Liquid cooling heat dissipation device for new energy automobile lithium battery module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery heat dissipation, in particular to a liquid cooling heat dissipation device for a lithium battery module of a new energy automobile, which comprises a heat exchange mechanism, and the heat exchange mechanism comprises a base, a box body, a circulation part, a heat dissipation part, a spiral guide vane and a central column; a plurality of circumferentially distributed battery grooves are formed in the peripheral surface of the base; a cooling groove is formed in the center of the base; the central column is connected to the inner side of the cooling tank; the edge of the spiral guide vane is connected with the inner wall of the cooling groove; the box body is arranged at the top end of the base; cooling liquid is stored in the box body. The circulating part is connected to the box body and the cooling tank; the heat dissipation part is arranged on the box body and used for cooling the cooling liquid. According to the invention, the cooling liquid spirally flows to generate double-spiral secondary flow, so that a thermal boundary layer can be strongly scoured and thinned, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the lithium battery module is effectively improved; and the method has important practical significance for promoting the safe and high-performance development of the new energy automobile industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery heat dissipation technology, specifically to a liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The core design concept of the liquid cooling system for lithium batteries in new energy vehicles is to achieve the most effective heat dissipation and uniform temperature control with the lowest energy consumption within a limited space.

[0003] Chinese patent CN117134026A discloses a liquid cooling structure for a temperature control system of a lithium battery module in a new energy vehicle. By setting up a silicon capsule with an expansion function, combined with a thermally conductive fiber cloth, the contact between the capsule and the battery sidewall is made more compact during heat exchange. The pressure increases the contact area, improving the heat exchange effect. Furthermore, a slider is set up to fill the silicon capsule one by one, preventing the thermally conductive fiber cloth from being squeezed and affecting the unwinding, and ensuring that it fits the battery sidewall as closely as possible, thereby improving the heat exchange effect of the liquid cooling structure.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have the following drawbacks: they mainly dissipate heat from the battery through thermally conductive fiber cloth in conjunction with cooling plates, and then the heat absorbed by the cooling plates is carried away by the coolant. However, a key problem with traditional flow channels is that near the channel wall, the fluid becomes almost still due to viscosity, forming a thin boundary layer. Heat must pass through this boundary layer to transfer from the high-temperature wall to the fluid core. The thicker the boundary layer, the greater the thermal resistance and the lower the heat transfer efficiency. As the flow progresses, this thermal boundary layer gradually thickens, leading to a decrease in heat transfer capacity along the flow direction. In addition, when coolant leaks, the aforementioned existing technologies cannot separate parts of the battery to prevent the coolant from affecting the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention: A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles, comprising: The heat exchange mechanism includes a base, a housing, a circulation section, a heat dissipation section, spiral guide vanes, and a central column. Multiple circumferentially distributed battery slots are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the base. A cooling groove is formed at the center of the base. The central column is connected to the inner side of the cooling groove. The spiral guide vanes are wound around the central column, and their edges are connected to the inner wall of the cooling groove. The housing is located at the top of the base and contains coolant. The circulation section is connected to the housing and the cooling groove. The heat dissipation section is located on the housing for cooling the coolant. The separation mechanism includes a battery frame, a telescopic component, and a sensor; the battery frame includes plate a, plate b, and plate c; one end of plate b and plate c are connected to the side wall of plate a; plate b is located above plate c; the telescopic component is located below the base and connected to plate a; the inner wall of the battery compartment has a sealing slot adapted to plate b and plate c; a groove is formed on plate c; the sensor is located inside the groove; and both plate b and plate c have a power receiving part.

[0007] Preferably, the base is provided with support legs at its bottom end to support the base.

[0008] Preferably, the circulation section includes a pump body and a pipe a; one end of the pipe a is connected to the housing; the other end of the pipe a is connected to the cooling tank; the pump body is located inside the housing and is connected to the cooling tank.

[0009] Preferably, the heat dissipation unit includes a fan and heat dissipation fins; the heat dissipation fins are connected to the housing and extend into its interior; the fan is located on the housing and faces the heat dissipation fins.

