High-recovery-rate titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy additives, and provides a high-recovery-rate titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloy, and the titanium additive comprises the following raw material components: sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, a fluxing agent, a surfactant and a binder; the average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 200-300 meshes; the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 80-150 meshes; the aluminum powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of aluminum powder with the average particle size of 80-120 meshes, 35-45 parts of aluminum powder with the average particle size of 180-250 meshes and 30-40 parts of aluminum powder with the average particle size of 300-350 meshes. Through the technical scheme, the problem that the recovery rate of the titanium additive is not high in the related technology is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additives for aluminum alloys, and more specifically, to a high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloys, with their lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, are widely used in aerospace, transportation, and high-end equipment manufacturing. However, the requirements for the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy materials in these fields are constantly increasing. Alloying is a key factor in controlling the chemical composition and optimizing the microstructure of aluminum alloys, thereby affecting their overall performance. Therefore, the rational selection and addition of alloying elements can significantly improve the performance of aluminum alloys.

[0003] Currently, alloying elements are mostly added to molten aluminum in the form of metal additives. Titanium, as an effective grain refiner, can effectively refine the grains of aluminum alloys after addition, improving their strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance, which is crucial for improving the overall mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum alloys. However, existing titanium additives suffer from excessively long melting times during high-temperature smelting, resulting in low titanium recovery rates. This seriously affects the precise control of aluminum alloy composition and the stability of the final product's performance. Therefore, developing a titanium additive with a high recovery rate is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention proposes a high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, which solves the problem of low recovery rate of titanium additives in related technologies.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: This invention proposes a high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys. The raw materials of the titanium additive include the following components by weight: 40-50 parts of sponge titanium powder, 40-50 parts of titanium scrap powder, 5-10 parts of aluminum powder, 3-4 parts of flux, 0.5-2.5 parts of surfactant, and 0.1-3 parts of binder. The average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 200-300 mesh; the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 80-150 mesh. By weight, the aluminum powder includes the following components: 15-35 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 80-120 mesh, 35-45 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 180-250 mesh, and 30-40 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 300-350 mesh.

[0006] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of the sponge titanium powder to the titanium shavings is 4:4~5.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the flux includes cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of cryolite to potassium fluorosilicate is 3~4:1.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the surfactant includes sorbitan tristearate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.

[0010] This invention improves the recovery rate of titanium by using a combination of sorbitan tristearate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as a surfactant. During the preparation of the titanium additive, the long-chain hydrophobic groups in the molecular structure of sorbitan tristearate can form a hydrophobic protective layer on the surface of titanium powder and aluminum powder, thereby reducing the agglomeration of titanium powder and aluminum powder during mixing and pressing, resulting in a looser structure of the pressed titanium additive. Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate further promotes the dispersibility of titanium powder and aluminum powder due to its electrostatic repulsion. After the two are combined, the steric hindrance of sorbitan tristearate and the electrostatic repulsion of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate work synergistically to improve the melting rate of the titanium additive, thereby synergistically improving the titanium recovery rate.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the mass ratio of sorbitan tristearate to sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is 7:3~4, for example, it can be 7:3, 7:3.5, or 7:4, preferably 7:3.5.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the binder is polyanionic cellulose.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the degree of substitution of the polyanionic cellulose is 0.9.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the average particle size of the flux is 40~100 mesh.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the purity of the aluminum powder is 98wt%.

[0016] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention improves the recovery rate of titanium additives by adding sponge titanium powder and titanium scrap as raw materials for titanium-based elements and by limiting the particle size gradient of aluminum powder. When the titanium additive is added to molten aluminum, the porous and fluffy sponge titanium powder with a large specific surface area reacts with aluminum powder and flux to form a titanium-aluminum eutectic phase. This eutectic phase effectively reduces the melting temperature of titanium scrap. At the same time, the coarse-grained titanium scrap, formed by combining titanium scrap with an average particle size of 80-150 mesh and sponge titanium powder with an average particle size of 200-300 mesh, prevents excessive aggregation between sponge titanium powder particles, reduces agglomeration and oxidation loss of sponge titanium powder, and thus improves the titanium recovery rate.

