Frequency control method and device of power system, storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a frequency control method and device of a power system, a storage medium and electronic equipment. Under the condition that the power system is disturbed, a first power adjusting quantity is determined according to the first frequency and the second frequency, and the first power adjusting quantity is used for indicating an active power change value of energy storage equipment included in the power system; calculating electrical distances corresponding to the disturbance point and a plurality of synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculating a second power regulation quantity corresponding to the first synchronous machine according to the first power regulation quantity, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronous machines and a first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine; and determining respective corresponding capacities of a plurality of energy storage devices in the first electrical partition to which the first synchronous machine belongs, distributing the second power regulation quantity according to the respective corresponding capacities of the plurality of energy storage devices, and determining respective corresponding third power regulation quantities of the plurality of energy storage devices. The requirements of a dynamically changing power system are met, and the technical problem that the safety of the power system is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system technology, and more specifically, to a frequency control method and apparatus, storage medium and electronic equipment for a power system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of smart grids, energy storage systems, including battery storage and pumped hydro storage, are increasingly being introduced into power systems. Due to their rapid response characteristics, energy storage systems are considered ideal tools to compensate for shortcomings in frequency control and enhance system flexibility. They can not only quickly release or absorb electrical energy, but also provide immediate power support when grid disturbances occur, contributing to frequency stabilization.

[0003] However, in complex configurations involving multiple synchronous generators and energy storage devices, accurately calculating the power control amount each energy storage device should handle to achieve optimal frequency control remains a major challenge in existing technologies. Simple average allocation or static weight allocation methods often fail to meet the dynamically changing demands of the power system, potentially leading to frequency control failure or over-control, thus affecting grid security. In other words, existing technologies suffer from a low level of power system security. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a frequency control method and device, storage medium and electronic device for power systems, which can meet the needs of dynamically changing power systems and solve the technical problem of low security in existing power systems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a frequency control method for a power system is provided, comprising: determining a first power regulation amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency when a disturbance occurs in the power system, wherein the first frequency indicates the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency indicates the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount indicates the change in active power of energy storage devices included in the power system; calculating the electrical distances between the disturbance point and each of a plurality of synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculating a second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronous machines, and a first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine, wherein the first synchronous machine is any one of the plurality of synchronous machines; determining the capacity corresponding to each of a plurality of energy storage devices within a first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs, and allocating the second power regulation amount according to the capacity corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices, and determining a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices.

[0006] Optionally, calculating the second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronizer based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronizers, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronizer includes: determining the inertia constants corresponding to the plurality of synchronizers, and determining the ratio of the inertia constant to the electrical distance for each synchronizer as the electrical strength value for each synchronizer, wherein the electrical strength value is used to indicate the effective propagation strength of the inertia support capability of the synchronizer on the electrical network; determining the sum of the electrical strength values ​​for each synchronizer as the strength value sum, and determining the ratio of the first constant to the first distance for the first synchronizer as the first strength value; and determining the second power regulation amount by multiplying the ratio of the first strength value to the strength value sum and the first power regulation amount.

[0007] Optionally, calculating the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronizers included in the power system includes one of the following: obtaining a first distance by subtracting a third impedance from the sum of a first impedance and a second impedance, wherein the first impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the disturbance point, the second impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the first synchronizer, and the third impedance is used to indicate the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; calculating the first distance based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; obtaining a first reference distance by subtracting the third impedance from the sum of the first impedance and the second impedance; calculating a second reference distance based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; determining the third reference distance as the ratio of the current load to the remaining capacity margin of the line to which the disturbance point and the first synchronizer belong; and obtaining the first distance by weighted summation of the first reference distance, the second reference distance, and the third reference distance.

[0008] Optionally, the second power regulation amount is allocated according to the respective capacity of the multiple energy storage devices to determine the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices, including: calculating the sum of the respective capacities of the multiple energy storage devices as the first capacity sum, and determining the ratio of the respective capacities of the multiple energy storage devices to the first capacity sum and the product of the second power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0009] Optionally, the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices to the first sum of capacities and the second power regulation amount is determined as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices, including: dividing the second power regulation amount into a first sub-power regulation amount and a second sub-power regulation amount according to high and low frequencies, wherein the first sub-power regulation amount is used to indicate high-frequency components and the second sub-power regulation amount is used to indicate low-frequency components; calculating the sum of the capacities of at least one first energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as the second sum of capacities, and determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of at least one first energy storage device to the second sum of capacities and the first sub-power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device; calculating the sum of the capacities of at least one second energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as the third sum of capacities, and determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of at least one second energy storage device to the third sum of capacities and the second sub-power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage device.

[0010] Optionally, after determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices to the sum of the first capacities and the second power adjustment amount as the third power adjustment amount for each of the multiple energy storage devices, the method includes: in a first time period, at least one first energy storage device performs power adjustment according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device; in a second time period, at least one second energy storage device performs power adjustment according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage device; and when the first frequency and the second frequency of the power system meet preset conditions, controlling at least one second energy storage device to adjust power to at least one first energy storage device.

[0011] Optionally, before determining the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, the process includes: determining the electrical distance between the multiple energy storage devices included in the power system and each synchronizer, and assigning the energy storage devices to the electrical zone to which the synchronizer with the smallest electrical distance from the energy storage devices belongs.

[0012] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a frequency control device for a power system is also provided, comprising: a first determining module, configured to determine a first power regulation amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency when a disturbance occurs in the power system, wherein the first frequency is used to indicate the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency is used to indicate the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount is used to indicate the change in active power of energy storage devices included in the power system; a first calculating module, configured to calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the plurality of synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculate a second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine, wherein the first synchronous machine is any one of the plurality of synchronous machines; and a first adjusting module, configured to determine the capacity corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices within a first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs, allocate the second power regulation amount according to the capacity corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices, and determine a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is also provided, the computer program product comprising: a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described frequency control method for a power system.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is also provided, the electronic device including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the above-described frequency control method for a power system through the computer program.

