A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring and a method of making the same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of textile technology, and relates to a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring and a preparation method thereof. The tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring is an integrally formed fabric, a part of the area is a three-layer composite structure, including a working layer, an elastic layer and a hydrophobic layer arranged in turn from inside to outside, and adjacent two layers are connected through binding yarn, and another part of the area is a single-layer structure, which is only the elastic layer; the working layer is composed of a working electrode area, a counter electrode area, a reference electrode area and a non-electrode area. The preparation method is to circulate "single cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer -> single cycle weaving of the elastic layer -> single cycle weaving of the working layer. The tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring realizes the integration of vitamin C content monitoring, air permeability, flexibility, wearing firmness and the like. The preparation method adopts an integrated forming process, and realizes the durable and firm overall structure of the tubular woven fabric sensor.

Description

A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of textile technology and relates to a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Sweat is an easily collected, non-invasive biofluid containing various biological components that reflect physiological states. The human body readily produces sweat under heat or pressure stimulation. By analyzing the content of components such as vitamin C in sweat, the vitamin C level in the blood can be indirectly assessed, enabling health monitoring. However, traditional blood testing methods suffer from high invasiveness and poor real-time performance, making them unsuitable for continuous daily monitoring.

[0003] Currently, research has employed wearable flexible sensors for real-time detection of sweat components, with patch sensors being the mainstream approach. For example, the literature (A multi-channel wearable sensing patch based on gate-all-around field-effect transistors. Lab on a Chip, 2025, 25, 4317-4327.) reports a multi-channel wearable sensing patch based on field-effect transistors, enabling the detection of various sweat biomarkers and demonstrating the application potential of patch-type sweat sensors in non-invasive, multi-indicator continuous monitoring. Another example is US Patent No. 11399743B2, which discloses a wearable sweat sensing device comprising a biochemical sensing patch assembly for collecting sweat and a channel structure. This device guides sweat across the sensor on the skin surface and outputs electrical signals to assess information such as the body's hydration status.

[0004] These patch sensors integrate functional materials onto a flexible substrate, allowing them to interact physically or chemically with sweat components, resulting in changes in electrical signals and thus indirectly acquiring physiological information. However, patch sensors still have the following limitations in practical applications:

[0005] (1) The patch substrate has poor breathability, and wearing it for a long time can easily cause skin discomfort;

[0006] (2) Adhesion performance is affected by factors such as sweat and time, making it difficult to maintain a firm fit;

[0007] (3) The mechanical properties of the patch are difficult to match with the mechanical properties of the skin, which can easily cause local foreign body sensation during human activities, affecting wearing comfort and stability.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wearable sweat composition monitoring device that combines good comfort and durability, which is of great significance for meeting the need for long-term real-time monitoring of sweat composition. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring and its preparation method.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring is a one-piece molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, including a working layer, an elastic layer and a hydrophobic layer arranged from the inside to the outside, with adjacent layers connected by bonding yarns. The other part of the area has a single-layer structure, consisting only of an elastic layer.

[0012] The working layer consists of a working electrode area, a counter electrode area, a reference electrode area, and a non-electrode area; at least some of the yarns in the working electrode area contain substances that can undergo redox reactions with vitamin C; at least some of the yarns in the working electrode area, the counter electrode area, and the reference electrode area are conductive yarns; the working electrode area and the reference electrode area are arranged along the weft direction, and the counter electrode area is arranged along the warp direction with both the working electrode area and the reference electrode area.

[0013] The principle of this invention is as follows:

[0014] The vitamin C content in human sweat can reflect nutritional status, thus monitoring the vitamin C content in sweat can be used to assess a person's nutritional status. Currently, commercial sensors are available for detecting vitamin C in sweat, and some flexible patch sensors can also perform this function. However, most existing commercial sensors are large or rigid structures, making them inconvenient to carry or wear; while patch sensors, although they can be attached to the skin, suffer from problems such as an impermeable substrate and easy detachment, making them unsuitable for long-term real-time monitoring.

[0015] This invention provides a tubular woven fabric sensor for detecting vitamin C content in sweat. It employs a multi-layered fabric structure, including an elastic layer, a working layer, a hydrophobic layer, and bonding yarns. The bonding yarns penetrate the working layer, elastic layer, and hydrophobic layer, firmly bonding them together. This sensor can be worn on multiple parts of the body. Its working layer contains a material that can chemically react with vitamin C, such as a conductive metal-organic framework, supporting real-time sweat detection and maintaining firm contact with the skin even during vigorous movement or physical impact.

[0016] Specifically, the elastic layer possesses excellent elasticity, and its tubular shape facilitates wearing and securing it to different parts of the body. The working layer is a fabric-based three-electrode system that directly contacts the skin and sweat. The three-electrode system includes a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. When vitamin C in sweat diffuses to the surface of the working electrode, an electrochemical oxidation reaction occurs under an applied constant potential. Vitamin C loses electrons to generate oxidation products, and the released electrons are conducted through the working electrode into an external circuit, forming a measurable current signal. The reference electrode provides a stable potential reference and does not participate in the reaction, ensuring the working electrode potential is controlled. The counter electrode acts as a current loop compensation, balancing charge transfer and maintaining the continuous reaction. Under the synergistic action of the three electrodes, the measured current signal is directly correlated with the vitamin C reaction rate, and the current intensity shows a certain response relationship with the vitamin C content. This response relationship allows for quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis of vitamin C in sweat. Conductive yarns are interwoven in each electrode area of ​​the working layer to effectively conduct electrical signals. The hydrophobic layer blocks liquid water, while the warp and weft interweaving provides good breathability.

[0017] Furthermore, this tubular woven fabric sensor employs a multi-shuttle weaving process, which allows for the integration of multiple weft yarns into the same fabric using existing mature equipment and referencing existing tapestry weaving techniques, achieving a one-piece molding. The types of weft yarns in the fabric are consistent with the number of shuttles, ensuring that different functional areas are realized within the same fabric layer.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution:

[0019] As described above, the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring uses circular cross-section polyester multifilament yarns in the working electrode area, the reference electrode area, and the knotting yarns. Circular cross-section polyester fibers have good mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and water resistance. They are not prone to swelling, deformation, or performance degradation under long-term sweat immersion, which can better ensure the structural stability and reliability of repeated testing of the tubular woven fabric during use. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilament yarn is 30-150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-144, which can better ensure structural stability and processability. Too few single filaments will lead to increased yarn rigidity, decreased fit, and easy local stress concentration, while too many single filaments will easily cause single filament breakage and increased hairiness.

