Runner plate and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a runner plate which comprises a first welding part and a second welding part, the runner plate is provided with a welding pool part, the first welding part comprises a concave part, the runner plate is provided with a runner, at least part of the runner is located between the concave part and the second welding part, and the welding pool part is connected with the first welding part and the second welding part. The second welding part comprises at least one layer of adding part and at least one layer of aluminum alloy base material layer part, and the adding part and the aluminum alloy base material layer part are stacked in the thickness direction of the runner plate; the welding pool part is roughly annular, the annular inner end side of the welding pool part is connected with the adding part and the aluminum alloy base metal layer part, the annular outer end side of the welding pool part is connected with the first welding part, one of the aluminum alloy base metal layer part and the first welding part is a first aluminum alloy material, and the other one is a second aluminum alloy material; main components of the first aluminum alloy material comprise 0.2%-1.8% of Si and 0.2%-3% of Mg, main components of the second aluminum alloy material comprise 0.05%-1.8% of Mn, main components of the adding part comprise Al and xSi, x is the mass percent of Si in the adding part and ranges from 5% to 15%, and the runner plate is good in strength and sealing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and specifically to a flow channel plate made of aluminum alloy and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Flow channels are used in thermal management systems. One type of flow channel is made by laser welding a base plate and a cover plate. Under laser beam irradiation, the contact surface between the base plate and the cover plate melts and recrystallizes, forming a new alloy structure at the weld. Laser welding of aluminum alloys to aluminum alloys is prone to weld cracking. Cracks in the weld metal lead to poor strength and sealing performance of the flow channel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a flow channel plate with improved structure. The new flow channel plate structure makes the weld of the aluminum alloy flow channel plate less prone to cracking, and the flow channel plate has better strength and sealing performance.

[0004] This application provides a flow channel plate, including a first welding portion and a second welding portion. The flow channel plate has a weld pool portion. The first welding portion includes a recess. The flow channel plate has a flow channel, at least a portion of which is located between the recess and the second welding portion. The weld pool portion connects the first welding portion and the second welding portion. The second welding portion includes at least one additive layer and at least one aluminum alloy base material layer. The additive layer and the aluminum alloy base material layer are stacked along the thickness direction of the flow channel plate. The weld pool portion is generally annular. The inner end of the weld pool portion is connected to the additive layer and the aluminum alloy base material layer, and the outer end of the weld pool portion is connected to the first welding portion. In the aluminum alloy base layer and the first welded part, one is a first aluminum alloy material and the other is a second aluminum alloy material. Taking the mass of the first aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the first aluminum alloy material include 0.2%-1.8% Si and 0.2%-3% Mg. Taking the mass of the second aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the second aluminum alloy material include 0.05%-1.8% Mn. Taking the mass of the added part as 100%, the main components of the added part include Al and xSi, where x is the mass percentage of Si in the added part, and the range of x is 5% to 15%.

[0005] The flow channel plate of the above technical solution has an improved structure. The second welding part includes at least one additive part and at least one aluminum alloy base material layer. The main component silicon in the additive part has a mass percentage range of 5%-15%. The mass percentage of silicon in the additive part is controlled within the aforementioned range. In conjunction with controlling the material composition of the aluminum alloy base material layer and the first welding part within the aforementioned range, the weld pool part has high strength and is not easy to crack. The flow channel plate has good strength and sealing performance.

[0006] This application also provides a method for preparing a flow channel plate, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate, the substrate having a recess, a support, and a welding sidewall, wherein the wall of the recess is connected to the support, and the support is connected to the welding sidewall.

[0007] A cover plate is provided, the cover plate having an additive layer and an aluminum alloy base material layer, the additive layer and the aluminum alloy base material layer being stacked along the thickness direction of the substrate; based on the mass of the additive layer as 100%, the main components of the additive layer include Al and xSi, with x ranging from 5% to 15%;

[0008] One of the substrate and the aluminum alloy base layer is a first aluminum alloy material, and the other is a second aluminum alloy material; based on the mass of the first aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the first aluminum alloy material include 0.2%-1.8% Si and 0.2%-3% Mg; based on the mass of the second aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the second aluminum alloy material include 0.05%-1.8% Mn.

[0009] The cover plate is then joined to the welded sidewall and laser welded.

