Method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield in rape harvesting process
By spraying anti-shattering agents and optimizing harvesting parameters during rapeseed harvesting, the problem of pod cracking during rapeseed harvesting was solved, resulting in increased rapeseed yield and yield stability, and improving the economic benefits for growers.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
During rapeseed harvesting, the pods are prone to cracking, causing the seeds to fall out. Existing technologies lack effective measures to prevent pod cracking, resulting in yield loss. Furthermore, traditional harvesting methods make it difficult to accurately control the optimal harvesting time.
The method of applying anti-shedding agent and optimizing harvesting parameters includes spraying anti-shedding agent during the waxy ripening stage of rapeseed and spraying it evenly by drone. The anti-shedding agent is prepared by combining microwave-ultrasound co-processing. The speed and height of the harvester's reel, threshing drum and cleaning screen are adjusted to ensure that rapeseed is harvested efficiently within the optimal harvest period.
It significantly improved the yield stability and economic benefits of rapeseed, with a noticeable increase in yield, good seed quality, reduced pod cracking, and increased farmers' income.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of rapeseed harvesting methods, specifically to a method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting. Background Technology
[0002] As an important oilseed crop, rapeseed often faces the problem of pods easily losing water and shrinking after ripening, increasing internal pressure, and cracking, causing the seeds to fall out, resulting in serious yield losses and affecting the income of growers.
[0003] Currently, most traditional rapeseed harvesting methods lack effective comprehensive measures to prevent pod cracking. Some growers rely solely on experience to select harvest time, making it difficult to accurately control the timing and easily missing the optimal harvest opportunity, leading to frequent pod cracking. Furthermore, the use of harvesting machinery often employs general parameter settings without fully considering the specific needs of rapeseed in preventing pod cracking and reducing losses.
[0004] In addition, some existing single-stage methods for preventing pod cracking, such as secondary harvesting, increase costs and are not very effective, failing to systematically and effectively solve the problem of reducing pod cracking losses during rapeseed harvesting.
[0005] Based on this, the present invention designs a method to prevent pod cracking and increase yield during rapeseed harvesting in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method to prevent pod cracking and increase yield during rapeseed harvesting.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting includes the following steps: I. Preparation of anti-granulation agent: Weigh the following raw materials: polyvinyl alcohol, pine oil, emulsifier, silicone surfactant, xanthan gum, rosemary extract and deionized water; A polyvinyl alcohol solution was prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water. Mix the pine oil and emulsifier evenly to obtain a mixture of pine oil and emulsifier; The polyvinyl alcohol solution was mixed with the mixture to obtain a milky white mixture. Rosemary extract was added to the mixture, followed by microwave-ultrasound co-treatment to obtain a mixed emulsion. After adding xanthan gum and organosilicon surfactant to the mixed emulsion and mixing well, the pH is adjusted. Once the pH adjustment is complete, the anti-particle-shedding agent can be obtained. II. Environmental control during the later stages of growth: From 10 to 15 days before rapeseed enters the pod ripening stage until harvest, maintain the relative soil moisture content within the range of 40%-60% and keep it stable through irrigation or drainage measures. 3. Apply anti-shedding agent: After more than 80% of the rapeseed in the field has entered the waxy ripening stage, spray the anti-drop agent. The dosage of the anti-drop agent is 67ml-100ml per mu. When using drones for aerial spraying, dilute with 5-8L of water and spray evenly on the whole rapeseed plant. IV. Harvesting mature rapeseed: Between the yellow ripening stage and the full ripening stage, more than 90% of the rapeseed pods in the field turn yellow and brown, the grain moisture content drops to below 25%, and the main branches contract upwards. The next 3-5 days are the most suitable harvest period. Use a rapeseed combine harvester for direct harvesting. The harvesting requirements are to adjust the speed of the harvester's reel to 18-32 rpm and the speed of the threshing drum to 400-500 rpm.