[0015] Applying the technical solution of this invention, in the event of a disturbance in the power system, a first power regulation amount is determined based on a first frequency and a second frequency. The first frequency indicates the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency indicates the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount indicates the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system. The electrical distances between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system are calculated. A second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine is calculated based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances of the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine. The first synchronous machine can be any one of the multiple synchronous machines. The capacities of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs are determined, and the second power regulation amount is allocated according to the capacities of the multiple energy storage devices. Finally, a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices is determined. Calculating the electrical distances between the disturbance point and the multiple synchronous machines in the power system identifies which synchronous machines are closer to the disturbance source, providing a geographical or electrical reference for subsequent power regulation. By quantifying electrical distance, power regulation can be preferentially allocated to synchronous machines closer to the disturbance point. This maximizes control effectiveness because closer synchronous machines respond faster to disturbances and have a greater regulatory impact. By accurately identifying disturbances and rationally allocating power regulation tasks to synchronous machines and energy storage devices, frequency deviations can be quickly corrected, optimizing the resource utilization efficiency of the power system and enhancing its stability and resilience in the face of disturbances. This can meet the dynamically changing demands of the power system and thus address the technical problem of low security in existing power systems. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an optional frequency control method for a power system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional electrical partition according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional frequency control device for a power system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] According to an embodiment of this application, a frequency control method for a power system is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a frequency control method for a power system according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S102: In the event of a disturbance in the power system, a first power regulation amount is determined based on a first frequency and a second frequency, wherein the first frequency is used to indicate the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency is used to indicate the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount is used to indicate the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system.

[0027] It should be noted that the first frequency refers to the actual frequency of the power system when a disturbance occurs, i.e., the instantaneous frequency reading after the system is disturbed. The second frequency can indicate the standard frequency, usually around 50Hz or 60Hz. This is the ideal frequency value for power system design and operation, ensuring that all equipment in the system can function normally. The first power regulation is the adjustment of active power through means such as energy storage devices to bring the system frequency back to near the standard value when the power system frequency deviates from the standard frequency. Specifically, the first power regulation refers to the change in active power that the energy storage device should adjust, i.e., the amount of power absorbed or emitted.

[0028] When a power system is disturbed, its frequency may deviate from its standard value, leading to a decline in grid stability and power quality. By monitoring the difference between the first and second frequencies of the power system in real time, the degree of frequency deviation can be quantified. Based on this deviation, the process of determining the first power regulation is actually part of a closed-loop control mechanism designed to quickly compensate for the frequency deviation. This is achieved by activating the rapid response capability of energy storage devices to adjust excess or insufficient active power in the system, thereby accelerating the frequency recovery to the standard value and maintaining the stable operation of the power system.

[0029] In an optional implementation, frequency monitoring devices are installed at multiple key nodes of the power system to collect system frequency data in real time. This data is used to calculate a first frequency. A frequency deviation threshold is set; when the monitored first frequency deviates from a second frequency by more than this threshold, a control response is triggered. Based on the magnitude and direction of the frequency deviation, the total power to be adjusted, i.e., the first power regulation amount, is determined through predefined control logic or a dynamic calculation model. This step may also involve consideration of the frequency change rate to ensure a more accurate regulation amount. Based on the calculated first power regulation amount, the system controller sends adjustment commands to the energy storage devices, requiring them to absorb or emit the corresponding power within a specified time. This operation may be implemented through a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system or a similar automated control system. Upon receiving the command, the energy storage devices immediately adjust their charging and discharging states to achieve the specified power regulation amount. Modern energy storage devices typically have fast response characteristics; for example, lithium-ion battery energy storage systems can react within milliseconds, which helps to quickly stabilize the system frequency.

[0030] Step S104: Calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculate the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine, wherein the first synchronous machine is any one of the multiple synchronous machines;

[0031] It should be noted that the disturbance point refers to the location in the power system where a frequency disturbance occurs, typically the location of a sudden load change, generator unit failure, or other event that causes system frequency instability. Electrical distance, in power system analysis, is an indicator of the circuit impedance or transmission characteristic strength between one point (such as the disturbance point) and another point (such as a synchronous machine). It reflects the ease of electrical signal or energy transmission between two points and is usually related to physical distance, but focuses more on the electrical properties of the circuit. The second power regulation is specific to the first synchronous machine and is a portion of the power change value allocated to the synchronous machine closest to the disturbance point, decomposed from the first power regulation. It considers both electrical distance and the characteristics of the synchronous machine, aiming to optimize the effect of frequency control. In a power system composed of multiple synchronous machines, the first synchronous machine is a specific one, and its second power regulation will be determined based on factors such as its electrical distance from the disturbance point.

[0032] First, based on the location of the disturbance point, the electrical distances from all synchronizers to that point are calculated, forming a spatial distance matrix. Then, based on the magnitude of the first power adjustment, combined with the electrical distance of each synchronizer and its inherent characteristics (such as inertia), the second power adjustment of the first synchronizer is determined. This process essentially seeks the most economical and efficient power adjustment scheme to ensure that the system frequency can quickly return to normal after the disturbance, while minimizing interference to other parts of the system.

[0033] In an optional implementation, the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each synchronizer can be calculated based on a power system model. This typically involves analyzing the impedance of each circuit path, taking into account electrical parameters such as resistance, reactance, and capacitance of components in the circuit (e.g., lines, transformers). Based on the first power regulation, the electrical distance matrix, and the inertia of each synchronizer, a second power regulation for the first synchronizer is calculated. The algorithm may be based on optimization theory, such as linear programming, integer programming, or more complex nonlinear optimization methods, to ensure that the allocation of power regulation can both quickly correct frequency deviations and balance the use of system resources, avoiding overload. Power system monitoring equipment, such as SCADA systems (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units), is used to collect frequency data from the disturbance point, state data of each synchronizer (e.g., power, voltage, current), and real-time parameters of the electrical network in real time. Through data analysis, the calculated electrical distance is continuously updated to ensure that the control strategy remains optimal even when the system state changes. Once the second power regulation value is calculated, the control system should immediately generate a corresponding control command and send it to the first synchronizer via the communication network, instructing it to adjust the active power output and execute the power regulation task. This process requires the control system to have high-speed data processing capabilities and a reliable communication link to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the control commands.

[0034] Step S106: Determine the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices in the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, allocate the second power regulation amount according to the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices, and determine the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0035] It should be noted that the first electrical zone refers to a region within a power system, defined by the electrical characteristics and geographical location of the grid connections. Synchronous machines and energy storage devices within this region are electrically closely interconnected, enabling more efficient power exchange and control operations. The capacity of an energy storage device refers to the maximum electrical energy or power level that the device can store and release. In a power system, this is a key indicator for measuring the availability and control potential of energy storage devices. The third power regulation is the power regulation amount allocated proportionally or optimally to each of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone where the first synchronous machine is located; this is a control command specific to each energy storage device.