[0010] The flow channel plate preparation method provided by the above technical solution adjusts the silicon composition of the weld during the laser welding process, thereby reducing weld cracking and improving the strength and sealing performance of the manufactured flow channel plate. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of each component before welding the flow channel plate in Example 1;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the flow channel plate in Example 1;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second cover plate structure in Example 2;

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third cover plate structure in Example 3.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a metallographic diagram of the weld seam of the flow channel plate in Example 1;

[0016] Figure 6 This is a metallographic diagram of the weld seam of the flow channel plate in Example 2;

[0017] Figure 7 This is a metallographic diagram of the weld seam of the flow channel plate in Example 3;

[0018] Figure 8 This is a metallographic diagram of the flow channel plate weld in Example 4;

[0019] Figure 9 This is a metallographic diagram of the flow channel plate weld in Example 5;

[0020] Figure 10 This is a metallographic diagram of the weld seam of the flow channel plate in Example 6;

[0021] Figure 11 This is a metallographic diagram of the weld seam of a comparative flow channel plate;

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 110-Cover plate, 111-Aluminum alloy base material layer, 112-Additive layer, 120-Substrate, 121-Support, 122-Recess, 123-Welding sidewall, 130-Butt joint area, 210-Second welding part, 211-Aluminum alloy base material layer, 212-Additive part, 213-Top, 214-Bottom, 215-Second welding wall, 220-First welding part, 221-Recess, 222-First welding wall, 230-Welding pool, 900-Fifth welding pool, 1010-Crack. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following are some specific embodiments to illustrate the specific implementation of this application.

[0025] In one embodiment, this application provides a flow channel plate including a first welding portion 220 and a second welding portion 210. The flow channel plate has a weld pool portion 230. The first welding portion 220 includes a recess 221. The flow channel plate has a flow channel, at least a portion of which is located between the recess 221 and the second welding portion 210. The weld pool portion 230 connects the first welding portion 220 and the second welding portion 210. The second welding portion 210 includes at least one additive portion 212 and at least one aluminum alloy base material layer 211. The additive portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base material layer 211 are stacked along the thickness direction of the flow channel plate. The weld pool portion 230 is generally annular, and the inner end of the weld pool portion 230 is connected to the additive portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base material layer. Part 211 connects to the outer end of the weld pool part 230 to the first weld part 220. One of the aluminum alloy base material part 211 and the first weld part 220 is a first aluminum alloy material, and the other is a second aluminum alloy material. Based on the mass of the first aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the first aluminum alloy material include 0.2%-1.8% Si and 0.2%-3% Mg. Based on the mass of the second aluminum alloy material as 100%, the main components of the second aluminum alloy material include 0.05%-1.8% Mn. Based on the mass of the additive part 212 as 100%, the main components of the additive part 212 include Al and xSi, where x is the mass percentage of Si in the additive part 212, and the range of x is 5% to 15%.

[0026] In one embodiment, the inner side of the weld pool portion 230 is comprised of the additive portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base material layer portion 211, while the outer side of the weld pool portion 230 is comprised of the first welding portion 220. Specifically, portions of the additive portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base material layer portion 211 are located inside the weld pool portion 230, while portions of the first welding portion 220 are located outside the weld pool portion 230. The enclosing cross-section of the weld pool portion 230 can be circular, elliptical, triangular, irregular polygonal, or other closed curve shapes.

[0027] During the welding process of aluminum alloy materials, a eutectic film is easily formed at the molten part of the aluminum alloy. This eutectic film has a low melting point. Welding stress will cause the eutectic film with a low melting point to crack along the grain boundary, which is macroscopically known as weld crack.

[0028] The material composition of the flow channel plate structure in this application has been improved to adjust the silicon content in the weld pool after laser welding, thereby improving weld cracking and enhancing the strength and sealing of the flow channel plate.

[0029] In some embodiments, the additive portion 212 includes Mg, with a mass percentage of r, ranging from 5% to 7%; the main components of the weld pool portion 230 include Al and mSi, where m is the mass percentage of Si in the weld pool portion 230, ranging from 1.2% to 12%; the weld pool portion 230 includes nMg, where n is the mass percentage of Mg in the weld pool portion 230, ranging from 1.2% to 1.5%. The magnesium content in the additive portion is controlled within the aforementioned range to complement the silicon content in the additive portion, regulating the crystallization process of the molten aluminum alloy during welding, forming a crystal structure that further helps reduce the cracking sensitivity of the weld pool portion, thereby further improving the welding strength and sealing performance. When the percentage content of silicon and magnesium in the weld pool portion is too low, the requirement for reducing the cracking sensitivity of the weld pool portion cannot be met, that is, the strength and sealing performance of the weld pool portion cannot meet the requirements. However, when the percentage content of silicon and magnesium in the weld pool portion is too high, the corrosion resistance and overall structural strength of the flow channel plate decrease. The mass percentages of silicon and magnesium in the weld pool are within the aforementioned range, which can further ensure the corrosion resistance and overall structural strength of the flow channel plate while meeting the strength and sealing requirements of the weld pool.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second weld portion 210 includes an additive portion 212 and two aluminum alloy base material layers 211, namely a first aluminum alloy base material layer and a second aluminum alloy base material layer. The additive portion 212 is disposed between the first aluminum alloy base material layer and the second aluminum alloy base material layer. The first aluminum alloy base material layer, the additive portion 212, and the second aluminum alloy base material layer are sequentially connected along the height direction on one side of the weld pool portion 230. The first weld portion 220 has a first weld wall 222. The second weld portion 210 has a top 213, a bottom 214, and a second weld wall 215. The top 213 is connected to the second weld wall 215, and the second weld wall 215 is connected to the bottom 214. The weld pool portion 230 is at least partially located between the second weld wall 215 and the first weld wall 222. Disposing the additive portion 212 between the two aluminum alloy base material layers 211 forms a sandwich structure, which is beneficial to improving the corrosion resistance of the second weld portion 210. The first aluminum alloy base layer, the additive portion 212, and the second aluminum alloy base layer are sequentially connected along the height direction on one side of the weld pool portion 230. The weld pool portion 230 is at least partially between the second weld wall 215 and the first weld wall 222, so that at least part of the additive portion 212 is inside the flow channel plate and a very small part comes into contact with the air and / or fluid outside the flow channel plate, thereby reducing the corrosion of the additive portion 212 and improving the reliability of the flow channel plate.

