Self-adaptive laser welding equipment and laser welding production line

Abstract

The invention relates to self-adaptive laser welding equipment and a laser welding production line, and relates to the technical field of laser welding, the laser welding equipment comprises a working base table, the working base table is provided with a welding platform, and the welding platform is used for placing and fixing a workpiece; the laser welding assemblies are arranged above the welding platform at intervals; the laser welding assembly comprises a mounting shell, a main laser output head is vertically arranged in the mounting shell, and a main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head vertically downwards penetrates out of the mounting shell and irradiates the welding platform; the three-axis driver is arranged between the mounting shell and the working base table, and the three-axis driver is used for driving the mounting shell to move above the welding platform; and the detection regulation and control assembly is arranged on the mounting shell and electrically connected with the main laser output head, and the detection end of the detection regulation and control assembly faces the welding platform. The welding seam forming quality of the complex workpiece can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser welding, and in particular to a self-adaptive laser welding device and a laser welding production line. BACKGROUND

[0002] Laser welding is widely used in the connection process of new energy battery busbars, precision connectors and aerospace sensitive components due to its high energy density, small heat-affected zone and fast welding speed.

[0003] At present, the laser welding device mainly includes a laser output head, a beam transmission system, a laser welding head and a motion control platform. When laser welding is performed, the operator usually needs to adjust and fix the output parameters of the laser output head in advance according to the main material properties of the workpiece to be processed. During the entire welding operation period after the device is started, the key process parameters such as the wavelength combination, power ratio and energy density of the laser are always kept in a preset fixed state, so as to ensure the stability of the workpiece welding quality.

[0004] For the related technologies in the above, under actual complex working conditions, part of the precision workpiece is not a single uniform material, but presents a form of multiple material alternation, dissimilar metal lap joint or uneven surface plating. For such complex workpieces, the laser energy output by the existing laser welding device is single in form and fixed in parameter. In the welding process, when the material of the welding position on the workpiece changes, the laser with fixed parameters is difficult to meet the corresponding welding requirements, which will make the corresponding welding position on the workpiece prone to burn-through, fire or virtual welding due to energy absorption overload or insufficient energy absorption, which will affect the yield of the workpiece welding. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a self-adaptive laser welding device and a laser welding production line, which aims to enable the laser welding device to adjust the parameters of the laser beam in real time according to the material of the welding workpiece, so that the energy input and wavelength characteristics of the laser beam can dynamically match the material of the current welding position of the workpiece, thereby improving the welding quality of the complex workpiece and improving the stability of the welding quality of the complex workpiece and the product yield.

[0006] In a first aspect, the self-adaptive laser welding device provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: The utility model provides an adaptive laser welding equipment, including work base, be provided with welding platform on work base, welding platform is used for placing and fixed work piece, laser welding assembly is arranged at interval above welding platform, laser welding assembly includes installation shell, be provided with main laser output head in installation shell, main laser output head sets up vertically, and the main laser beam that main laser output head emits vertically downward passes through installation shell and irradiates on welding platform, three -axis driver is arranged between installation shell and work base, three -axis driver is used for driving installation shell moves above welding platform, detection control assembly is arranged on installation shell and is connected with main laser output head, the detection end of detection control assembly is towards welding platform setting, detection control assembly is used for gathering the spectrum signal of work piece welding position material composition that work piece produces and corresponding control main laser output head's parameter.

[0007] Through adopting the above technical scheme, when laser welding is carried out, after work piece is placed and fixed on welding platform, three -axis driver drives laser welding assembly to move to corresponding position, at this time, main laser output head is opposite work piece, main laser output head opens and emits main laser beam, and main laser beam irradiates on corresponding position of work piece to carry out laser welding.

[0008] In this process, the material characteristic containing photo plasma is generated when work piece is welded by main laser beam, at this time, detection control assembly can collect the spectrum signal of the plasma in real time, since the characteristic spectrum line of different metal materials is different after being excited by heat, detection control assembly can analyze the actual material composition of the current welding position on work piece according to the collected spectrum signal, and based on the analysis result, detection control assembly dynamically controls the output parameter of main laser beam in real time, so that the parameter of main laser beam can adapt to the material of the current welding position on work piece.

[0009] This mechanism makes that laser welding equipment can adjust the parameter of laser beam in real time according to the material of work piece, so that the energy input and wavelength characteristics of laser beam can dynamically match the material of the current welding position on work piece, thereby improving the weld forming quality of complex work piece and improving the stability of complex work piece welding quality and product yield.

[0010] Optionally, the detection control assembly includes a spectrum acquisition probe, a transmission optical fiber, and a spectrum analysis control unit. The spectrum acquisition probe is arranged on the installation shell, and the detection end of the spectrum acquisition probe is arranged towards the welding platform. One end of the transmission optical fiber is connected with the output end of the spectrum acquisition probe, and the other end is connected with the spectrum analysis control unit. The spectrum analysis control unit is electrically connected with the main laser output head.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the detection and regulation assembly is cooperatively designed through the spectrum acquisition probe, the transmission optical fiber and the spectrum analysis control unit, so that the spectrum acquisition probe can collect the plasma plume generated by the workpiece welding and converge it into an optical signal coupled to the transmission optical fiber, then the transmission optical fiber transmits the optical signal to the spectrum analysis control unit at the rear end with low loss, then the spectrum analysis control unit receives the optical signal and analyzes the material characteristics to determine the current control laser parameter, and finally the spectrum analysis control unit inputs the current control laser parameter into the main laser output head to realize the parameter adjustment of the main laser beam.

[0012] In this design, a complete signal link from front-end optical signal capture, middle-end optical signal transmission to rear-end signal processing and instruction generation is constructed, and the transmission optical fiber is used to realize the spatial separation of the acquisition end and the analysis end, which not only ensures that the precise spectrum analysis control unit is away from the high-temperature and high-interference welding site, but also guarantees the integrity and real-time performance of the spectrum signal transmission.

[0013] Optionally, the laser welding assembly further comprises a laser shafting device and an auxiliary laser output head, the laser shafting device is located in the mounting shell and connected with the mounting shell, the main laser output head and the auxiliary laser output head are both arranged on the laser shafting device, the laser shafting device is used for superimposing the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head and the auxiliary laser beam emitted by the auxiliary laser output head, and the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam vertically and sequentially pass through the laser shafting device and the mounting shell and irradiate onto the welding platform; the wavelengths of the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam are different; the auxiliary laser output head is electrically connected with the detection and regulation assembly, and the detection and regulation assembly is used for collecting the spectrum signal generated by the welding workpiece and correspondingly regulating the parameters of the main laser output head and the auxiliary laser output head.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, under the cooperation of the main laser output head, the auxiliary laser output head and the laser shafting device, the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam with different wavelengths are superimposed to form a composite laser beam, and the composite laser beam is used for workpiece welding.