[0020] As described above, the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring uses circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament yarns for both the warp and weft yarns in the electrode area. Utilizing the excellent flexibility and fatigue resistance of nylon, combined with the stable conductive path provided by the silver plating layer, the conductive stability of the electrode area under fabric bending and dynamic wearing conditions can be better guaranteed. The linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament yarn is 40-200 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-144. Too low a linear density will reduce the conductive layer's load capacity, while too high a density will reduce the fabric's softness. Too few single filaments can easily increase rigidity, while too many can easily cause wear or peeling of the silver plating layer. Controlling the linear density within the range of 40-200 denier and the number of single filaments in the cross-section within the range of 24-144 allows for a better balance between conductivity, flexibility, and structural stability.

[0021] As described above, the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring uses shaped cross-section polyester multifilament yarns in the non-electrode area. This significantly enhances the capillary wicking effect, enabling sweat to spread more rapidly in the fabric. A single drop of sweat (approximately 10-30 μL) can wet the entire working layer in a short time, simultaneously covering the working electrode area, reference electrode area, and counter electrode area. This better ensures the ion connectivity of the three-electrode system (working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode) in the same continuous electrolyte environment. The shaped cross-section polyester multifilament yarn has a linear density of 30-150 denier and 24-72 single filaments. The cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped, which better enhances the yarn specific surface area and capillary effect while ensuring weaving stability, further promoting sweat spreading and transmission.

[0022] As described above, a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has a working electrode area where the weft yarn contains a metal-organic framework (MOF). The MOF material has an adjustable pore structure and a high specific surface area, providing a more stable reaction interface during sweat contact and better ensuring the stability of the working electrode area's response to changes in vitamin C in sweat. The MOF-containing yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer yarn spirally wound around the core yarn surface. The spiral winding allows for a higher load of the conductive MOF functional material per unit length of core yarn surface. The core yarn is a profiled cross-section polyester multifilament, which better maintains the overall structure and mechanical properties of the yarn. The outer yarn is a profiled cross-section polyester multifilament coated with a conductive MOF, with a winding twist of 1000-1500 twists / meter. This winding twist better ensures winding stability and softness; too low a winding twist reduces winding stability, while too high a twist affects sweat penetration and yarn softness.

[0023] The linear density of the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament is 30-150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-72, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped. The core yarn and the outer yarn are made of irregular cross-section polyester multifilament. The cross-shaped cross-section of the single filament is more conducive to the formation of capillary channels, which further promotes the transmission of sweat to the functional layer of conductive metal organic framework. The linear density and the number of single filaments in the cross-section are controlled within the range of 30-150 denier and 24-72, respectively, which can better balance the moisture wicking ability and structural stability.

[0024] The preparation steps of the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring described above, with its irregularly shaped cross-section polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, are as follows:

[0025] (a) 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O were dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:20-40, and after ultrasonic treatment, they were reacted under heating conditions (reaction temperature of 80-100℃, reaction time of 20-60min) to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder.

[0026] (b) The conductive metal-organic framework powder is washed sequentially (using deionized water and ethanol alternately for 2-5 times to remove unreacted ligands and metal salts), solvent exchanged (immersed in ethanol for solvent exchange for 12-48 hours, during which the ethanol can be replaced periodically), and activated (heated at 80-150℃ under vacuum or inert atmosphere for 2-12 hours).

[0027] (c) Disperse conductive metal-organic framework powder in a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution with a mass fraction of 5%-10% to obtain a dispersion with a mass fraction of 2%-5%, and impregnate irregular cross-section polyester multifilament in it (impregnation temperature is 40-60°C, impregnation time is 15-30min). The linear density of the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament is 30-150 denier, the number of cross-section monofilaments is 24-72, and the cross-section of the monofilament is cross-shaped. Take out the impregnated irregular cross-section polyester multifilament and dry it to obtain irregular cross-section polyester multifilament coated with conductive metal-organic framework.

[0028] As described above, a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has a reference electrode region where the weft yarn is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The silver / silver chloride system has a stable electrode potential, and its construction on a flexible yarn can better ensure the stability of the reference electrode potential. The preparation process of the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride is as follows: a mixture of perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver and silver chloride is drop-coated (drop-coating amount is 0.05-0.5 mL / m yarn) onto the silver-plated nylon multifilament. The linear density of the silver-plated nylon multifilament is 40-200 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross section is 24-72. The nylon multifilament is dried in an environment of 50-80℃ for 4-12 hours to obtain the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

[0029] As described above, a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has both warp and weft yarns of nylon / spandex wrapped yarns in its elastic layer. By utilizing the structural stability of nylon and the elastic recovery properties of spandex, the weft elasticity of the fabric can be better controlled. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer yarn spirally wound around the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 30-75 denier, and the outer yarn is spandex with a linear density of 50-150 denier. The winding twist is 250-450 / m.

[0030] As described above, the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has a hydrophobic layer in which both the warp and weft yarns are made of circular cross-section polyester multifilament or circular cross-section nylon multifilament. When woven at high density, the circular cross-section polyester multifilament or circular cross-section nylon multifilament can not only form a more stable water-blocking structure due to its inherent hydrophobicity, but also has higher abrasion resistance. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilament or circular cross-section nylon multifilament is 30-150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-72. Such linear density and number of single filaments in the cross-section can better meet the requirements of weaving structure stability and hydrophobic layer structure.

[0031] As described above, a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has a working layer with a warp tension of 50%-70% and a weft tension of 50%-70%; the elastic layer has a warp tension of 40%-60% and a weft tension of 40%-60%, ensuring better fabric elasticity. If the warp and weft tensions of the elastic layer are too high, the yarn's stretching space is limited, leading to decreased elasticity and wearing comfort. If the warp and weft tensions of the elastic layer are too low, the fabric structure is looser, and elastic support is reduced. The hydrophobic layer has a warp tension of 60%-80% and a weft tension of 60%-80%, further enhancing... The density and hydrophobic effect of the hydrophobic layer are ensured. When the warp and weft yarn tightness of the hydrophobic layer is too low, the fabric pores increase, which can easily form interconnected channels and reduce its hydrophobic isolation effect. When the warp and weft yarn tightness of the hydrophobic layer is too high, it is not easy to operate. The distance between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area along the weft direction is 0.5-2mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area and the working electrode area or the reference electrode area along the warp direction is 1-3mm. Such a small electrode distance is more conducive to the rapid formation of continuous electrolyte channels under the condition of a small amount of sweat, thereby better ensuring that the tubular woven fabric sensor can work normally when a small amount of sweat appears.

[0032] As described above, a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring has a hydrophobic layer with a plain weave structure, which has many interlacing points and a tight structure, making it more conducive to forming a dense and stable hydrophobic isolation layer. The elastic layer has a tubular weave structure, which facilitates the overall looping of the fabric and makes it easier to wear. The working layer has a satin weave structure, which has fewer interlacing points and a relatively loose structure, making it more conducive to the spread and transmission of sweat on the fabric surface, thereby improving the efficiency of sweat transport to the electrode area.

