Track shoe shearing test bench and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a track shoe shearing test bench and a using method thereof, in particular to an engineering mechanical performance testing device, in particular to a multifunctional test bench used for simulating shearing characteristics of crawler-type equipment under different soil and snow soil conditions, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical design and vehicle engineering. The device drives a fixed pulley to realize mechanical steering through a vertical servo electric cylinder transmission unit, ensures that a track shoe does not generate vertical displacement during shearing through a horizontal guide rod, draws the track shoe at a constant speed to shear a ground medium, and obtains a relationship between displacement and shearing force when the track shoe shears the ground medium at a constant speed through a tension sensor. The creeper tread shearing test bed can efficiently and accurately simulate the ground medium shearing condition of the creeper tread under the actual working condition, it is ensured that vertical displacement does not occur in the creeper tread shearing process, accurate and reliable test data are provided for design, research and development and quality detection of the creeper tread, and the performance and reliability of the creeper tread can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a track plate shear test bench and its usage method, and particularly to an engineering machinery performance testing device, especially a multifunctional test bench for simulating the shear characteristics of tracked equipment under different soil and snow conditions, belonging to the field of mechanical design and vehicle engineering technology. Background Technology

[0002] Existing track shear test benches are mainly traditional hand-cranked test benches, horizontal test benches, and vertical test benches. Traditional hand-cranked track shear test benches have low testing efficiency, poor accuracy, and poor dynamic response. Horizontal track shear test benches cannot apply vertical loads and are difficult to simulate the actual track shear ground pressure. Vertical track shear test benches are difficult to accurately measure the horizontal movement of the track. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a track plate shear test bench and its usage method. The loading force is precisely controlled by a servo electric cylinder, and the horizontal guide rod ensures that the track plate does not undergo vertical displacement when shearing the ground medium. Combined with a tension sensor and an oscilloscope, high-precision measurement is achieved. It can be widely used in track plate research and development and quality inspection, and can quickly and efficiently verify the shear characteristics of track plates.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is: A track plate shear test bench, characterized in that the test bench comprises: Support frame 1 is an "L" shaped structure, including a vertical part and a horizontal part. The vertical part is used to provide overall structural support. A cantilever beam structure extends from the middle and top of the vertical part for positioning support of the servo electric cylinder. The bottom of the cantilever beam extension end is provided with a triangular support to improve structural strength. The horizontal part is used to connect the fixed pulley and the soil / snow trough. The fixed pulley is installed at the center of its bottom. Fixed pulley guide grooves are provided on both sides. Four pairs of threaded holes are provided on the bottom of its outer side for connecting the soil / snow trough.

[0005] Servo electric cylinder 2, mounted on top of support frame 1, is used to apply controllable vertical loading force. It is positioned by cantilever beams in the middle and top of the support frame to ensure no vertical or lateral displacement occurs. A threaded hole is provided at its lower part for connecting a tension sensor.

[0006] The tension sensor 3 is used to measure the shear force of the track plate in real time. Its upper end is connected to the servo cylinder 2 by a thread, and its lower end is connected to the sensor mounting base by a thread. The sensor mounting base 4 is used to connect the tension sensor 3 to the traction rope to measure the shear force in real time. The upper end is connected to the tension sensor through a thread, and the lower end is connected to the traction rope through a reserved hole. Fixed pulley 5 is installed at the bottom center of the horizontal part of the support frame 1 to change the direction of force transmission. It is connected to the fixed pulley guide groove on both sides to realize the vertical movement of the fixed pulley. The fixed pulley guide groove 6 is installed on both sides of the horizontal part of the support frame 1 to adjust the vertical position of the fixed pulley 1. The vertical movement of the fixed pulley ensures that the traction rope is horizontal. Counterweight 7 is placed stably on the track plate to be tested according to the test requirements to simulate the ground pressure of the track plate; Track plate 8, consisting of a toothed section and a horizontal section, has the same structure as the actual track plate. The toothed section is located at the lower end of the horizontal section, and the front end of the horizontal section has a pre-drilled hole for connecting the traction rope. The track plate is slowly and steadily placed on the ground medium sample in the soil / snow trough, so that the toothed section is completely sunk into the ground medium sample, while the horizontal section is in contact with the ground medium and does not sink, thereby simulating the shear force under actual working conditions; The electric cylinder positioning support 9 is located on the two cantilever beams of the support frame 1. It is used to fix the servo electric cylinder 2 through the four positioning screw holes of the upper cantilever beam and the arc structure of the middle cantilever beam to ensure that the servo electric cylinder 2 does not undergo vertical and lateral displacement. The flexible data cable 10 connects the tension sensor 3 and the oscilloscope, and is used to transmit the sensor data to the oscilloscope; The oscilloscope 11 is connected to the tension sensor 3 via the flexible data cable 10 and is used to record the tension sensor signal in real time. The traction rope 12 is connected to the reserved hole at the front end of the track plate 8 through the reserved hole at the lower end of the sensor mounting base 4, and is used to transmit the load force. The soil / snow trough 13 is connected to the support frame 1 through four pairs of positioning screw holes on both sides of the bottom. The soil / snow trough has a rectangular deep groove in the center to hold soil or snow soil samples. The upper part of both sides of the soil / snow trough has four sets of protruding structures with four sets of reserved holes for connecting horizontal guide rods. The horizontal guide rod 14 is installed on both sides of the soil / snow trough 13 through four sets of pre-drilled holes in the protruding structures on both sides. The horizontal guide rod can move circumferentially and is attached and fixed to the track plate during testing. This is to ensure that no vertical displacement occurs when the track plate is sheared. Ground media sample 15, including ground media such as soil and snow, was evenly spread in the soil / snow trough.