[0015] Since the absorption rates of laser beams with different wavelengths on different metal surfaces are obviously different, for example, the absorption rate of infrared light on the copper surface is low, while the absorption rate of blue / green light is high. Therefore, after the detection and regulation assembly identifies the material of the current welding position of the workpiece, the detection and regulation assembly can simultaneously regulate the main laser output head and the auxiliary laser output head, and then change the parameters of the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam to adjust the ratio of the composite laser beam, so that the composite laser beam can better adapt to the material of the current welding position of the workpiece, thereby further expanding the material application range of the laser welding equipment.

[0016] Optionally, the wavelength range of the main laser beam is 1000nm to 1100nm, and the wavelength range of the auxiliary laser beam is 400nm to 600nm.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the main laser beam is defined as being in the infrared band, while the auxiliary laser beam is in the visible light band. Infrared lasers are characterized by high power and strong deep-penetration capability, while visible lasers have high absorption rates on the surfaces of non-ferrous metals such as gold or copper. Therefore, the composite laser beam formed by combining the two possesses the advantages of both. During workpiece welding, the auxiliary laser beam can rapidly melt the surface of highly reflective materials, while the main laser beam can maintain the penetration depth, thus achieving high-quality welding with lower total energy consumption. This design effectively solves the problems of large spatter, molten pool vibration, and poor weld formation caused by the low absorption rate of existing single infrared lasers when welding highly reflective materials, thereby improving the stability of the welding process and the quality of the weld formation.

[0018] Optionally, the laser welding assembly further includes a secondary laser output head, which is mounted on the laser coupling. The laser coupling is used to overlap the main laser beam emitted from the main laser output head, the auxiliary laser beam emitted from the auxiliary laser output head, and the secondary laser beam emitted from the secondary laser output head, and these beams pass vertically downward through the laser coupling and the mounting housing, irradiating the welding platform. The wavelengths of the main laser beam, the auxiliary laser beam, and the secondary laser beam are all different. The secondary laser output head is electrically connected to the detection and control component, which is used to acquire the spectral signal generated by the welded workpiece and correspondingly adjust the parameters of the main laser output head, the auxiliary laser output head, and the secondary laser output head.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a secondary laser output head is introduced, and the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head, the auxiliary laser beam emitted by the auxiliary laser output head, and the secondary laser beam emitted by the secondary laser output head are combined to form a composite laser beam, and the workpiece is welded by the composite laser beam.

[0020] This allows the laser welding equipment of this application to simultaneously output three different wavelengths of laser light. The detection and control component can dynamically adjust the parameters of the three laser beams based on the feedback spectral information, thereby enabling more precise adjustment of the composite laser beam ratio. This allows the composite laser beam to adapt to workpieces with more complex structures and materials, and even to complex workpieces where the material composition or laser absorption characteristics change along the welding depth direction. As the beam penetrates different material layers, the ratio of the composite laser beam can be adjusted in real time to match the material characteristics of the current layer, which further improves the welding quality of the laser welding equipment.

[0021] Optionally, the wavelength range of the main laser beam is 1000nm to 1100nm, the wavelength range of the auxiliary laser beam is 400nm to 500nm, and the wavelength range of the secondary laser beam is 500nm to 600nm.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the main laser beam is defined as being in the infrared band, the auxiliary laser beam as being in the blue band, and the secondary laser beam as being in the green band. This allows the composite laser beam to combine the characteristics of infrared, blue, and green light. Since this specific combination of three laser beams covers the optical absorption peak range of most metal materials involved in precision electronic components, it ensures that no matter how the workpiece material changes, there will always be one or more laser beam wavelengths in the composite laser beam that can be efficiently absorbed, thereby guaranteeing the welding efficiency and welding quality of the composite laser beam for workpieces of different materials.

[0023] Optionally, a vision inspection component is also included, which includes a high-speed CCD, a vision controller, and a display terminal; the high-speed CCD is mounted on the mounting housing, the lens of the high-speed CCD is oriented toward the welding platform, the display terminal is mounted on the work base, and both the high-speed CCD and the display terminal are electrically connected to the vision controller.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the vision inspection component, through the coordinated design of a high-speed CCD, a vision controller, and a display terminal, allows the high-speed CCD to capture the shape of the weld pool, spatter, and surface quality of the weld on the workpiece. The vision controller receives and processes the image information from the high-speed CCD, and immediately alarms on the display terminal if any abnormality in the weld pool shape or misalignment is detected. Simultaneously, the vision controller can also magnify and display the received image information on the display terminal in real time. This enables real-time monitoring of the welding process, providing more comprehensive quality assurance and facilitating intuitive monitoring of the welding process by operators.

[0025] Optionally, a gas cooling assembly is also included, comprising a double-layer coaxial nozzle disposed on the mounting housing. One end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle faces the welding platform, and the end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle facing the welding platform has an inner layer flow channel and an outer layer annular flow channel. The inner layer flow channel is coaxially disposed inside the outer layer annular flow channel. The double-layer coaxial nozzle is connected to a primary gas supply component and a secondary gas supply component. The primary gas supply component communicates with the inner layer flow channel, and the secondary gas supply component communicates with the outer layer annular flow channel.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas cooling assembly, through the cooperation of a double-layer coaxial nozzle, a primary gas supply component, and a secondary gas supply component, enables the inner layer flow channel and the outer layer circulation channel on the double-layer coaxial nozzle to simultaneously eject different gases, thereby forming two layers of gas protection fields with different flow velocities and functions. This gas protection field blows towards the welding position on the workpiece. At this time, the faster-flowing gas ejected from the inner layer flow channel can effectively disperse the plasma cloud generated by laser welding, ensuring that the laser energy reaches the workpiece surface stably; while the slower-flowing gas ejected from the outer layer circulation channel forms a large-scale gas laminar flow hood, isolating the external air, thereby achieving the function of anti-oxidation protection.