[0010] Preferably, the base is made of a thermally conductive material; multiple heat dissipation strips are evenly arranged inside the base near the battery compartment; multiple branches are provided on the heat dissipation strips; the branches extend into the cooling compartment.

[0011] Preferably, the electrical receiving part includes a conductive sheet a and an electrode post; multiple conductive sheets a are provided and evenly distributed on plates b and c; two electrode posts are provided and respectively connected to plates b and c; the conductive sheet a is electrically connected to the electrode post through a wire.

[0012] Preferably, conductive sheet a on plate b is connected to conductive sheet b by a conductive spring; a positioning ring is provided on plate c at the location of conductive sheet a.

[0013] Preferably, the base is provided with a groove adapted to the electrode post.

[0014] Preferably, the base is provided with elastic plates at both the top and bottom; the two ends of the elastic plates are connected to terminals for series connection between battery packs; positive terminals and negative terminals are connected on the base.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: By incorporating a heat exchange mechanism that generates a double-helical secondary flow through the spiral flow of the coolant, the thermal boundary layer is powerfully "scoured" and "thinned," allowing heat from the high-temperature wall surface to be carried away by the fluid core more quickly. Compared to a straight channel under the same conditions, the heat transfer coefficient can typically be increased by more than 30%, effectively improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the lithium battery module. Furthermore, the inclusion of a separation mechanism allows the battery frame and lithium battery to be pushed away from the battery compartment in the event of coolant leakage, preventing short circuits and fires caused by coolant contact with the lithium battery, thus improving the safety of the lithium battery module during use. This device also provides key technical support for new energy vehicles to achieve higher energy density and longer service life, and has significant practical implications for promoting the safer and higher-performance development of the electric vehicle industry. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A three-dimensional representation of an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the battery frame and battery compartment separated according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the battery frame structure in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery frame structure in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the box body and the base in a cross-sectional state according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the base and the housing, spiral guide vanes, heat dissipation part and circulation part in a cross-sectional state of one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic plate and the grounding block in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1. Base; 101. Slide groove; 102. Sealing slot; 103. Battery slot; 2. Elastic plate; 201. Connecting block; 3. Housing; 4. Fan; 5. Heat dissipation fins; 6. Plate a; 7. Telescopic component; 8. Pipe a; 9. Plate b; 10. Electrode post; 11. Plate c; 1101. Groove; 12. Positioning ring; 13. Conductive sheet a; 14. Conductive spring; 15. Conductive sheet b; 16. Spiral guide vane; 17. Sensor; 18. Positive terminal; 19. Negative terminal; 20. Pump body; 21. Heat dissipation strip. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1, as Figures 1-3 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the present invention proposes a liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules of new energy vehicles, including a heat exchange mechanism and a separation mechanism. The heat exchange mechanism includes a base 1, a housing 3, a circulation section, a heat dissipation section, spiral guide vanes 16, and a central column. The base 1 has supporting legs at its bottom end for support. Multiple circumferentially distributed battery slots 103 are formed on the outer circumference of the base 1. A cooling groove is formed at the center of the base 1. The central column is connected to the inner side of the cooling groove. The spiral guide vanes 16 are wound around the central column, and their edges are connected to the inner wall of the cooling groove. The housing 3 is located at the top of the base 1. Coolant is stored in the housing 3. The circulation section is connected to the housing 3 and the cooling groove. The circulation section includes a pump body 20 and a pipe a8. One end of the pipe a8 is connected to the housing 3, and the other end is connected to the cooling groove. The pump body 20 is located inside the housing 3 and is connected to the cooling groove (the pump body 20 includes, but is not limited to, electronic water). The pump is made of materials such as stainless steel and fluoroplastics; the heat dissipation part is located on the housing 3 for cooling the coolant; the heat dissipation part includes a fan 4 and heat dissipation fins 5; the heat dissipation fins 5 are connected to the housing 3 and extend into its interior; the fan 4 is located on the housing 3 directly opposite the heat dissipation fins 5; the base 1 is made of thermally conductive material; multiple heat dissipation strips 21 are evenly arranged inside the base 1 near the battery compartment 103; multiple branches are provided on the heat dissipation strips 21; the branches extend into the cooling tank (the heat dissipation strips 21 are made of metals with high thermal conductivity such as copper and their surface is coated with a graphene composite coating, which has good corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity; when the battery heat is conducted to the inner wall of the battery compartment 103, it will be quickly conducted to the coolant through the heat dissipation strips 21, improving the battery's heat dissipation efficiency).