[0036] In an optional implementation, real-time capacity data of all energy storage devices within the first electrical zone is acquired, including key information such as maximum charging / discharging power, remaining capacity, and charging / discharging status. This information can be obtained in real time through a SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System), EMS (Energy Management System), or other smart grid monitoring platforms. Based on the capacity information of the energy storage devices, the current available power of each device is assessed. This step needs to consider the safe operating limits of the devices to avoid exceeding their charging / discharging capabilities, while also considering the efficiency and response speed of the devices, prioritizing those with higher efficiency and faster response. The calculated second power regulation amount needs to be reasonably allocated according to the available capacity of each energy storage device within the first electrical zone. Various allocation strategies can be adopted, such as allocating the second power regulation amount proportionally based on the ratio of the maximum charging / discharging power of each energy storage device to the total capacity. This is a relatively simple allocation method. Using mathematical optimization algorithms (such as linear programming, genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, etc.), the optimal power allocation scheme is found by comprehensively considering factors such as the charging / discharging efficiency, response time, and current capacity status of each energy storage device, with the goal of minimizing control costs or maximizing control effects. The determined third power regulation amount (i.e., the power regulation amount allocated to each energy storage device) is sent to the corresponding energy storage device controller via the communication network to guide its charging and discharging operations. Simultaneously, a feedback mechanism needs to be established to monitor the execution status of the energy storage devices and the frequency changes of the power system in real time, so as to adjust the control strategy as needed. Throughout the control process, based on the actual improvement of the power system frequency and the operating status of the energy storage devices, the power allocation strategy can be adjusted and optimized in real time to achieve a more ideal control effect.

[0037] Applying the technical solution of this invention, in the event of a disturbance in the power system, a first power regulation amount is determined based on a first frequency and a second frequency. The first frequency indicates the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency indicates the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount indicates the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system. The electrical distances between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system are calculated. A second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine is calculated based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances of the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine. The first synchronous machine can be any one of the multiple synchronous machines. The capacities of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs are determined, and the second power regulation amount is allocated according to the capacities of the multiple energy storage devices. Finally, a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices is determined. Calculating the electrical distances between the disturbance point and the multiple synchronous machines in the power system identifies which synchronous machines are closer to the disturbance source, providing a geographical or electrical reference for subsequent power regulation. By quantifying electrical distance, power regulation can be preferentially allocated to synchronous machines closer to the disturbance point. This maximizes control effectiveness because closer synchronous machines respond faster to disturbances and have a greater regulatory impact. By accurately identifying disturbances and rationally allocating power regulation tasks to synchronous machines and energy storage devices, frequency deviations can be quickly corrected, optimizing the resource utilization efficiency of the power system and enhancing its stability and resilience in the face of disturbances. This can meet the dynamically changing demands of the power system and thus address the technical problem of low security in existing power systems.

[0038] In an optional implementation, calculating the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronizer based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronizers, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronizer includes: determining the inertia constants corresponding to the plurality of synchronizers, and determining the ratio of the inertia constant to the electrical distance for each synchronizer as the electrical strength value for each synchronizer, wherein the electrical strength value is used to indicate the effective propagation strength of the inertia support capability of the synchronizer on the electrical network; determining the sum of the electrical strength values ​​for each synchronizer as the strength value sum, and determining the ratio of the first constant to the first distance for the first synchronizer as the first strength value; and determining the second power adjustment amount by multiplying the ratio of the first strength value to the strength value sum and the first power adjustment amount.

[0039] It should be noted that the inertia constant (H) can reflect the synchronous machine's ability to resist frequency changes. Generally, a larger inertia constant means that the synchronous machine can maintain its output power for a longer period of time when facing frequency disturbances, thus helping the system stabilize the frequency. The electrical strength value can be a quantitative indicator that links the synchronous machine's inertia constant to its electrical distance to the disturbance point. It describes the effective propagation strength of the synchronous machine's inertia support capability on the network. This step, by calculating the electrical strength value, can more intuitively reflect which synchronous machines are more suitable to participate in frequency control. The sum of strength values ​​can be the sum of the electrical strength values ​​of all synchronous machines, used as a reference value in subsequent proportional allocation calculations. The first strength value is for the first synchronous machine, and the result of calculating the ratio of its inertia constant to the electrical distance to the disturbance point reflects the relative strength of the first synchronous machine's inertia support role in the network. The second power regulation is the specific power regulation amount allocated to the first synchronous machine to respond to system frequency disturbances. It is calculated by multiplying the first power regulation amount by the first strength value of the first synchronous machine relative to the sum of the strength values ​​of the entire system.

[0040] First, by calculating the electrical strength values, the relative positions of each synchronizer in the network and its response capability to frequency changes are identified. Next, by calculating the sum of the strength values ​​and the first strength value of the first synchronizer, the proportion of its inertia support role in the network is determined. Finally, using the ratio of the first strength value of the first synchronizer to the sum of the strength values, a first power regulation amount is proportionally allocated to obtain the second power regulation amount of the first synchronizer, thereby guiding its specific actions in frequency control.

[0041] In an optional implementation, the inertia constant (H) of the synchronizing machines in the power system is collected. This is typically an inherent parameter provided by the equipment manufacturer, but can also be obtained through field testing. Using a power system model, the electrical distance from each synchronizing machine to the disturbance point is calculated. This step requires complex network analysis based on the grid topology and component parameters. The collected inertia constant and electrical distance are input into a specially designed calculation module for subsequent calculations of electrical strength values ​​and their sum. For each synchronizing machine i, its electrical strength value is calculated as: H i / D i H i D is the inertia constant of the i-th synchronous machine. i It is its electrical distance from the disturbance point. Calculate the sum of the electrical strength values ​​of all synchronizers. The second power adjustment amount is allocated to the first synchronizer based on the ratio of the first intensity value to the sum of the intensity values:

[0042]

[0043] in, This is the first power adjustment amount, which is the total power adjustment amount that needs to be performed.

[0044] Through this precise calculation based on inertia and electrical distance, the emergency control strategy of the power system can better cope with various disturbances, achieve rapid frequency stabilization by accurately locating and effectively allocating power regulation, and protect the overall safety and stable operation of the power system.

[0045] In an optional implementation, the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronizers included in the power system is calculated, including one of the following:

[0046] 1) Subtract the third impedance from the sum of the first impedance and the second impedance to obtain the first distance, wherein the first impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the disturbance point, the second impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the first synchronizer, and the third impedance is used to indicate the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer.

[0047] 2) The first distance is calculated based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer;

[0048] 3) Subtract the third impedance from the sum of the first impedance and the second impedance to obtain the first reference distance; calculate the second reference distance based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; determine the third reference distance as the ratio of the current load to the remaining capacity margin of the line to which the disturbance point and the first synchronizer belong; and obtain the first distance by weighted summation of the first reference distance, the second reference distance, and the third reference distance.