[0027] Optionally, a vibration optimization component is also included, which includes a vibration generator and an amplitude transformer. The vibration generator is disposed on the mounting housing, and the amplitude transformer is located below the vibration generator. One end of the amplitude transformer is coaxially connected to the vibration generator, and the other end extends downward toward the welding platform.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the vibration optimization component, through the design of the vibration generator and amplitude transformer, enables the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration generated by the vibration generator to be transmitted to the workpiece via the amplitude transformer. This vibration is then transmitted to the welding area of ​​the workpiece. The cavitation and acoustic flow effects induced by the mechanical vibration in the weld pool violently stir the weld pool, breaking up growing coarse dendrites and refining the grain structure, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the weld. Simultaneously, the vibration helps to force air bubbles inside the weld pool to rise and be expelled, effectively reducing the weld porosity and thus improving weld quality.

[0029] Secondly, the laser welding production line provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A laser welding production line includes: an automatic feeding component; a connecting and transferring component; a laser welding device; and an automatic unloading component. The automatic feeding component, the connecting and transferring component, the welding platform, and the automatic unloading component are all disposed on the working base. The automatic feeding component, the welding platform, and the automatic unloading component are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length direction of the working base. The connecting and transferring component is used to transfer workpieces between the automatic feeding component and the welding platform, and between the welding platform and the automatic unloading component.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, adaptive laser welding equipment is integrated into a fully automated production line. The automatic feeding component ensures the orderly supply of workpieces, the connecting and transferring component enables high-speed and precise transfer of workpieces between workstations, and the automatic unloading component collects finished products. The entire production line achieves unmanned operation from raw material input to finished product output, significantly improving production efficiency and reducing labor costs. Furthermore, through mechanized standardized operations, it further ensures the consistency and stability of product quality, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application, through the coordinated design of the detection and control component and the main laser output head, enables the detection and control component to collect plasma spectral signals during the workpiece welding process in real time and analyze the material composition. This allows the laser output parameters of the main laser output head to be adaptively adjusted. This enables the laser welding equipment to adaptively adjust the laser beam parameters in real time according to the material of the workpiece being welded. As a result, the energy input and wavelength characteristics of the laser beam can be dynamically matched with the material of the current welding position of the workpiece, thereby improving the weld formation quality of complex workpieces and increasing the stability and product yield of the welding quality of complex workpieces.

[0032] 2. By employing the synergistic effect of multi-wavelength laser composite and spectral feedback mechanisms, this application enables the laser welding equipment to dynamically adjust the ratio of the composite laser beam according to the optical absorption characteristics of different materials during laser welding. This allows the composite laser beam to be more suitable for the material at the current welding position of the workpiece, thereby improving the welding quality of the workpiece and further expanding the application range of the laser welding equipment.

[0033] 3. This application, through the combination of gas cooling components and vibration optimization components, simultaneously achieves the suppression of photo-induced plasma, the protection against oxidation of the weld seam, and the refinement of grains and the removal of pores inside the weld pool during the welding process. The combined effect from macroscopic protection to microscopic structure modification enhances the mechanical strength and reliability of the welding position on the workpiece, thereby improving the welding quality of the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of the laser welding equipment of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser welding equipment according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser welding assembly of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0037] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the detection and control component of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the visual inspection component of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gas cooling assembly according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of the laser welding equipment of Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser welding assembly of Embodiment 3 of this application.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser welding production line of Embodiment 5 of this application.

[0043] In the diagram, 1. Working platform; 2. Welding platform; 3. Laser welding assembly; 31. Mounting housing; 311. Laser port; 312. Protective lens; 32. Laser coupling; 321. Optical housing; 3211. Optical port; 3212. First interface; 3213. Second interface; 3214. Third interface; 322. Transmitting lens; 323. Beam combiner; 324. Focusing lens group; 325. Coupling lens; 33. Main laser output head; 34. Auxiliary laser output head; 35. Secondary laser output head; 4. Three-axis driver; 5. Detection and control assembly; 1. Spectral acquisition probe; 52. Transmission optical fiber; 53. Spectral analysis control unit; 531. Spectral analyzer; 532. FPGA controller; 6. Visual inspection component; 61. High-speed CCD; 62. Display terminal; 63. Visual controller; 7. Vibration optimization component; 71. Vibration generator; 72. Amplitude bar; 8. Gas cooling component; 81. Primary gas supply component; 82. Secondary gas supply component; 83. Double-layer coaxial nozzle; 831. Inner layer flow channel; 832. Outer layer annular flow channel; 833. Fixed end cap; 834. Inner nozzle; 835. Outer nozzle; 100. Automatic feeding assembly; 1001. Vibratory feeder; 1002. Linear feeder; 200. Connecting transfer assembly; 2001. First transfer robot; 2002. Relay platform; 2003. Second transfer robot; 2004. Third transfer robot; 300. Automatic unloading assembly; 3001. Material tray; 3002. Inclined feed channel. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 9 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0045] Example 1: An adaptive laser welding device, referring to... Figure 1 The system includes a working base 1, a welding platform 2 on the working base 1, welding fixtures on the welding platform 2, and laser welding components 3 spaced apart above the welding platform 2. The laser welding components 3 are vertically arranged, with the welding end of the laser welding components 3 located at the lower end of the laser welding components 3 and facing the welding platform 2. A three-axis driver 4 is provided between the laser welding components 3 and the working base 1, and the three-axis driver 4 is connected to the laser welding components 3.

[0046] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The three-axis actuator 4 includes an X-axis linear module, a Y-axis linear module, and a Z-axis linear module. The X-axis linear module is fixedly mounted on the work base 1, with its driving direction set horizontally. The Y-axis linear module is mounted on the slide of the X-axis linear module, with its driving direction set vertically and perpendicular to the X-axis. The Z-axis linear module is slidably mounted on the slide of the Y-axis linear module, with its driving direction set vertically. Through the cooperation of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis linear modules, the laser welding assembly 3 achieves precise positioning and trajectory movement in three-dimensional space.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The laser welding assembly 3 includes a mounting housing 31, which is connected to a three-axis driver 4. The mounting housing 31 is vertically positioned and has a laser port 311 on its lower side. A protective lens 312 is provided on the lower side of the mounting housing 31 to seal the laser port 311.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The housing 31 contains a laser coupling 32, a main laser output head 33, and an auxiliary laser output head 34. The laser coupling 32 is vertically positioned with its lower end facing the laser port 311. The main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 are both mounted on the laser coupling 32. The main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser beam emitted by the auxiliary laser output head 34 have different wavelengths.

[0049] With the design of the laser coupling 32, the main laser beam emitted from the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser beam emitted from the auxiliary laser output head 34 can be combined into a coaxial composite laser beam. This composite laser beam is focused on the same point on the welding platform 2, enabling welding of the workpiece on the welding platform 2. This welding method allows the composite laser beam to possess the characteristics of different laser beams, thereby improving the problems of large spatter, molten pool fluctuation, and incomplete welds caused by low absorption when welding highly reflective materials with a single-wavelength laser. This enhances the stability of the welding process and the quality of the weld formation.