[0031] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the addition portion 212 accounts for a percentage of the total thickness of the second welding portion 210; the main components of the aluminum alloy base layer include Al and γSi, the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211 accounts for a percentage of the total thickness of the second welding portion 210, the main components of the first welding portion 220 include Al and γSi, and m = (x*a + y*b + z) / 2; where y is the mass percentage of Si in the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211, and z is the mass percentage of Si in the first welding portion 220; the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211 includes Mg, and its mass percentage is s; the main component of the first welding portion 220 includes Mg, and its mass percentage is q, where n = (r*a + s*b + q) / 2. Without considering the influence of welding process parameters on the structure and composition of the weld pool 230, after simplifying the calculation model, the average magnesium content in the weld pool 230 is the arithmetic mean of the magnesium content in the second weld 210 and the first weld 220. The thickness of the second weld 210, the total thickness of the additive part 212, and the magnesium content in the additive part 212, the aluminum alloy base layer 211, and the first weld 220 are comprehensively designed. The average silicon content in the weld pool 230 is the arithmetic mean of the silicon content in the second weld 210 and the first weld 220. The thickness of the second weld 210, the total thickness of the additive part 212, and the silicon content in the additive part 212, the aluminum alloy base layer 211, and the first weld 220 are comprehensively designed. The design of the Al-Si-Mg alloy in the weld pool 230 plays an important role in determining the crystal size, structure, and average distribution. By designing the thickness distribution of the second weld, the silicon and magnesium content in the second weld, and the silicon and magnesium content in the first weld, the Al-Si-Mg alloy in the weld pool 230 can be made to form a more uniform and smaller crystal arrangement, thereby further increasing the strength of the weld pool 230.

[0032] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the additive portion 212 is 10% to 30% of the total thickness of the second weld portion 210, and the mass percentage m of Si in the weld pool portion 230 ranges from 2% to 5%. This facilitates the adjustment of the alloy composition of the weld pool portion 230 while ensuring the strength and corrosion resistance of the second weld portion 210. Further control of the silicon content in the weld pool portion 230 results in better crack resistance while simultaneously improving corrosion resistance and strength.

[0033] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the second weld portion 210 ranges from 2 to 5 mm, and the total thickness of the additive portion 212 ranges from 0.1 to 1.5 mm. Controlling the thickness of the second weld portion 210 within this range effectively increases the laser energy transmission efficiency during laser welding and reduces the impact on crack resistance caused by uneven silicon distribution in the weld pool portion 230 due to thickness distribution. Controlling the total thickness of the additive portion 212 within the aforementioned range helps to reduce the negative impact of the additive portion 212 on the corrosion resistance and strength of the second weld portion 210.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing the flow channel plate includes the following steps: providing a substrate 120, the substrate 120 having a recess 122, a support 121, and a welding sidewall 123, the wall of the recess 122 being connected to the support 121, the support 121 being connected to the welding sidewall 123; providing a cover plate 110, the cover plate 110 having an additive layer 112 and an aluminum alloy base layer 111, the additive layer 112 and the aluminum alloy base layer 111 being stacked along the thickness direction of the substrate 120; based on the additive layer mass of 100%, the main components of the additive layer 112 include Al, xSi, where x ranges from 5% to 15%, one of the substrate 120 and the aluminum alloy base layer 111 is a first aluminum alloy material and the other is a second aluminum alloy material. Taking the first aluminum alloy material as 100% by mass, its main components include 0.2%-1.8% Si and 0.2%-3% Mg; taking the second aluminum alloy material as 100% by mass, its main components include 0.05%-1.8% Mn. The cover plate 110 is butt-welded to the welding sidewall 123 using laser welding. In the laser-welded state, a molten pool of a certain volume is formed in the butt joint area 130 of the cover plate 110 and substrate 120. When the silicon content in the molten pool increases, it first precipitates to form crystal nuclei, which is beneficial for forming a fine crystal structure, enhancing the resistance to thermal stress during the cooling process of the molten pool, and reducing the risk of weld cracking. However, when the silicon content in the aluminum alloy increases to a certain extent, it will reduce the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. By controlling the silicon content of the added layer within the aforementioned range, the silicon content in the new alloy at the weld joint can be adjusted to a certain range, reducing the crack sensitivity of the weld joint while ensuring the strength and corrosion resistance of the new alloy at the weld joint.