[0017] Furthermore, this invention further improves the recovery rate of titanium additives by using a gradient ratio of aluminum powders with average particle sizes of 80-120 mesh, 180-250 mesh, and 300-350 mesh. The 300-350 mesh aluminum powder has a larger specific surface area, melting rapidly upon contact with high-temperature molten aluminum and transferring heat to the titanium powder, promoting its dissolution. The 180-250 mesh aluminum powder has a moderate reaction rate, effectively absorbing the initial high temperature generated by the 300-350 mesh aluminum powder. The 80-120 mesh aluminum powder slowly releases heat during the reaction, effectively maintaining the high-temperature environment around the titanium powder, further promoting its dissolution and reducing unreacted titanium powder residue. This gradient ratio of aluminum powder not only shortens the melting time of the titanium additives but also effectively inhibits oxidation and burn-off, thereby reducing titanium element loss and improving the recovery rate of titanium additives. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the following examples and comparative examples: The degree of substitution of polyanionic cellulose is 0.9; the average particle size of cryolite is 60 mesh; the average particle size of potassium fluorosilicate is 60 mesh.

[0020] Example 1 A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys comprises the following components by weight: 40 parts sponge titanium powder, 40 parts titanium scrap powder, 5 parts aluminum powder, 3 parts flux, 0.5 parts surfactant, and 0.1 parts polyanionic cellulose; wherein the surfactant is sorbitan tristearate, the flux is composed of cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate in a mass ratio of 3:1, the average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 200 mesh, the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 80 mesh, and the aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 80 mesh, 35 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 180 mesh, and 30 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 300 mesh. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Sorbitol tristearate was added to anhydrous ethanol (the mass-volume ratio of sorbitol tristearate to anhydrous ethanol was 3 g: 10 mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix I; S2. After dispersing the polyanionic cellulose in water (the mass-volume ratio of polyanionic cellulose to water is 2g:10mL) evenly, premix solution II is obtained. S3. After mixing the sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate evenly in a mixer, a premix is ​​obtained. S4. Spray premix liquid I and premix liquid II onto the premix in sequence, and mix for 30 minutes at 20 r / min to obtain the mixture. S5. The mixture is placed in a press and pressed into a round cake shape, and then dried to obtain a titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys.

[0021] Example 2 A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys comprises the following components by weight: 45 parts sponge titanium powder, 45 parts titanium scrap powder, 7 parts aluminum powder, 3.5 parts flux, 1.5 parts surfactant, and 2 parts polyanionic cellulose; wherein the surfactant is sorbitan tristearate, the flux is composed of cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate in a mass ratio of 3.5:1, the average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 250 mesh, the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 120 mesh, and the aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 100 mesh, 35 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 220 mesh, and 30 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 320 mesh. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Sorbitol tristearate was added to anhydrous ethanol (the mass-volume ratio of sorbitol tristearate to anhydrous ethanol was 3 g: 10 mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix I; S2. After dispersing the polyanionic cellulose in water (the mass-volume ratio of polyanionic cellulose to water is 2g:10mL) evenly, premix solution II is obtained. S3. After mixing the sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate evenly in a mixer, a premix is ​​obtained. S4. Spray premix liquid I and premix liquid II onto the premix in sequence, and mix for 25 minutes at 25 r / min to obtain the mixture. S5. The mixture is placed in a press and pressed into a round cake shape, and then dried to obtain a titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys.

[0022] Example 3 A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys comprises the following components by weight: 50 parts sponge titanium powder, 50 parts titanium scrap powder, 10 parts aluminum powder, 4 parts flux, 2.5 parts surfactant, and 3 parts polyanionic cellulose; wherein the surfactant is sorbitan tristearate, the flux is composed of cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate in a mass ratio of 4:1, the average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 300 mesh, the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 150 mesh, and the aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 120 mesh, 45 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 250 mesh, and 40 parts aluminum powder with an average particle size of 350 mesh. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Sorbitol tristearate was added to anhydrous ethanol (the mass-volume ratio of sorbitol tristearate to anhydrous ethanol was 3 g: 10 mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix I; S2. After dispersing the polyanionic cellulose in water (the mass-volume ratio of polyanionic cellulose to water is 2g:10mL) evenly, premix solution II is obtained. S3. After mixing the sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate evenly in a mixer, a premix is ​​obtained. S4. Spray premix liquid I and premix liquid II onto the premix in sequence, and mix for 20 minutes at 30 r / min to obtain the mixture. S5. The mixture is placed in a press and pressed into a round cake shape, and then dried to obtain a titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys.

[0023] Example 4 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that, in this embodiment, the aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 25 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 100 mesh, 40 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 220 mesh, and 35 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 320 mesh.

[0024] Example 5 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that, in this embodiment, the aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 35 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 100 mesh, 45 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 220 mesh, and 40 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 320 mesh.