[0007] A track plate shear test bench, the test bench comprising 1. Overall Structure This device adopts a modular design and mainly includes: - Supporting frame (steel main structure frame) - Power loading system (servo electric cylinder) - Force measurement system (tension sensor + sensor mount) - Transmission system (fixed pulley + traction rope) - Motion stabilization system (electric cylinder positioning support + fixed pulley guide groove + horizontal guide rod) - Test sample system (counterweights + track plates + soil / snow trough + ground medium sample) - Data acquisition system (flexible data cable + oscilloscope) 2. Core Innovation Points (1) High-precision loading system Using a servo electric cylinder as the power source, stepless speed regulation and uniform traction are achieved: - Loading speed accuracy: ±0.5% - Maximum loading speed: 500mm / s (2) Multifunctional testing platform The soil / snow trough features a quick-release design for rapid replacement. - Soil samples with different moisture contents - Snow soil samples with different densities - Other special media samples (3) Intelligent measurement system This is achieved through the combination of a tension sensor and an oscilloscope. - Sampling frequency: 10kHz - Measurement range: 0-20kN - Real-time display of force-displacement curves - Automatic data storage function 3. Working principle The testing process is divided into two phases: (1) Preparation stage: - Load soil / snow trench samples into the test chamber - Install track pad test piece - Connect the traction rope and adjust the vertical position of the fixed pulley. - Connect to data acquisition system - Lower the horizontal guide rod (2) Testing phase: - The servo electric cylinder applies shear force via a traction rope. - The tension sensor collects force signals in real time. - Oscilloscope recording force-time curve (3) Analysis phase: - The oscilloscope connects to the computer to store and output test data curves. - Utilize computer-aided processing and analysis of test data to evaluate the shear performance of track plates. A method for shear testing track plates, wherein the test bench is characterized by comprising the following steps: - Place a sample of the ground medium, such as soil or snow, into a soil / snow trough; - Place the track plate on the sample surface; - Start the servo electric cylinder to apply shearing force via the traction rope; - Real-time monitoring of shear force changes using a tensile sensor, with data displayed and recorded via an oscilloscope; - Analyze the data to evaluate the shear performance of the track plates.

[0008] This invention discloses a track plate shear test bench for testing the shear performance of track plates in soil or snow-covered media (hereinafter referred to as ground media), belonging to the field of mechanical design and vehicle engineering technology. The device achieves mechanical steering by driving a fixed pulley through a vertical servo electric cylinder transmission unit, and ensures no vertical displacement of the track plate during shearing through a horizontal guide rod. It provides uniform and stable traction for the track plate to shear the ground media, and uses a tension sensor to obtain the relationship between displacement and shear force when the track plate shears the ground media at a uniform speed.

[0009] Existing track plate shear test benches are mainly traditional hand-cranked test benches, horizontal test benches, and vertical test benches. This invention solves the problems of the above three common track plate shear test benches: (1) it solves the technical problems of low testing efficiency, poor accuracy, and poor dynamic response of traditional hand-cranked track plate shear test benches; (2) it solves the technical problems of horizontal track plate shear test benches being unable to apply vertical loads and difficult to simulate the ground pressure of real track plates; (3) it solves the technical problem of vertical track plate shear test benches being unable to ensure horizontal movement of track plates during testing; The track plate shear test bench of this invention can efficiently and accurately simulate the shearing of track plates on the ground medium under actual working conditions, ensuring that no vertical displacement occurs during the shearing process of track plates, providing accurate and reliable test data for the design, development, and quality inspection of track plates, and helping to improve the performance and reliability of track plates.