[0033] This invention also provides a method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring as described in any of the preceding claims. The method involves cyclically performing "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer". During this process, the binding yarn is controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, the elastic layer, and the hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding between the layers. The presence of the binding yarn ensures that the layers do not come apart directly and also ensures that all warp and weft yarns in the working layer can be combined into a whole. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring.

[0034] When weaving each layer in a single cycle, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the target interlacing area. When weaving the hydrophobic layer and the elastic layer in a single cycle, n=1. When weaving the working layer in a single cycle, if the target interlacing area is entirely a non-electrode area, then n=1; otherwise, n>1. The weft-weft interlacing process is used for manufacturing.

[0035] The single-cycle weaving process for each layer can refer to existing technologies. For example, the single-cycle weaving process for the hydrophobic layer is as follows: Shedding preparation (the hydrophobic layer warp yarns are divided into upper and lower layers in a 1:1 ratio through the shedding mechanism, and only half of the hydrophobic layer warp yarns in the target interlacing area are raised to form a shed) → Weft introduction (a shuttle is used to introduce a single hydrophobic layer weft yarn into the shed) → Weft insertion and warp yarn return (the reed swings forward, pushing the introduced weft yarns towards the weaving point, forming an interlacing point with the raised hydrophobic layer warp yarns. The shedding mechanism releases the lifting force, causing the interlaced hydrophobic layer warp yarns to fall back to their original positions, and together with the unraised hydrophobic layer warp yarns, fix the weft yarns, completing a single interlacing cycle).

[0036] The manufacturing method of this invention achieves the connection of each layer through integral molding, which helps to ensure the continuity and overall stability between different layers, avoids interlayer misalignment or separation, and thus improves the structural robustness of the fabric during bending, stretching, and repeated wear. At the same time, the integral molding structure can reduce the number of interlayer interfaces, which helps the continuous transmission of sweat within the fabric and ensures the stability of the sensing signal. If multi-layer bonding or other technologies are used, interface defects are easily formed between layers, which not only affect the continuity of sweat transmission, but also easily lead to delamination and debonding during repeated bending or washing, thereby reducing the stability and service life of the tubular woven fabric sensor.

[0037] Beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring of the present invention has a multi-layered fabric structure. The tubular shape is easy to wear and can be firmly fixed to different parts of the human body. It can be fixed to multiple body parts such as the forehead, fingers, wrists, and neck by a looping method, so as to achieve stable wear for a long time and not easy to fall off. The elastic layer has excellent elasticity and can be strained and stretched. The hydrophobic layer is not only breathable, but also effectively blocks the intrusion of liquid water. The bonding yarn is used to realize the bonding between the layers. The working layer is a fabric-based three-electrode system with excellent flexibility and breathability. The working electrode area of ​​the working layer is used to generate an electrical signal response to vitamin C in sweat. The weft yarn of the working electrode area has high wicking performance, so that sweat quickly wets the entire working electrode area, which is conducive to the diffusion of vitamin C in sweat to the surface of the working electrode. The multi-layered fabric structure realizes the integration of vitamin C content monitoring of sweat, breathability, flexibility and wearing firmness.

[0039] (2) The preparation method of the present invention adopts an integrated molding process, which directly integrates the sweat detection function into the fabric structure. The overall structure of the tubular woven fabric sensor is durable and strong, which not only helps to realize long-term real-time monitoring of the vitamin C content of sweat, but also has the convenience of wearing. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, where the non-electrode area is not shown.

[0041] Figure 2 is a top view of the tubular woven fabric sensor used for sweat monitoring, with the non-electrode area not shown.

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the weft yarn structure in the working electrode area of ​​the tubular woven fabric sensor used for sweat monitoring;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the outer wrapping yarn of the weft yarn in the working electrode area of ​​the tubular woven fabric sensor used for sweat monitoring (the dashed line represents the circular boundary of the outer wrapping yarn of the weft yarn in the working electrode area, and the cross-shaped structure represents the cross-section of the single filament of the outer wrapping yarn of the weft yarn in the working electrode area).

[0044] Among them, 1-working layer, 2-elastic layer, 3-hydrophobic layer, 4-bonding yarn, 5-working electrode area, 6-counter electrode area, 7-reference electrode area, 81-first conductive yarn, 82-second conductive yarn, 83-third conductive yarn, 9-weft yarn outer wrapping yarn for working electrode, 10-weft yarn core yarn for working electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0046] Example 1A

[0047] A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is an integrally molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, which is arranged from the inside to the outside as a working layer 1, an elastic layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3, and adjacent layers are connected by a bonding yarn 4. The other part of the area has a single-layer structure, which is only the elastic layer 2.

[0048] The working layer 1 consists of a working electrode area 5, a counter electrode area 6, a reference electrode area 7, and a non-electrode area; the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 are arranged along the latitudinal distance, and the counter electrode area 6 is arranged along the longitudinal distance with both the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7.

[0049] The warp yarns in the working electrode area 5, the warp yarns in the reference electrode area 7, and the knotting yarn 4 are all circular cross-section polyester multifilaments; the linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 144.

[0050] Both the warp and weft yarns in electrode area 6 are circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments is 200 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 144.

[0051] In the non-electrode area, both the warp and weft yarns are polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections. The linear density of the irregular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24, and the cross-section of the single filaments is cross-shaped.

[0052] The weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is a yarn containing a metal-organic framework; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the yarn containing the metal-organic framework consists of a core yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft core yarn 10) and an outer yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft outer yarn 9) spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section; the outer yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, with a winding twist of 100 twists / meter, and the conductive metal-organic framework undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with vitamin C; the linear density of the polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section of the core yarn and the outer yarn is 150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross section is 24, and the cross section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0053] The weft yarn in the reference electrode region 7 is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The silver-plated nylon multifilament is a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a linear density of 200 denier and 144 single filaments in the cross-section.

[0054] The warp and weft yarns of elastic layer 2 are both nylon / spandex wrapped yarns. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer wrapping yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 75 denier, and the outer wrapping yarn is spandex with a linear density of 150 denier. The winding twist is 250 / m.

[0055] The warp and weft yarns of the hydrophobic layer 3 are both circular cross-section polyester multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72.

[0056] The warp tension of the working layer 1 is 70%, and the weft tension is 70%; the warp tension of the elastic layer 2 is 60%, and the weft tension is 60%; the warp tension of the hydrophobic layer 3 is 80%, and the weft tension is 60%; the distance between the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the weft direction is 0.5mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area 6 and the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the warp direction is 1mm;

[0057] The hydrophobic layer 3 has a plain weave, the elastic layer 2 has a tubular weave, and the working layer 1 has a satin weave.