[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps for weighing the raw materials in step one are as follows: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 3.00-5.00% polyvinyl alcohol, 4.00-6.00% pine oil, 1.20-2.00% emulsifier, 0.20-0.50% surfactant, 0.10-0.30% xanthan gum, 0.05-0.15% rosemary extract, with the balance being deionized water; The emulsifier is Tween-80, and the surfactant is an alkyl glycoside.
[0009] Furthermore, the specific preparation process of the polyvinyl alcohol solution in step one is as follows: Add deionized water to the reaction vessel and start stirring at 150-200 rpm. Add PVA powder during stirring and continue stirring for 10-15 minutes. Then raise the temperature to 90±5℃, adjust the stirring speed to 200-300 rpm, and stir for 2-3 hours until the solution becomes completely transparent to obtain a PVA solution.
[0010] Furthermore, the specific preparation process of the mixture in step one is as follows: Add the mixture of pine oil and emulsifier to the PVA solution while stirring at 500-600 rpm. After all the pine oil and emulsifier mixture has been added, perform high-speed shearing on the mixture at 8000-10000 rpm for 15-20 minutes. At this point, the mixture will be a uniform milky white color.
[0011] Furthermore, the specific preparation process of the mixed emulsion in step one is as follows: Rosemary extract was added to the mixture, and then the mixture with rosemary extract was subjected to microwave-ultrasound co-treatment. The microwave treatment was performed in pulse mode to prevent local overheating. The power of the microwave treatment was 300-500W, the power of the ultrasonic treatment was 600-800W, and the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment was 20-25kHz. The temperature was controlled at 60-70℃ during the co-treatment, and the treatment time was 5-10 minutes. After the treatment, a mixed emulsion was obtained.
[0012] Furthermore, the process of adding the additives and adjusting the pH in step one is as follows: Cool the mixed emulsion to 25-30℃, stir the mixed emulsion at 600-800 rpm, and add xanthan gum and organosilicon surfactant in sequence while stirring. After adding organosilicon surfactant, continue stirring for 20-30 minutes to ensure complete hydration. After stirring, slowly adjust the pH of the system to a weakly acidic range of 5.5-6.5 with citric acid solution and sodium hydroxide. After pH adjustment, the anti-granulation agent is obtained.
[0013] Furthermore, the specific parameters for step three are as follows: When spraying pesticides with drones, the temperature should be between 10℃ and 30℃, the wind force should be ≤3, the drone should be 3-5 meters above the crop canopy, and the flight speed should be 4-6 meters / second.
[0014] Furthermore, in step four, the height of the harvester's header is set to 10-30 centimeters.
[0015] Furthermore, in step four, the harvesting speed of the rapeseed using a combine harvester is controlled at 1.5-2.5 km / h.
[0016] Furthermore, in step four, the angle of the harvester's cleaning screen is set to 3° to 12°.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By spraying an anti-drop agent at a specific time, an additional protective layer is added to the rapeseed, directly enhancing its crack resistance and improving the stability of yield; 2. During the preparation of the anti-drop agent, the combination of rosemary extract and pine oil emulsion, along with the synergistic effect of microwave-ultrasound co-treatment, further improved the crack resistance of the anti-drop agent and enhanced its protective ability for rapeseed pods. 3. By optimizing harvesting parameters, yield loss was reduced and the economic benefits of rapeseed cultivation were improved. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] Example 1: A method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting was implemented in rapeseed fields in Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. The method specifically includes the following steps: I. Preparation of anti-granulation agent: 1. Weigh the raw materials: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 3.00% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 6.00% pine oil, 1.20% Tween-80 emulsifier, 0.50% alkyl glycoside, 0.10% xanthan gum, 0.15% rosemary extract, and the balance is deionized water.
[0020] 2. Preparation of PVA solution: Add deionized water to reaction vessel one, start stirring at 150 rpm, slowly and evenly add PVA powder during stirring, and continue stirring for 15 minutes after adding to ensure that the PVA particles are fully dispersed and wetted to prevent clumping.
[0021] Then raise the temperature to 85°C, adjust the rotation speed to 300 rpm, and stir for 2 hours until the solution becomes completely transparent.