[0010] The test bench consists of components such as: support frame, servo electric cylinder, tension sensor, sensor mounting base, fixed pulley, fixed pulley guide groove, counterweight, track plate, electric cylinder positioning support, flexible data cable, oscilloscope, traction rope, soil / snow trough, horizontal guide rod, and ground medium sample. The support frame provides stable support for the entire test setup; the servo cylinder, under control, can achieve stepless uniform vertical movement; the tension sensor is fixed to the bottom of the cylinder to measure the tension on the traction rope; the sensor mounting base connects the tension sensor and the traction rope; the fixed pulley is used to change the direction of the traction force; the fixed pulley guide groove is used to adjust the vertical position of the fixed pulley to ensure the traction rope is horizontal; the traction rope is used to pull the track plate to shear the ground medium; the counterweight is used to simulate the track ground pressure under real working conditions; the track plate is placed horizontally on the ground medium sample; the cylinder positioning support ensures that the cylinder does not undergo vertical or radial displacement; the flexible data cable transmits the tension sensor data to the oscilloscope; the oscilloscope is used to extract and analyze the data; the soil / snow trough is used to support the ground medium and the track plate; the horizontal guide rod is used to ensure that the track plate does not undergo vertical displacement when shearing the ground medium; the ground medium sample is evenly spread in the soil / snow trough.

[0011] Under the controllable stepless uniform motion of the servo electric cylinder, the track plate is subjected to the shear force of the ground medium. The tension sensor detects the tension signal, that is, the track plate shear force signal, and transmits it to the oscilloscope through a flexible data line for recording and analysis.

[0012] This invention discloses a track plate shear test bench for testing the shear performance of track plates in soil or snow-covered media (hereinafter referred to as ground media), belonging to the field of mechanical design and vehicle engineering technology. The device achieves mechanical steering by driving a fixed pulley through a vertical servo electric cylinder transmission unit, and ensures no vertical displacement of the track plate during shearing through a horizontal guide rod. It uniformly pulls the track plate to shear the ground media, and uses a tension sensor to obtain the relationship between displacement and shear force when the track plate uniformly shears the ground media. This invention solves the following three common problems with track plate shear test benches: (1) it solves the technical problems of low testing efficiency, poor accuracy, and poor dynamic response of traditional hand-cranked track plate shear test benches; (2) it solves the technical problems of horizontal track plate shear test benches being unable to apply vertical loads and difficult to simulate the ground pressure of real track plates; (3) it solves the technical problem of vertical track plate shear test benches being unable to ensure horizontal movement of track plates during testing; the track plate shear test bench of this invention can efficiently and accurately simulate the shearing of track plates on the ground medium under actual working conditions, ensuring that no vertical displacement occurs during the shearing process of track plates, providing accurate and reliable test data for the design, development and quality inspection of track plates, and helping to improve the performance and reliability of track plates. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the test bench of the present invention; Figure 2 The oscilloscope used in the embodiment; Figure 3 The wiring method is shown in the example; Figure 4 This refers to the configuration environment in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Example The following will provide an implementation example of the entire experiment and data analysis process: Experimental steps: (1) Sensor calibration: Prepare as follows Figure 2 The oscilloscope of a certain model shown is, according to Figure 3 Connect the oscilloscope to the signal and power cables of the tension sensor, install the sensor driver on the test computer, connect it to the oscilloscope via a data cable, and press... Figure 4 Configure the environment in this way.

[0016] First, zero the sensor. Press the K1 key three times in quick succession to unlock and begin sensor calibration; press and hold the K2 key on the oscilloscope until it displays 00000, then release; press the K2 key briefly, and the oscilloscope will display the initial sensor value; press the K4 key briefly to zero the sensor; press the K1 key briefly, and the oscilloscope will display 0, indicating that the zeroing calibration is complete.