[0058] One end of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is electrically connected to the first conductive yarn 81, which connects the working electrode area 5 to the external data processor; one end of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6 is electrically connected to the second conductive yarn 82, which connects the counter electrode area 6 to the external data processor; one end of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7 is electrically connected to the third conductive yarn 83, which connects the reference electrode area 7 to the external data processor; the first conductive yarn 81 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5, the second conductive yarn 82 is a reserved section of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6, and the third conductive yarn 83 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7.

[0059] In Example 1A, the irregularly shaped polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework and the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride need to be prepared in-house. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0060] (1) Prepare raw materials;

[0061] 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenyl;

[0062] Ni(OAc)2·4H2O;

[0063] Deionized water;

[0064] Ethanol;

[0065] Inert gas: Nitrogen;

[0066] Perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution: Manufacturer: DuPont, Brand: Nafion D520, Perfluorosulfonic acid resin mass fraction: 5%;

[0067] Irregular cross-section polyester multifilament: linear density is 150 denier, cross-section has 24 single filaments, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0068] Silver: The average particle size is 0.8 μm;

[0069] Silver chloride: average particle size is 0.5 μm;

[0070] Circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament: linear density of 200 denier, number of single filaments in cross-section of 144;

[0071] (2) Preparation of polyester multifilaments with irregular cross sections coated with conductive metal-organic framework;

[0072] (2.1) 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O were dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:40. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture was reacted under heating conditions at a reaction temperature of 80℃ and a reaction time of 20min to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder.

[0073] (2.2) The conductive metal-organic framework powder was sequentially washed, solvent exchanged, and activated;

[0074] The specific washing process is as follows: wash twice with deionized water and ethanol alternately to remove unreacted ligands and metal salts;

[0075] The specific process of solvent exchange is as follows: the solvent is exchanged by immersion in ethanol for 12 hours, during which the ethanol is replaced twice.

[0076] The specific activation process is as follows: heating at 80℃ under inert gas for 2 hours;

[0077] (2.3) Disperse the conductive metal-organic framework powder in a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution to obtain a dispersion with a mass fraction of 2% conductive metal-organic framework, and impregnate the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament in it at a temperature of 40°C for 15 min. Take out the impregnated irregular cross-section polyester multifilament and dry it to obtain the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament coated with conductive metal-organic framework.

[0078] (3) Preparation of silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride;

[0079] A mixed slurry is formed by perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver, and silver chloride. The total weight of the three components accounts for 30% of the weight of the mixed slurry, and the weight ratio of silver to silver chloride is 60:40. The mixed slurry is drop-coated onto a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a drop amount of 0.05 mL / m yarn. The yarn is then dried at 50°C for 4 hours to obtain silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

[0080] Example 1B

[0081] The method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to Example 1A is as follows: according to the yarn requirements of each layer and the bonding yarn in Example 1A, the process of "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer" is carried out in a cyclical manner. During this process, the bonding yarn is controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, the elastic layer and the hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding of each layer. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring.

[0082] When weaving each layer in a single cycle, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the target interlacing area. When weaving the hydrophobic layer and the elastic layer in a single cycle, n=1. When weaving the working layer in a single cycle, if the target interlacing area is entirely a non-electrode area, then n=1; otherwise, n>1. The weft-weft interlacing process is used for manufacturing.

[0083] The single-cycle weaving process for each layer can refer to existing technologies. For example, the single-cycle weaving process for the hydrophobic layer is as follows: Shedding preparation (the hydrophobic layer warp yarns are divided into upper and lower layers in a 1:1 ratio through the shedding mechanism, and only half of the hydrophobic layer warp yarns in the target interlacing area are raised to form a shed) → Weft introduction (a shuttle is used to introduce a single hydrophobic layer weft yarn into the shed) → Weft insertion and warp yarn return (the reed swings forward, pushing the introduced weft yarns towards the weaving point, forming an interlacing point with the raised hydrophobic layer warp yarns. The shedding mechanism releases the lifting force, causing the interlaced hydrophobic layer warp yarns to fall back to their original positions, and together with the unraised hydrophobic layer warp yarns, fix the weft yarns, completing a single interlacing cycle).

[0084] Monitoring Experiment 1

[0085] The tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 1A was used to monitor the vitamin C content of sweat produced by healthy adults after exercise. The operation method involved wearing the tubular woven fabric sensor on the skin surface of the forehead and running on a treadmill at 75% of maximum heart rate. Sweat naturally seeped into the fabric of the tubular woven fabric sensor. The current value between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area was collected. The vitamin C content of the sweat was quantitatively analyzed using this current value and a standard curve of vitamin C content, achieving real-time monitoring of the vitamin C content in sweat. After 30 minutes of exercise, the vitamin C content of the sweat was 2.58 mg / L.

[0086] The standard curve was established as follows: standard solutions with vitamin C contents of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg / L were prepared using artificial sweat as a matrix; the standard solutions with different vitamin C contents were infiltrated into the working electrode area of ​​the tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 1A, and the current value between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area was recorded for each vitamin C content; a scatter plot was plotted with vitamin C content as the abscissa and current value as the ordinate, and the response relationship was analyzed by regression fitting using the Langmuir model, and a standard curve was established accordingly.

[0087] Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 1A, the sweat of individuals exercising in the same way and for the same duration was monitored using existing monitoring methods. The vitamin C content of the sweat was 2.63 mg / L.

[0088] The existing monitoring method is as follows: Referring to the national standard GB 5009.86-2016 "Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Food", high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used to detect vitamin C. During the detection process, phosphoric acid solution is used as the extraction solvent. After sample pretreatment, the sample is centrifuged and filtered, separated using a reversed-phase chromatographic column, and detected at a wavelength of 245 nm under ultraviolet detection conditions. The vitamin C content is quantitatively analyzed using the external standard method.

[0089] Comparing the two monitoring results, the data are basically consistent, indicating that the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring provided in Example 1A have high accuracy.

[0090] Example 2A

[0091] A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is an integrally molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, which is arranged from the inside to the outside as a working layer 1, an elastic layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3, and adjacent layers are connected by a bonding yarn 4. The other part of the area has a single-layer structure, which is only the elastic layer 2.

[0092] The working layer 1 consists of a working electrode area 5, a counter electrode area 6, a reference electrode area 7, and a non-electrode area; the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 are arranged along the latitudinal distance, and the counter electrode area 6 is arranged along the longitudinal distance with both the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7.

[0093] The warp yarns in the working electrode area 5, the warp yarns in the reference electrode area 7, and the knotting yarn 4 are all circular cross-section polyester multifilaments; the linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 120 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72.

