Wireless signal enhancement-oriented nano-copper electromagnetic ultra-transparent glass and preparation method thereof
By setting a transmission array with a nano-copper metal mesh pattern on glass, the problems of non-compactness and insufficient transparency of existing transmission metasurface structures are solved, achieving efficient control and signal enhancement of electromagnetic waves, which is suitable for optically transparent scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHEJIANG UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing transmissive metasurfaces are not compact enough in structure, require high precision in manufacturing and assembly, and are difficult to meet the application scenarios of optical transparency or visual observation. Furthermore, the existing glass is difficult and costly to modify, and the antenna is thick, making it difficult to achieve conformal deployment.
The system employs nano-copper electromagnetic ultra-transparent glass, which forms a transmission array by setting an I-shaped nano-copper metal mesh pattern on the glass dielectric layer. This enables the transmission phase modulation and beam control of electromagnetic waves. Combined with the design of the nano-copper metal mesh, transparency and signal enhancement are ensured.
It achieves wide-range and precise control of electromagnetic wave phase, enhancing signal coverage and transmission quality. It also features high transparency and ease of deployment in scenarios requiring transparency, such as building and vehicle windows, thereby improving wireless signal coverage and transmission quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN121906137A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic control technology, and in particular to a nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of 5G communication technology and the diversification of services and the continuous expansion of industry boundaries, user demand for wireless networks is undergoing a significant shift from outdoor to indoor focus. Industry experts predict that the proportion of indoor consumer mobile communication services will increase substantially in the 5G era, signifying that the importance of indoor wireless network coverage has risen to a new level.
[0003] However, high-frequency electromagnetic waves have short wavelengths, weak diffraction capabilities, and high propagation losses. When millimeter waves propagate in complex indoor environments, they encounter obstacles such as walls and furniture, resulting in severe attenuation, reflection, scattering, and diffraction. The electromagnetic signal coverage and penetration challenges faced by high-frequency communication technologies not only affect the user's communication experience but also impact the application expansion of 5G across various industries. Achieving millimeter wave penetration through walls and efficient indoor penetration has become a critical technical problem urgently needing to be solved. Transmissive metasurfaces, as an economical and practical solution, have shown great application potential in the field of wireless communication, especially in millimeter wave penetration through walls. By precisely controlling the transmission path of electromagnetic waves, transmissive metasurfaces are expected to redirect wireless signal propagation, thereby improving the coverage of wireless networks.
[0004] When designing planar transmissive metasurfaces, the following key requirements must be met: First, the phase coverage of the metacellular units should be as wide as possible to ensure omnidirectional signal transmission; second, the transmission efficiency within the passband should be as high as possible to reduce signal loss; third, the passband bandwidth should be as wide as possible to adapt to the signal transmission requirements of different frequencies; and fourth, the fabrication process should be as simple as possible to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. However, existing transmissive metasurfaces with beam-tuning capabilities still have many structural shortcomings. To meet the requirement of 360-degree phase coverage, most transmissive metasurfaces adopt a multi-layer stacked design, with even strictly controlled air cavities between layers. This design not only makes the overall structure less compact but also places extremely high demands on manufacturing and assembly precision, increasing the difficulty of debugging. In addition, most transmissive metasurfaces use non-transparent substrates such as PCBs as the base material, making it difficult to meet the needs of some applications requiring optical transparency or visual observation.
[0005] Although a few researchers have attempted to design and develop optically transparent antennas using thin films and transparent media (such as glass) with high optical transparency as the core material, these methods still face many challenges in practical applications. For example, modifying existing glass is difficult and costly, and the designed antennas often have a certain thickness, making it difficult to achieve conformal deployment with actual scenarios.
[0006] Therefore, providing a nano-copper electromagnetic ultra-transparent glass for wireless signal enhancement and its preparation method to overcome the difficulties of the existing technology is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a nano-copper electromagnetic ultratransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement and its preparation method, which has both excellent beam control performance and good light transmittance and compact structure.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, comprising: The system comprises N × M metaunits, each metaunit consisting of a glass dielectric layer and a metal pattern layer attached to the dielectric layer. By sequentially arranging a metal pattern layer and a glass dielectric layer to form a transmission array, the incident electromagnetic wave is subjected to transmission phase modulation and beam control.
[0009] Optionally, the metal pattern layer is provided with an I-shaped nano-copper metal mesh pattern, including straight lines and arc-shaped lines symmetrically arranged at both ends of the straight lines.