[0050] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 The main laser output head 33 is specifically the output end of a fiber laser, and the main laser beam output is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. The auxiliary laser output head 34 is specifically the fiber optic output end of a blue semiconductor laser or a green semiconductor laser, and the auxiliary laser beam emitted is a blue laser beam with a wavelength of 450nm or a green laser beam with a wavelength of 532nm.

[0051] Based on the selection of the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam, the advantages of different wavelengths of lasers are fully utilized: 1064nm infrared laser technology is mature, has high power, and is relatively low in cost, making it suitable as the main energy source for deep penetration welding; while 450nm blue light or 532nm green light typically has an absorption rate of over 40%-50% on highly reflective metal surfaces such as copper and gold, far exceeding the 5% of infrared light, making it suitable as a high-efficiency heat source. The combination of the two achieves better welding results with lower energy consumption, and is particularly suitable for precision welding of dissimilar materials such as copper-aluminum composite workpieces.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 The laser coupling 32 includes an optical housing 321, which is connected to the mounting housing 31. An optical port 3211 is provided at the lower end of the optical housing 321, and a light-transmitting lens 322 is provided at the lower end of the optical housing 321. The light-transmitting lens 322 closes the optical port 3211, and the optical port 3211 and the laser port 311 are directly opposite each other in the vertical direction.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 The optical housing 321 has a first interface 3212 on its upper side, and the main laser output head 33 is plugged into the first interface 3212. The main laser output head 33 is vertically positioned, and the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head 33 is transmitted vertically downwards. The optical housing 321 has a second interface 3213 on its horizontal side, and the auxiliary laser output head 34 is plugged into the second interface 3213. The auxiliary laser output head 34 is horizontally positioned, and the auxiliary laser beam of the auxiliary laser output head 34 is transmitted horizontally.

[0054] Reference Figure 3The optical housing 321 is provided with a beam combiner 323 and a focusing lens group 324. The first interface 3212, the beam combiner 323 and the focusing lens group 324 are arranged in sequence at intervals along the vertical direction and are all connected to the optical housing 321. The beam combiner 323 is located on one side of the auxiliary laser output head 34 along the horizontal direction.

[0055] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 The main laser beam emitted from the main laser output head 33 passes sequentially through the beam combiner 323, the focusing lens group 324, the light-transmitting lens 322, and the protective lens 312, and finally illuminates the welding platform 2. The auxiliary laser beam emitted from the auxiliary laser output head 34 is transmitted to the beam combiner 323, which reflects the auxiliary laser beam, causing the optical axis of the reflected auxiliary laser beam to overlap with the optical axis of the main laser beam and pass vertically downwards through the focusing lens group 324, the light-transmitting lens 322, and the protective lens 312.

[0056] The laser coaxiality 32 is designed to achieve laser composite, while also preventing external dust or welding spatter from entering the optical housing 321 and contaminating the optical lenses, thereby extending the service life of the optical components and ensuring the consistency and stability of the composite beam's optical axis.

[0057] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 The beam combiner 323 employs a long-pass dichroic mirror with a dielectric film coated on its surface. This design enables the long-pass dichroic mirror to exhibit high reflectivity (R>99.5%) for 450nm / 532nm (blue / green light) and high transmittance (T>98%) for 1064nm (infrared light). Furthermore, it utilizes ultraviolet fused silica material. This long-pass dichroic mirror ensures that the high-power main laser beam passes directly with extremely low loss, maximizing the beam quality of the infrared laser and reducing thermal lensing effects. Simultaneously, it efficiently reflects and combines the auxiliary laser beam into the main optical path, achieving efficient and low-loss coupling of dual-band lasers.

[0058] In addition, the beam combiner 323 can also be a notch dichroic mirror. With such a notch dichroic mirror design, high transmission is only achieved for specific narrowband wavelengths (such as 1064nm±10nm), while total reflection occurs in other bands. This results in higher spectral isolation and can further effectively prevent backlighting during the welding process from damaging the laser.

[0059] Reference Figure 2 The focusing lens group 324 is a fused silica aspherical lens group or an achromatic cemented doublet lens group; the light-transmitting lens 322 and the protective lens 312 are both ultraviolet fused silica lenses coated with dual-band antireflective coatings. Furthermore, the first interface 3212 is a QBH fiber optic interface; the second interface 3213 is a QCS fiber optic interface or a QBH fiber optic interface.

[0060] With this selection, the laser coupling 32 can not only withstand high-power laser irradiation of kilowatts and above without generating thermal lensing effect, but also effectively correct the chromatic aberration caused by different wavelength lasers, ensuring that the focal points of the main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam are highly coincident in the Z-axis direction. At the same time, it provides a reliable connection interface of industrial standard, which facilitates the maintenance and replacement of equipment.

[0061] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 4 The laser welding equipment also includes a detection and control component 5, which includes an adjustment bracket, a spectral acquisition probe 51, a transmission optical fiber 52, and a spectral analysis and control unit 53. The adjustment bracket is mounted on the mounting housing 31, and the spectral acquisition probe 51 is mounted on the adjustment bracket. The detection end of the spectral acquisition probe 51 is located at the lower end of the spectral acquisition probe 51, and the detection end of the spectral acquisition probe 51 is tilted downward toward the direction of the composite laser beam, so that the detection end of the spectral acquisition probe 51 is set toward the welding platform 2.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 One end of the transmission optical fiber 52 is connected to the upper end of the spectral acquisition probe 51, and the other end is connected to the spectral analysis control unit 53. The main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 are both electrically connected to the spectral analysis control unit 53.

[0063] Under the design of the detection and control component 5, during the laser welding process, the composite laser beam welds the workpiece, causing it to vaporize and form plasma. At this time, the spectral acquisition probe 51 collects the full-band light signal emitted by the plasma in real time and transmits it to the spectral analysis and control unit 53 through the transmission fiber optic cable 52. The spectral analysis and control unit 53 has a preset material characteristic spectral database. By analyzing the relative intensity of specific wavelengths in the received spectral signal, it determines the material composition of the workpiece at the current welding position. Based on the determination result, the spectral analysis and control unit 53 sends parameter adjustment commands to the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 in real time. Therefore, through the closed-loop cooperation between the detection and control component 5 and the laser welding component 3, real-time perception and adaptive response to material changes during the welding process are realized, and automatic adjustment of the composite laser beam ratio is achieved. This allows the composite laser beam to automatically adapt to the welding requirements of different positions on the workpiece, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the workpiece.

