Saline-alkali soil improvement and crop yield increase method based on root zone oxygenation and microbial regulation and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil crop yield increasing and soil improving method based on root zone oxygenation and microorganism regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement. According to the method, oxygen-enriched irrigation water with the dissolved oxygen concentration of 10-15 mg / L is continuously conveyed to a crop root zone through a drip irrigation system. According to the method, the oxygen content and the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil in the root zone are directly increased, the hypoxia stress of the root system is relieved, and the reproduction and activity of beneficial aerobic microorganisms such as actinomycetes can be directionally regulated and promoted. Through the synergistic effect of physical oxygenation-biological activation, the physical structure of soil is effectively improved, the activity of key enzymes such as soil catalase and sucrase is remarkably enhanced, and conversion and supply of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural soil improvement technology, specifically to a method and application for improving saline-alkali soil and increasing crop yield based on root zone oxygenation and microbial regulation. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is an important reserve of arable land in my country. However, due to the accumulation of soluble salts, compaction of soil structure, and poor aeration, it generally suffers from a combination of stress problems such as root hypoxia, low nutrient availability, and inhibited microbial activity. These problems severely restrict crop growth and yield improvement, and are key obstacles leading to low or reduced crop yields.

[0003] Among existing soil improvement technologies, methods such as physical soil amendments, application of chemical soil conditioners, and planting salt-tolerant crops are either costly or have unsustainable effects. Furthermore, most of these methods focus on adjusting single physicochemical properties, failing to treat the soil as a living system for synergistic restoration. While drip irrigation technology can precisely save water and fertilizer and is widely used in saline-alkali land agriculture, its conventional application can easily create a long-term anaerobic and moist zone around the drippers. Under the cumulative effect of the soil's compacted structure, this may exacerbate rhizosphere hypoxia, causing secondary inhibition of root respiration and nutrient absorption, thus limiting the realization of crop yield potential.

[0004] Oxygenated irrigation (also known as aerated irrigation), as an emerging technology aimed at alleviating root zone hypoxia, provides a new approach to the improvement of saline-alkali land. Existing technologies mostly focus on increasing the dissolved oxygen content in irrigation water through physical aeration methods such as Venturi jets and micro / nano bubble generators. These technologies have shown potential in promoting root growth and improving water and fertilizer use efficiency in non-saline-alkali soils used for greenhouse vegetables, fruit trees, and other cash crops. However, existing oxygenated irrigation technologies still have significant limitations in achieving systematic yield increases for field crops in saline-alkali land:

[0005] First, there is a disconnect between technology application and research. Current practices mostly focus on the implementation of physical aeration equipment and short-term root responses, lacking systematic yield-increasing verification of major crops in typical saline-alkali field environments. The combined stress mechanisms of salinity and hypoxia are complex, and whether simple physical aeration can be stably converted into considerable yield gains, and what the physiological and ecological pathways are, still lack sufficient empirical research and data support with yield increase as the core objective.

[0006] Secondly, the understanding of the technical mechanisms is superficial. Current understanding of the aeration effect is mostly limited to improving soil physical aeration and directly stimulating root growth, failing to deeply reveal and actively utilize the soil biological chain reactions triggered by aeration. Soil microorganisms are the core engine driving nutrient cycling and maintaining soil health; saline-alkali and hypoxic environments strongly inhibit the activity and function of aerobic beneficial microorganisms. While aeration improves the soil physical environment, how to directionally regulate the rhizosphere microbial community structure, and then activate soil enzyme activity and enhance nutrient transformation and other microbial functions to produce a long-term, synergistic improvement effect, ultimately achieving crop dry matter accumulation and yield breakthroughs, is a weak link in current technical research and a key bottleneck restricting the leap of aeration technology from "promoting growth" to "stabilizing and increasing yield."

[0007] Therefore, developing a method that not only focuses on short-term physical oxygenation effects, but also activates and guides the soil biological community to evolve in a beneficial direction, thereby systematically and effectively optimizing the soil microenvironment of saline-alkali land, and ultimately using a significant increase in crop yield as a clear goal and verification standard, is of vital practical significance for overcoming the limitations of agricultural productivity in saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method and application for improving saline-alkali soil and increasing crop yield based on root zone aeration and microbial regulation.

[0009] The specific details of the invention are as follows:

[0010] A method for regulating soil microbial communities by increasing oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land, thereby enhancing the abundance of Actinobacteria in the root zone soil.

[0011] An application of oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land to regulate the soil's physicochemical structure, thereby increasing the dissolved oxygen content and redox potential of the root zone soil, reducing soil bulk density, especially at a soil depth of 20-30 cm; increasing the content of water-stable aggregates with a particle size greater than 0.25 mm in the soil, thereby increasing the average weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates.

[0012] A method for aerating and regulating soil physicochemical structure and microbial community in the root zone of saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: During crop growth, oxygen-enriched irrigation water is continuously delivered to the crop root zone soil through a drip irrigation system; the oxygen-enriched irrigation water is prepared by an integrated water, fertilizer and gas irrigation device, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the irrigation water is maintained between 10 mg / L and 15 mg / L; the period of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation covers at least one critical growth period of the crop, the critical growth period including the jointing stage of the crop to the late reproductive growth stage.

[0014] S2: Through the continuous delivery of the oxygen-enriched irrigation water, the dissolved oxygen content and redox potential of the root zone soil are increased, and the structure of the rhizosphere soil microbial community is simultaneously regulated to promote the abundance of aerobic and functional beneficial microorganisms.

[0015] An application based on oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land to regulate soil catalase activity, resulting in an increase of over 63.71% in soil catalase activity.

[0016] An application based on oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land to regulate soil sucrase activity, resulting in an increase of over 159.7% in soil sucrase activity.