[0035] Alternatively, the total thickness of the cover plate 110 is t, and there is an assembly gap L between the cover plate 110 and the welding sidewall 123, which is controlled to be ≤0.1t. Controlling the assembly gap between the cover plate 110 and the welding sidewall 123 can improve the precise control of the new alloy composition at the weld, while also increasing the effective area of ​​laser irradiation and improving the precise control of manufacturing process parameters, thereby improving the control of the flow channel plate manufacturing process and enhancing the controllability of the manufacturing process.

[0036] In some embodiments, laser welding is performed above the assembly gap between the cover plate 110 and the welding sidewall 123 using a single-spot or annular laser, with the welding speed controlled at 20-30 mm / s. Controlling the welding speed within this range facilitates control of the molten pool area and allows for control of the composition of the new alloy formed in the molten pool. Combined with the silicon content in the additive layer 112, this allows for comprehensive adjustment of the percentages of Al, Si, and Mg in the final new alloy formed at the weld, as well as the size and shape of the weld area, achieving better crack resistance and higher weld quality.

[0037] In some embodiments, the substrate 120 is manufactured by forging or stamping. Laser irradiation is applied to the welding sidewall 123 and the top of the cover plate 110, controlling the assembly gap L to ≤ 0.5 mm, so that at least a portion of the welding sidewall 123 and the cover plate 110 are at least partially melted to form a weld pool containing 2% to 5% Si by mass. Forging or stamping the substrate 120, using the aforementioned flow channel plate manufacturing method, and keeping the Si mass percentage in the weld pool within the range of 2% to 5%, further improves weld cracking reduction. Further controlling the assembly gap L within the aforementioned range ensures that the cover plate 110 and the substrate 120 receive laser energy to a greater extent, improving process controllability and guaranteeing a better welding effect.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate 200. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the flow channel plate 200, which includes a second welding portion 210 and a first welding portion 220. The first welding portion 220 is made of a first aluminum alloy material, whose main components include Al, Si, and Mg, wherein the average mass percentage of Si is 1% and the average mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%. The second welding portion 210 includes an additive portion 212 and two aluminum alloy base material layers 211. The additive portion 212 is disposed between the two aluminum alloy base material layers 211 to form a sandwich structure. The aluminum alloy base material layers 211 are made of the first aluminum alloy material, wherein the average mass percentage of Si is 1% and the average mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%.

[0040] Definition as follows Figure 2 In the diagram, direction H represents the height direction, and the thickness of the second welded portion 210 in the height direction is d. The first welded portion 220 is as follows... Figure 2 As shown on the right, the cross-sectional thickness of the part that mates with the second welded part 210 is basically the same as the thickness of the second welded part 210. The thickness d of the second welded part 210 is 3 mm, and the total thickness of the additive part 212 is 0.9 mm. The main components of the additive part 212 include Al and Si, with Si having a mass fraction of 5%.

[0041] The weld pool portion 230 is at least partially located between the second weld portion 210 and the first weld portion 220. One side of the weld pool portion 230 connects the additive portion 212 to the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211, and the other side of the weld pool portion 230 connects to the first weld portion 220. Along the height direction from... Figure 2 Looking from top to bottom, the weld pool portion 230 forms a closed elliptical ring. Inside the elliptical ring are the portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211, and outside the elliptical ring is the first weld wall 222 of the first weld portion 220. Depending on the welding situation, all or part of the first weld wall 222 is in contact with the weld pool portion 230 on the outside, while all or part of the addition portion 212 and the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211 are in contact with the weld pool portion 230 on the inside of the ring. The theoretical mass percentage m of Si in the weld pool portion 230 alloy, without considering the influence of laser welding process parameters, can be calculated from the total thickness of the addition portion 212 and its silicon content, the thickness of the aluminum alloy base layer portion 211 and its silicon content, and the silicon content in the first weld portion 220. The silicon content m in the weld pool is calculated as follows: (Silicon content in addition part 212 * total thickness of addition part 212 / thickness of second weld part 210 + silicon content in aluminum alloy base layer 211 * thickness of aluminum alloy base layer 211 / silicon content in second weld part 210 + silicon content in first weld part 220) / 2 * 100%. Therefore, the silicon content m in the weld pool 230 is calculated as follows: (5% * 0.9 / 3 + 1% * 2.1 / 3 + 1%) / 2 = 1.6%. In this embodiment, the mass percentage of silicon in the weld pool 230 is 1.6%. According to the laser welding mechanism, it can be understood that the silicon content distribution in the depth and width directions of the weld pool is uneven, but its average content is 1.6%, which ensures that the microstructure of the alloy in the weld pool 230 is within a relatively good crack resistance range.