[0064] In this embodiment, during welding, the optical axis of the spectral acquisition probe 51 intersects with the optical axis of the composite laser beam at the welding point, and the angle between the optical axis of the spectral acquisition probe 51 and the optical axis of the composite laser beam is 30° to 40°.

[0065] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4To achieve optical signal acquisition, the spectral acquisition probe 51 incorporates a focusing lens, which is a UV-fused silica plano-convex lens. This focusing lens selection leverages the high transmittance of UV-fused silica in the deep ultraviolet band (200nm-400nm) to effectively capture the weak UV characteristic spectral signals generated during the welding of metals such as gold and copper. This avoids the loss of critical signals due to UV absorption by ordinary optical glass, thus ensuring the integrity and sensitivity of the spectral acquisition.

[0066] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The transmission fiber 52 is made of UV-resistant large-core silica fiber, with a core diameter preferably between 400μm and 600μm. This UV-resistant large-core fiber configuration maximizes the low-loss transmission of the focused optical signal to the back end, while preventing photo-darkening caused by long-term exposure to high-energy ultraviolet light, thus ensuring the long-term stability of the detection data.

[0067] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 The spectral analysis control unit 53 includes a spectral analyzer 531 and an FPGA controller 532. The spectral analyzer 531 adopts an industrial-grade micro spectrometer module or an embedded fiber optic spectrometer, and the end of the transmission fiber 52 away from the spectral acquisition probe 51 is connected to the spectral analyzer 531. The spectral analyzer 531 is electrically connected to the FPGA controller 532, and the FPGA controller 532 is electrically connected to the control terminals of the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34, respectively.

[0068] Based on the electrical connection design of the spectral analysis control unit 53, the FPGA controller 532 has a pre-set material characteristic spectral database. In this embodiment, the FPGA controller 532 can achieve millisecond-level response. During operation, the spectral analyzer 531 converts the received spectral signal into a digital electrical signal and sends it to the FPGA controller 532; the FPGA controller 532 determines the material composition of the current welding position on the workpiece by analyzing the relative intensity of specific wavelengths in the signal.

[0069] Based on the judgment result, the FPGA controller 532 sends parameter adjustment commands in real time. These commands specifically include adjusting the output power, pulse frequency, and duty cycle of the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34. The reason for coordinating these specific parameters is twofold: First, adjusting the output power directly controls the amount of heat input to the workpiece. For example, when a high-reflectivity or high-melting-point material (such as copper) is detected, increasing the power ensures sufficient energy to melt the substrate; while when a low-melting-point or heat-sensitive material is detected, decreasing the power prevents overheating or perforation. Second, adjusting the pulse frequency and duty cycle allows for precise control of the thermal relaxation time of the laser interaction with the material. For materials with high thermal conductivity, using a high frequency and high duty cycle enables rapid heat accumulation; while for thin-walled or easily deformable areas, using a low duty cycle pulse output helps reduce the heat-affected zone while ensuring melting depth, thus preventing workpiece thermal deformation.

[0070] In this embodiment, a parameter adjustment command is sent every five milliseconds.

[0071] Specifically, during the actual welding process, when copper spectral line enhancement is detected, the FPGA controller 532 issues an instruction to simultaneously increase the power ratio of the auxiliary laser output head 34 (blue / green light) and the pulse frequency of the main laser output head 33. This utilizes the high absorption rate of short-wavelength lasers to quickly form a molten pool, and high-frequency pulses are used to maintain the stability of the molten pool. When aluminum spectral line enhancement is detected, an instruction is issued to reduce the power of the auxiliary laser beam, increase the power of the main laser beam, and appropriately reduce the duty cycle to prevent collapse caused by excessive fluidity of the molten aluminum. This achieves precise welding process matching for different material properties.

[0072] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 5 The laser welding equipment also includes a vision inspection component 6, which comprises a high-speed CCD 61, an adjustable mounting bracket, a display terminal 62, and a vision controller 63. The adjustable mounting bracket is mounted on the mounting housing 31, and the high-speed CCD 61 is mounted on the adjustable mounting bracket with its lens tilted downwards towards the welding platform 2. The display terminal 62 is mounted on the work base 1, and both the display terminal 62 and the high-speed CCD 61 are electrically connected to the vision controller 63.

[0073] Regarding the setup of the vision inspection component 6, during the welding process, the high-speed CCD 61 acquires high-definition dynamic images of the welding area on the workpiece in real time and transmits the image signals to the vision controller 63. The vision controller 63 converts the image signals into a video stream and sends it to the display terminal 62 for magnified display, enabling operators to clearly and intuitively monitor the weld formation quality and spot alignment. Simultaneously, the vision controller 63 utilizes internally preset image processing algorithms, such as edge detection and grayscale analysis, to monitor the molten pool status in real time. When abnormally bright or dark areas are detected in the molten pool area, the vision controller 63 immediately generates an alarm signal and displays it on the display terminal 62. This dual welding quality monitoring mode effectively prevents the generation of batch welding defects and reduces reliance on operator experience.

[0074] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 The high-speed CCD 61 uses an industrial area scan camera with global shutter function. The vision controller 63 uses an industrial panel PC or an embedded image processing industrial computer. The display terminal 62 uses a high-resolution industrial touch screen.

[0075] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 1 The vibration optimization component 7 includes a vibration mounting base, a vibration generator 71, and an amplitude transformer 72. The vibration mounting base is coaxially disposed on the outside of the mounting housing 31. The vibration generator 71 is mounted on the vibration mounting base. The amplitude transformer 72 is located below the vibration generator 71, and the upper end of the amplitude transformer 72 is coaxially connected to the vibration generator 71. The lower end of the amplitude transformer 72 extends downward at an angle toward the direction of the composite laser beam, so that the lower end of the amplitude transformer 72 is positioned toward the welding platform 2.

[0076] During welding, the triaxial actuator 4 drives the laser welding assembly 3 into position. At this time, the amplitude transformer 72 approaches or directly contacts the workpiece surface, and the vibration generator 71 starts working, generating high-frequency mechanical vibration. This vibration is focused by the amplitude transformer 72 and transmitted to the workpiece in a non-contact manner, such as high-intensity sound waves / sound pressure, or in a contact manner, such as vibration. This allows the vibration to act on the weld pool on the workpiece. This enables the ultrasonic vibration generated by the vibration generator 71 to promote convective heat transfer inside the weld pool on the workpiece, breaking up growing coarse dendrites and thus refining the grain structure. At the same time, the cavitation effect generated by the ultrasonic vibration in the weld pool helps to force the tiny bubbles in the weld pool to aggregate and float to the surface, thereby effectively reducing weld porosity and improving the density and mechanical strength of the welded position on the workpiece.

