Organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer processing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to an organic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer processing technology, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-70% of cow manure rotten matter, 25-30% of straw powder, 2% of hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder, 1% of special complex microbial inoculant for the organic fertilizer, and the balance of humic acid substances naturally generated in the fermentation process. Heavy metal ions are fixed through the adsorption effect of the hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder, antibiotics are degraded in combination with the metabolic activity of the special complex microbial inoculant for the organic fertilizer, the purification of soil heavy metal and antibiotic pollution is synchronously realized, the soil pollution risk is effectively reduced, and the safety of agricultural products is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer production technology, and in particular to an organic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of livestock and poultry farming, the harmless treatment and resource utilization of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure waste has become an important issue in the field of agricultural ecological and environmental protection. Using livestock and poultry manure as raw material to prepare organic fertilizer can not only solve the problem of waste pollution, but also provide green fertilizer source for agricultural production.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application number CN202310455971.4 discloses a process for resource utilization of dairy cow manure to produce high-efficiency bio-organic fertilizer. The main scheme includes mixing dairy cow manure with straw in a specific ratio, adding compound microbial agents, and then composting and fermenting. During the fermentation process, the manure is turned over regularly. After fermentation, the manure is dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain bio-organic fertilizer. This scheme improves the manure composting efficiency by adding compound microbial agents, thus realizing the resource utilization of dairy cow manure.

[0004] As can be seen from the above description, it has the following drawbacks when used: First, in large-scale farming, tetracycline antibiotics are often added to dairy cow feed to prevent diseases, and these antibiotics will remain in the feces. At the same time, dairy cow feces may also contain heavy metal ions such as lead and cadmium. The above practices can easily lead to antibiotic and heavy metal residues in the finished fertilizer. Long-term application will cause damage to the soil micro-ecology and accumulation of heavy metals, which will affect crop quality and human health.

[0005] Secondly, traditional composting fermentation processes produce large amounts of odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The above-mentioned treatment methods would result in the direct emission of these odorous gases, which could easily cause air pollution and affect the surrounding ecological environment and residents' lives. At the same time, nitrogen volatilization during fermentation results in significant losses, reducing the nutrient utilization rate of the fertilizer.

[0006] Therefore, designing a new organic fertilizer and its corresponding processing technology is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an organic fertilizer comprising the following components by mass percentage: 65-70% dairy cow manure compost, 25-30% straw powder, 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder, 1% organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent, and the remainder being humic acid substances naturally produced during fermentation.

[0008] It needs to be explained that: dairy cow manure compost refers to the harmless product of dairy cow manure after it has been fully decomposed through staged fermentation, without any undegraded macromolecular organic matter.

[0009] By modifying clinoptilolite powder with hydrochloric acid to fix heavy metal ions through ion exchange, the bacterial strains in the compound microbial agent synergistically degrade antibiotics, humic acid and decomposed straw work together to optimize soil pore structure, and the colonization of beneficial microorganisms to build a healthy soil micro-ecology, a multi-functional synergistic approach to purification and improvement is achieved. In addition, the metabolic products of the compound microbial agent can promote crop root development, improve soil permeability, and reduce compaction.

[0010] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the preparation of the hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder is carried out according to the following steps: The raw natural clinoptilolite ore is fed into a crusher and crushed into particles with a diameter of ≤2mm. Add 5% analytical grade hydrochloric acid solution (by mass) to the crushed zeolite particles at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and place the mixture in a constant temperature stirring device. Set the temperature to 25℃ and the stirring speed to 200r / min, and continue stirring for 2 hours. The acid-leached mixture was filtered using a vacuum filtration device to separate solid filter residue. Add deionized water to the solid filter residue, stir and wash, then filter again. Repeat this step until the pH of the filtrate reaches 6.5-7.0. The washed filter residue was placed in an electric heating drying oven, set to 105℃, and dried to constant weight. The dried material is fed into a universal pulverizer for crushing and then sieved through a 0.15mm standard sieve to obtain hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder with a high specific surface area.