[0019] In this embodiment, the pump body 20 transports the coolant in the housing 3 to the cooling tank, and the coolant flows spirally along the spiral guide vanes 16 to the bottom of the cooling tank; then it flows back to the housing 3 through pipe a8 to complete the circulation; when the coolant flows in the spiral channel, due to the centrifugal force, the fast-flowing core fluid is thrown to the outside, while the low-speed fluid near the wall is forced to replenish inward, thus generating one or more pairs of double-spiral secondary flows perpendicular to the main flow direction; the secondary flow strongly "scours" and "thins" the thermal boundary layer, so that the heat of the high-temperature wall can be carried away by the fluid core more quickly. Compared with the straight channel under the same conditions, the heat transfer coefficient can usually be increased by more than 30%; at the same time, the fan 4 accelerates the airflow around the heat dissipation fins 5, and uses the heat dissipation fins 5 to cool the returning coolant, ensuring that the coolant can continuously perform heat dissipation.

[0020] It is worth noting that the inner wall of the housing 3, the heat dissipation fins 5, the spiral guide vanes 16, and the inner wall of the cooling tank are all coated with an anti-corrosion coating to reduce the corrosion of the coolant.

[0021] The separation mechanism includes a battery frame (used to hold multiple batteries in parallel to form a battery pack), a telescopic component 7, and a sensor 17 (the sensor 17 includes, but is not limited to, a capacitive sensor 17, which utilizes the difference in dielectric constant between liquid and air; when the liquid approaches or contacts the electrode of the sensor 17, the capacitance value of the system changes significantly and is detected by the circuit); the battery frame includes plate a6, plate b9, and plate c11; one end of plate b9 and plate c11 are connected to the side wall of plate a6; plate b9 is located above plate c11; the telescopic component 7 is located below the base 1 and connected to plate a6 (the telescopic component 7 includes, but is not limited to, devices such as cylinders); the inner wall of the battery slot 103 has a sealing slot 102 adapted to plate b9 and plate c11; a groove 1101 is formed on plate c11; the sensor 17 is located inside the groove 1101; both plate b9 and plate c11 have a contact part.

[0022] In this embodiment, when coolant leaks, the leaked coolant enters the battery compartment 103. When the coolant contacts the plate c11, due to the presence of the groove 1101 on the plate c11, the coolant gathers towards the center of the groove 1101 and contacts the sensor 17. At this time, the sensor 17 senses the presence of coolant and sends a signal to the controller. The controller then sends a signal to the vehicle control system (the vehicle control system enables centralized control and intelligent interaction of multiple electronic functions such as information, entertainment, and comfort within the cabin). The vehicle control system controls the in-vehicle alarm to sound an alarm and requests the owner's permission to perform a "battery disconnection operation." After receiving the owner's approval (to prevent sudden power loss while the vehicle is in motion), the system controls the telescopic component 7 at the corresponding location (the telescopic component 7 located below the battery compartment 103 at the leak point). The telescopic component 7 pushes the battery frame to move and moves the battery pack away from the battery compartment 103, preventing the coolant in the battery compartment 103 from gradually increasing and contacting the battery.

[0023] It is worth noting that the telescopic component 7 is made of corrosion-resistant materials (stainless steel, fluoroplastics, etc.) to prevent dripping coolant from corroding the telescopic component 7; the electrical contact block 201 is required to have good conductivity, so its surface is not treated with anti-corrosion coating, and the coolant on its surface needs to be cleaned off by maintenance personnel during maintenance.