[0025] Example 6 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the surfactant in this embodiment is sodium lauryl ether sulfate. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate is added to water (the mass-volume ratio of sodium lauryl ether sulfate to water is 3g:10mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix solution I; S2. After dispersing the polyanionic cellulose in water (the mass-volume ratio of polyanionic cellulose to water is 2g:10mL) evenly, premix solution II is obtained. S3. After mixing the sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate evenly in a mixer, a premix is ​​obtained. S4. Spray premix liquid I and premix liquid II onto the premix in sequence, and mix for 25 minutes at 25 r / min to obtain the mixture. S5. The mixture is placed in a press and pressed into a round cake shape, and then dried to obtain a titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys.

[0026] Example 7 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the surfactant in this embodiment is composed of sorbitol tristearate and sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate in a mass ratio of 7:3. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: S1. Sorbitol tristearate was added to anhydrous ethanol (the mass-volume ratio of sorbitol tristearate to anhydrous ethanol was 1 g: 6 mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix I; S2. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate is added to water (the mass-volume ratio of sodium lauryl ether sulfate to water is 2g:6mL) and dispersed evenly to obtain premix solution II; S3. After dispersing the polyanionic cellulose in water (the mass-volume ratio of polyanionic cellulose to water is 2g:10mL) evenly, premixed solution III is obtained. S4. After mixing the sponge titanium powder, titanium scrap powder, aluminum powder, cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate evenly in a mixer, a premix is ​​obtained. S5. Spray premix liquid I, premix liquid II and premix liquid III onto the premix in sequence, and mix for 25 minutes at 25 r / min to obtain the mixture. S6. The mixture is placed in a press and pressed into a disc shape, then dried to obtain a titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys.

[0027] Example 8 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 7 is that the surfactant in this embodiment is composed of sorbitol tristearate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate in a mass ratio of 7:3.5.

[0028] Example 9 The only difference between this embodiment and Example 7 is that the surfactant in this embodiment is composed of sorbitol tristearate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate in a mass ratio of 7:4.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in this comparative example, the aluminum powder is composed of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 180 mesh and aluminum powder with an average particle size of 300 mesh, in a mass ratio of 7:6.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in this comparative example, the aluminum powder is composed of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 180 mesh and aluminum powder with an average particle size of 80 mesh, in a mass ratio of 7:3.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in this comparative example, the aluminum powder is composed of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 300 mesh and aluminum powder with an average particle size of 80 mesh, in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0032] Test case The titanium additives for smelting aluminum alloys prepared in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were placed into three aluminum melting furnaces with graphite crucibles for testing. Samples of the molten metal were taken from each furnace at 6 min and 10 min. After cooling to solidify, the molten metal was dissolved in acid to obtain a solution. The acid used was a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and 50% hydrochloric acid (volume ratio 1:1). The titanium content in the solution was then measured using an ICP analyzer to obtain the average titanium recovery rate. The titanium recovery rate refers to the percentage of titanium powder dissolved in the aluminum melt relative to the total mass of titanium powder in the additive. Table 1 shows the test results of the titanium recovery rate and the melting time of the titanium additive at 700℃. The melting time refers to the time required for the titanium additive to completely melt at 700℃. The test results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. Titanium recovery rates in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0033] As shown in Table 1, the recovery rate of titanium in Examples 1-5 is higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-3, and the melting time is shorter. This indicates that by setting aluminum powder with different particle sizes, the present invention shortens the melting time of titanium additives and improves the recovery rate of titanium additives.

[0034] In Examples 7-9, the recovery rate of titanium was higher than that in Examples 2 and 6, and the melting time was shorter. This indicates that the present invention shortened the melting time of titanium additives and improved the recovery rate of titanium additives by adding sorbitol tristearate and sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as a surfactant.

[0035] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys, characterized in that, The raw materials for the titanium additive include the following components by weight: 40-50 parts of sponge titanium powder, 40-50 parts of titanium scrap powder, 5-10 parts of aluminum powder, 3-4 parts of flux, 0.5-2.5 parts of surfactant, and 0.1-3 parts of binder; the average particle size of the sponge titanium powder is 200-300 mesh; the average particle size of the titanium scrap powder is 80-150 mesh. The aluminum powder comprises the following components by weight: 15-35 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 80-120 mesh, 35-45 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 180-250 mesh, and 30-40 parts of aluminum powder with an average particle size of 300-350 mesh.

2. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the sponge titanium powder to the titanium shavings is 4:4~5.

3. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flux includes cryolite and potassium fluorosilicate.

4. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of cryolite to potassium fluorosilicate is 3~4:

1.

5. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactants include sorbitan tristearate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.

6. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of sorbitan tristearate to sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is 7:3~4.

7. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder is polyanionic cellulose.

8. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 7, characterized in that, The degree of substitution of the polyanionic cellulose is 0.

9.

9. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the flux is 40-100 mesh.

10. The high-recovery titanium additive for smelting aluminum alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purity of the aluminum powder is 98 wt%.

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