[0010] Optionally, the thickness of the metal pattern layer is between 20 and 50 μm, the metal pattern is composed of square mesh with a line width wm=10 μm and a side length wm=100 μm, and the thickness of the glass dielectric layer is between 5 and 10 mm.
[0011] A method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, comprising the following steps: The material properties of the target dielectric material are tested, including thickness and dielectric constant. The metal pattern layer is determined based on the metasurface design method; Electromagnetic glass is fabricated by constructing meta-units based on metal patterned layers. Deploying glass in the target context enables signal enhancement in a specified angular domain.
[0012] Optional metasurface design methods include: The structural parameters of the metal mesh pattern layer are designed based on the material properties of the dielectric layer, and the starting point of the nano-copper metal mesh pattern is determined. The side length of the metacell is determined based on the center frequency of the target signal's frequency band, and the structural parameters of the metacell are adjusted to enable the array cell to achieve linear phase shift characteristics. For an incident wave with an incident angle of ψ, assuming the desired beam direction is... The structure of each unit of the metal pattern layer is determined, thereby defining the metal pattern layer.
[0013] Optionally, determining the structure of each unit cell in the metal pattern layer includes: No. The phase distribution of the column cells satisfies the following distribution to achieve the angle. Signal enhancement: ; Where f represents the center frequency of the incident wave, c represents the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave, p represents the width of each element, and ψ represents the angle of the incident wave. For the first Calculate the phase of a superstructure. Then, the indices of the required structural elements are calculated from the structural parameter library: ; At this point, the j-th unit structure is selected as the standard structure for the current column metasurface.
[0014] Optionally, to simplify the overall metasurface design, the phase of each column of cells can be... The structure is quantized into four fixed unit cells, with the following transmission phases: .
[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1) This invention achieves precise control over a wide range of electromagnetic wave phases by finely adjusting the size design of the pattern on the film. In experimental tests, the three metacell designs exhibited excellent transmission amplitudes, exceeding -3dB, within three operating frequency bands: 2.5-2.7GHz, 4.8-5GHz, and 19.7-20.2GHz. This effectively adjusted the deflection angle of the transmitted wave within a wide range of -150° to 150°, while simultaneously achieving a peak gain exceeding 25dB, significantly enhancing the signal. 2) The metasurface array composed of nano-copper mesh electromagnetic signal enhancement glass provided by the present invention not only has broadband response capability, but also has the dual advantages of high optical transparency and high transmittance. It can be flexibly deployed in various scenarios that require maintaining optical transparency or requiring see-through observation, such as building windows and vehicle windshields, thereby effectively improving the coverage and transmission quality of wireless signals without affecting the line of sight and aesthetics. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a basic unit structure diagram of a nano-copper electromagnetic ultra-transparent glass for wireless signal enhancement disclosed in this invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a unit metal grid pattern for a metal pattern provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of transparent electromagnetic signal enhancement glass based on a metallic pattern; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic ultra-transparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, provided by this invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of geometric phase generation provided by this invention. Figure 6 The simulation results provided by this invention are shown in the 2.5-2.7 GHz operating frequency band. Figure 7 The simulation results provided by this invention are shown in the 4.8-5GHz operating frequency band. Figure 8 The simulation results provided by this invention are shown in the operating frequency band of 19.7-20.2GHz. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] Reference Figure 1As shown, this invention discloses a nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, comprising: The system comprises N × M metaunits, each exhibiting high transmittance and transmission phase, and includes a glass dielectric layer and a metal patterned layer attached to the dielectric layer. By sequentially arranging a metal pattern layer and a glass dielectric layer to form a transmission array, the incident electromagnetic wave is subjected to transmission phase modulation and beam control.
[0020] Specifically, the glass dielectric layer and the metal pattern layer have optical transparency, forming a transparent nano-copper electromagnetic glass.
[0021] Furthermore, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the metal pattern layer is set with an I-shaped nano-copper metal mesh pattern, including a straight line area and an arc-shaped line area symmetrically set at both ends of the straight line. The I-shaped metal pattern is set on the glass dielectric layer by any one of etching, photolithography, chemical plating and electroplating. By setting the metal pattern layer and the glass dielectric layer to form a transmission array, the incident electromagnetic wave is subjected to transmission phase modulation and beam control.
[0022] Furthermore, the thickness of the metal pattern layer is between 20 and 50 μm, and the metal pattern is composed of square meshes with a line width wm = 10 μm and a side length wm = 100 μm. The thickness of the glass dielectric layer is between 5 and 10 mm.