[0049] It should be noted that the first impedance can be the self-impedance of the disturbance point, reflecting the degree to which the disturbance point itself impedes the flow of electricity. The second impedance can be the self-impedance of the first synchronizer, representing the natural impediment of the first synchronizer to the flow of electricity within the power system, typically including the electrical characteristics of the first synchronizer itself and the grid portion directly connected to it. The third impedance indicates the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; it is an indicator of the strength of the electrical coupling between them, reflecting the ease with which electricity is transmitted from the disturbance point to the first synchronizer or vice versa. The voltage magnitude ratio can be the relative magnitude of the voltage levels between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and is a way to assess the strength of their electrical connection. The phase angle difference can be the difference in voltage phase between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, reflecting the misalignment in the direction and time of the power flow.

[0050] In optional implementations, calculating the electrical distance is a crucial step in frequency emergency refined control strategies. It reflects the internal electrical characteristics of the power system through mathematical models, providing a scientific basis for dispatching and control decisions. The choice of different methods depends on the specific application scenario, data availability, and computational resource limitations. The first method directly obtains the electrical distance through impedance calculation, suitable for situations where the power grid structure is clear and impedance data is complete; the second method incorporates information on voltage amplitude and phase angle, enabling a more comprehensive reflection of electrical characteristics; the third method combines the power grid's load conditions, suitable for the needs of dynamic load management.

[0051] In an optional implementation, the topology information of the power grid and the electrical parameters of each component (line, transformer, generator, etc.), including impedance, capacitive reactance, and admittance, are extracted from the power system database. For the first and second impedances, the self-impedances of the disturbance point and the first synchronizer can be calculated using circuit theory. The calculation of the third impedance requires consideration of the connecting lines or components between the two, using the power grid's network matrix and relevant algorithms (such as the loop current method or the node voltage method) to obtain the mutual impedance value. Accurate voltage amplitude and phase angle information between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer are obtained using real-time monitoring equipment of the power system; this data is crucial for calculating the electrical distance in the second and third methods.

[0052] Electrical distance calculation:

[0053] The first distance is obtained by subtracting the third impedance from the sum of the first and second impedances. =|Z ii +Z jj -2Z ij |.

[0054] The first distance is calculated based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer. .in, Used to indicate the ratio of node voltage magnitudes, reflecting the strength of voltage support. Used to indicate the rate of change of phase angle, reflecting the dynamic oscillation of the system. Used to indicate a time constant (e.g., between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds).

[0055] The first reference distance is obtained by subtracting the third impedance from the sum of the first and second impedances; the second reference distance is calculated based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; the third reference distance is determined by the ratio of the current load to the remaining capacity margin of the lines to which the disturbance point and the first synchronizer belong; the first reference distance is obtained by weighted summation of the first, second, and third reference distances.

[0056]

[0057] in, This indicates the load rate penalty for all lines on the indicated path. When any line approaches full load (>80%), the distance increases sharply to automatically avoid overload risks. The weighting coefficient α+β+γ=1 can be adjusted according to operational needs (e.g., increasing γ to 0.5 under heavy load).

[0058] The calculated electrical distance is applied to the next step of power regulation allocation as one of the bases for determining how power is transferred from the energy storage device to the synchronizing machine, or vice versa.

[0059] In this way, the calculation of electrical distance not only considers the static impedance characteristics, but also incorporates dynamic voltage, phase and load information, making power allocation decisions closer to the actual operating conditions of the power system, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of frequency control strategies.

[0060] In an optional implementation, the second power regulation amount is allocated according to the respective capacity of the multiple energy storage devices, and the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices is determined, including: calculating the sum of the respective capacities of the multiple energy storage devices as the first capacity sum, and determining the ratio of the respective capacities of the multiple energy storage devices to the first capacity sum and the product of the second power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0061] It should be noted that the first capacity and (ΣS) can be the sum of the total capacity of multiple energy storage devices, and is the basic reference value for calculating the power regulation allocation of each energy storage device.

[0062] In an optional implementation, the capacities of all energy storage devices in the system are obtained, ensuring that this data is up-to-date and accurate. The capacities of all energy storage devices are summed to calculate a first capacity sum. The second power regulation required by the first synchronizer is calculated based on the frequency response strategy. For each energy storage device j of the first synchronizer i, calculate its relative capacity ratio S. j / ΣS, then multiply this ratio by the second power regulation amount to obtain the power regulation amount that device j should undertake:

[0063]

[0064] Based on the calculation results, specific power regulation commands are issued to each energy storage device, requiring it to adjust its charging and discharging state within a specified time to meet the requirements of the third power regulation amount. While the energy storage devices are performing power regulation, the system frequency recovery is continuously monitored, and the control strategy is adjusted as necessary to ensure that the frequency remains stable within the target range.

[0065] Through the steps described above, it can be seen that each energy storage device is rationally assigned power regulation tasks according to its capacity. This not only effectively addresses system frequency disturbances but also maximizes the utilization of the total storage capacity of the energy storage devices in the system, improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of frequency control. Simultaneously, this method provides clear execution guidelines for the automated control of power systems, facilitating rapid response through smart grid control systems in practical operations.

[0066] In an optional implementation, the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices to the first sum of capacities and the second power regulation amount is determined as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices. This includes: dividing the second power regulation amount into a first sub-power regulation amount and a second sub-power regulation amount according to high and low frequencies, wherein the first sub-power regulation amount is used to indicate high-frequency components and the second sub-power regulation amount is used to indicate low-frequency components; calculating the sum of the capacities of at least one first energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as the second sum of capacities, and determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of at least one first energy storage device to the second sum of capacities and the first sub-power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device; calculating the sum of the capacities of at least one second energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as the third sum of capacities, and determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of at least one second energy storage device to the third sum of capacities and the second sub-power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage device.

[0067] It should be noted that the first sub-power regulation quantity can be the portion of the second power regulation quantity used for high-frequency response. High-frequency components typically require rapid power regulation to prevent large fluctuations in system frequency. The second sub-power regulation quantity is the portion of the second power regulation quantity used for low-frequency response. Low-frequency component regulation focuses more on long-term stability and energy balance. The second capacity sum is the sum of the capacities of the energy storage devices related to high-frequency response (i.e., the first energy storage device), used to calculate power distribution under high-frequency response. The third capacity sum is the sum of the capacities of the energy storage devices related to low-frequency response (i.e., the second energy storage device), used to optimize power distribution under low-frequency response.

[0068] If power is allocated proportionally based on capacity, lithium batteries are forced to respond to high-frequency power fluctuations, leading to a sharp reduction in cycle life, while the advantages of supercapacitors are not fully realized. Therefore, it is necessary to fairly and reasonably allocate power regulation tasks to each energy storage device based on its relative capacity and total power regulation requirements. By calculating the proportional product, it is ensured that larger-capacity devices undertake more regulation tasks, while smaller-capacity devices share the load appropriately according to their capabilities. In distinguishing between the rapid response and continuous regulation requirements in frequency control, high-frequency components typically require instantaneous large power changes, while low-frequency components focus on system power balance over longer periods.