[0017] Next, calibrate the sensor values. Place a weight on the sensor and record the actual value of the weight as x1. Record the value displayed on the oscilloscope as x2. Press and hold the K1 key until 00000 is displayed, then release. This will enter the advanced password interface. Briefly press the K4 key to move the oscilloscope to the rightmost position. Briefly press the K3 key to adjust the current value, setting the instrument display to 00001, and configure the advanced password. Briefly press the K1 key to confirm and enter the E022 interface. Press the K3 key to configure the test unit. Briefly press the K1 key to confirm and enter the E023 interface. Press the K3 key to configure the measurement decimal point. Continuously press the K1 key until the E047 interface is displayed, and record the instrument display value as x3. Calculate according to the formula. Shift the y value using K4 and increment it using K3, then input it to the oscilloscope. Press K1 briefly to confirm; press K2 briefly to return and complete the sensor calibration. At this point, the instrument will display the actual weight of the weight.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, (2) Install the platform: Connect the fixed pulley to the support platform through the fixed pulley guide groove; connect the sensor fixing seat to the tension sensor through threads; connect the tension sensor to the servo cylinder through threads; connect the oscilloscope to the tension sensor through a flexible data cable; connect the power supply to the oscilloscope and the servo cylinder respectively; connect the servo cylinder to the support platform through a cantilever beam; connect the bottom of the support platform to the soil / snow trough, and connect the soil / snow trough to the horizontal guide rod through the reserved hole. After the above steps, the platform installation is completed.

[0019] (3) Paving ground medium: The ground medium mainly includes soil or snow soil samples with different parameters such as cohesion and internal friction angle; simulate the actual working conditions of the ground contacted by the tracked vehicle, and evenly pave the ground medium in the soil / snow trough. Use test tools such as loosening rake and loosening shovel to turn the ground medium over so that it is evenly distributed and the surface is level.

[0020] (4) Place the track plate: Slowly and steadily place the track plate in the ground medium sample, so that the track teeth part of the track plate is completely sunk into the ground medium sample, the lower surface of the horizontal part of the track plate is in contact with the ground medium sample, and the horizontal part does not sink into the ground medium sample.

[0021] (5) Connecting the traction rope: Connect one end of the traction rope to the track plate through the pre-drilled hole at the front end of the track plate, pass it around the lower end of the fixed pulley and straighten it, and connect the other end to the sensor mounting base through the pre-drilled hole of the sensor mounting base. Adjust the position of the fixed pulley in the vertical direction through the guide groove of the fixed pulley to ensure that the connection section between the traction rope and the track plate is horizontal; (6) Place the horizontal guide rod: Rotate the horizontal guide rod circumferentially so that it is slightly attached to the horizontal part of the track plate to be measured and fixed to ensure that it does not undergo vertical displacement during traction. Slight attachment can prevent excessive additional friction when the track plate shears the ground medium to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0022] (7) Start the servo cylinder: Set the extension and retraction rate and displacement of the servo cylinder according to the test requirements, start the servo cylinder to pull the track plate at a constant speed to shear the ground medium. At this time, the tension sensor receives the tension of the traction rope and transmits the force to the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope displays the shearing force of the track plate in real time. Stop when the servo cylinder extends or retracts to the specified displacement.

[0023] (8) Equipment reset: After a set of tests, remove the track plates and adjust the ground medium to match the requirements of step (3). It should be noted that since the state of snow soil is easily changed by temperature changes, it is different from snow soil. Sufficient snow soil samples with consistent parameters should be prepared and insulation measures should be taken. Replace the samples after the test is completed. After the ground medium is re-laid, return the track plates and servo cylinders to their original positions.

[0024] (9) Repeated test: Repeat steps (3) to (8) and take the average value of multiple tests. Then, replace the track plates with different parameters and test again. Measure the longitudinal shear force and lateral shear force of the track plates respectively to obtain the shear performance of track plates with different parameters for subsequent analysis.

[0025] (10) Experimental data extraction: Export the oscilloscope data to the computer to obtain the relationship between the shear force and shear displacement of the track plate for each test.

[0026] (11) Experimental data analysis: In the analysis of the shear performance of the track plate, the shear force usually increases first and then tends to stabilize with the increase of the shear displacement, which are referred to as the first stage and the second stage, respectively. In the first stage, the shear force increases with the increase of the shear displacement. This is because the ground medium sample is compressed and densified during the shearing process of the track plate, resulting in an increase in shear resistance. In the second stage, the shear force tends to stabilize with the increase of the shear displacement. This is because while the ground medium is compressed and densified, some of the ground medium is lost along both sides of the track plate. The resistance of the ground medium to the track plate remains unchanged, and the steady-state condition is entered. Therefore, the shear force tends to stabilize.

[0027] The experiment tested the longitudinal shear force and lateral shear force of the track plates, respectively. The longitudinal shear force characterizes the longitudinal traction force of the track plates on the tracked vehicle; the lateral shear force characterizes the steering resistance of the tracked vehicle.