[0024] Example 2, as Figures 4-6 as well as Figure 9As shown, this invention proposes a liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment further details the structure of the electrical connection part, which includes a conductive sheet a13 and an electrode post 10. Multiple conductive sheets a13 are evenly distributed on plates b9 and c11. Two electrode posts 10 are respectively connected to plates b9 and c11. The conductive sheet a13 is electrically connected to the electrode post 10 via a wire. The conductive sheet a13 on plate b9 is connected to a conductive sheet b15 via a conductive spring 14 (compressing the conductive spring 14 allows the conductive sheet b15 to move upwards, increasing the space between it and the positioning ring 12, facilitating battery insertion into the positioning ring 12). A positioning ring 12 is provided on plate c11 at the location of the conductive sheet a13 (the positioning ring 12 can limit the battery's position, and the inner side of the positioning ring 12 has a rubber layer to increase the friction between it and the battery, ensuring proper installation of the battery on plate c11). Stability); The base 1 is provided with a sliding groove 101 adapted to the electrode post 10 (the sliding groove 101 facilitates the movement of the electrode post 10 when the battery frame is inserted into the battery slot 103); the top and bottom of the base 1 are provided with elastic plates 2; the two ends of the elastic plates 2 are connected to grounding blocks 201 for series connection between battery packs (the elastic plates 2 are elastic and deformable. When the electrode post 10 slides to the end of the sliding groove 101, the electrode post 10 will lift the grounding block 201, causing the elastic plate 2 to deform. Under the elastic force of the elastic plate 2, the grounding block is firmly in contact with the electrode post 10; the edges of the electrode post 10 and the grounding block 201 are rounded to facilitate the electrode post 10 lifting the grounding block 201); the base 1 is connected with a positive terminal 18 and a negative terminal 19 (each battery pack is connected in series to form a power supply. The positive terminal 18 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The negative terminal 19 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply).

[0025] In this embodiment, the conductive sheet b15 is pressed down first, and then the battery is inserted into the positioning ring 12 (the direction of the positive terminal of the battery facing the plate b9 or the plate c11 depends on the series connection direction of the battery pack). Then, under the action of the conductive spring 14, the conductive sheet a13 contacts the terminal of the battery. After the battery is installed, the telescopic component 7 drives the battery frame to move into the battery slot 103. At the same time, the plates b9 and c11 are inserted into the sealing slot 102 to achieve the sealing function of the battery slot 103 (the surfaces of the plates b9 and c11 are provided with a rubber layer to enhance the sealing between them and the sealing slot 102; the surface of the plate a6 is also provided with a rubber layer to enhance the sealing between it and the outer surface of the base 1).

[0026] In summary, when the lithium battery module is dissipating heat normally, the coolant in the housing 3 is delivered to the cooling tank by the pump 20 and flows spirally along the spiral guide vanes 16 to the bottom of the cooling tank; then it flows back to the housing 3 through pipe a8 to complete the circulation. When the coolant flows in the spiral channel, due to the centrifugal force, the fast-flowing core fluid is thrown to the outside, while the slow-flowing fluid near the wall is forced to replenish inward, thus generating one or more pairs of double-spiral secondary flows perpendicular to the mainstream direction. The secondary flow strongly "scours" and "thins" the thermal boundary layer, allowing the heat from the high-temperature wall to be carried away by the fluid core more quickly. Compared with a straight channel under the same conditions, the heat transfer coefficient can usually be increased by more than 30%, effectively improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the lithium battery module. At the same time, the fan 4 accelerates the airflow around the heat dissipation fins 5, using the heat dissipation fins 5 to cool the returning coolant, ensuring that the coolant can continuously perform heat dissipation.