[0042] Specifically, the manufacturing method of the flow channel plate 200 in this embodiment is as follows, refer to... Figure 1 This is used to illustrate the assembly position of the flow channel plate 200 before welding. An aluminum alloy substrate 120 is provided, which has a recess 122, a support 121, and a welding sidewall 123; an aluminum alloy cover plate 110 is provided, which has an additive layer 112 and an aluminum alloy base material layer 111, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the substrate 120; the cover plate 110 is assembled onto the substrate 120, and the cover plate 110 is placed on the support 121, covering the recess 122.

[0043] The cover plate 110 is butt-jointed with the welding sidewall 123, and the assembly gap L between the cover plate 110 and the welding sidewall 123 is controlled to be less than 0.3 mm to ensure that the welding sidewall 123 of the cover plate 110 and the substrate 120 can be largely covered by laser energy during laser beam irradiation. The cover plate 110 is as follows... Figure 1 The right side shown forms a mating area 130 with the substrate 120. A single-spot laser is used, and the welding rate is controlled at 20 mm / s. During laser welding, the material in the mating area 130 melts and recrystallizes to form at least a portion of the weld pool 230. Figure 1 The shape of the mating area 130 shown is only for clearly indicating the location of the area to be welded and is not intended to limit the actual shape of the mating area 130.

[0044] In some embodiments, the recess 221 has a through hole for fluid flow, for communicating with another flow channel plate or a flow channel of another portion of the flow channel plate 200 (not shown). The weld pool portion 230 is in... Figure 2 The shape shown is not intended to limit the shape of the weld pool in this application, but is only used to illustrate the location of the structure.

[0045] Observe the metallographic structure at the weld seam of the flow channel plate 200 in this embodiment. Figure 5 This is a metallographic image of the flow channel plate weld after welding in this embodiment. There is no cracking at the weld.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate, the structure of which is similar to flow channel plate 200, and will not be described again here. The flow channel plate in this embodiment differs from flow channel plate 200 as follows: In this embodiment, the flow channel plate includes a second welding part and a first welding part. The main components of the second welding part and the first welding part include Al and Si. The second welding part is made of a first aluminum alloy material, wherein the mass percentage of Si is 1% and the mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%. The first welding part is made of a second aluminum alloy material, wherein the mass percentage of Mn ranges from 0.05% to 1.8%, and the mass percentage of Si is 1.2%. The mass percentage of silicon in the second weld pool is 1.4%. Before laser welding, the second cover plate used is as follows... Figure 3As shown, the second cover plate includes a second additive layer 310 and a second aluminum alloy base layer 320. The total thickness of the second cover plate is 5 mm, the thickness of the second additive layer 310 is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the second aluminum alloy base layer 320 is 4.5 mm. The mass percentage of Si in the second additive layer 310 is 7%, the mass percentage of Si in the second aluminum alloy base layer 320 is 1%, and the average silicon content in the second substrate is 1.2%. The assembly gap between the second substrate and the second cover plate is less than 0.5 mm, and circumferential laser welding is used at a speed of 26 mm / s. A new aluminum alloy compound is formed at the weld joint, and the alloy composition of this compound is affected by the alloy composition of the second substrate and the second cover plate. Specifically, the mass percentage of Si in the new alloy compound of the weld joint can be calculated from the silicon content in the second additive layer 310, the second aluminum alloy base layer 320, and the second substrate, as well as the thickness ratio of the second additive layer 310 to the second aluminum alloy base layer 320. The silicon mass percentage in the weld metal is calculated as follows: (Silicon mass percentage in the second additive layer 310 * thickness of the second additive layer 310 / total thickness of the second cover plate + Silicon mass percentage in the second aluminum alloy base layer 320 * thickness of the second aluminum alloy base layer 320 / total thickness of the second cover plate + Silicon content in the second substrate) / 2 * 100%. Therefore, the silicon content m in the second weld pool is calculated as follows: m = (7% * 0.5 / 5 + 1% * 4.5 / 5 + 1.2%) / 2 = 1.4%. Figure 6 This is a metallographic image of the weld seam of the flow channel plate in this embodiment. Figure 6 There were no cracks at the weld joint, and the welding effect was good.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate, which has a similar structure to flow channel plate 200, with the following differences. A third cover plate is laser-welded to the third substrate, and the structure of the third cover plate is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, a third aluminum alloy substrate layer 420 is designed between the two third additive layers 411 to form a sandwich structure. The third aluminum alloy substrate layer 420 in the third cover plate is a first aluminum alloy material, wherein the average mass percentage of Si is 0.8% and the average mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%. The third substrate is a second aluminum alloy material, wherein the average mass percentage of Si is 0.2% and the Mn content is 1.8%. The total thickness of the third cover plate is 4 mm, the thickness of the third additive layer 411 is 0.4 mm, the combined thickness of the two third additive layers 411 is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the third aluminum alloy substrate layer 420 is 3.2 mm.