[0077] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1The vibration generator 71 adopts a bolt-fastened PZT piezoelectric ceramic transducer or a magnetostrictive transducer, and its operating frequency is preferably set to 20kHz-40kHz, and the amplitude is set to 20μm-50μm.

[0078] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 6 The laser welding equipment also includes a gas cooling assembly 8, which comprises a primary gas supply component 81, a secondary gas supply component 82, a double-layer coaxial nozzle 83, and a gas pipe support. The gas pipe support is fixedly mounted on the mounting housing 31, and the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83 is mounted on the gas pipe support. The outlet end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83 is inclined downwards towards the welding platform 2. The end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83 facing the welding platform 2 has an inner layer flow channel 831 and an outer layer circulation channel 832. The inner layer flow channel 831 and the outer layer circulation channel 832 are coaxially arranged, and the inner layer flow channel 831 is located within the outer layer circulation channel 832. The primary gas supply component 81 includes a helium source and a first gas supply pipe. One end of the first gas supply pipe is connected to the helium source, and the other end is connected to the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83. The secondary gas supply component 82 includes a nitrogen source and a second gas supply pipe. One end of the second gas supply pipe is connected to the nitrogen source, and the other end is connected to the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83. Furthermore, the first gas supply pipe is connected to the inner layer perforated flow channel 831, and the second gas supply pipe is connected to the outer layer annular flow channel 832.

[0079] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 7 The double-layer coaxial nozzle 83 includes a fixed end cap 833, an inner nozzle 834, and an outer nozzle 835. The fixed end cap 833 is snapped into place with an air pipe support. One end of the outer nozzle 835 and one end of the inner nozzle 834 are screwed to the fixed end cap 833. The inner nozzle 834 is coaxially located inside the outer nozzle 835, forming an inner layer flow channel 831. An outer layer annular flow channel 832 is formed between the outer wall of the inner nozzle 834 and the inner wall of the outer nozzle 835. One end of a first air supply pipe is connected to the fixed end cap 833 and communicates with the inner layer flow channel 831. One end of a second air supply pipe is connected to the outer nozzle 835 and communicates with the outer layer annular flow channel 832.

[0080] During welding, the primary gas supply unit 81 injects helium into the inner flow channel 831, and a central helium column with a relatively high flow rate is ejected through the corresponding inner nozzle 834. Utilizing the high ionization potential of helium, this helium column can effectively disperse and suppress the photo-induced plasma plume generated by laser welding, ensuring stable transmission of laser energy, and simultaneously providing forced cooling to the center of the weld. The secondary gas supply unit 82 injects nitrogen into the outer annular flow channel 832, and a peripheral nitrogen laminar flow hood with a relatively low flow rate is ejected through the corresponding outer nozzle 835. This nitrogen laminar flow hood covers the outer periphery of the helium column, forming a soft gas barrier that isolates a large area of ​​external air and prevents oxidation of the high-temperature weld. Specifically, the preferred helium ejection velocity is 15 m / s, and the preferred nitrogen ejection velocity is 5 m / s.

[0081] Based on the above design, the double-layer coaxial nozzle 83 utilizes the synergistic effect of the velocity gradient and temperature gradient of the inner high-speed helium gas and the outer low-speed nitrogen gas to ensure both laser penetration and cooling efficiency during deep penetration welding, while also achieving good weld formation and protection.

[0082] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: after the workpiece is placed and fixed on the welding platform 2, the vision inspection component 6 identifies the Mark point on the workpiece and guides the three-axis driver 4 to move the laser welding component 3 to the welding start position. Then, the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 start to form a composite laser beam to weld the workpiece.

[0083] When welding begins, the gas cooling component 8 is activated simultaneously to establish a stable helium / nitrogen dual-layer protective flow field.

[0084] Meanwhile, the detection and control component 5 monitors the spectral signal in real time and determines the material of the welding position on the workpiece based on the detected spectral signal. In turn, the FPGA controller 532 adjusts the parameters of the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 to adaptively change the ratio of the composite laser beam.

[0085] At the same time, the vibration optimization component 7 generates high-frequency vibration and transmits it to the workpiece, which refines the grains in the weld pool area of ​​the workpiece and removes pores.

[0086] Example 2: An adaptive laser welding device, referring to... Figure 8The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the high-speed CCD 61 uses a snapshot hyperspectral camera, which integrates the function of the spectral acquisition probe 51. The high-speed CCD 61 has a data output interface, which is electrically connected to the vision controller 63 and the spectral analysis control unit 53 via data transmission cables. The high-speed CCD transmits the two-dimensional spatial image signal from the acquired data to the vision controller 63. The vision controller 63, according to its original logic, sends the image signal to the display terminal 62 for real-time display and uses image algorithms to monitor the morphology of the weld pool. The high-speed CCD 61 transmits the spectral dimension signal from the acquired data, i.e., the full-band spectral data corresponding to the pixel, to the spectral analysis control unit 53. In this spectral analysis control unit 53, the original spectral analysis function is directly handled by the FPGA controller 532. The FPGA controller 532 receives the digital spectral signal, analyzes the relative intensity of specific characteristic wavelengths at the workpiece welding position, and directly sends power adjustment commands to the main laser output head 33 and the auxiliary laser output head 34 accordingly.

[0087] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: the high-speed CCD61 adopts a snapshot hyperspectral camera, which can directly integrate the front-end acquisition functions of the original spectral acquisition probe 51, transmission optical fiber 52 and spectral analyzer 531, thereby realizing the parallel operation of visual monitoring and adaptive spectral control.

[0088] Example 3: An adaptive laser welding device, referring to... Figure 8 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that it also includes a secondary laser output head 35, and a third interface 3214 is provided on the optical housing 321. The third interface 3214 and the second interface 3213 are located on the same side of the optical housing 321, and the third interface 3214 is located below the second interface 3213. The secondary laser output head 35 and the third interface 3214 are plugged into each other. The secondary laser output head 35 is horizontally set, and the secondary laser beam of the secondary laser output head 35 is transmitted in the horizontal direction.

[0089] Reference Figure 8 The optical housing 321 also contains a coaxial mirror 325, which is located vertically between the beam combiner 323 and the focusing lens group 324, and the coaxial mirror 325 and the secondary laser output head 35 are spaced apart in the horizontal direction.