[0011] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the preparation of the organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent is carried out according to the following steps: Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Streptomyces flavus were respectively inoculated onto LB slant medium and activated by incubation at 30°C for 12 hours. The three activated bacterial strains were inoculated into LB liquid medium at a volume of 2% of the medium volume. The medium was placed in a constant temperature shaker and the temperature was set at 30℃ and the rotation speed at 150r / min. The medium was shaken and cultured for 12h to obtain the seed liquid of the three bacterial strains. The seed cultures of the three bacterial strains were transferred into centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 8000 r / min for 10 min using a high-speed centrifuge to collect the bacterial precipitate. The three bacterial strains were precipitated and mixed thoroughly according to a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Streptomyces flavus = 2:1:1, and then sterile water was added and stirred to prepare a bacterial suspension. The viable counts of the three strains were as follows: Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g, Streptomyces flavus ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0012] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the granular organic fertilizer is formed according to the following steps: Take the dried, powdered organic fertilizer, ensuring its moisture content is ≤15%; Adjust the tilt angle of the disc granulator to 45° and the rotation speed to 30 r / min; Slowly add powdered organic fertilizer into the running granulator, and at the same time spray deionized water at a rate of 5% of the powder mass as a binder, and continue granulation for 15 minutes. The granulated material is passed through a 2-4mm grading sieve; Randomly selected sieved particles were tested using a pressure testing machine to determine their compressive strength, which was ≥10N.

[0013] This invention also provides an organic fertilizer processing technology, comprising the following steps: S1. Select dairy cow manure and air-dry it until the moisture content is 60-65%. Remove impurities by using a drum screener. Mix it with straw powder at a mass ratio of 3:1 and add 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder. Stir it evenly with a double spiral conical mixer to obtain the pretreated mixture. S2, Microwave passivation: The pretreated mixture is fed into a continuous industrial microwave device to degrade antibiotics; S3. Segmented environmentally friendly fermentation: The mixture is transferred to a temperature-controlled fermentation chamber. First, 25-30% oxygen-enriched air is introduced, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55-60℃ and 60-65% humidity for 48 hours. Then, the environment is adjusted to 3-5% micro-oxygen, and 1% compound bacterial agent is added for 7 days of fermentation. The fermentation exhaust gas is sent to the biological filter for purification by a negative pressure fan before being discharged. S4. The fermented material is dried in a low-temperature vacuum drying oven until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then crushed through a 1-3mm sieve. After passing the test, it can be granulated, and after being cleaned by an electromagnetic iron remover, it is packaged and shipped out of the factory.

[0014] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the drying of cow manure in step S1 is carried out according to the following steps: Clean the hardened concrete drying area to ensure it is free of impurities and standing water; Spread fresh cow manure evenly on the drying ground, controlling the thickness of the spread to 10cm; Air dry naturally for 2-3 days, turning the feces over once a day at a fixed time to ensure that the feces are dried evenly from top to bottom. After the drying process ends each day, multiple fecal samples are randomly selected to test the moisture content. When the moisture content reaches 60-65%, the drying process is stopped, and the subsequent screening and impurity removal steps begin.

[0015] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the microwave passivation in step S2 is performed according to the following steps: Start the continuous industrial microwave equipment, set the microwave frequency and power, and preheat for 10 minutes; Spread the pre-treated mixture evenly on the conveying equipment, controlling the spreading thickness to 2-3cm, and ensure that the spreading is flat; The material is continuously conveyed through the microwave treatment area inside the industrial microwave equipment, and the irradiation time is controlled at 5 minutes. After the material has completed microwave treatment, it is collected and then enters the subsequent fermentation step.

[0016] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the gas introduction in step S3 is carried out according to the following steps: Start the oxygen generator to produce high-concentration oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 93% ± 3%; High-concentration oxygen and normal-pressure air are introduced into a mixer at a volume ratio of 1:2 and mixed evenly to obtain oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume fraction of 25-30%. Oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the temperature-controlled fermentation chamber through pipes, and humidity control is simultaneously activated to maintain the humidity inside the chamber at 60-65%, thus entering the aerobic fermentation stage. Micro-aerobic switching: After 48 hours of aerobic fermentation, stop the supply of oxygen-enriched air and start the nitrogen supply; Nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.9% is introduced into the fermentation chamber, and the introduction rate is controlled until the oxygen volume fraction in the chamber drops to 3-5%, thus entering the micro-aerobic fermentation stage.