[0050] During the assembly of the flow channel plate assembly, the third aluminum alloy base layer 420 and the two third additive layers 411 are as follows: Figure 4 The right side shown is aligned with the sidewall of the third substrate. A laser is irradiated above the alignment point to perform laser welding. The average mass percentage of silicon in the third weld pool is 1.2%.

[0051] This embodiment and Embodiment 2 are performed using the same welding process. (See attached...) Figure 7 This is a metallographic image of the weld pool portion of the flow channel plate in this embodiment; no cracks are visually apparent. (Attached) Figure 7 The image shows a metallographic diagram of the third weld pool in this embodiment, visually examining its weld connection state, porosity, and other typical welding properties. Figure 6 Similar to the Chinese, with no major differences.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate, similar in structure to flow channel plate 200, with the following differences. The flow channel plate in this embodiment employs a fourth cover plate and a fourth substrate. The fourth substrate is made of a first aluminum alloy material, comprising 1.2% Mg by mass and an average 0.7% Si by mass. The fourth cover plate adopts a structure similar to the second cover plate in Embodiment 2, with a fourth additive layer added above the fourth aluminum alloy base layer. The fourth additive layer has a thickness of 0.5 mm, while the fourth aluminum alloy base layer has a thickness of 1.5 mm. The fourth aluminum alloy base layer is made of a second aluminum alloy material, with an average 0.5% Mg by mass and an average 1.2% Si by mass. The fourth additive layer contains 5% Mg and an average 10% Si. Without considering process parameter errors, the average Mg content in the fourth weld pool is calculated as: (Mg content in the fourth additive layer * thickness of the fourth additive layer / total thickness of the fourth cover plate + Mg content in the fourth aluminum alloy base layer * thickness of the fourth aluminum alloy base layer / total thickness of the fourth cover plate + Mg content in the fourth substrate) / 2 * 100%. Therefore, the mass percentage of magnesium in the fourth weld pool is n1 = (5% * 0.5 / 2 + 0.5% * 1.5 / 2 + 1.2%) / 2 = 1.4%. The mass percentage of silicon in this fourth weld pool is 2%.

[0054] The fourth cover plate is fitted to the fourth substrate, and the welding gap between the fourth cover plate and the fourth substrate is controlled to be less than 0.2 mm. Welding is performed using a laser welding speed of 30 mm / s. The metallographic image of the fourth weld pool section of the flow channel plate after welding is attached. Figure 8 As shown, the connection between the substrate and the cover plate is nearly arc-shaped, and there is no weld crack at the connection.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate, similar in structure to flow channel plate 200, with the following differences. The flow channel plate of this embodiment includes a fifth cover plate and a fifth substrate. The fifth substrate is a first aluminum alloy material, whose main components include Al, Si, and Mg, with Mg having a mass percentage of 0.8% and Si an average mass percentage of 1.8%. The fifth cover plate adopts a similar structure to cover plate 110 in Embodiment 1, with a total thickness of 2 mm. A fifth additive layer is disposed between two fifth aluminum alloy base material layers. The main components of the fifth additive layer include Si with an average mass percentage of 15% and Mg with an average mass percentage of 7%. The fifth aluminum alloy base material layer is a second aluminum alloy material, with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and its main components include Al, Si, and Mg, with magnesium having a mass percentage of 0.5% and Si an average mass percentage of 0.5%. The total thickness of the fifth additive layer is 0.4 mm, and its main components include Al, Si, and Mg, with Mg having a mass percentage of 7%. The fifth cover plate and the fifth substrate are assembled, and laser welding is performed using the same welding process as in Example 4. The area to be welded is irradiated by the laser to form a molten pool, and the fifth weld molten pool 900 is obtained. The average magnesium content in the fifth weld molten pool 900 is 1.3%, and the average silicon content in the fifth weld molten pool 900 is 2.6%.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a metallographic diagram of the cross-section of the flow channel plate after welding in this embodiment, as shown. Figure 9 The joint shown on the lower left side has no cracks, and the connection surface is arc-shaped. Fifth weld pool section 900... Figure 9 As shown, its surface structure exhibits good consistency, with no large pores, and the light reflection is relatively uniform. Compared to... Figure 8 The fourth weld pool section shown has good structural uniformity. The uniformity of the weld structure has a significant impact on its strength. In this embodiment, the fifth weld pool section 900 of the flow channel plate has a silicon content of 2.6%, which is higher than the silicon content of 2% in the fourth weld pool section of embodiment 4. Therefore, the weld pool section of this embodiment has better structural uniformity.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] This embodiment provides a flow channel plate, which is formed by laser welding a sixth cover plate and a sixth substrate. The sixth cover plate includes a sixth additive layer and a sixth aluminum alloy base material layer. When the sixth cover plate and the sixth substrate are assembled, the sixth additive layer is placed below the sixth aluminum alloy base material layer, and the end face of the sixth cover plate is mated with the sixth substrate to form a welding area. The welding area includes a portion of the sixth additive layer, a portion of the sixth aluminum alloy base material layer, and a portion of the sidewall of the sixth substrate. The thickness of the aluminum alloy base material layer in the sixth cover plate is 0.9 mm, and the total thickness of the sixth cover plate is 3 mm. The aluminum alloy base material layer in the sixth cover plate is a first aluminum alloy material, whose main components include an average mass percentage of 1.8% Si and an average mass percentage of 1% Mg. The sixth substrate uses the first aluminum alloy material, whose main components include an average mass percentage of 1.8% Si and an average mass percentage of 0.8% Mg. The sixth additive layer mainly comprises Al, Si, and Mg. Using the same welding process parameters as in Example 1, the area to be welded is heated and melted by a laser beam to form a molten pool. After cooling, the sixth weld molten pool is formed. The average mass percentage of Si in the sixth weld molten pool is 3.8%, and the average mass percentage of Mg is 1.5%. The average mass percentage of silicon first increases and then decreases along the width of the sixth weld molten pool, and the grain size of the alloy in the weld molten pool first increases and then decreases along its width. (See attached image) Figure 10 This is a metallographic image of the weld seam of the flow channel plate after welding in this embodiment. Figure 10 As can be seen, the lower right corner of the sixth weld pool section of the flow channel plate has no cracks, and the surface structure of the sixth weld pool section is relatively uniform, with only a very few micropores, indicating good weldability. (Relatively speaking, the attached...) Figure 5 The weld pool portion 230 of Embodiment 1 Figure 10 The sixth weld pool has fewer and smaller pores, and the structure and microstructure of the sixth weld pool are more consistent.