[0022] After stirring, cool the PVA solution to 50°C for later use.
[0023] 3. Preparation of pine cone mixed emulsion: In reaction vessel two, pine oil and Tween-80 emulsifier are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture of pine oil and emulsifier.
[0024] Adjust the rotation speed of the PVA solution in reaction vessel one to 500 rpm and slowly add the mixture.
[0025] After adding all the mixture, perform high-speed shearing at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes. At this point, the mixture will be a uniform milky white color.
[0026] Rosemary extract was added to the mixture, and then the mixture with rosemary extract was subjected to microwave-ultrasound co-treatment. The microwave treatment was performed in pulse mode to prevent local overheating. The microwave power was 300W and the frequency was 2450MHz. The ultrasonic power was 800W and the frequency was 20kHz. The temperature was controlled at 70℃ during the co-treatment and the treatment time was 5 minutes. After the treatment, a mixed emulsion was obtained.
[0027] 4. Additives and pH adjustment: Cool the mixed emulsion to 25°C and stir it at 800 rpm. While stirring, slowly add xanthan gum and alkyl glycoside surfactant in sequence. After adding alkyl glycoside surfactant, continue stirring for 20 minutes to ensure complete hydration. After stirring, slowly adjust the pH of the system to a weakly acidic range of 6.5 with citric acid solution and sodium hydroxide. This pH environment is closer to the plant surface and is conducive to the stability of the formulation.
[0028] Once the pH is adjusted, the anti-granulation agent can be obtained.
[0029] II. Environmental control during the later stages of growth: Ten days before the rapeseed enters the pod ripening stage and before harvest, the relative soil moisture content is maintained at about 60% through irrigation and drainage measures, depending on the soil moisture conditions. 3. Apply anti-shedding agent: When about 80% of the rapeseed pods have a white film layer during the waxy ripening stage, spray an anti-drop agent. The dosage of the anti-drop agent is 67 ml per acre. When using drones for aerial spraying, dilute with 8 L of water.
[0030] The rapeseed field was sprayed evenly. When the drone was spraying the pesticide, the temperature was 10℃, the wind force was level 3, the drone was 3 meters above the crop canopy, the flight speed was 6 meters / second, and medium and fine droplets (100 micrometers in diameter) were selected.
[0031] IV. Harvesting mature rapeseed: Rapeseed harvesting parameters requirements: (1) Harvesting time: The harvest period should be between the yellow ripening stage and the full ripening stage. The criteria for judgment are that more than 90% of the rapeseed pods in the field turn yellow and brown, the moisture content of the grains decreases to below 25%, and the main branches contract upwards. The next 3-5 days are the most suitable harvest period.
[0032] Choose any type of rapeseed combine harvester for direct rapeseed harvesting.
[0033] (2) Height of the cutting table: The header height refers to the height of the harvester's header above the ground when cutting crops. Its main function is to ensure smooth cutting and control the amount of crop entering the harvester. Theoretically, reducing the header height can yield more harvest, but if the header height is too low, it will bring in a large amount of soil, stones, weeds, and damp, rotten stalks from the bottom, greatly increasing the load on threshing and cleaning, leading to decreased grain cleanliness, increased breakage rate, and accelerated wear on the cutters and the machine.
[0034] The final harvester header height was set to 10 centimeters.
[0035] (3) Reel speed: The function of the reel is to push the crop backward and downward, guiding it smoothly towards the cutter, and then steadily laying the crop onto the conveyor after cutting. If the reel speed is too low, it will not be able to push the crop effectively, making it impossible to clear the cut crop out of the header area in time, thus causing congestion. On the other hand, if the speed is too high, it will hit the crop, which may push down uncut crops prematurely, causing missed cuts, and it is also very likely to cause serious pod breakage and grain loss.
[0036] The final reel speed was adjusted to 20 revolutions per minute.
[0037] (4) Threshing drum speed: The threshing drum speed is a core parameter of the harvester's threshing mechanism. Through the rubbing and impact action between the teeth or grooves on the drum and the concave plates, the grains are separated from the ears or pods. Too low a threshing drum speed leads to incomplete threshing and low operating efficiency, while too high a speed results in a high grain breakage rate and increased unnecessary pod-breaking losses.