[0017] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the flipping and throwing operation in step S3 is performed as follows: After oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the fermentation chamber for 1 hour, a spiral turner is used to turn the material, ensuring that the turner blades are fully immersed in the material and the turning depth is controlled to 2 / 3 of the material layer height. The material should be turned over and stirred every 6 hours, with each turning lasting 15 minutes, to ensure that the material is fully mixed between the upper and lower layers. Stop turning and tossing the material 1 hour before the end of the micro-aerobic fermentation stage to avoid excessive heat loss due to overly loose material in the later stages of fermentation.

[0018] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the waste gas treatment in step S3 is carried out according to the following steps: Inspect the biological filter to ensure that it is filled with biological ceramic granules with a particle size of 3-5mm, the granule layer height is 1.5m, and the temperature inside the filter is preheated to 25-30℃. After fermentation begins, start the negative pressure fan on the top of the silo to collect the foul-smelling gases produced during fermentation through pipes; The collected odorous gases are transported through pipes to the bottom of the biological filter, allowing the gases to permeate upwards evenly through the packing layer. The residence time of exhaust gas in the packing layer is controlled to be 15 seconds, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the packing layer degrade pollutants such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas. After being treated by the biological filter, the gas is discharged from the top exhaust port.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses agricultural waste such as dairy cow manure and straw as the main raw materials, combined with hydrochloric acid-modified clinoptilolite powder and organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent, to realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reduce fertilizer raw material costs, meet the needs of circular agriculture development, and enhance the green and environmentally friendly attributes of fertilizer.

[0020] 2. This invention fixes heavy metal ions through the adsorption of hydrochloric acid-modified clinoptilolite powder, and degrades antibiotics through the metabolic activity of organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agents, thereby simultaneously purifying soil heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, effectively reducing the risk of soil pollution and ensuring the safety of agricultural products.

[0021] 3. This invention optimizes the soil pore structure by combining straw powder and humic acid substances, and promotes the colonization of beneficial microorganisms to build a soil micro-ecology with the help of compound microbial agents. At the same time, the metabolites of compound microbial agents can promote crop root development, thus having the dual effects of soil improvement and crop growth promotion, thereby improving soil fertility and crop yield.

[0022] 4. The processing technology of this invention adopts segmented fermentation combined with microwave passivation technology, along with waste gas biological filter purification and electromagnetic impurity removal steps, which not only ensures the complete decomposition of materials and the thorough degradation of antibiotics, but also achieves environmentally friendly emissions during the production process. At the same time, precise parameter control ensures stable product quality and adapts to the needs of large-scale production. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: An organic fertilizer comprising the following components by mass percentage: 65-70% composted dairy cow manure, 25-30% straw powder, 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder, 1% organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent, with the remainder being humic acid substances naturally produced during fermentation.

[0025] It needs to be explained that: dairy cow manure compost refers to the harmless product of dairy cow manure after it has been fully decomposed through staged fermentation, without any undegraded macromolecular organic matter.

[0026] Among them, the decomposed dairy cow manure serves as a basic source of organic matter, and its abundant humic precursors provide basic fertility for the soil; straw powder forms porous channels in the soil due to its fibrous structure; and hydrochloric acid-modified clinoptilolite powder, relying on the porous structure formed on its surface after acid modification, adsorbs heavy metal ions in the soil, reducing the risk of heavy metal migration.

[0027] The strains in the organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent decompose residual antibiotics in the soil and fertilizer through metabolic activities; the humic acid substances naturally produced during the fermentation process improve the soil particle aggregation state through their own colloidal properties.

[0028] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the preparation of the hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder is carried out according to the following steps: The raw natural clinoptilolite ore is fed into a crusher and crushed into particles with a diameter of ≤2mm. Add 5% analytical grade hydrochloric acid solution (by mass) to the crushed zeolite particles at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and place the mixture in a constant temperature stirring device. Set the temperature to 25℃ and the stirring speed to 200r / min, and continue stirring for 2 hours. The acid-leached mixture was filtered using a vacuum filtration device to separate solid filter residue. Add deionized water to the solid filter residue, stir and wash, then filter again. Repeat this step until the pH of the filtrate reaches 6.5-7.0. The washed filter residue was placed in an electric heating drying oven, set to 105℃, and dried to constant weight. The dried material is fed into a universal pulverizer for crushing and then sieved through a 0.15mm standard sieve to obtain hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder with a high specific surface area.