[0060] Comparative Example

[0061] This application employs laser welding of a first cover plate made of 6-series aluminum alloy without an additive layer to a first substrate made of 3-series aluminum alloy, using the same laser welding process as in Example 2. The metallographic structure of the welded joint of the flow channel plate after welding is as follows: Figure 11 As shown. Figure 11 Metallographic image of the weld joint and Figure 6 In comparison, the flow channel plate in this comparative example has a first weld pool section, in which a more obvious and deep crack 1010 appears in the lower right of the first weld pool section, accompanied by large pores. There are also many pores in the middle of the first weld pool section, resulting in a poor welding effect.

[0062] In one embodiment, the position and number of the additive layer and the aluminum alloy base material layer are not limited to the forms described in the above embodiments. The additive layer and the aluminum alloy base material layer can be single-layered or multi-layered. Setting an additive layer between two aluminum alloy base material layers has a positive effect on improving corrosion resistance. The cover plate structures in each embodiment can be interchanged and used in combination. For example, in some embodiments, embodiment 6 can use the cover plate structure of embodiment 1.

[0063] Through comparisons between the above embodiments and comparative examples, and between embodiments, this application demonstrates that by adding a layer to increase the silicon content in the weld pool of the flow channel plate, the problem of weld cracking can be effectively solved. Furthermore, by controlling the silicon content in the weld pool between 1.2% and 12%, the resulting flow channel plates exhibit no cracking at the weld seams. When the silicon content in the weld pool is further increased, the uniformity of the weld structure is further improved, the uniformity of the internal grain size is improved, and the weld strength is further enhanced. When the magnesium content in the weld pool is simultaneously controlled, maintaining the silicon content between 1.2% and 12% while keeping the magnesium content ≤1.5%, the weld performance is further improved. Because the addition of magnesium enhances the weldability of the aluminum alloy, the crystal structure in the weld pool changes, transforming into a strengthening phase, thus increasing the strength of the weld pool. Furthermore, by controlling the mass percentage of magnesium in the weld pool to ≥1.2%, the crystal uniformity in the weld pool is further controlled, resulting in more stable welding performance.

[0064] The above examples illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. These embodiments are merely illustrative and intended to aid in understanding the method and core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A runner plate comprising a first weld (220), a second weld (210), the runner plate having a weld puddle (230), characterized by: The first welding portion (220) comprises a recess (221), the flow channel plate has a flow channel, at least part of the flow channel is located between the recess (221) and the second welding portion (210), the welding pool portion (230) connects the first welding portion (220) and the second welding portion (210), the second welding portion (210) comprises at least one layer of an added portion (212) and at least one layer of an aluminum alloy base material layer portion (211), the added portion (212) and the aluminum alloy base material layer portion (211) are stacked in the thickness direction of the flow channel plate; the welding pool portion (230) is generally annular, the inner end side of the ring of the welding pool portion (230) is connected to the added portion (212) and the aluminum alloy base material layer portion (211), and the outer end side of the ring of the welding pool portion (230) is connected to the first welding portion (220), the aluminum alloy base material layer portion (211) and one of the first welding portion (220) are a first aluminum alloy material, and the other is a second aluminum alloy material; the main components of the first aluminum alloy material include 0.2%-1.8% Si and 0.2%-3% Mg, based on 100% of the mass of the first aluminum alloy material; the main components of the second aluminum alloy material include 0.05%-1.8% Mn, based on 100% of the mass of the second aluminum alloy material; and the main components of the added portion (212) include Al and xSi, x is the mass percentage of Si in the added portion (212), and x ranges from 5% to 15%, based on 100% of the mass of the added portion (212).