[0069] In an optional implementation, the capacities of all energy storage devices are aggregated to obtain a first capacity sum. Next, based on the nature of the frequency disturbance, the calculated second power regulation is decomposed into its high-frequency and low-frequency components, namely the first sub-power regulation and the second sub-power regulation. Energy storage devices suitable for rapid response to frequency changes (first energy storage devices) are selected, and their capacities are aggregated to obtain a second capacity sum. Energy storage devices suitable for long-term power balance regulation (second energy storage devices) are identified, and their capacities are statistically analyzed to obtain a third capacity sum. For the first energy storage device, its capacity ratio is calculated, and then the first sub-power regulation is calculated. For the second energy storage device, its capacity ratio is calculated first, and then the second sub-power regulation is determined. The third power regulation is sent to the corresponding energy storage device to guide its charging and discharging operations. Simultaneously, a feedback mechanism is established to monitor frequency changes and the charging and discharging status of the energy storage devices in real time, adjusting the power allocation strategy as necessary. The high-frequency component characteristics are: frequency > 0.1 Hz, small amplitude, rapid fluctuation, and duration < 2 seconds; the low-frequency component characteristics are: frequency ≤ 0.1 Hz, large amplitude, stable trend, and duration ≥ 2 seconds. The first energy storage device can be a supercapacitor, and the second energy storage device can be a lithium battery.

[0070] Through this power allocation strategy, the power system can fully utilize the characteristics of different energy storage devices to efficiently and accurately respond to frequency disturbances. High-frequency response devices focus on rapid power changes to suppress sharp frequency fluctuations, while low-frequency response devices are dedicated to long-term power balance, ensuring the sustainability and stability of the system. This refined control method not only improves the efficiency of frequency control but also extends the lifespan of energy storage devices and reduces the overall operating cost of the system.

[0071] In an optional implementation, after determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices to the sum of the first capacities and the second power adjustment amount as the third power adjustment amount for each of the multiple energy storage devices, the method includes: in a first time period, at least one first energy storage device performs power adjustment according to the third power adjustment amount for each of the at least one first energy storage device; in a second time period, at least one second energy storage device performs power adjustment according to the third power adjustment amount for each of the at least one second energy storage device; and when the first frequency and the second frequency of the power system meet preset conditions, controlling at least one second energy storage device to adjust power to at least one first energy storage device.

[0072] It should be noted that the first time period is the initial phase after the frequency emergency control is initiated. During this phase, the energy storage device with high-frequency response characteristics (the first energy storage device) primarily adjusts the power to quickly suppress sudden frequency changes or fluctuations. The second time period follows immediately after the first. Based on the initial frequency stabilization, the energy storage device with low-frequency response capabilities (the second energy storage device) begins to function, performing more sustained power adjustments to maintain long-term frequency stability. Preset conditions typically involve two aspects: first, the frequency deviation (the difference between the first frequency and the target frequency) reaches an allowable stable range; second, the rate of change of frequency (df / dt, i.e., the trend of the second frequency change) is under control. These preset conditions are set to ensure that the system can smoothly transition to a phase of fine control relying on the second energy storage device after the rapid response phase. Power adjustment during the second time period involves the system potentially adjusting the power exchange between the device previously involved in high-frequency response (the first energy storage device) and the device now primarily performing low-frequency response (the second energy storage device) to optimize the overall energy utilization and frequency control performance of the system. This could include the first energy storage device transferring excess power to the second energy storage device, or the second energy storage device supplementing the energy shortage of the first energy storage device.

[0073] In an optional implementation, the first stage involves a supercapacitor fast response (0-200ms), executed immediately upon the occurrence of a disturbance, without waiting for the low-frequency component calculation to complete. The duration can be fixed at 200ms, covering the period of maximum frequency change. After 200ms, the power command is automatically reset to zero, and the lithium battery takes over.

[0074] Second stage: The lithium battery continues to support the system (200ms - steady state). After the supercapacitor exits, it receives low-frequency component commands until the frequency deviation returns to the dead zone (|Δf|<0.05Hz).

[0075] The third stage: supercapacitor energy feedback (after frequency recovery). After rapid discharge, the supercapacitor is reverse-charged by the lithium battery to restore its SOC. This can be done in the range of |Δf|<0.05Hz for 5 seconds, and the duration can be 30-60 seconds, restoring the supercapacitor's SOC to 50% standby state.

[0076] In an optional implementation, the duration of the first time period and the second time period are defined. The first time period is typically shorter, focusing on rapid response; the second time period is longer, responsible for subsequent frequency fine-tuning and stabilization. During the first time period, system control is primarily focused on the first energy storage device, ensuring its rapid response to frequency disturbances. Upon entering the second time period, the system relies more heavily on the second energy storage device for power adjustment, while continuously monitoring the first and second frequencies to determine if preset stability conditions are met. Once the first and second frequencies are detected to meet the preset conditions, the system controller evaluates the current state of the first and second energy storage devices (e.g., remaining capacity, charge / discharge status), and determines, based on optimization algorithms (e.g., dynamic programming, fuzzy logic control), whether and how to perform power adjustment between the two groups of devices to achieve optimal energy efficiency and frequency control performance.

[0077] In one example, suppose the power system encounters a frequency disturbance at a certain moment, and the system goal is to stabilize the frequency from 49.5Hz to 50Hz. The system is equipped with two types of energy storage devices: the first type (A, B, C) has fast response characteristics and is mainly used for initial frequency stabilization; the second type (D, E) excels at long-term frequency maintenance. The system calculates a total power regulation of 100MW and allocates it to the first type of energy storage devices in the first time period (the first 5 seconds) and to the second type in the second time period (the next 30 seconds). The first type of energy storage devices A, B, and C quickly start up, performing charging and discharging operations according to their respective third power regulation amounts, initially raising the system frequency to around 50Hz. With the frequency initially stabilized, the second type of energy storage devices D and E begin to make more precise power adjustments according to their allocated third power regulation amounts to cope with minor frequency changes and maintain long-term stability. The system continuously monitors the first frequency (current frequency) and the second frequency (target frequency). When the deviation between the first and second frequencies is less than ±0.02Hz and the frequency change rate is less than 0.005Hz / s, the system controller assesses that the first energy storage device C has a high remaining capacity, while the second energy storage device D is close to full load. Therefore, the control strategy determines that during the second time period, C will supply some power to D. This optimizes the energy state of C and alleviates the high load on D, ultimately enhancing the overall frequency control capability of the system.