[0094] Both the warp and weft yarns in electrode area 6 are circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments is 144 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72.

[0095] In the non-electrode area, both the warp and weft yarns are polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections; the linear density of the polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections is 120 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 30, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped.

[0096] The weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is a yarn containing a metal-organic framework; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the yarn containing the metal-organic framework consists of a core yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft core yarn 10) and an outer yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft outer yarn 9) spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section; the outer yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, with a winding twist of 1150 twists / meter, and the conductive metal-organic framework undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with vitamin C; the linear density of the polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section of the core yarn and the outer yarn is 120 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross section is 30, and the cross section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0097] The weft yarn in the reference electrode region 7 is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The silver-plated nylon multifilament is a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a linear density of 144 denier and 72 single filaments in the cross-section.

[0098] The warp and weft yarns of elastic layer 2 are both nylon / spandex wrapped yarns. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer wrapping yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 50 denier, and the outer wrapping yarn is spandex with a linear density of 100 denier. The winding twist is 300 / m.

[0099] The warp and weft yarns of the hydrophobic layer 3 are both circular cross-section nylon fiber multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section nylon fiber multifilaments is 150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72.

[0100] The warp tension of the working layer 1 is 60%, and the weft tension is 60%; the warp tension of the elastic layer 2 is 55%, and the weft tension is 55%; the warp tension of the hydrophobic layer 3 is 75%, and the weft tension is 65%; the distance between the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the weft direction is 1mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area 6 and the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the warp direction is 1.8mm;

[0101] The hydrophobic layer 3 has a plain weave, the elastic layer 2 has a tubular weave, and the working layer 1 has a satin weave.

[0102] One end of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is electrically connected to the first conductive yarn 81, which connects the working electrode area 5 to the external data processor; one end of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6 is electrically connected to the second conductive yarn 82, which connects the counter electrode area 6 to the external data processor; one end of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7 is electrically connected to the third conductive yarn 83, which connects the reference electrode area 7 to the external data processor; the first conductive yarn 81 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5, the second conductive yarn 82 is a reserved section of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6, and the third conductive yarn 83 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7.

[0103] In Example 1A, the irregularly shaped polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework and the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride need to be prepared in-house. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0104] (1) Prepare raw materials;

[0105] 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenyl;

[0106] Ni(OAc)2·4H2O;

[0107] Deionized water;

[0108] Ethanol;

[0109] Inert gas: Nitrogen;

[0110] Perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution: Manufacturer: DuPont, Brand: Nafion D520, Perfluorosulfonic acid resin mass fraction: 5%;

[0111] Irregular cross-section polyester multifilament: linear density is 120 denier, cross-section has 30 single filaments, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0112] Silver: The average particle size is 0.8 μm;

[0113] Silver chloride: average particle size is 0.5 μm;

[0114] Circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament: linear density is 144 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72.

[0115] (2) Preparation of polyester multifilaments with irregular cross sections coated with conductive metal-organic framework;

[0116] (2.1) 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O were dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:30. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture was reacted under heating conditions at a reaction temperature of 80℃ and a reaction time of 35min to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder.

[0117] (2.2) The conductive metal-organic framework powder was sequentially washed, solvent exchanged, and activated;

[0118] The specific washing process is as follows: wash three times alternately with deionized water and ethanol to remove unreacted ligands and metal salts;

[0119] The specific process of solvent exchange is as follows: the solvent is exchanged by immersion in ethanol for 24 hours, during which the ethanol is replaced twice.

[0120] The specific activation process is as follows: heating at 100℃ under inert gas for 5 hours;

[0121] (2.3) The conductive metal-organic framework powder is dispersed in a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution to obtain a dispersion with a mass fraction of 3.5% of the conductive metal-organic framework. The irregular cross-section polyester multifilament is then impregnated in the solution at a temperature of 45°C for 20 min. The impregnated irregular cross-section polyester multifilament is then removed and dried to obtain an irregular cross-section polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework.

[0122] (3) Preparation of silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride;

[0123] A mixed slurry is formed by combining perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver, and silver chloride. The total weight of the three components accounts for 30% of the weight of the mixed slurry, and the weight ratio of silver to silver chloride is 60:40. The mixed slurry is then drop-coated onto a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament at a rate of 0.15 mL / m of yarn. The yarn is then dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

[0124] Example 2B

[0125] The method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to Example 2A is as follows: according to the yarn requirements of each layer and the bonding yarn in Example 2A, the process of "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer" is carried out in a cyclical manner. During this process, the bonding yarn is controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, the elastic layer and the hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding of each layer. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring.

[0126] When weaving each layer in a single cycle, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the target interlacing area. When weaving the hydrophobic layer and the elastic layer in a single cycle, n=1. When weaving the working layer in a single cycle, if the target interlacing area is entirely a non-electrode area, then n=1; otherwise, n>1. The weft-weft interlacing process is used for manufacturing.

[0127] The single-cycle weaving process for each layer can refer to existing technologies. For example, the single-cycle weaving process for the hydrophobic layer is as follows: Shedding preparation (the hydrophobic layer warp yarns are divided into upper and lower layers in a 1:1 ratio through the shedding mechanism, and only half of the hydrophobic layer warp yarns in the target interlacing area are raised to form a shed) → Weft introduction (a shuttle is used to introduce a single hydrophobic layer weft yarn into the shed) → Weft insertion and warp yarn return (the reed swings forward, pushing the introduced weft yarns towards the weaving point, forming an interlacing point with the raised hydrophobic layer warp yarns. The shedding mechanism releases the lifting force, causing the interlaced hydrophobic layer warp yarns to fall back to their original positions, and together with the unraised hydrophobic layer warp yarns, fix the weft yarns, completing a single interlacing cycle).

[0128] Monitoring Experiment 2

[0129] The tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 2A was used to monitor the vitamin C content in sweat produced by healthy adults after exercise. The procedure involved wearing the sensor on the skin of the forehead and running on a treadmill at 75% of maximum heart rate. Sweat naturally seeped into the fabric of the sensor. The current value between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area was collected. The vitamin C content in the sweat was quantitatively analyzed using a standard curve based on this current value and the vitamin C content. The standard curve was established in the same manner as in monitoring experiment 1, enabling real-time monitoring of the vitamin C content in sweat. After 30 minutes of exercise, the vitamin C content in the sweat was 4.02 mg / L.

[0130] Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 2A, the sweat of the same individuals, the same exercise mode, and the same exercise time was monitored using the existing monitoring method (the existing monitoring method is the same as that in monitoring experiment 1). The vitamin C content of the sweat was 4.10 mg / L.

[0131] Comparing the two monitoring results, the data are basically consistent, indicating that the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring provided in Example 2A have high accuracy.