[0038] The final threshing drum speed was set to 400 rpm.
[0039] (5) Harvesting speed: The harvesting speed directly affects the feed rate of the equipment. If the harvesting speed is too low, the overall harvesting efficiency will be low, and insufficient feed may lead to unstable threshing of the drum. On the other hand, if the harvesting speed is too high, it may cause blockages in various stages.
[0040] The harvesting speed of the combine harvester for rapeseed is ultimately controlled at 1.5 km / h.
[0041] (6) Angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester: The cleaning screen angle of the final harvester is set to 3°.
[0042] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 33.95% compared to the traditional harvesting method, the amount of rapeseed harvested increased significantly, and the quality of the cleaned rapeseed was good.
[0043] Example 2: A method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting was implemented in rapeseed fields in Jianli City, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. The method specifically includes the following steps: I. Preparation of anti-granulation agent: 1. Weigh the raw materials: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 5.00% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 4.00% pine oil, 2.00% Tween-80 emulsifier, 0.20% alkyl glycoside, 0.30% xanthan gum, 0.05% rosemary extract, and the balance is deionized water.
[0044] 2. Preparation of PVA solution: Add deionized water to reaction vessel one, start stirring at 200 rpm, slowly and evenly add PVA powder during stirring, and continue stirring for 10 minutes after adding to ensure that the PVA particles are fully dispersed and wetted to prevent clumping.
[0045] Then raise the temperature to 95°C, adjust the rotation speed to 200 rpm, and stir for 3 hours until the solution becomes completely transparent.
[0046] After stirring, cool the PVA solution to 60°C for later use.
[0047] 3. Preparation of pine cone mixed emulsion: In reaction vessel two, pine oil and Tween-80 emulsifier are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture of pine oil and emulsifier.
[0048] Adjust the rotation speed of the PVA solution in reaction vessel one to 600 rpm and slowly add the mixture.
[0049] After adding all the mixture, perform high-speed shearing at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes. At this point, the mixture will be a uniform milky white color.
[0050] Rosemary extract was added to the mixture, and then the mixture with rosemary extract was subjected to microwave-ultrasound co-treatment. The microwave treatment was performed in pulse mode to prevent local overheating. The microwave power was 500W and the frequency was 2450MHz. The ultrasonic power was 600W and the frequency was 25kHz. The temperature was controlled at 60℃ during the co-treatment and the treatment time was 10 minutes. After the treatment, a mixed emulsion was obtained.
[0051] 4. Additives and pH adjustment: Cool the mixed emulsion to 30°C and stir it at 600 rpm. While stirring, slowly add xanthan gum and alkyl glycoside surfactant in sequence. After adding alkyl glycoside surfactant, continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure complete hydration. After stirring, slowly adjust the pH of the system to a weakly acidic range of 5.5 with citric acid solution and sodium hydroxide. This pH environment is closer to the plant surface and is conducive to the stability of the formulation.
[0052] Once the pH is adjusted, the anti-granulation agent can be obtained.
[0053] II. Environmental control during the later stages of growth: From 15 days before the rapeseed enters the pod ripening stage until harvest, the relative soil moisture content is maintained at about 40% through irrigation and drainage measures, depending on the soil moisture conditions. 3. Apply anti-shedding agent: When about 80% of the rapeseed pods have a white film layer during the waxy ripening stage, spray an anti-drop agent. The dosage of the anti-drop agent is 100 ml per acre. When using drones for aerial spraying, dilute with 5 L of water.
[0054] When spraying pesticides by drone, the temperature is 30℃, the wind force is level 1, the drone is 5 meters above the crop canopy, the flight speed is 4 meters / second, and medium and fine droplets (200 micrometers in diameter) are selected. IV. Harvesting mature rapeseed: Rapeseed harvesting parameters requirements: (1) Harvesting time: The harvest period should be between the yellow ripening stage and the full ripening stage. The criteria for judgment are that more than 90% of the rapeseed pods in the field turn yellow and brown, the moisture content of the grains decreases to below 25%, and the main branches contract upwards. The next 3-5 days are the most suitable harvest period.