[0029] Humic acid substances have colloidal properties and can adsorb soil particles to form aggregates. The fibrous structure of straw powder can form interconnected pore channels in the soil. The two work together to increase the number and size of soil pores.

[0030] The strains in the compound microbial agent can reproduce using the organic matter and nutrients in the soil, gradually forming a stable microbial community in the soil; in addition, the plant growth regulators produced by the metabolism of the compound microbial agent can stimulate the division and elongation of crop root cells and enhance root vitality.

[0031] The small molecule compounds produced by the decomposition of antibiotics by compound microbial agents can serve as a carbon source for soil microorganisms, further promoting the stability of the soil micro-ecology; the soil aggregates formed by straw powder and humic acid can enhance the soil's water retention capacity, reduce the number of irrigations in arid areas, and improve the water-saving effect of agricultural production.

[0032] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the preparation of the organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent is carried out according to the following steps: Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Streptomyces flavus were respectively inoculated onto LB slant medium and activated by incubation at 30°C for 12 hours. The three activated bacterial strains were inoculated into LB liquid medium at a volume of 2% of the medium volume. The medium was placed in a constant temperature shaker and the temperature was set at 30℃ and the rotation speed at 150r / min. The medium was shaken and cultured for 12h to obtain the seed liquid of the three bacterial strains. The seed cultures of the three bacterial strains were transferred into centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 8000 r / min for 10 min using a high-speed centrifuge to collect the bacterial precipitate. The three bacterial strains were precipitated and mixed thoroughly according to a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Streptomyces flavus = 2:1:1, and then sterile water was added and stirred to prepare a bacterial suspension. The viable counts of the three strains were as follows: Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g, Streptomyces flavus ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0033] LB slant medium contains nutrients such as peptone and yeast extract, which can meet the basic growth requirements of the strains. 30℃ is the suitable growth temperature for the three strains. Constant temperature incubation for 12 hours can restore the activity of dormant strains and allow them to enter the logarithmic growth phase. LB liquid medium is in liquid state, which can ensure full contact between the strains and nutrients. The shaking effect of the constant temperature shaker can increase the dissolved oxygen in the medium, which can meet the respiratory requirements of aerobic strains (Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Streptomyces flavus). A 2% inoculum can ensure rapid reproduction of the strains in the medium. A rotation speed of 150 r / min can balance the dissolved oxygen and the growth rate of the strains. After 12 hours of incubation, the strain concentration reaches an appropriate level, forming a seed culture. The high-speed centrifuge's rotation speed of 8000 r / min can generate sufficient centrifugal force to cause the bacterial cells to settle at the bottom of the centrifuge tube, thus achieving the separation of the bacterial cells from the culture medium. Mixing the three bacterial strains in a 2:1:1 mass ratio ensures that the antibiotic degradation function of Bacillus subtilis, the nutrient supply function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the antibacterial function of Streptomyces flavus effectively complement each other. Sterile water maintains the activity of the bacterial cells and avoids contamination by other microorganisms. The final bacterial suspension contains a number of viable bacteria of each strain that meets the set standard, ensuring its application effect.

[0034] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the granular organic fertilizer is formed according to the following steps: Take the dried, powdered organic fertilizer, ensuring its moisture content is ≤15%; Adjust the tilt angle of the disc granulator to 45° and the rotation speed to 30 r / min; Slowly add powdered organic fertilizer into the running granulator, and at the same time spray deionized water at a rate of 5% of the powder mass as a binder, and continue granulation for 15 minutes. The granulated material is passed through a 2-4mm grading sieve; Randomly selected sieved particles were tested using a pressure testing machine to determine their compressive strength, which was ≥10N.

[0035] The dried powdered organic fertilizer has a moisture content of ≤15%, which ensures that the material has suitable flowability and avoids clumping due to excessive moisture or failure to form due to insufficient moisture. The 45° tilt angle of the disc granulator can balance the rolling tendency and residence time of the material, allowing the material to roll fully in the granulator to form granules. The rotation speed of 30r / min can ensure that the material is subjected to uniform centrifugal force and friction, avoiding granules that are too large or too small.