[0078] Through the above implementation methods and examples, it can be seen that by using refined time management and control strategies, the power system can effectively utilize the characteristics of different types of energy storage devices to achieve rapid frequency recovery and long-term stability, thereby ensuring grid security and improving energy utilization.

[0079] In an optional implementation, before determining the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices in the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, the method includes: determining the electrical distance between the multiple energy storage devices included in the power system and each synchronizer, and assigning the energy storage devices to the electrical zone to which the synchronizer with the smallest electrical distance to the energy storage devices belongs.

[0080] It should be noted that the first electrical zone can be a region within the power system that is divided based on the grid structure and electrical characteristics, in which the synchronous machines and energy storage devices are electrically interconnected, facilitating regional-level power regulation and control coordination.

[0081] Before determining the specific capacity of each energy storage device within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, it is necessary to first calculate the electrical distance and rationally allocate the energy storage devices to the synchronizers with which they are most closely electrically connected, thus forming each electrical zone. This approach aims to optimize the frequency control strategy, enabling the energy storage devices to respond to the power demands of the synchronizers on the shortest electrical path and improving control efficiency.

[0082] In an alternative implementation, the electrical distance between the energy storage device and each synchronizer is calculated based on a power system model. This typically involves analyzing the impedance, reactance, and transmission losses along the circuit path from the energy storage device to each synchronizer. Based on the calculated electrical distance, the energy storage device is assigned to the electrical zone containing the synchronizer with the shortest electrical distance. A threshold can be set or a clustering algorithm can be used to ensure that the energy storage device efficiently serves the nearest synchronizer, avoiding losses and response delays associated with long-distance power transmission across zones.

[0083] Based on the classification of energy storage devices, a specific frequency emergency control strategy is designed, clarifying the power regulation rules and objectives for energy storage devices within each electrical zone. In the event of a frequency disturbance, the control center, according to the pre-defined strategy, sends power regulation commands to the energy storage devices in the relevant electrical zones, requiring them to adjust their charging and discharging states within a specified time to achieve frequency stability. After power regulation is implemented, frequency changes and the operating status of the energy storage devices are continuously monitored, feedback data is collected, the control effect is evaluated, and the control strategy is adjusted as necessary.

[0084] In one example, in a power system with multiple synchronous machines and energy storage devices, assume there are 5 synchronous machines and 10 energy storage devices, labeled M1 to M5, and E1 to E10. Collect the location, type, capacity, and electrical parameters of all synchronous machines and energy storage devices. Construct a power system model, including the connections between synchronous machines, lines, transformers, and energy storage devices. For each energy storage device, use the model to calculate its electrical distance to all synchronous machines. Find the minimum electrical distance between each energy storage device and a synchronous machine, such as the minimum electrical distance between E1 and M1. Assign the energy storage devices to the electrical zone belonging to the synchronous machine with the minimum electrical distance, for example, the zone from E1 to M1.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional electrical partition according to an embodiment of this application; as shown Figure 2 As shown, the synchronous generators are labeled M1 to M5, and the energy storage devices are labeled E1 to E10. Figure 2 The actual circuit connections between the synchronizing machines and energy storage devices are not shown; they are only used to illustrate the relationship between electrical distance and electrical zones. The positions of synchronizing machines M1 to M5 and energy storage devices E1 to E10 in the diagram are proportional to their electrical distances. Therefore, through… Figure 2 As can be seen, energy storage devices E1 to E3 are assigned to partition M1, E4 and E5 to partition M2, and so on, until all energy storage devices are allocated. When the system detects a frequency disturbance, a second power regulation is calculated based on the frequency response requirements of each of M1 to M5. In partition M1, the total capacity of E1 to E3 is calculated, and then allocated according to the capacity ratio of each energy storage device. In partition M2, E4 and E5 are allocated similarly. The control center continuously monitors frequency changes and collects operational data from the energy storage devices to ensure that the frequency control target is achieved.

[0086] By pre-calculating the electrical distance between the energy storage device and the synchronous machine, and dividing the electrical zones accordingly, the power system can quickly and accurately issue power regulation commands to the most suitable energy storage device when frequency disturbances occur, thereby achieving rapid frequency stabilization. This also reduces the pressure of cross-regional power transmission and improves overall control efficiency and economic benefits.

[0087] It should be noted that the first power adjustment amount can be calculated using: Δp = k1·Δf + k2·df / dt. Δf can be the frequency deviation, equal to the measured frequency f minus the standard frequency (50Hz). df / dt can be the frequency change rate, representing the rate of frequency change over time; it is a real-time indicator of frequency stability and is crucial for identifying the severity of frequency disturbances and predicting future frequency change trends. Δp, the total emergency frequency control amount, refers to the total power adjustment required in response to frequency disturbances, aiming to restore the disturbed grid frequency to its normal operating range by increasing or decreasing the active power in the grid. k1 and k2 are control coefficients used to weight the impact of frequency deviation and frequency change rate on the total emergency control amount. These two coefficients can be determined using various methods.

[0088] The process of obtaining k1 and k2:

[0089] Historical power system operation data is collected, including records of various frequency disturbance events such as load surges, generator trips, and line faults. For each disturbance event, the frequency deviation, frequency change rate, and power regulation amount Δp before and after the disturbance are recorded. The collected data is converted into a format suitable for machine learning model training, i.e., a dataset is constructed with input feature vectors X = [Δf, df / dt] and output labels (Y = Δp). A suitable machine learning model (such as linear regression, support vector machine, neural network, etc.) is selected, and the model is trained with X as input and Y as output to find the relationship function between Δf, df / dt, and Δp. Once the model training is complete, the model parameters can be analyzed, where k1 and k2 correspond to the weights of Δf and df / dt, respectively, i.e., the coefficient values ​​of these two features in the model. The prediction accuracy of the model is verified using an independent test dataset, and the model parameters are adjusted based on the test results until the error between the model's predicted Δp and the total amount of emergency control measures to be taken in actual application is minimized. Considering the dynamic changes in power system parameters (such as line impedance, synchronous machine inertia, system load, etc.) and the differences in power supply and demand under different seasons, day and night, and weather conditions, the values ​​of k1 and k2 need to be updated and maintained regularly to adapt to changes in the system environment.