2. The runner plate of claim 1, wherein: The added portion (212) comprises component Mg, the mass percentage of which is r, and r ranges from 5% to 7%; the main components of the welding pool portion (230) include Al and mSi, m is the mass percentage of Si in the welding pool portion (230), and m ranges from 1.2% to 12%, based on 100% of the mass of the welding pool portion (230); and the welding pool portion (230) comprises nMg, n is the mass percentage of Mg in the welding pool portion (230), and n ranges from 1.2% to 1.5%.

3. The runner plate of claim 2, wherein: The second welding part (210) comprises one layer of the adding part (212), two layers of the aluminum alloy base material layer part (211), the two layers of the aluminum alloy base material layer part (211) are respectively a first aluminum alloy base material layer and a second aluminum alloy base material layer, the adding part (212) is arranged between the first aluminum alloy base material layer and the second aluminum alloy base material layer, and one side of the welding molten pool part (230) is sequentially connected with the first aluminum alloy base material layer, the adding part (212) and the second aluminum alloy base material layer along the height direction; the first welding part (220) has a first welding wall (222); the second welding part (210) has a top part (213), a bottom part (214) and a second welding wall (215), the top part (213) is connected with the second welding wall (215), the second welding wall (215) is connected with the bottom part (214), and the welding molten pool part (230) is at least partially between the second welding wall (215) and the first welding wall (222).

4. The runner plate of claim 2 or 3, wherein: The thickness of the adding part (212) accounts for a percentage of the total thickness of the second welding part (210); the main components of the aluminum alloy base material layer mainly include Al and ySi, the aluminum alloy base material layer part (211) accounts for b percentage of the total thickness of the second welding part (210), the main components of the first welding part (220) mainly include Al and zSi, and m=(x*a+y*b+z) / 2; wherein y is the mass percentage of Si in the aluminum alloy base material layer part (211), z is the mass percentage of Si in the first welding part (220), the aluminum alloy base material layer part (211) includes component Mg, and the mass percentage of Mg is s; the main components of the first welding part (220) mainly include Mg, and the mass percentage of Mg is q, wherein n=(r*a+s*b+q) / 2.

5. The runner plate of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: The total thickness of the adding part (212) is 10% to 30% of the total thickness of the second welding part (210), and the mass percentage m of Si in the welding molten pool part (230) ranges from 2% to 5%.

6. The runner plate of claim 5, wherein: The total thickness of the second welding part (210) ranges from 2 mm to 5 mm, and the total thickness of the adding part (212) ranges from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.

7. A method of manufacturing a runner plate, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: A substrate (120) is provided, the substrate (120) has a recessed part (122), a support (121) and a welding side wall (123), the wall of the recessed part (122) is connected with the support (121), and the support (121) is connected with the welding side wall (123); A cover plate (110) is provided, the cover plate (110) has an adding layer (112) and an aluminum alloy base material layer (111), and the adding layer (112) and the aluminum alloy base material layer (111) are stacked along the thickness direction of the substrate (120); the main components of the adding layer (112) include Al and xSi, and the range of x is 5% to 15%, taking the mass of the adding layer (112) as 100%. The substrate (120) and one of the aluminum alloy base material layer (111) are a first aluminum alloy material, and the other is a second aluminum alloy material; the first aluminum alloy material mainly includes 0.2%-1.8% of Si and 0.2%-3% of Mg, based on 100% of the mass of the first aluminum alloy material; and the second aluminum alloy material mainly includes 0.05%-1.8% of Mn, based on 100% of the mass of the second aluminum alloy material. The cover plate (110) is butted against the welded side wall (123), and laser welding is performed.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The total thickness of the cover plate (110) is t, and the cover plate (110) and the welded side wall (123) have an assembly gap L, and the assembly gap L is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1t.

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein: Single-spot or ring-shaped spot laser is used to perform laser welding above the assembly gap between the cover plate (110) and the welded side wall (123), and the welding speed is controlled to be 20-30mm / s.

10. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein: The substrate (120) is manufactured by forging or stamping, laser irradiation is performed above the welded side wall (123) and the cover plate (110), the assembly gap L is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.5mm, at least part of the welded side wall (123) and the cover plate (110) are at least partially melted to form a welding pool portion, and the welding pool portion contains 2%-5% of Si in terms of mass percentage.

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