[0036] Slowly feeding the material into the running granulator allows it to be evenly distributed at the bottom of the disc. The uniformly sprayed deionized water wets the surface of the powder material, forming an adhesive layer. As the material rolls, it collides and sticks together, gradually forming spherical particles. A granulation time of 15 minutes ensures that the particles are formed completely. A 2-4mm grading sieve can screen out particles with uniform particle size and remove unqualified products that are too large or too small.

[0037] This invention also provides an organic fertilizer processing technology, comprising the following steps: S1. Select dairy cow manure and air-dry it until the moisture content is 60-65%. Remove impurities by using a drum screener. Mix it with straw powder at a mass ratio of 3:1 and add 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder. Stir it evenly with a double spiral conical mixer to obtain the pretreated mixture. S2, Microwave passivation: The pretreated mixture is fed into a continuous industrial microwave device to degrade antibiotics; S3. Segmented environmentally friendly fermentation: The mixture is transferred to a temperature-controlled fermentation chamber. First, 25-30% oxygen-enriched air is introduced, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55-60℃ and 60-65% humidity for 48 hours. Then, the environment is adjusted to 3-5% micro-oxygen, and 1% compound bacterial agent is added for 7 days of fermentation. The fermentation exhaust gas is sent to the biological filter for purification by a negative pressure fan before being discharged. S4. The fermented material is dried in a low-temperature vacuum drying oven until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then crushed through a 1-3mm sieve. After passing the test, it can be granulated, and after being cleaned by an electromagnetic iron remover, it is packaged and shipped out of the factory.

[0038] Through sunlight exposure and air circulation, the moisture in the cow manure evaporates, reducing the moisture content to 60-65%. This moisture content is suitable for microbial fermentation and can promote the subsequent fermentation process. The drum screener uses rotation to trap impurities such as sand and plastic in the manure through the screen, and qualified manure passes through the screen, thus removing impurities.

[0039] Adding straw powder at a 3:1 mass ratio can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material to meet the growth requirements of microorganisms; adding hydrochloric acid-modified clinoptilolite powder can pre-fix heavy metal ions in the feces; the double-helix conical mixer uses the rotation of double helix blades to fully stir various materials in the conical container to achieve uniform mixing.

[0040] Microwaves generated by continuous industrial microwave equipment can penetrate materials, causing the polar groups in antibiotic molecules to vibrate at high frequencies, producing thermal and non-thermal effects, destroying the chemical structure of antibiotic molecules, and decomposing them into non-toxic small molecule compounds, thus achieving antibiotic degradation.

[0041] A 25-30% oxygen-enriched air environment provides ample oxygen, while a temperature of 55-60℃ and a humidity of 60-65% provide a suitable environment for the growth of thermophilic microorganisms. These microorganisms can rapidly decompose large organic molecules in the material and kill pathogenic microorganisms. Initial fermentation can be completed in 48 hours. A 3-5% micro-oxygen environment can meet the growth requirements of the strains in the compound microbial agent, avoiding excessive oxygen from inhibiting the metabolism of the strains. The added compound microbial agent can further degrade residual antibiotics and promote the synthesis of humic acid. Complete fermentation can be achieved in 7 days.

[0042] The malodorous gases (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) produced by fermentation are collected by a negative pressure fan and sent into a biological filter. Microorganisms are attached to the surface of the biological ceramic granule packing material in the filter. The microorganisms can decompose pollutants such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide into non-toxic nitrogen, water and sulfate, thereby purifying the waste gas.

[0043] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made as follows: the drying of cow manure in step S1 is carried out according to the following steps: Clean the hardened concrete drying area to ensure it is free of impurities and standing water; Spread fresh cow manure evenly on the drying ground, controlling the thickness of the spread to 10cm; Air dry naturally for 2-3 days, turning the feces over once a day at a fixed time to ensure that the feces are dried evenly from top to bottom. After the drying process ends each day, multiple fecal samples are randomly selected to test the moisture content. When the moisture content reaches 60-65%, the drying process is stopped, and the subsequent screening and impurity removal steps begin. Specifically, cleaning the concrete-hardened drying area removes impurities and standing water to prevent impurities from mixing with the cow manure and to prevent mold growth caused by standing water, thus ensuring the purity of the raw materials. Spreading fresh cow manure to a thickness of 10cm ensures even sunlight and air circulation between the upper and lower layers, preventing the lower layer from being unable to evaporate moisture due to excessive thickness or the upper layer from evaporating too quickly due to excessive thinness. Turning the manure over at a fixed time each day brings the damp lower layer to the surface, ensuring even drying and breaking up any crusting on the surface to promote moisture evaporation. Testing multiple manure samples daily ensures accurate moisture content measurements and avoids misjudgments due to localized moisture content differences. Drying is stopped when the moisture content reaches 60-65% (suitable moisture for microbial fermentation), providing qualified raw materials for subsequent fermentation.