[0090] Reference Figure 8 The main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head 33 passes through the beam combiner 323, the coaxial mirror 325, the focusing lens group 324, the light-transmitting lens 322, and the protective lens 312 in a vertical direction, and finally irradiates the welding platform 2.

[0091] Reference Figure 8The auxiliary laser emitted by the auxiliary laser output head 34 is transmitted to the corresponding beam combiner 323. The corresponding beam combiner 323 reflects the auxiliary laser beam, and the optical axis of the reflected auxiliary laser beam is aligned with the optical axis of the main laser beam and passes through the beam combiner 325, the focusing lens group 324, the light transmission lens 322 and the protective lens 312 in sequence.

[0092] Reference Figure 8 The secondary laser beam emitted by the secondary laser output head 35 is transmitted to the corresponding coaxial mirror 325. The corresponding coaxial mirror 325 reflects the secondary laser beam, and the optical axis of the reflected secondary laser beam, the auxiliary laser beam and the main laser beam are aligned and pass through the focusing lens group 324, the light-transmitting lens 322 and the protective lens 312 in sequence.

[0093] Reference Figure 8 The main laser output head 33, the auxiliary laser output head 34, and the secondary laser output head 35 are all electrically connected to the FPGA controller 532.

[0094] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 9 The main laser output head 33 is specifically the fiber optic output end of a continuous fiber laser, outputting a main laser beam of 1064nm wavelength infrared laser. The auxiliary laser output head 34 is specifically the fiber optic output end of a blue semiconductor laser, emitting an auxiliary laser beam of 450nm wavelength blue laser. The secondary laser output head 35 is specifically the fiber optic output end of a green semiconductor laser, emitting a secondary laser beam of 532nm wavelength green laser.

[0095] Reference Figure 9 The 325 coaxial lens employs a short-pass dichroic mirror with a coating designed to provide high reflectivity for 532nm green light while simultaneously allowing high transmission for 1064nm infrared and 450nm blue light. This optical selection ensures that green light can be efficiently combined into the main optical path, while the already combined infrared and blue light can pass through without loss, ultimately achieving coaxial output of infrared, blue, and green beams.

[0096] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: by introducing a secondary laser output head 35, the composite laser beam output by the laser welding equipment of this application can be any one, two, or three of the three wavelengths of infrared, blue, and green lasers.

[0097] With this design, based on the absorption characteristics of different materials for different wavelengths—for example, gold absorbs green light well, copper absorbs blue light well, and steel / aluminum absorbs infrared light well—the FPGA controller 532 can dynamically adjust the power ratio of the three lasers according to the real-time feedback from the detection and control component 5.

[0098] For example, when welding composite workpieces with gold-plated copper substrates and aluminum busbars: green light is used to rapidly melt the gold plating in the initial welding stage; then blue light is used to establish a stable copper molten pool; finally, infrared light is used for deep penetration bonding. This three-band adaptive welding process expands the material applicability of the laser welding equipment of this application, and is particularly suitable for complex multi-layer dissimilar metal welding processes.

[0099] Example 4: An adaptive laser welding device. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the vibration mounting base is a ring structure, and the vibration mounting base and the laser port 311 are coaxially arranged. Eight vibration generators 71 are provided, which are evenly spaced along the circumference of the vibration mounting base, and each vibration generator 71 has a corresponding amplitude transformer 72 coaxially arranged at its lower end.

[0100] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Eight vibration generators 71 work synchronously to generate high-frequency mechanical vibration with a frequency of 20kHz and an amplitude of about 50μm. The vibrations of all vibration generators 71 are spatially converged on the welding point on the workpiece through the amplitude transformer 72. This ring-shaped symmetrical ultrasonic vibration field can more evenly cover the entire weld pool area compared with single-point vibration, and generate a stronger acoustic flow stirring effect inside the weld pool, thereby more thoroughly eliminating dendrite growth in all directions and expelling pores without dead angles. It is particularly suitable for circular welds or large spot welding scenarios.

[0101] Example 5: A laser welding production line, referring to Figure 9 The system includes an automatic feeding component 100, an intermediate connecting and transferring component 200, the aforementioned laser welding equipment, and an automatic unloading component 300. The automatic feeding component 100, the intermediate connecting and transferring component 200, and the automatic unloading component 300 are all mounted on the working base 1. The automatic feeding component 100, the welding platform 2, and the automatic unloading component 300 are arranged sequentially and at intervals along the length of the working base 1. The intermediate connecting and transferring component 200 is distributed between the automatic feeding component 100 and the welding platform 2, and between the welding platform 2 and the automatic unloading component 300.

[0102] Reference Figure 9 In this embodiment, the automatic feeding component 100 uses a vibratory feeder 1001 and a linear feeder 1002 to automatically sort and output scattered workpieces, thereby realizing the automatic feeding function.

[0103] Reference Figure 9In this embodiment, the intermediate connecting transfer component 200 includes a first transfer robot 2001, a relay platform 2002, a second transfer robot 2003, and a third transfer robot 2004. The relay platform 2002 is spaced apart from the automatic feeding component 100. The first transfer robot 2001 is located between the relay platform 2002 and the automatic feeding mechanism, the second transfer robot 2003 is located between the relay platform 2002 and the welding platform 2, and the third transfer robot 2004 is located between the welding platform 2 and the automatic unloading component 300. The first transfer robot 2001, the second transfer robot 2003, and the third transfer robot 2004 are all four-axis SCARA robots or Cartesian coordinate robots, and the end effector of each transfer robot is equipped with a pneumatic finger cylinder or a vacuum suction cup.

[0104] Reference ​ The first transfer robot 2001 quickly picks up the workpiece from the end of the linear feeder 1002 and places it onto the relay platform 2002. The relay platform 2002 is equipped with a secondary positioning fixture for pre-correcting the workpiece's posture and eliminating positional errors during the loading process. The second transfer robot 2003 picks up the workpiece after secondary positioning and places it into the welding fixture of the laser welding equipment. The third transfer robot 2004 removes the finished product after welding and transfers it to the automatic unloading assembly 300.

[0105] Reference ​ In this embodiment, the automatic feeding component 300 includes a material tray 3001 and an inclined feeding channel 3002. The high end of the inclined feeding channel 3002 is located below the release position of the third transfer robot 2004, and the low end of the inclined feeding channel 3002 extends above the material tray 3001 or is directly connected to the material tray 3001. With this structural design, when the third transfer robot 2004 releases the workpiece, the workpiece falls into the inclined feeding channel 3002 and automatically slides down the channel under gravity to the material tray 3001 for collection and stacking. In addition, a counting sensor can be installed on the inclined feeding channel 3002 for production statistics.