[0027] When coolant leaks, the leaked coolant enters the battery compartment 103. When the coolant comes into contact with plate c11, due to the presence of groove 1101 on plate c11, the coolant will gather towards the center of groove 1101 and contact sensor 17. At this time, sensor 17 will sense the presence of coolant and send a signal to the controller. The controller will then send a signal to the vehicle infotainment system (the vehicle infotainment system is responsible for the centralized control and intelligent interaction of multiple electronic functions such as information, entertainment, and comfort within the cabin). The vehicle infotainment system will then control the in-vehicle alarm to sound an alarm and request the driver's permission to proceed. After performing a "battery separation operation" and obtaining the owner's approval (to prevent sudden power loss while the vehicle is in motion, allowing the owner to stop the vehicle before handling the issue; the system can automatically perform the "battery separation operation" even when the vehicle is not running), the system controls the telescopic component 7 at the corresponding location (the telescopic component 7 located below the battery slot 103 at the leakage point). The telescopic component 7 pushes the battery frame to move and moves the battery pack away from the battery slot 103, preventing the coolant in the battery slot 103 from gradually increasing and contacting the battery, thus improving the safety of the lithium battery module during use. This patent, through the dual innovation of "spiral enhanced heat exchange + active leakage isolation," not only solves the heat dissipation problem of lithium batteries under high loads but also constructs a preventive safety barrier, significantly improving the reliability, durability, and safety of the battery system. This device provides key technical support for new energy vehicles to move towards higher energy density and longer service life, and has important practical significance for promoting the safer and higher-performance development of the electric vehicle industry.

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles, characterized in that, include: The heat exchange mechanism includes a base (1), a housing (3), a circulation section, a heat dissipation section, a spiral guide vane (16), and a central column; the outer circumferential surface of the base (1) is provided with multiple circumferentially distributed battery slots (103); a cooling groove is provided at the center of the base (1); the central column is connected to the inner side of the cooling groove; the spiral guide vane (16) is wound around the central column and its edge is connected to the inner wall of the cooling groove; the housing (3) is located at the top of the base (1); the housing (3) contains coolant; the circulation section is connected to the housing (3) and the cooling groove; the heat dissipation section is located on the housing (3) for cooling the coolant; The separation mechanism includes a battery frame, a telescopic component (7), and a sensor (17); the battery frame includes plate a (6), plate b (9), and plate c (11); one end of plate b (9) and plate c (11) are connected to the side wall of plate a (6); plate b (9) is located above plate c (11); the telescopic component (7) is located below the base (1) and connected to plate a (6); the inner wall of the battery slot (103) is provided with a sealing slot (102) adapted to plate b (9) and plate c (11); a groove (1101) is provided on plate c (11); the sensor (17) is located inside the groove (1101); both plate b (9) and plate c (11) are provided with a power receiving part.

2. The liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) has a support leg at its bottom end to support the base (1).

3. The liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulation section includes a pump body (20) and a pipe a (8); one end of the pipe a (8) is connected to the housing (3); the other end of the pipe a (8) is connected to the cooling tank; the pump body (20) is located inside the housing (3) and is connected to the cooling tank.

4. The liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation unit includes a fan (4) and heat dissipation fins (5); the heat dissipation fins (5) are connected to the housing (3) and extend into its interior; the fan (4) is located on the housing (3) and faces the heat dissipation fins (5).

5. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is made of thermally conductive material; multiple heat dissipation strips (21) are evenly arranged inside the base (1) near the battery slot (103); multiple branches are provided on the heat dissipation strips (21); the branches extend into the cooling slot.

6. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical connection part includes a conductive sheet a (13) and an electrode post (10); multiple conductive sheets a (13) are provided and evenly distributed on plates b (9) and c (11); two electrode posts (10) are provided and connected to plates b (9) and c (11) respectively; the conductive sheet a (13) is electrically connected to the electrode post (10) through a wire.

7. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductive sheet a (13) on plate b (9) is connected to the conductive sheet b (15) by a conductive spring (14); a positioning ring (12) is provided on plate c (11) at the conductive sheet a (13).

8. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) has a groove (101) adapted to the electrode post (10).

9. A liquid cooling heat dissipation device for lithium battery modules in new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is provided with elastic plates (2) at both the top and bottom; the two ends of the elastic plates (2) are connected to terminals (201) for series connection between battery packs; the base (1) is connected with positive terminals (18) and negative terminals (19).

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