[0132] Example 3A

[0133] A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is an integrally molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, which is arranged from the inside to the outside as a working layer 1, an elastic layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3, and adjacent layers are connected by a bonding yarn 4. The other part of the area has a single-layer structure, which is only the elastic layer 2.

[0134] The working layer 1 consists of a working electrode area 5, a counter electrode area 6, a reference electrode area 7, and a non-electrode area; the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 are arranged along the latitudinal distance, and the counter electrode area 6 is arranged along the longitudinal distance with both the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7.

[0135] The warp yarns in the working electrode area 5, the warp yarns in the reference electrode area 7, and the knotting yarn 4 are all circular cross-section polyester multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 72 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 36.

[0136] Both the warp and weft yarns in electrode area 6 are circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments is 72 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 36.

[0137] In the non-electrode area, both the warp and weft yarns are polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections. The linear density of the irregular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 72 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 44, and the cross-section of the single filaments is cross-shaped.

[0138] The weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is a yarn containing a metal-organic framework; as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the yarn containing the metal-organic framework consists of a core yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft core yarn 10) and an outer yarn (i.e., the working electrode weft outer yarn 9) spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section; the outer yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, with a winding twist of 1300 twists / meter, and the conductive metal-organic framework undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with vitamin C; the linear density of the polyester multifilament with an irregular cross section of the core yarn and the outer yarn is 72 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross section is 44, and the cross section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0139] The weft yarn in the reference electrode region 7 is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The silver-plated nylon multifilament is a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a linear density of 72 denier and 36 single filaments in the cross-section.

[0140] The warp and weft yarns of elastic layer 2 are both nylon / spandex wrapped yarns. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer wrapping yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 40 denier, and the outer wrapping yarn is spandex with a linear density of 70 denier. The winding twist is 350 / m.

[0141] The warp and weft yarns of the hydrophobic layer 3 are both circular cross-section polyester multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 72 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 36.

[0142] The warp tension of the working layer 1 is 55%, and the weft tension is 55%; the warp tension of the elastic layer 2 is 45%, and the weft tension is 45%; the warp tension of the hydrophobic layer 3 is 65%, and the weft tension is 75%; the distance between the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the weft direction is 1.5mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area 6 and the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the warp direction is 2.4mm;

[0143] The hydrophobic layer 3 has a plain weave, the elastic layer 2 has a tubular weave, and the working layer 1 has a satin weave.

[0144] One end of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is electrically connected to the first conductive yarn 81, which connects the working electrode area 5 to the external data processing device; one end of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6 is electrically connected to the second conductive yarn 82, which connects the counter electrode area 6 to the external data processing device; one end of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7 is electrically connected to the third conductive yarn 83, which connects the reference electrode area 7 to the external data processing device.

[0145] In Example 1A, the irregularly shaped polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework and the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride need to be prepared in-house. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0146] (1) Prepare raw materials;

[0147] 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenyl;

[0148] Ni(OAc)2·4H2O;

[0149] Deionized water;

[0150] Ethanol;

[0151] Inert gas: Nitrogen;

[0152] Perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution: Manufacturer: DuPont, Brand: Nafion D520, Perfluorosulfonic acid resin mass fraction: 5%;

[0153] Irregular cross-section polyester multifilament: linear density is 72 denier, cross-section has 44 single filaments, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped;

[0154] Silver: The average particle size is 0.8 μm;

[0155] Silver chloride: average particle size is 0.5 μm;

[0156] Circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament: linear density of 72 denier, number of single filaments in cross-section of 36;

[0157] (2) Preparation of polyester multifilaments with irregular cross sections coated with conductive metal-organic framework;

[0158] (2.1) 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O were dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:25. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture was reacted under heating conditions at a reaction temperature of 90℃ and a reaction time of 50min to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder.

[0159] (2.2) The conductive metal-organic framework powder was sequentially washed, solvent exchanged, and activated;

[0160] The specific washing process is as follows: wash four times with deionized water and ethanol alternately to remove unreacted ligands and metal salts;

[0161] The specific process of solvent exchange is as follows: the solvent is exchanged by immersion in ethanol for 36 hours, during which the ethanol is replaced twice.

[0162] The specific activation process is as follows: heating at 120℃ under inert gas for 8 hours;

[0163] (2.3) Disperse the conductive metal-organic framework powder in a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution to obtain a dispersion with a mass fraction of 4% conductive metal-organic framework, and impregnate the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament in it at a temperature of 50°C for 25 min. Take out the impregnated irregular cross-section polyester multifilament and dry it to obtain the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament coated with conductive metal-organic framework.

[0164] (3) Preparation of silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride;

[0165] A mixed slurry is formed by perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver, and silver chloride. The total weight of the three components accounts for 30% of the weight of the mixed slurry, and the weight ratio of silver to silver chloride is 60:40. The mixed slurry is drop-coated onto a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a drop amount of 0.35 mL / m of yarn. The yarn is then dried at 70°C for 9 hours to obtain silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

[0166] Example 3B

[0167] The method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to Example 3A is as follows: according to the yarn requirements of each layer and the bonding yarn in Example 3A, the process of "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer" is carried out in a cyclical manner. During this process, the bonding yarn is controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, the elastic layer and the hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding of each layer. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring.

[0168] When weaving each layer in a single cycle, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the target interlacing area. When weaving the hydrophobic layer and the elastic layer in a single cycle, n=1. When weaving the working layer in a single cycle, if the target interlacing area is entirely a non-electrode area, then n=1; otherwise, n>1. The weft-weft interlacing process is used for manufacturing.

[0169] The single-cycle weaving process for each layer can refer to existing technologies. For example, the single-cycle weaving process for the hydrophobic layer is as follows: Shedding preparation (the hydrophobic layer warp yarns are divided into upper and lower layers in a 1:1 ratio through the shedding mechanism, and only half of the hydrophobic layer warp yarns in the target interlacing area are raised to form a shed) → Weft introduction (a shuttle is used to introduce a single hydrophobic layer weft yarn into the shed) → Weft insertion and warp yarn return (the reed swings forward, pushing the introduced weft yarns towards the weaving point, forming an interlacing point with the raised hydrophobic layer warp yarns. The shedding mechanism releases the lifting force, causing the interlaced hydrophobic layer warp yarns to fall back to their original positions, and together with the unraised hydrophobic layer warp yarns, fix the weft yarns, completing a single interlacing cycle).