[0023] Furthermore, the meta-unit of this embodiment includes four fixed unit structures, and the transmission phases of the four fixed unit structures are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively.
[0024] Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the metal patterned layer is less than or equal to 3.4 mΩ / sq, and the material is nanoscale copper. This is achieved by controlling the thickness of the metal mesh pattern structure to 50 mm. μm Within a certain range, it is possible to ensure the stability of electrical connections between unit patterns in the metal mesh pattern structure and signal sensitivity while avoiding excessive thickness of the metal pattern, thus facilitating the thinner and lighter design of electromagnetic glass. Because the electromagnetic glass of this invention uses a nano-copper metal mesh pattern structure with low sheet resistance, the current transparent metacellular unit structure can have a lower resistance value, which is beneficial for improving conductivity and signal sensitivity, and facilitating its use.
[0025] A method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, used to prepare the nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement as described in any of the above claims, with reference to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps: The material properties of the target dielectric material are tested, including thickness and dielectric constant. The metal pattern layer is determined based on the metasurface design method; Electromagnetic glass is fabricated by constructing meta-units based on metal patterned layers. Deploying glass in the target context enables signal enhancement in a specified angular domain.
[0026] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 As shown, after knowing the phase distribution (expected phase distribution) of the incident electromagnetic wave after shaping, based on all pixels in the expected phase distribution, [the following steps are taken]. N × M The length and rotation angle of the arc-shaped metal lines in the metal mesh pattern of each array unit are controlled accordingly to ensure proper deployment. N × M Each array element transmits electromagnetic waves and obtains the desired phase distribution. When an incident electromagnetic wave is incident at a certain angle onto a high-gain electromagnetic signal enhancement glass based on a nano-copper structure, the corresponding number of array units modulate the phase of the incident electromagnetic wave to obtain the desired phase distribution, thereby realizing the transmission of electromagnetic waves. For example, it can achieve wide-bandwidth, high-transmittance, and high-transparency beamforming, such as high-gain beam focusing and control of incident electromagnetic waves, which enhances the penetration depth and breadth of electromagnetic wave signals.
[0027] Furthermore, metasurface design methods include: The structural parameters of the metal mesh pattern layer are designed based on the material properties of the dielectric layer, and the starting point of the nano-copper metal mesh pattern is determined. The side length of the metacell is determined based on the center frequency of the target signal's frequency band, and the structural parameters of the metacell are adjusted to enable the array cell to achieve linear phase shift characteristics. For an incident wave with an incident angle of ψ, assuming the desired beam direction is... The structure of each unit of the metal pattern layer is determined, thereby defining the metal pattern layer.
[0028] Specifically, after knowing the phase distribution (expected phase distribution) of the incident electromagnetic wave after shaping, based on all pixels in the expected phase distribution, [the process is as follows]... N × M The length and rotation angle of the arc-shaped metal lines in the metal mesh pattern of each array unit are controlled accordingly to ensure proper deployment. N × M Each array element transmits electromagnetic waves and obtains the desired phase distribution.
[0029] That is, when a beam of electromagnetic waves is incident on a metasurface, its wavefront (i.e., an equiphase surface) passes through the surface... N × M The nano-copper electromagnetic glass consists of array units, where each array unit modulates the locally discretized phase at its location. This phase is then transmitted through the nano-copper electromagnetic glass. N × MAfter manipulation by an artificial atom, a structure composed of... N × M The phase distribution composed of local phases, and the metasurface prepared based on the new phase distribution, is the electromagnetic signal enhancement glass based on the metal mesh pattern in this invention.
[0030] Furthermore, determining the structure of each unit cell in the metal pattern layer includes: No. The phase distribution of the column cells satisfies the following distribution to achieve the angle. Signal enhancement: ; Where f represents the center frequency of the incident wave, c represents the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave, p represents the width of each element, and ψ represents the angle of the incident wave. For the first Calculate the phase of a superstructure. Then, the indices of the required structural elements are calculated from the structural parameter library: ; At this point, select the first... j The single-unit structure serves as the standard structure for the current column metasurface.
[0031] Furthermore, the overall design of the metasurface is simplified, and the phase of each column of cells is... The structure is quantized into four fixed unit cells, with the following transmission phases: .
[0032] Furthermore, N × M A single meta-unit is used to obtain nano-copper electromagnetic glass according to a preset method; Based on the phase points in the expected phase distribution, respectively... N × M By controlling the size of the double stub of each metaunit, nano-copper electromagnetic glass was obtained.