[0044] Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this example also includes the following technical features: Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the microwave passivation in step S2 is performed according to the following steps: Start the continuous industrial microwave equipment, set the microwave frequency and power, and preheat for 10 minutes; Spread the pre-treated mixture evenly on the conveying equipment, controlling the spreading thickness to 2-3cm, and ensure that the spreading is flat; The material is continuously conveyed through the microwave treatment area inside the industrial microwave equipment, and the irradiation time is controlled at 5 minutes. After the material has completed microwave treatment, it is collected and then enters the subsequent fermentation step.

[0045] By controlling the thickness of the pretreated mixture to 2-3cm, microwave energy can penetrate the surface of the material to reach the interior, avoiding incomplete degradation of antibiotics in the internal material due to excessive thickness, or energy waste due to excessive thinness.

[0046] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the gas introduction in step S3 is carried out according to the following steps: Start the oxygen generator to produce high-concentration oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 93% ± 3%; High-concentration oxygen and normal-pressure air are introduced into a mixer at a volume ratio of 1:2 and mixed evenly to obtain oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume fraction of 25-30%. Oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the temperature-controlled fermentation chamber through pipes, and humidity control is simultaneously activated to maintain the humidity inside the chamber at 60-65%, thus entering the aerobic fermentation stage. Micro-aerobic switching: After 48 hours of aerobic fermentation, stop the supply of oxygen-enriched air and start the nitrogen supply; Nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.9% is introduced into the fermentation chamber, and the introduction rate is controlled until the oxygen volume fraction in the chamber drops to 3-5%, thus entering the micro-aerobic fermentation stage.

[0047] The oxygen generator uses pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology to separate oxygen from the air by utilizing the difference in adsorption capacity of molecular sieves for oxygen and nitrogen, producing high-concentration oxygen with a concentration of 93% ± 3%. The high-concentration oxygen is then mixed with atmospheric air at a volume ratio of 1:2. Through the stirring action of the mixer, the two gases are thoroughly mixed to obtain oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume fraction of 25-30%. This concentration can meet the respiratory needs of thermophilic aerobic microorganisms. The oxygen-enriched air is then evenly introduced into the temperature-controlled fermentation chamber through pipes to provide sufficient oxygen for the aerobic microorganisms.

[0048] The humidity inside the chamber is maintained at 60-65% by spraying or humidifying to prevent the material from drying out due to water evaporation during fermentation, which would affect the activity of microorganisms. After 48 hours of aerobic fermentation, the microorganisms have completed the initial decomposition of macromolecular organic matter. At this time, the supply of oxygen-enriched air is stopped and nitrogen supply is started. Nitrogen with a purity of 99.9% can quickly dilute the oxygen concentration inside the chamber. By controlling the nitrogen supply rate, the volume fraction of oxygen inside the chamber is reduced to 3-5%. This concentration is suitable for the growth requirements of the strains in the compound microbial agent, and the chamber enters the microaerobic fermentation stage.

[0049] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the flipping and throwing operation in step S3 is performed as follows: After oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the fermentation chamber for 1 hour, a spiral turner is used to turn the material, ensuring that the turner blades are fully immersed in the material and the turning depth is controlled to 2 / 3 of the material layer height. The material should be turned over and stirred every 6 hours, with each turning lasting 15 minutes, to ensure that the material is fully mixed between the upper and lower layers. Stop turning and tossing the material 1 hour before the end of the micro-aerobic fermentation stage to avoid excessive heat loss due to overly loose material in the later stages of fermentation.