[0170] Monitoring Experiment 3

[0171] The tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 3A was used to monitor the vitamin C content of sweat produced by healthy adults after exercise. The procedure involved wearing the sensor on the skin surface of the forehead while running on a treadmill at 75% of maximum heart rate. Sweat naturally seeped into the fabric of the sensor. The current value between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area was collected. The vitamin C content of the sweat was quantitatively analyzed using a standard curve based on this current value and the vitamin C content. The standard curve was established in the same manner as in monitoring experiment 1, enabling real-time monitoring of the vitamin C content in sweat.

[0172] After 30 minutes of exercise, the vitamin C content in sweat is 3.8 mg / L.

[0173] Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 3A, the sweat of the same individuals, the same exercise mode, and the same exercise time was monitored using the existing monitoring method (the existing monitoring method is the same as that in monitoring experiment 1). The vitamin C content of the sweat was 3.72 mg / L.

[0174] Comparing the two monitoring results, the data are basically consistent, indicating that the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring provided in Example 3A have high accuracy.

[0175] Example 4A

[0176] A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is an integrally molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, which is arranged from the inside to the outside as a working layer 1, an elastic layer 2 and a hydrophobic layer 3, and adjacent layers are connected by a bonding yarn 4. The other part of the area has a single-layer structure, which is only the elastic layer 2.

[0177] The working layer 1 consists of a working electrode area 5, a counter electrode area 6, a reference electrode area 7, and a non-electrode area; the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 are arranged along the latitudinal distance, and the counter electrode area 6 is arranged along the longitudinal distance with both the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7.

[0178] The warp yarns in the working electrode area 5, the warp yarns in the reference electrode area 7, and the knotting yarn 4 are all circular cross-section polyester multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 30 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24.

[0179] Both the warp and weft yarns in electrode area 6 are circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments is 40 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24.

[0180] In the non-electrode area, both the warp and weft yarns are polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections. The linear density of the irregular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 30 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72, and the cross-section of the single filaments is Y-shaped.

[0181] The weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is a yarn containing a metal-organic framework; as shown in Figure 3, the yarn containing the metal-organic framework consists of a core yarn and an outer yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross-section; the outer yarn is a polyester multifilament with an irregular cross-section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, with a winding twist of 1500 twists / meter, and the conductive metal-organic framework undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with vitamin C; the linear density of the polyester multifilament with an irregular cross-section of the core yarn and the outer yarn is 30 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 72, and the cross-section of the single filament is Y-shaped;

[0182] The weft yarn in the reference electrode region 7 is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The silver-plated nylon multifilament is a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament with a linear density of 40 denier and 24 single filaments in the cross-section.

[0183] The warp and weft yarns of elastic layer 2 are both nylon / spandex wrapped yarns. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer wrapping yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 30 denier, and the outer wrapping yarn is spandex with a linear density of 50 denier. The winding twist is 450 / m.

[0184] The warp and weft yarns of the hydrophobic layer 3 are both circular cross-section nylon fiber multifilaments. The linear density of the circular cross-section nylon fiber multifilaments is 30 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24.

[0185] The warp tension of the working layer 1 is 50%, and the weft tension is 50%; the warp tension of the elastic layer 2 is 40%, and the weft tension is 40%; the warp tension of the hydrophobic layer 3 is 60%, and the weft tension is 80%; the distance between the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the weft direction is 2mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area 6 and the working electrode area 5 and the reference electrode area 7 along the warp direction is 3mm;

[0186] The hydrophobic layer 3 has a plain weave, the elastic layer 2 has a tubular weave, and the working layer 1 has a satin weave.

[0187] One end of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5 is electrically connected to the first conductive yarn 81, which connects the working electrode area 5 to the external data processor; one end of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6 is electrically connected to the second conductive yarn 82, which connects the counter electrode area 6 to the external data processor; one end of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7 is electrically connected to the third conductive yarn 83, which connects the reference electrode area 7 to the external data processor; the first conductive yarn 81 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the working electrode area 5, the second conductive yarn 82 is a reserved section of the warp yarn in the counter electrode area 6, and the third conductive yarn 83 is a reserved section of the weft yarn in the reference electrode area 7.

[0188] In Example 1A, the irregularly shaped polyester multifilament coated with a conductive metal-organic framework and the silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride need to be prepared in-house. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0189] (1) Prepare raw materials;

[0190] 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenyl;

[0191] Ni(OAc)2·4H2O;

[0192] Deionized water;

[0193] Ethanol;

[0194] Inert gas: Argon;

[0195] Perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution: Manufacturer: DuPont, Brand: Nafion D1020, Perfluorosulfonic acid resin mass fraction: 10%;

[0196] Irregular cross-section polyester multifilament: linear density is 30 denier, cross-section has 72 single filaments, and the single filament cross-section is Y-shaped;

[0197] Silver: The average particle size is 0.8 μm;

[0198] Silver chloride: average particle size is 0.5 μm;

[0199] Circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament: linear density of 40 denier, number of single filaments in cross-section of 24;

[0200] (2) Preparation of polyester multifilaments with irregular cross sections coated with conductive metal-organic framework;

[0201] (2.1) 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O were dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:20. After ultrasonic treatment, the mixture was reacted under heating conditions at a reaction temperature of 100℃ and a reaction time of 60 min to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder.

[0202] (2.2) The conductive metal-organic framework powder was sequentially washed, solvent exchanged, and activated;

[0203] The specific washing process is as follows: wash five times with deionized water and ethanol alternately to remove unreacted ligands and metal salts;

[0204] The specific process of solvent exchange is as follows: the solvent is exchanged by immersion in ethanol for 48 hours, during which the ethanol is replaced twice.

[0205] The specific activation process is as follows: heating at 150℃ under inert gas for 12 hours;

[0206] (2.3) Disperse the conductive metal-organic framework powder in a perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution to obtain a dispersion with a mass fraction of 4% conductive metal-organic framework, and impregnate the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament in it at a temperature of 60°C for 30 min. Take out the impregnated irregular cross-section polyester multifilament and dry it to obtain the irregular cross-section polyester multifilament coated with conductive metal-organic framework.

[0207] (3) Preparation of silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride;

[0208] A mixed slurry is formed by perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver, and silver chloride. The total weight of the three components accounts for 30% of the weight of the mixed slurry, and the weight ratio of silver to silver chloride is 60:40. The mixed slurry is then drip-coated onto a circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilament at a rate of 0.5 mL / m of yarn. The yarn is then dried at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

[0209] Example 4B

[0210] The method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to Example 4A is as follows: according to the yarn requirements of each layer and the bonding yarn in Example 4A, the process of "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer" is carried out in a cyclical manner. During this process, the bonding yarn is controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, the elastic layer and the hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding of each layer. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring.

[0211] When weaving each layer in a single cycle, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the target interlacing area. When weaving the hydrophobic layer and the elastic layer in a single cycle, n=1. When weaving the working layer in a single cycle, if the target interlacing area is entirely a non-electrode area, then n=1; otherwise, n>1. The weft-weft interlacing process is used for manufacturing.