[0033] In one specific embodiment, simulated beam modulation is performed on a high-gain electromagnetic glass (based on phase modulation of an electromagnetic metasurface) to obtain a simulated beam pattern of the high-gain electromagnetic glass. N × M Two sets of electromagnetic glass examples, each consisting of an array unit, at an incident angle of 30°, adjust the deflection angle of the transmitted wave within a wide range of -150° to 150° in the operating frequency bands of 2.5-2.7GHz, 4.8-5GHz, and 19.7-20.2GHz, respectively, with an angle gain of not less than 25dB.
[0034] In summary, this invention provides an electromagnetic signal enhancement glass and its manufacturing method for multi-standard, multi-band wireless communication. The electromagnetic glass includes a transparent substrate and a transparent metal pattern. The transparent metal pattern consists of multiple array units, including an electrofused quartz glass dielectric layer and a transparent metal pattern disposed thereon. The pattern is a square pattern with two short stubs on the top and bottom. The phase of each array unit is adjusted by adjusting the size of the short stubs. The sheet resistance of the transparent metal pattern is less than or equal to 0.06 Ω / sq. By setting the transparent metal pattern on both sides of the transparent dielectric layer to form a transmission array, phase modulation and beam control are performed on the incident electromagnetic wave to achieve spatial signal coverage enhancement and beamforming of the electromagnetic signal. (Refer to...) Figures 6-8 As shown, the electromagnetic glass provided by this invention achieves a wide range of phase control through design variations in pattern size. Furthermore, the three metacell designs achieve a transmission amplitude of over -3dB in the operating frequency bands of 2.5-2.7GHz, 4.8-5GHz, and 19.7-20.2GHz, respectively, achieving a 60° transmitted wave deflection with an angle gain of 25dB. The mesh metal linewidth is only 10... μm This gives the array advantages such as wide bandwidth, good optical transparency, high transmittance, and ease of fabrication, allowing it to be deployed in scenarios requiring optical transparency or perspective observation, such as portholes in buildings or vehicles.
[0035] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for enhancing wireless signals, characterized in that, include: The system comprises N × M metaunits, each including a glass dielectric layer and a metal pattern layer attached to the dielectric layer. By sequentially arranging a metal pattern layer and a glass dielectric layer to form a transmission array, the incident electromagnetic wave is subjected to transmission phase modulation and beam control.
2. The nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal pattern layer is set with an I-shaped nano-copper metal mesh pattern, including straight lines and arc-shaped lines symmetrically set at both ends of the straight lines.
3. The nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal pattern layer is between 20 and 50 μm, and the metal pattern is composed of square mesh with a line width wm=10 μm and a side length wm=100 μm. The thickness of the glass dielectric layer is between 5 and 10 mm.
4. A method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement, used to prepare the nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The material properties of the target dielectric material are tested, including thickness and dielectric constant. The metal pattern layer is determined based on the metasurface design method; Electromagnetic glass is fabricated by constructing meta-units based on metal patterned layers. Deploying glass in the target context enables signal enhancement in a specified angular domain.
5. The method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement according to claim 4, characterized in that, Metasurface design methods include: The structural parameters of the metal mesh pattern layer are designed based on the material properties of the dielectric layer, and the starting point of the nano-copper metal mesh pattern is determined. The side length of the metacell is determined based on the center frequency of the target signal's frequency band, and the structural parameters of the metacell are adjusted to enable the array cell to achieve linear phase shift characteristics. For an incident wave with an incident angle of ψ, assuming the desired beam direction is... The structure of each unit of the metal pattern layer is determined, thereby defining the metal pattern layer.
6. The method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the structure of each unit cell in the metal pattern layer includes: No. The phase distribution of the column cells satisfies the following distribution to achieve the angle. Signal enhancement: ； Where f represents the center frequency of the incident wave, c represents the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave, p represents the width of each element, and ψ represents the angle of the incident wave. For the first Calculate the phase of a superstructure. Then, the indices of the required structural elements are calculated from the structural parameter library: ； At this point, the j-th unit structure is selected as the standard structure for the current column metasurface.
7. The method for preparing nano-copper electromagnetic supertransparent glass for wireless signal enhancement according to claim 5, characterized in that, Simplify the overall metasurface design and integrate the phase of each column of cells. The structure is quantized into four fixed unit cells, with the following transmission phases: .