[0050] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is made: the waste gas treatment in step S3 is carried out according to the following steps: Inspect the biological filter to ensure that it is filled with biological ceramic granules with a particle size of 3-5mm, the granule layer height is 1.5m, and the temperature inside the filter is preheated to 25-30℃. After fermentation begins, start the negative pressure fan on the top of the silo to collect the foul-smelling gases produced during fermentation through pipes; The collected odorous gases are transported through pipes to the bottom of the biological filter, allowing the gases to permeate upwards evenly through the packing layer. The residence time of exhaust gas in the packing layer is controlled to be 15 seconds, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the packing layer degrade pollutants such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas. After being treated by the biological filter, the gas is discharged from the top exhaust port.

[0051] One hour after oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the fermentation chamber, the material has initially come into contact with oxygen. At this point, the spiral turning machine is started to prevent premature turning and oxygen loss, while ensuring that the material has a certain degree of air permeability. The turning machine blades are fully immersed in the material, and the turning depth is 2 / 3 of the material layer height. This ensures that the lower layer of material is turned to the surface, achieving thorough mixing between the upper and lower layers and preventing anaerobic fermentation due to lack of oxygen in the lower layer. Turning is done every 6 hours to replenish the oxygen in the material in time and to expel the waste gas produced during fermentation, preventing oxygen depletion. Each turning lasts for 15 minutes to ensure that the material is mixed evenly and to avoid energy waste caused by excessive turning. Turning is stopped 1 hour before the end of the microaerobic fermentation stage to prevent the material from becoming too loose, reduce heat loss, ensure a stable temperature at the end of fermentation, and ensure that the material is fully decomposed.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or transformations made to the implementation of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0053] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The components include the following proportions by weight: 65-70% decomposed dairy cow manure, 25-30% straw powder, 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder, 1% organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent, and the remainder being humic acid substances naturally produced during fermentation.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the hydrochloric acid-modified clinoptilolite powder is carried out according to the following steps: The raw natural clinoptilolite ore is fed into a crusher and crushed into particles with a diameter of ≤2mm. Add 5% analytical grade hydrochloric acid solution (by mass) to the crushed zeolite particles at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and place the mixture in a constant temperature stirring device. Set the temperature to 25℃ and the stirring speed to 200r / min, and continue stirring for 2 hours. The acid-leached mixture was filtered using a vacuum filtration device to separate solid filter residue. Add deionized water to the solid filter residue, stir and wash, then filter again. Repeat this step until the pH of the filtrate reaches 6.5-7.

0. The washed filter residue was placed in an electric heating drying oven, set to 105℃, and dried to constant weight. The dried material is fed into a universal pulverizer for crushing and then sieved through a 0.15mm standard sieve to obtain hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder with a high specific surface area.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation of the organic fertilizer-specific compound microbial agent is carried out according to the following steps: Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Streptomyces flavus were respectively inoculated onto LB slant medium and activated by incubation at 30°C for 12 hours. The three activated bacterial strains were inoculated into LB liquid medium at a volume of 2% of the medium volume. The medium was placed in a constant temperature shaker and the temperature was set at 30℃ and the rotation speed at 150r / min. The medium was shaken and cultured for 12h to obtain the seed liquid of the three bacterial strains. The seed cultures of the three bacterial strains were transferred into centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 8000 r / min for 10 min using a high-speed centrifuge to collect the bacterial precipitate. The three bacterial strains were precipitated and mixed thoroughly according to a mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Streptomyces flavus = 2:1:1, and then sterile water was added and stirred to prepare a bacterial suspension. The viable counts of the three strains were as follows: Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g, Streptomyces flavus ≥2.5×10 8 CFU / g.

4. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The granular organic fertilizer is formed according to the following steps: Take the dried, powdered organic fertilizer, ensuring its moisture content is ≤15%; Adjust the tilt angle of the disc granulator to 45° and the rotation speed to 30 r / min; Slowly add powdered organic fertilizer into the running granulator, and at the same time spray deionized water at a constant speed (5% of the powder mass) as a binder, and continue granulation for 15 minutes. The granulated material is passed through a 2-4mm grading sieve; Randomly selected sieved particles were tested using a pressure testing machine to determine their compressive strength, which was ≥10N.

