Figure 1 The lower end of the connector core 103 is provided with a sealing ring 107 that mates with the rotary connector connecting rod 202 on the outside of the annular groove. When the spindle loosens (or removes) the tool, the first lateral hole 207 and the second lateral hole 208 of the rotary connector connecting rod 202 are blocked by the sealing ring.

[0037] See Figure 2 , Figure 4 In the broaching state, the spindle does not require dust blowing. At this time, the piston 401 moves upward under the pressure difference on both sides, preventing contact between the piston 401 and the drawbar cap 406. A channel is formed at the mating point between the rotary joint connecting rod 202 and the annular groove 102 of the rotary joint 100's inner hole, allowing the first lateral hole 207 and the second lateral hole 208 of the rotary joint connecting rod 202 to connect through the annular groove 102. At this time, no air source is provided at the inlet of the machine tool command-controlled air intake channel 300.

[0038] The flow process of the center-outlet cutting fluid is as follows: center water hole 101 → first-stage inner hole 205 → annular groove 102 → second lateral hole 208 → second-stage inner hole 206 → tie rod inner hole 203. The cutting fluid is blown out from the end of the tie rod inner hole 203 to achieve the center-outlet function.

[0039] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The main spindle structure also includes a spindle core 600, which has an inner hole 601, and the tie rod assembly 200 is disposed in the inner hole 601.

[0040] Further, see Figure 1 An elastic component 602 is provided in the inner hole 601 of the shaft core for driving the pull rod assembly 200 to reset to the puller position.

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a spindle, including the spindle structure of any of the above embodiments.

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a machine tool including the spindle of any of the above embodiments.

[0043] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0044] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A spindle structure, characterized in that, include: Rotary joint with a central water hole; A pull rod assembly includes a pull rod and a rotary joint connecting rod. The rotary joint connecting rod is connected to the end of the pull rod and is axially inserted into the central water hole. The wall of the central water hole has an annular groove surrounding the rotary joint connecting rod in the circumferential direction. The pull rod has a pull rod inner hole, and the rotary joint connecting rod has a connecting rod inner hole. The connecting rod inner hole is blocked by a blocking part and forms a first-order inner hole that mates with the central water hole and a second-order inner hole that mates with the pull rod inner hole. The wall of the first-order inner hole has a first lateral hole, and the wall of the second-order inner hole has a second lateral hole. Air intake passage; A drive cylinder is used to drive the pull rod assembly to move axially to the tool release position, or to release the pull rod assembly to reset it axially to the tool release position. When the pull rod assembly is in the puller position, both the first lateral hole and the second lateral hole are located in the annular groove, and the first-order inner hole communicates with the second-order inner hole through the annular groove; when the pull rod assembly is in the release position, the second lateral hole is axially offset from the annular groove and communicates with the air intake channel.

2. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston. The cylinder body includes an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder sleeve. An annular piston cavity is formed between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder sleeve. The piston is disposed in the piston cavity and sleeved on the inner cylinder body. The inner cylinder body is provided with an axial hole. The rotary joint is disposed at the tail of the inner cylinder body. The rotary joint connecting rod passes through the axial hole and is inserted into the central water hole along the axial direction.

3. The spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The piston includes a sleeve portion that mates with the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder and extends axially toward the pull rod assembly, and the end of the pull rod is provided with a pull rod cap for abutting and engaging with the sleeve portion.

4. The spindle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the pull rod assembly is in the release position, the sleeve portion abuts against the pull rod cap and forms a cavity inside the axial hole of the inner cylinder. The second lateral hole is exposed through the central water hole and communicates with the cavity. The air intake channel is connected to the cavity.

5. The spindle structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air intake channel is located in the inner cylinder and has an air outlet communicating with the cavity and an air inlet connected to an external air source.

6. The spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotary joint includes a joint body and a joint core. The joint body is connected to the inner cylinder. The joint core is supported on the joint body by a bearing. The central water hole is provided on the joint core. The joint core has a moving joint at one end away from the rotary joint connecting rod. The joint body has a stationary joint that mates with the moving joint. The stationary joint has an external water inlet channel.

7. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a shaft core, which has an inner hole, and the tie rod assembly is disposed in the inner hole of the shaft core.

8. The spindle structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner hole of the shaft core is provided with an elastic component for driving the pull rod assembly to reset to the puller position.

9. A spindle, characterized in that, The spindle structure includes any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the spindle as described in claim 9.

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