[0212] The single-cycle weaving process for each layer can refer to existing technologies. For example, the single-cycle weaving process for the hydrophobic layer is as follows: Shedding preparation (the hydrophobic layer warp yarns are divided into upper and lower layers in a 1:1 ratio through the shedding mechanism, and only half of the hydrophobic layer warp yarns in the target interlacing area are raised to form a shed) → Weft introduction (a shuttle is used to introduce a single hydrophobic layer weft yarn into the shed) → Weft insertion and warp yarn return (the reed swings forward, pushing the introduced weft yarns towards the weaving point, forming an interlacing point with the raised hydrophobic layer warp yarns. The shedding mechanism releases the lifting force, causing the interlaced hydrophobic layer warp yarns to fall back to their original positions, and together with the unraised hydrophobic layer warp yarns, fix the weft yarns, completing a single interlacing cycle).

[0213] Monitoring Experiment 4

[0214] The tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 4A was used to monitor the vitamin C content in sweat produced by healthy adults after exercise. The procedure involved wearing the sensor on the skin of the forehead and running on a treadmill at 75% of maximum heart rate. Sweat naturally seeped into the fabric of the sensor. The current value between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area was collected. The vitamin C content in the sweat was quantitatively analyzed using a standard curve based on this current value and the vitamin C content. The standard curve was established in the same manner as in monitoring experiment 1, enabling real-time monitoring of the vitamin C content in sweat. After 30 minutes of exercise, the vitamin C content in the sweat was 1.18 mg / L.

[0215] Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor provided in Example 4A, the sweat of the same individuals, with the same exercise mode and the same exercise time was monitored using the existing monitoring method (the existing monitoring method is the same as that in monitoring experiment 1). The vitamin C content of the sweat was 1.21 mg / L.

[0216] Comparing the two monitoring results, the data are basically consistent, indicating that the monitoring results of the tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring provided in Example 4A have high accuracy.

Claims

1. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring, characterized in that, It is a one-piece molded fabric. One part of the area has a three-layer composite structure, including a working layer, an elastic layer, and a hydrophobic layer arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, with adjacent layers connected by bonding yarns. Another part of the area has a single-layer structure, consisting only of an elastic layer. The working layer consists of a working electrode area, a counter electrode area, a reference electrode area, and a non-electrode area. At least some yarns in the working electrode area contain substances that can undergo redox reactions with vitamin C. At least some yarns in the working electrode area, counter electrode area, and reference electrode area are conductive yarns. The working electrode area and the reference electrode area are arranged along the weft direction, and the counter electrode area is arranged along the warp direction with both the working electrode area and the reference electrode area; the weft yarn in the working electrode area is a yarn containing a metal-organic framework, which consists of a core yarn and an outer yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is a polyester multifilament with a profiled cross section; the outer yarn is a polyester multifilament with a profiled cross section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework, and the twist is 1000-1500 twists / meter; the linear density of the polyester multifilament with a profiled cross section is 30-150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross section is 24-72, and the cross section of the single filament is cross-shaped; the preparation steps of the polyester multifilament with a profiled cross section coated with a conductive metal-organic framework are as follows: (a) 2,3,6,7 (a) 1,11-hexahydroxytriphenyl and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O are dispersed in deionized water at a molar ratio of 1:20-40, and reacted under heating conditions after ultrasonic treatment to obtain conductive metal-organic framework powder; (b) The conductive metal-organic framework powder is washed, solvent exchanged and activated in sequence; (c) The conductive metal-organic framework powder is dispersed in perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution to obtain a dispersion, and a polyester multifilament with a shaped cross section is impregnated in it. The linear density of the polyester multifilament with a shaped cross section is 30-150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross section is 24-72, and the cross section of the single filament is cross-shaped. The impregnated polyester multifilament with a shaped cross section is taken out and dried to obtain polyester multifilament with a shaped cross section coated with conductive metal-organic framework.

2. The tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warp yarns in the working electrode area, the warp yarns in the reference electrode area, and the knotting yarns are all circular cross-section polyester multifilaments; the linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilaments is 30-150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-144.

3. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the warp and weft yarns in the electrode area are circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments; the linear density of the circular cross-section silver-plated nylon multifilaments is 40-200 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-144.

4. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the non-electrode area, both the warp and weft yarns are polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections; the linear density of the polyester multifilaments with irregular cross-sections is 30-150 denier, the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-72, and the cross-section of the single filament is cross-shaped.

5. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weft yarn in the reference electrode region is silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride. The preparation process of silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride is as follows: a mixture of perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution, silver and silver chloride is drop-coated onto the silver-plated nylon multifilament. The linear density of the silver-plated nylon multifilament is 40-200 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross section is 24-72. It is dried in an environment of 50-80℃ for 4-12 hours to obtain silver-plated nylon multifilament coated with silver and silver chloride.

6. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warp and weft yarns of the elastic layer are both nylon / spandex wrapped yarns. The nylon / spandex wrapped yarn consists of a core yarn and an outer wrapping yarn spirally wound on the surface of the core yarn. The core yarn is nylon with a linear density of 30-75 denier, and the outer wrapping yarn is spandex with a linear density of 50-150 denier. The winding twist is 250-450 / m.

7. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warp and weft yarns of the hydrophobic layer are both circular cross-section polyester multifilament or circular cross-section nylon multifilament; the linear density of the circular cross-section polyester multifilament or circular cross-section nylon multifilament is 30-150 denier, and the number of single filaments in the cross-section is 24-72.

8. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warp tension of the working layer is 50%-70%, and the weft tension is 50%-70%; the warp tension of the elastic layer is 40%-60%, and the weft tension is 40%-60%; the warp tension of the hydrophobic layer is 60%-80%, and the weft tension is 60%-80%; the distance between the working electrode area and the reference electrode area along the weft direction is 0.5-2mm, and the distance between the counter electrode area and the working electrode area or the reference electrode area along the warp direction is 1-3mm.

9. A tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic layer has a plain weave, the elastic layer has a tubular weave, and the working layer has a satin weave.

10. A method for preparing a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The process involves a cycle of "single-cycle weaving of the hydrophobic layer → single-cycle weaving of the elastic layer → single-cycle weaving of the working layer," during which the bonding yarns are controlled to penetrate the areas of the working layer, elastic layer, and hydrophobic layer to achieve bonding between each layer. After weaving is completed, all warp yarns are cut to obtain a tubular woven fabric sensor for sweat monitoring. During the single-cycle weaving of each layer, n weft insertions are performed, where n is the total number of weft yarns required to be embedded in the weft weave cycle of the same target interlacing area.

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