[0055] Choose any type of rapeseed combine harvester for direct rapeseed harvesting.
[0056] (2) Height of the cutting table: The header height of the harvester is set to 30 centimeters.
[0057] (3) Reel speed: The speed of the reel is adjusted to 30 revolutions per minute.
[0058] (4) Threshing drum speed: The threshing drum speed is set to 500 rpm.
[0059] (5) Harvesting speed: The harvesting speed of rapeseed using a combine harvester should be controlled at 2.5 km / h.
[0060] (6) Angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester: The angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester is set to 12°.
[0061] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 32.16% compared to the traditional harvesting method, the amount of rapeseed harvested increased significantly, and the quality of the cleaned rapeseed was good.
[0062] Example 3: A method for preventing pod cracking and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting was implemented in rapeseed fields in Anlu City, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province. The method specifically includes the following steps: I. Preparation of anti-granulation agent: 1. Weigh the raw materials: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 4.00% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 5.50% pine oil, 1.40% Tween-80 emulsifier, 0.35% alkyl glycoside, 0.25% xanthan gum, 0.10% rosemary extract, and the balance is deionized water.
[0063] 2. Preparation of PVA solution: Add deionized water to reaction vessel one, start stirring at 180 rpm, slowly and evenly add PVA powder during stirring, and continue stirring for 12 minutes after adding to ensure that the PVA particles are fully dispersed and wetted to prevent clumping.
[0064] Then raise the temperature to 90°C, adjust the rotation speed to 240 rpm, and stir for 2.5 hours until the solution becomes completely transparent.
[0065] After stirring, cool the PVA solution to 52°C for later use.
[0066] 3. Preparation of pine cone mixed emulsion: In reaction vessel two, pine oil and Tween-80 emulsifier are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture of pine oil and emulsifier.
[0067] Adjust the rotation speed of the PVA solution in reaction vessel one to 530 rpm and slowly add the mixture.
[0068] After adding all the mixture, perform high-speed shearing at 9500 rpm for 18 minutes. At this point, the mixture will be a uniform milky white color.
[0069] Rosemary extract was added to the mixture, and then the mixture with rosemary extract was subjected to microwave-ultrasound co-treatment. The microwave treatment was performed in pulse mode to prevent local overheating. The microwave power was 450W and the frequency was 2450MHz. The ultrasonic power was 700W and the frequency was 22.5kHz. The temperature was controlled at 68℃ during the co-treatment, and the treatment time was 7 minutes. After the treatment, a mixed emulsion was obtained.
[0070] 4. Additives and pH adjustment: The mixed emulsion was cooled to 28°C and stirred at 750 rpm. While stirring, xanthan gum and alkyl glycoside surfactant were added slowly in sequence. After adding the alkyl glycoside surfactant, stirring was continued for 23 minutes to ensure complete hydration. After stirring, the pH of the system was slowly adjusted to a weakly acidic range of 6.0 with citric acid solution and sodium hydroxide. This pH environment is closer to the plant surface and is conducive to the stability of the formulation.
[0071] Once the pH is adjusted, the anti-granulation agent can be obtained.
[0072] II. Environmental control during the later stages of growth: Thirteen days before the rapeseed enters the pod ripening stage and before harvest, the relative soil moisture content is maintained at about 50% through irrigation or drainage measures, depending on the soil moisture conditions. 3. Apply anti-shedding agent: When about 80% of the rapeseed pods have a white film layer during the waxy ripening stage, spray an anti-drop agent. The dosage of the anti-drop agent is 85ml per mu. When using drones for aerial spraying, dilute with 7.5L of water.