[0090] In an optional implementation, it is assumed that data from 100 frequency disturbance events were collected from the historical operation logs of the power system, including frequency deviation Δf (Hz), frequency change rate df / dt (Hz / s), and total emergency control Δp (MW). A linear regression model is chosen to establish the relationship between Δf, df / dt, and Δp. After training, the model returns a set of parameters, where k1 and k2 have values ​​of k1 = 1200MW / Hz and k2 = 50MW / (Hz / s), respectively. An additional 20 disturbance events are used as a test set to test the model's predictive ability. By comparing the model's predicted total emergency control with the actual total emergency control implemented, the model's accuracy and applicability can be evaluated, and necessary adjustments can be made accordingly. In one frequency disturbance event, the measured frequency f = 49.8Hz, and the frequency change rate df / dt = -0.1Hz / s. The control coefficients obtained before application are: frequency deviation Δf = 49.8 - 50 = -0.2 Hz; the formula is: [Δp = k1·Δf + k2·df / dt = -245 MW]; this means that in order to stabilize the frequency, the system needs to increase the active power by 245 MW, that is, the energy storage device needs to release 245 MW of power to compensate for the frequency drop.

[0091] Traditional methods suffer from ineffective remote energy storage regulation due to coarse spatial grouping, high-frequency battery loss due to a single time scale, and response lag due to a lack of prediction. This application achieves precise local regulation through dynamic clustering of electrical distance, enables fast and slow devices to perform at their best through dual time scale decomposition, and achieves power output before disturbances arrive through AI learning. The three elements work together to generate a nonlinear acceleration effect.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] According to an embodiment of this application, a frequency control device for a power system for implementing the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 2 is also provided, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the frequency control device of the power system includes at least: a first determining module 31, a first calculating module 32, and a first adjusting module 33, wherein:

[0094] The first determining module 31 is used to determine a first power adjustment amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency when a disturbance occurs in the power system. The first frequency is used to indicate the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency is used to indicate the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power adjustment amount is used to indicate the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system.

[0095] The first calculation module 32 is used to calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system, and to calculate the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine, wherein the first synchronous machine is any one of the multiple synchronous machines;

[0096] The first adjustment module 33 is used to determine the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices in the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, and to allocate the second power adjustment amount according to the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices, and to determine the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0097] The following section describes the functions of each module of the frequency control device in a power system, using a specific implementation process as an example.

[0098] In the event of a disturbance in the power system, the first determining module determines a first power regulation amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency. The first frequency indicates the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency indicates the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount indicates the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system. The first calculation module calculates the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculates a second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances of the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine. The first regulating module determines the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs, and allocates the second power regulation amount according to the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices, thus determining a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0099] Optionally, the first calculation module is further configured to: determine the inertia constants corresponding to each of the multiple synchronizers, and determine the ratio of the inertia constant to the electrical distance of each synchronizer as the electrical strength value of each synchronizer, wherein the electrical strength value is used to indicate the effective propagation strength of the inertia support capability of the synchronizer on the electrical network; determine the sum of the electrical strength values ​​corresponding to each synchronizer as the strength value sum, and determine the ratio of the first constant to the first distance of the first synchronizer as the first strength value; and determine the second power adjustment amount by multiplying the ratio of the first strength value to the strength value sum and the first power adjustment amount.

[0100] Optionally, the first calculation module is further configured to: subtract a third impedance from the sum of a first impedance and a second impedance to obtain a first distance, wherein the first impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the disturbance point, the second impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the first synchronizer, and the third impedance is used to indicate the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; calculate the first distance based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; subtract the third impedance from the sum of the first impedance and the second impedance to obtain a first reference distance; calculate the second reference distance based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; determine the ratio of the current load to the remaining capacity margin of the line to which the disturbance point and the first synchronizer belong as the third reference distance; and perform a weighted summation of the first reference distance, the second reference distance, and the third reference distance to obtain the first distance.

[0101] Optionally, the first adjustment module is further configured to: calculate the sum of the capacities corresponding to the multiple energy storage devices as a first capacity sum, and determine the ratio of the capacity corresponding to the multiple energy storage devices to the first capacity sum and the product of the second power adjustment amount as the third power adjustment amount corresponding to the multiple energy storage devices.

[0102] Optionally, the first adjustment module is further configured to: divide the second power adjustment amount into a first sub-power adjustment amount and a second sub-power adjustment amount according to high and low frequencies, wherein the first sub-power adjustment amount is used to indicate high-frequency components and the second sub-power adjustment amount is used to indicate low-frequency components; calculate the sum of the capacities corresponding to at least one first energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as a second capacity sum, and determine the product of the ratio of the capacity corresponding to at least one first energy storage device to the second capacity sum and the first sub-power adjustment amount as a third power adjustment amount corresponding to at least one first energy storage device; calculate the sum of the capacities corresponding to at least one second energy storage device among the multiple energy storage devices as a third capacity sum, and determine the product of the ratio of the capacity corresponding to at least one second energy storage device to the third capacity sum and the second sub-power adjustment amount as a third power adjustment amount corresponding to at least one second energy storage device.

[0103] Optionally, the first adjustment module is further configured to: in a first time period, at least one first energy storage device adjusts its power according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device; in a second time period, at least one second energy storage device adjusts its power according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage device; and when the first frequency and the second frequency of the power system meet preset conditions, control at least one second energy storage device to adjust its power to at least one first energy storage device.

[0104] Optionally, the first regulating module is further configured to: determine the electrical distance between the multiple energy storage devices included in the power system and each synchronous machine, and classify the energy storage devices into the electrical zone to which the synchronous machine with the smallest electrical distance from the energy storage device belongs.

[0105] It should be noted that each module in the frequency control device of the power system in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with each implementation step of the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 1. Since Embodiment 1 has been described in detail, some details not shown in this embodiment can be referred to Embodiment 1, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] According to an embodiment of this application, a computer program product is also provided, which includes a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.

[0108] According to an embodiment of this application, a non-volatile storage medium is also provided, which includes a stored computer program, wherein the device containing the non-volatile storage medium executes the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 by running the computer program.

[0109] According to an embodiment of this application, a processor is also provided for running a computer program, wherein the computer program executes the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.

[0110] According to an embodiment of this application, an electronic device is also provided, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the frequency control method of the power system in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 through the computer program.

[0111] Specifically, when the computer program runs, it can execute the following steps: In the event of a disturbance in the power system, determine a first power regulation amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency, wherein the first frequency indicates the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency indicates the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount indicates the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system; calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system, and calculate a second power regulation amount corresponding to the first synchronous machine based on the first power regulation amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the multiple synchronous machines, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronous machine, wherein the first synchronous machine is any one of the multiple synchronous machines; determine the capacity corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronous machine belongs, allocate the second power regulation amount according to the capacity corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices, and determine a third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

[0112] As an alternative implementation, the above-mentioned electronic device may exist in the form of a mobile terminal, a computer terminal, or a similar computing device. Figure 4 A hardware block diagram of an electronic device for implementing a frequency control method for a power system is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 70 may include one or more (shown as 702a, 702b, ..., 702n) processors 702 (processors 702 may include, but are not limited to, microprocessors such as MCUs or programmable logic devices such as FPGAs), a memory 704 for storing data, and a transmission device 706 for communication functions. In addition, it may also include: a display, an input / output interface (I / O interface), a universal serial bus (USB) port (which may be included as one of the ports of a BUS bus), a network interface, a power supply, and / or a camera. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the structure of the aforementioned electronic device. For example, electronic device 70 may also include components that are more... Figure 4 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 4 The different configurations shown.