5. An organic fertilizer processing technology, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select dairy cow manure and air-dry it until the moisture content is 60-65%. Remove impurities by using a drum screener. Mix it with straw powder at a mass ratio of 3:1 and add 2% hydrochloric acid modified clinoptilolite powder. Stir it evenly with a double spiral conical mixer to obtain the pretreated mixture. S2. Microwave passivation: The pretreated mixture is fed into a continuous industrial microwave device to degrade antibiotics; S3. Segmented environmentally friendly fermentation: The mixture is transferred to a temperature-controlled fermentation chamber. First, 25-30% oxygen-enriched air is introduced, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 55-60℃ and 60-65% humidity for 48 hours. Then, the environment is adjusted to 3-5% micro-oxygen, and 1% compound bacterial agent is added for 7 days of fermentation. The fermentation exhaust gas is sent to the biological filter for purification by a negative pressure fan before being discharged. S4. The fermented material is dried in a low-temperature vacuum drying oven until the moisture content is ≤15%, and then crushed through a 1-3mm sieve. After passing the test, it can be granulated, and after being cleaned by an electromagnetic iron remover, it is packaged and shipped out of the factory.

6. The processing technology according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying of cow manure in step S1 shall be carried out according to the following steps: Clean the hardened concrete drying area to ensure it is free of impurities and standing water; Spread fresh cow manure evenly on the drying ground, controlling the thickness of the spread to 10cm; Air dry naturally for 2-3 days, turning the feces over once a day at a fixed time to ensure that the feces are dried evenly from top to bottom. After the drying process ends each day, multiple fecal samples are randomly selected to test the moisture content. When the moisture content reaches 60-65%, the drying process is stopped, and the subsequent screening and impurity removal steps begin.

7. The processing technology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The microwave passivation in step S2 is performed according to the following steps: Start the continuous industrial microwave equipment, set the microwave frequency and power, and preheat for 10 minutes; Spread the pre-treated mixture evenly on the conveying equipment, controlling the spreading thickness to 2-3cm, and ensure that the spreading is flat; The material is continuously conveyed through the microwave treatment area inside the industrial microwave equipment, and the irradiation time is controlled at 5 minutes. After the material has completed microwave treatment, it is collected and then enters the subsequent fermentation step.

8. The processing technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the gas is introduced according to the following steps: Start the oxygen generator to produce high-concentration oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 93% ± 3%; High-concentration oxygen and normal-pressure air are introduced into a mixer at a volume ratio of 1:2 and mixed evenly to obtain oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen volume fraction of 25-30%. Oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the temperature-controlled fermentation chamber through pipes, and humidity control is simultaneously activated to maintain the humidity inside the chamber at 60-65%, thus entering the aerobic fermentation stage. Micro-aerobic switching: After 48 hours of aerobic fermentation, stop the supply of oxygen-enriched air and start the nitrogen supply; Nitrogen gas with a purity of 99.9% is introduced into the fermentation chamber, and the introduction rate is controlled until the oxygen volume fraction in the chamber drops to 3-5%, thus entering the micro-aerobic fermentation stage.

9. The processing technology according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flipping and tossing operation in step S3 is performed as follows: After oxygen-enriched air is introduced into the fermentation chamber for 1 hour, a spiral turner is used to turn the material, ensuring that the turner blades are fully immersed in the material and the turning depth is controlled to 2 / 3 of the material layer height. The material should be turned over and stirred every 6 hours, with each turning lasting 15 minutes, to ensure that the material is fully mixed between the upper and lower layers. Stop turning and tossing the material 1 hour before the end of the micro-aerobic fermentation stage to avoid excessive heat loss due to overly loose material in the later stages of fermentation.

10. The processing technology according to claim 9, characterized in that, The waste gas treatment in step S3 is carried out according to the following steps: Inspect the biological filter to ensure that it is filled with biological ceramic granules with a particle size of 3-5mm, the granule layer height is 1.5m, and the temperature inside the filter is preheated to 25-30℃. After fermentation begins, start the negative pressure fan on the top of the silo to collect the foul-smelling gases produced during fermentation through pipes; The collected odorous gases are transported through pipes to the bottom of the biological filter, allowing the gases to permeate upwards evenly through the packing layer. The residence time of exhaust gas in the packing layer is controlled to be 15 seconds, and the microorganisms attached to the surface of the packing layer degrade pollutants such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas. After being treated by the biological filter, the gas is discharged from the top exhaust port.