[0073] When spraying pesticides with drones, the temperature should be between 25°C, the wind force should be level 1, the drone should be 4 meters above the crop canopy, the flight speed should be 4.5 meters / second, and medium to fine droplets (150 micrometers in diameter) should be selected. IV. Harvesting mature rapeseed: Rapeseed harvesting parameters requirements: (1) Harvesting time: The harvest period should be between the yellow ripening stage and the full ripening stage. The criteria for judgment are that more than 90% of the rapeseed pods in the field turn yellow and brown, the moisture content of the grains decreases to below 25%, and the main branches contract upwards. The next 3-5 days are the most suitable harvest period.
[0074] Choose any type of rapeseed combine harvester for direct rapeseed harvesting.
[0075] (2) Height of the cutting table: The header height of the harvester is set to 18 centimeters.
[0076] (3) Reel speed: The speed of the reel is adjusted to 25 revolutions per minute.
[0077] (4) Threshing drum speed: The threshing drum speed is set to 440 rpm.
[0078] (5) Harvesting speed: The harvesting speed of rapeseed using a combine harvester should be controlled at 2 km / h.
[0079] (6) Angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester: The angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester is set to 7°.
[0080] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 39.35% compared to the traditional harvesting method, the amount of rapeseed harvested increased significantly, and the quality of the cleaned rapeseed was good.
[0081] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 3, no rosemary extract was added during the preparation of the anti-granulation agent.
[0082] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 25.68% compared to the traditional harvesting method, the amount of rapeseed harvested increased significantly, and the quality of the cleaned rapeseed was good.
[0083] As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, the performance of the prepared anti-drop agent was reduced due to the lack of the combined effect of rosemary extract and pine oil emulsion, thereby reducing the increase in the amount of rapeseed harvested.
[0084] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 3, in the preparation process of the anti-granulation agent, the microwave-ultrasound co-treatment step was changed to microwave treatment first, followed by ultrasonic treatment.
[0085] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 22.13% compared to the traditional harvesting method, the amount of rapeseed harvested increased significantly, and the quality of the cleaned rapeseed was good.
[0086] As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, the performance of the prepared anti-drop agent was reduced due to the lack of synergistic effect of microwave-ultrasound co-treatment, thereby reducing the increase in the amount of rapeseed harvested.
[0087] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the harvesting parameters at the time of rapeseed harvest were changed: (1) Height of the cutting table: The header height of the harvester is set to 35 centimeters.
[0088] (2) Reel speed: The speed of the reel is adjusted to 15 revolutions per minute.
[0089] (3) Threshing drum speed: The threshing drum speed is set to 520 rpm.
[0090] (4) Harvesting speed: The harvesting speed of rapeseed using a combine harvester should be controlled at 3 km / h.
[0091] (5) Angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester: The angle of the cleaning screen of the harvester is set to 2°.
[0092] Statistics after the harvest showed that the yield increased by 2.36% compared to the traditional harvesting method, but the increase in the amount of rapeseed harvested was not significant, and the quality of the rapeseed after cleaning was poor.
[0093] As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, if the harvesting parameters of rapeseed are changed and made to be outside the specified range, the amount of rapeseed harvested will be seriously affected. At the same time, the quality of rapeseed will be deteriorated due to the large amount of weeds and soil mixed in.
[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method of preventing pod shatter and increasing yield in oilseed rape during harvest, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: I. Preparation of anti-shattering agent: Take the following raw materials: polyvinyl alcohol, pine oil, emulsifier, silicone surfactant, xanthan gum, rosemary extract and deionized water; Mix polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water to prepare polyvinyl alcohol solution; Mix pine oil and emulsifier uniformly to obtain a mixture of pine oil and emulsifier; Mix the polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mixture to obtain a milky white mixture; Add rosemary extract to the mixture, then perform microwave-ultrasonic co-treatment, and obtain the mixed emulsion after the treatment is completed; Mix xanthan gum and silicone surfactant in the mixed emulsion, adjust the pH, and obtain the anti-shattering agent after the adjustment is completed; II. Environmental regulation in the late growth stage: Maintain the relative water content of the soil in the range of 40%-60% through irrigation or drainage measures 10-15 days before the rape enters the mature stage of the capsule to before harvesting; III. Spraying of anti-shattering agent: Spray the anti-shattering agent after more than 80% of the rape in the field enters the mature stage, the use amount of the anti-shattering agent is 67ml-100ml per mu, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for spraying treatment with 5-8L of water, and the diluted solution is uniformly sprayed on the whole rape; IV. Harvesting of mature rape: After the yellow mature stage to the complete mature stage, more than 90% of the rape capsules in the whole field become yellow and brown, the seed moisture content is reduced to below 25%, and the main branches are retracted upward. The next 3-5 days are the most suitable harvesting period, and the rape is directly harvested using a rape combine harvester. The harvester is required to adjust the speed of the harrowing wheel to 18-32 revolutions per minute and set the speed of the threshing cylinder to 400-500 revolutions per minute.
2. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the raw materials are specifically weighed as follows: Weigh the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: 3.00-5.00% polyvinyl alcohol, 4.00-6.00% pine oil, 1.20-2.00% emulsifier, 0.20-0.50% surfactant, 0.10-0.30% xanthan gum, 0.05-0.15% rosemary extract, and the rest is deionized water; The emulsifier is Tween-80 emulsifier, and the surfactant is alkyl glycoside.
3. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during rapeseed harvesting as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step one, the preparation process of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is specifically as follows: Add deionized water to the reaction container, start stirring at a speed of 150-200 rpm, add PVA powder during stirring, continue stirring for 10-15 minutes after adding, then heat to 90±5℃, adjust the stirring speed to 200-300 rpm, and stir for 2-3 hours until the solution becomes completely transparent to obtain the PVA solution.
4. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvesting according to claim 1, wherein, In step one, the preparation process of the mixture is specifically as follows: Add the mixture of pine oil and emulsifier to the PVA solution, stir at a speed of 500-600 rpm during the addition process, and after the mixture of pine oil and emulsifier is completely added, perform high-speed shearing on the mixture, adjust the speed to 8000-10000 rpm, and continue for 15-20 minutes. At this time, the mixture is uniformly milky white.
5. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvesting according to claim 1, wherein, In step one, the preparation process of the mixed emulsion is specifically as follows: The rosemary extract is added into the mixed solution, and then the mixed solution with the rosemary extract is subjected to microwave-ultrasonic co-treatment. The microwave treatment is in a pulse mode to prevent local overheating. The microwave treatment power is 300-500 W. The ultrasonic treatment power is 600-800 W. The ultrasonic treatment frequency is 20-25 kHz. The temperature is controlled at 60-70 DEG C during the co-treatment. The treatment time is 5-10 minutes. After the treatment, the mixed emulsion is obtained.
6. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvest according to claim 1, wherein, The process of adding the auxiliary agent and adjusting the pH in step one is specifically as follows: The mixed emulsion is cooled to 25-30 DEG C. The mixed emulsion is stirred at a rotating speed of 600-800 rpm. The xanthan gum and the silicone surfactant are sequentially added while stirring. After the silicone surfactant is added, the stirring is continued for 20-30 minutes to ensure complete hydration. After the stirring is completed, the pH value of the system is slowly adjusted to a weak acid range of 5.5-6.5 by using a citric acid solution and sodium hydroxide. After the pH adjustment is completed, the anti-grain loss agent is obtained.
7. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvest according to claim 1, wherein, The specific parameters of step three are as follows: When the unmanned aerial vehicle sprays the pesticide, the temperature is required to be between 10 DEG C and 30 DEG C, the wind force is less than or equal to 3, the unmanned aerial vehicle is 3-5 meters away from the crop canopy height, and the flight speed is 4-6 meters per second.
8. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvest according to claim 1, wherein, The cutterbar height in step four is set to 10-30 centimeters.
9. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvest according to claim 1, wherein, The harvesting operation speed of the harvester for harvesting the rapeseed is controlled to be 1.5-2.5 kilometers per hour in step four.
10. The method for preventing pod shatter and increasing yield during canola harvest according to claim 1, wherein, The cleaning screen angle of the harvester is set to be 3 DEG to 12 DEG in step four.