[0113] It should be noted that the aforementioned one or more processors 702 and / or other data processing circuits are generally referred to herein as "data processing circuits". These data processing circuits may be embodied, in whole or in part, in software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. Furthermore, the data processing circuits may be a single, independent processing module, or may be integrated, in whole or in part, into any other element of the electronic device 70. As involved in the embodiments of this application, the data processing circuits serve as a processor control mechanism (e.g., selection of a variable resistor termination path connected to an interface).

[0114] The memory 704 can be used to store software programs and modules for application software, such as the program instructions / data storage device corresponding to the frequency control method of the power system in this embodiment. The processor 702 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 704, thereby implementing the aforementioned vulnerability detection method for the application. The memory 704 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 704 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 702, and these remote memories can be connected to the electronic device 70 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0115] The transmission device 706 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the communication provider of the electronic device 70. In one example, the transmission device 706 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 706 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0116] The display can be, for example, a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD), which allows the user to interact with the user interface of the electronic device 70.

[0117] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0118] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0119] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0120] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0121] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0122] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0123] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A frequency control method for a power system, characterized in that, The method includes: In the event of a disturbance in the power system, a first power regulation amount is determined based on a first frequency and a second frequency, wherein the first frequency is used to indicate the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency is used to indicate the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power regulation amount is used to indicate the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system. Calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the multiple synchronizers included in the power system, and calculate the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronizer based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distances corresponding to each of the multiple synchronizers, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronizer, wherein the first synchronizer is any one of the multiple synchronizers; The capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices in the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs is determined, and the second power regulation amount is allocated according to the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices, and the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronizer based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distance corresponding to each of the plurality of synchronizers, and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronizer includes: The inertia constants corresponding to each of the plurality of synchronizers are determined, and the ratio of the inertia constant corresponding to each synchronizer to the electrical distance is determined as the electrical strength value corresponding to each synchronizer, wherein the electrical strength value is used to indicate the effective propagation strength of the inertia support capability of the synchronizer on the electrical network; The sum of the electrical strength values ​​corresponding to each of the synchronizers is determined as the strength value sum, and the ratio of the first constant of the first synchronizer to the first distance is determined as the first strength value; The second power adjustment amount is determined by multiplying the ratio of the first intensity value to the sum of the intensity values ​​with the first power adjustment amount.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculated disturbance point and the electrical distance between each of the multiple synchronous machines included in the power system include one of the following: The first distance is obtained by subtracting the third impedance from the sum of the first impedance and the second impedance, wherein the first impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the disturbance point, the second impedance is used to indicate the self-impedance of the first synchronizer, and the third impedance is used to indicate the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer. The first distance is calculated based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer. The first reference distance is obtained by subtracting the third impedance from the sum of the first and second impedances; the second reference distance is calculated based on the voltage amplitude ratio between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, the phase angle difference between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer, and the mutual impedance between the disturbance point and the first synchronizer; the third reference distance is determined by the ratio of the current load to the remaining capacity margin of the line to which the disturbance point and the first synchronizer belong; the first reference distance is obtained by weighted summation of the first reference distance, the second reference distance, and the third reference distance.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of allocating the second power regulation amount according to the respective capacities of the plurality of energy storage devices, and determining the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices, includes: The sum of the capacities of the plurality of energy storage devices is calculated as the first capacity sum, and the product of the ratio of the capacity of the plurality of energy storage devices to the first capacity sum and the second power adjustment amount is determined as the third power adjustment amount of the plurality of energy storage devices.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the plurality of energy storage devices by multiplying the ratio of the capacity of each of the plurality of energy storage devices to the sum of the first capacities and the second power regulation amount includes: The second power adjustment amount is divided into a first sub-power adjustment amount and a second sub-power adjustment amount according to high and low frequencies, wherein the first sub-power adjustment amount is used to indicate high frequency components and the second sub-power adjustment amount is used to indicate low frequency components. The sum of the capacities of at least one first energy storage device among the plurality of energy storage devices is calculated as the second sum of capacities, and the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the at least one first energy storage device to the second sum of capacities and the first sub-power regulation amount is determined as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device. The sum of the capacities of at least one second energy storage device among the plurality of energy storage devices is calculated as the third capacity sum, and the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the at least one second energy storage device to the third capacity sum and the second sub-power regulation amount is determined as the third power regulation amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage device.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining the product of the ratio of the capacity of each of the plurality of energy storage devices to the sum of the first capacities and the second power regulation amount as the third power regulation amount for each of the plurality of energy storage devices, the process includes: During the first time period, the at least one first energy storage device adjusts its power according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one first energy storage device; During the second time period, the at least one second energy storage device adjusts its power according to the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the at least one second energy storage devices; When the first frequency and the second frequency of the power system meet preset conditions, at least one second energy storage device is controlled to adjust the power to the at least one first energy storage device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Before determining the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices within the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, the following steps are included: The electrical distance between the plurality of energy storage devices included in the power system and each of the synchronous machines is determined, and the energy storage devices are assigned to the electrical zone to which the synchronous machine with the smallest electrical distance from the energy storage device belongs.

8. A frequency control device for a power system, characterized in that, The device includes: The first determining module is used to determine a first power adjustment amount based on a first frequency and a second frequency in the event of a disturbance in the power system, wherein the first frequency is used to indicate the current frequency of the power system, the second frequency is used to indicate the standard frequency of the power system, and the first power adjustment amount is used to indicate the change in active power of the energy storage devices included in the power system. The first calculation module is used to calculate the electrical distance between the disturbance point and each of the plurality of synchronizers included in the power system, and to calculate the second power adjustment amount corresponding to the first synchronizer based on the first power adjustment amount, the electrical distances corresponding to the plurality of synchronizers and the first distance corresponding to the first synchronizer, wherein the first synchronizer is any one of the plurality of synchronizers; The first adjustment module is used to determine the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices in the first electrical zone to which the first synchronizer belongs, and to allocate the second power adjustment amount according to the capacity of each of the multiple energy storage devices, and to determine the third power adjustment amount corresponding to each of the multiple energy storage devices.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, performs the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7 through the computer program.

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