[0028] The greater the longitudinal shear force of the track plates, the greater the longitudinal traction force of the tracked vehicle, the lower the slip ratio, and the better the adhesion. However, when the longitudinal shear force is too large, it will also lead to an increase in the longitudinal running resistance of the tracked vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to weigh and select the track plate structure with the optimal performance. This experiment can effectively measure the longitudinal shear force data of track plates with different parameters, which has high practical value and theoretical significance.

[0029] The greater the lateral shear force of the track plates, the greater the steering resistance of the vehicle. Since tracked vehicles typically use differential steering, the friction between the track and the ground is much greater than that of ordinary vehicles, making the impact of the lateral shear force of the track plates very significant. Therefore, the lateral shear force of the track plates should be reduced during steering to decrease steering resistance. However, the increase of longitudinal shear force and the decrease of lateral shear force are often inherently contradictory, thus highlighting the importance of this experiment. Accurately measuring the lateral shear force of track plates with different parameters helps guide the optimal design of the track plates.

[0030] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A track shoe shear test bench, characterized by The test bench includes: Support frame (1), servo electric cylinder (2), tension sensor (3), sensor mounting base (4), fixed pulley (5), counterweight (7), track plate (8), electric cylinder positioning support (9), traction rope (12); The support frame (1) is an "L" shaped structure, including a vertical part and a horizontal part. A cantilever beam extends from the middle and top of the vertical part of the support frame (1). Each cantilever beam has an electric cylinder positioning support (9). There is a soil / snow trough on the horizontal part of the support frame (1). The servo electric cylinder (2) is fixedly installed on the two cantilever beams of the support frame (1) and fixed by the electric cylinder positioning support (9). The servo electric cylinder (2) is used to apply a controllable vertical loading force. The top of the tension sensor (3) is connected to the bottom of the servo electric cylinder (2); The bottom end of the tension sensor (3) is connected to the sensor mounting base (4); The track plate (8) to be tested is placed on the ground medium sample in the soil / snow trough. The horizontal part of the track plate (8) is in contact with the ground medium and does not sink, so as to simulate the shear force under actual working conditions. The counterweight (7) is placed on the track plate (8) to simulate the ground pressure of the track plate. The fixed pulley (5) is installed at one end of the horizontal part of the support frame (1). The two sides of the horizontal part of the support frame (1) are provided with fixed pulley guide grooves (6). The fixed pulley guide grooves (6) are used to adjust the vertical position of the fixed pulley (5). One end of the traction rope (12) is connected to the sensor mounting base (4), and the other end of the traction rope (12) is connected to the track plate (8) after passing through the fixed pulley (5); The tension sensor (3) is used to measure the shear force of the track plate in real time.

2. The track plate shear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data from the tension sensor (3) is transmitted to the oscilloscope (11) via the flexible data cable (10), and the oscilloscope (11) is used to record the tension sensor signal in real time.

3. The track plate shear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil / snow trough (13) has a rectangular deep groove at its center for accommodating ground medium samples. The upper part of both sides of the soil / snow trough has four sets of protruding structures with four sets of reserved holes for connecting horizontal guide rods.

4. The track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal guide rod (14) is installed on both sides of the soil / snow trough through four sets of reserved holes in the protruding structure on both sides of the soil / snow trough (13). The horizontal guide rod can move circumferentially and is attached and fixed to the track plate during the test to ensure that no vertical displacement occurs when the track plate is sheared.

5. A track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ground medium sample (15) is soil or snow loam, which is evenly spread in the soil / snow trough. The soil / snow trough (13) is designed to be detachable, making it easy to replace different ground medium samples (15).

6. A track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The servo electric cylinder (2) adopts a high-precision servo control system, which can adjust the loading speed steplessly. The tension sensor (3) is a strain gauge or piezoelectric sensor.

7. A track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cantilever beam has triangular supports at its bottom ends to improve structural strength; The number and position of the counterweights (7) can be adjusted to optimize test conditions or simulate different working conditions; The track plates (8) are made of different materials or have different surface textures to simulate the friction characteristics under different environments.

8. A track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal guide rod (14) adopts a circumferential rotation design. After the track plate (8) is stably placed in the ground medium sample (15), the horizontal guide rod is lowered to ensure that no vertical displacement occurs when the track plate is sheared.

9. A track plate shear test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed pulley (5) uses a low-friction bearing.

10. A method for testing the shear strength of track plates, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The ground medium sample (15) is placed into the soil / snow trough (13); Place the track plate (8) on the surface of the ground medium sample (15); Start the servo electric cylinder (2) and apply shearing force through the traction rope (12); The shear force change is monitored in real time by a tension sensor (3), and the data is displayed and recorded by an oscilloscope (12); Based on the recorded data, assess the shear performance of the track plates.

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