[0106] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the welding production line is working, the automatic feeding component 100 automatically sorts the scattered workpieces and transports them to the gripping position of the linear feeder 1002. The first transfer robot 2001 grips the workpieces and places them on the secondary positioning fixture on the relay platform 2002 for posture correction. Subsequently, the second transfer robot 2003 accurately loads the corrected workpieces onto the welding platform 2 of the laser welding equipment. On the welding platform 2, the workpieces are clamped by the welding fixture, and the laser welding component 3, with the coordinated cooperation of the three-axis driver 4, vision inspection component 6, gas cooling component 8, detection and control component 5, and vibration optimization component 7, completes the adaptive laser welding process. After welding, the third transfer robot 2004 removes the finished product from the welding fixture and releases it into the inclined material channel 3002 of the automatic unloading component 300, where the finished product finally slides into the material tray 3001 for collection. The entire welding production line achieves fully automated operation from feeding, handling, positioning, welding detection to unloading, thereby improving production efficiency and product consistency.

[0107] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive laser welding device, characterized in that, include: A working base (1) is provided with a welding platform (2), which is used to place and fix the workpiece; A laser welding assembly (3) is spaced above the welding platform (2); the laser welding assembly (3) includes a mounting housing (31), a main laser output head (33) is provided inside the mounting housing (31), the main laser output head (33) is vertically arranged, and the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head (33) passes vertically downward through the mounting housing (31) and irradiates the welding platform (2); A three-axis drive (4) is disposed between the mounting housing (31) and the work base (1), and the three-axis drive (4) is used to drive the mounting housing (31) to move above the welding platform (2); The detection and control component (5) is mounted on the mounting housing (31) and electrically connected to the main laser output head (33). The detection end of the detection and control component (5) is set towards the welding platform (2). The detection and control component (5) is used to collect the spectral signal generated by the welding workpiece to obtain the material composition of the workpiece welding position and adjust the parameters of the main laser output head (33) accordingly.

2. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection and control component (5) includes a spectral acquisition probe (51), a transmission optical fiber (52), and a spectral analysis control unit (53). The spectral acquisition probe (51) is mounted on the mounting housing (31), with the detection end of the spectral acquisition probe (51) facing the welding platform (2). One end of the transmission optical fiber (52) is connected to the output end of the spectral acquisition probe (51), and the other end is connected to the spectral analysis control unit (53). The spectral analysis control unit (53) is electrically connected to the main laser output head (33).

3. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser welding assembly (3) also includes a laser coupling (32) and an auxiliary laser output head (34). The laser coupling (32) is located inside the mounting housing (31) and connected to the mounting housing (31). The main laser output head (33) and the auxiliary laser output head (34) are both mounted on the laser coupling (32). The laser coupling (32) is used to make the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head (33) coincide with the auxiliary laser beam emitted by the auxiliary laser output head (34), and then vertically downward through the laser coupling (32) and the mounting housing (31) and irradiate the welding platform (2). The main laser beam and the auxiliary laser beam have different wavelengths; the auxiliary laser output head (34) is electrically connected to the detection and control component (5), and the detection and control component (5) is used to collect the spectral signal generated by the welding workpiece and correspondingly control the parameters of the main laser output head (33) and the auxiliary laser output head (34).

4. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wavelength range of the main laser beam is 1000nm to 1100nm, and the wavelength range of the auxiliary laser beam is 400nm to 600nm.

5. An adaptive laser welding device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser welding assembly (3) also includes a secondary laser output head (35), which is disposed on the laser coupling (32); The laser coupling (32) is used to overlap the main laser beam emitted by the main laser output head (33), the auxiliary laser beam emitted by the auxiliary laser output head (34), and the secondary laser beam emitted by the secondary laser output head (35), and vertically downward through the laser coupling (32) and the mounting housing (31) to irradiate the welding platform (2). The wavelengths of the main laser beam, the auxiliary laser beam, and the secondary laser beam are all different; the secondary laser output head (35) is electrically connected to the detection and control component (5), and the detection and control component (5) is used to collect the spectral signal generated by the welding workpiece and correspondingly control the parameters of the main laser output head (33), the auxiliary laser output head (34), and the secondary laser output head (35).

6. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wavelength range of the main laser beam is 1000nm to 1100nm, the wavelength range of the auxiliary laser beam is 400nm to 500nm, and the wavelength range of the secondary laser beam is 500nm to 600nm.

7. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vision inspection component (6), which includes a high-speed CCD (61), a vision controller (63), and a display terminal (62). The high-speed CCD (61) is mounted on the mounting housing (31), with the lens of the high-speed CCD (61) facing the welding platform (2). The display terminal (62) is mounted on the working base (1), and both the high-speed CCD (61) and the display terminal (62) are electrically connected to the vision controller (63).

8. The adaptive laser welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a gas cooling assembly (8), which includes a double-layer coaxial nozzle (83). The double-layer coaxial nozzle (83) is disposed on the mounting housing (31). One end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle (83) is disposed facing the welding platform (2). The end of the double-layer coaxial nozzle (83) facing the welding platform (2) is provided with an inner layer flow channel (831) and an outer layer annular flow channel (832). The inner layer flow channel (831) is coaxially disposed inside the outer layer annular flow channel (832). The double-layer coaxial nozzle (83) is connected to a primary air supply component (81) and a secondary air supply component (82). The primary air supply component (81) is connected to the inner layer flow channel (831), and the secondary air supply component (82) is connected to the outer layer flow channel (832).

9. An adaptive laser welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration optimization component (7), which includes a vibration generator (71) and an amplitude transformer (72). The vibration generator (71) is disposed on the mounting housing (31), and the amplitude transformer (72) is located below the vibration generator (71). One end of the amplitude transformer (72) is coaxially connected to the vibration generator (71), and the other end extends downward toward the welding platform (2).

10. A laser welding production line, characterized in that, include: Automatic feeding assembly (100); Connecting transfer components (200); An adaptive laser welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9; Automatic feeding assembly (300); The automatic feeding component (100), the connecting and transferring component (200), the welding platform (2), and the automatic unloading component (300) are all disposed on the working base (1). The automatic feeding component (100), the welding platform (2), and the automatic unloading component (300) are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length direction of the working base (1). The connecting and transferring component (200) is used to transfer workpieces between the automatic feeding component (100) and the welding platform (2) and between the welding platform (2) and the automatic unloading component (300).

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