[0017] An application based on oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land to regulate soil urease activity, resulting in an increase of over 8.54% in soil urease activity.

[0018] An application of regulating soil alkaline phosphatase activity based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, resulting in an increase of over 29.13% in soil alkaline phosphatase activity.

[0019] An application of increasing crop yield by oxygenating the root zone of saline-alkali land, which promotes crop root development and dry matter accumulation: crop root length increased by more than 47.71%; crop root surface area increased by more than 43.93%; and total dry matter weight of crop aboveground parts increased by more than 74.7%.

[0020] Furthermore, this will result in a crop yield increase of over 24.12%.

[0021] A method for increasing crop yield in saline-alkali land based on root zone oxygenation includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Select crop varieties with strong stress resistance and plant them in coastal saline-alkali soil;

[0023] Step 2: Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer as seed fertilizer or base fertilizer evenly into the soil, with the fertilizer distributed in the soil layer below 10cm.

[0024] Step 3: Timely mechanical sowing, when the relative soil moisture content reaches 70%-80%;

[0025] Step 4: During the critical growth period of the crop, irrigation water with a dissolved oxygen content of 15 mg / L is delivered to the soil around the crop roots through a drip irrigation system, so that the relative moisture content of the soil reaches 70%.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention lie in its ability to directly and rapidly improve the physical aeration of the root zone in saline-alkali soils by continuously delivering oxygen-enriched irrigation water, alleviating root hypoxia stress and creating immediate favorable conditions for crop root growth. More importantly, the created oxygen-enriched environment can directionally regulate the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community, significantly promoting the proliferation and activity of beneficial aerobic microorganisms such as actinomycetes. These activated microorganisms, through core biological functions such as secreting extracellular polymers, enhancing soil enzyme activity, and promoting nutrient transformation, synergistically improve soil aggregate structure, reduce deep soil bulk density, and enhance nutrient availability, achieving a synergistic and positive cycle from "physical oxygenation" to "biological activation" and then to "comprehensive improvement of soil function." This systematic reconstruction of the soil microenvironment builds a healthy and sustainable root zone foundation for the robust growth of crops in saline-alkali land, ultimately directly manifested in significantly optimized crop root morphology, enhanced aboveground dry matter accumulation capacity, and improved photosynthetic efficiency, thereby effectively translating soil improvement effects into stable and significant increases in crop yield. Therefore, this invention is a systematic method for improving the productivity of saline-alkali land that integrates physical improvement, biological regulation, and yield increase. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 Overall technical schematic diagram;

[0028] Figure 2 Graph showing the variation of soil redox potential (Eh) after oxygenated drip irrigation;

[0029] Figure 3 : Data graph showing the impact of aeration drip irrigation on soil bulk density in the root zone of maize at different stages;

[0030] Figure 4 Bar graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation at different times on the particle size distribution of soil aggregates in the root zone of maize;

[0031] Figure 5 A graph showing the influence of different aeration treatments on the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates at different soil depths, which is an indicator of soil aggregate stability.

[0032] Figure 6 : Another indicator characterizing soil aggregate stability—the geometric mean diameter—is affected by different aeration treatments at different soil depths.

[0033] Figure 7 : Data graph showing the effects of aeration drip irrigation at different stages on the activity of key enzymes in maize root zone soil;

[0034] Figure 8 : Data graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation at different times on the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in soil microorganisms in the root zone of maize;

[0035] Figure 9 Bar graph showing the relative abundance of soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere at the phylum level during maize maturity;

[0036] Figure 10 : Data chart showing the impact of aeration drip irrigation on soil nutrient indices in the root zone of maize at different stages;

[0037] Figure 11 Bar graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation on total nitrogen content in the aboveground parts of maize at different stages;

[0038] Figure 12 A graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation on total nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize at different stages;

[0039] Figure 13 Bar graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation at different stages on the total phosphorus content of maize aboveground parts;

[0040] Figure 14 A graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation on total phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize at different stages;

[0041] Figure 15 Bar graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation on the total potassium content of maize aboveground parts at different stages;

[0042] Figure 16 A graph showing the effect of aeration drip irrigation on total potassium accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize at different stages;

[0043] Figure 17 : Bar chart showing the effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on the aboveground dry weight accumulation of maize plants;

[0044] Figure 18 Graph showing the effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on chlorophyll a and b content in maize leaves;

[0045] Figure 19 : Data graph showing the effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in maize leaves;

[0046] Figure 20 : Data graph showing the effects of oxygenated drip irrigation on photosynthetic physiological parameters of maize leaves;

[0047] Figure 21 Graph showing the impact of aeration drip irrigation on the final yield and its components of maize at different stages;

[0048] Figure 22 : Effects of different oxygenation periods and concentrations on root morphology in maize seedlings;

[0049] Figure 23 : Effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on root growth of different salt-tolerant maize varieties during the seedling stage;

[0050] Figure 24: Effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on root zone soil enzyme activity of different salt-tolerant maize varieties;

[0051] Figure 25 : Effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of different salt-tolerant maize varieties;

[0052] Figure 26 : Effects of oxygenated drip irrigation on root zone soil nutrients of different salt-tolerant maize varieties;

[0053] Figure 27 : Effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on the potassium-sodium ratio in leaves and roots of different salt-tolerant maize varieties;

[0054] Figure 28 : Effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on the leaf and root osmotic potential of different salt-tolerant maize varieties;

[0055] Figure 29 : Effects of aeration drip irrigation at different stages on nitrogen content and accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize;

[0056] Figure 30 The effects of aeration drip irrigation at different stages on the phosphorus content and accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize;

[0057] Figure 31 Graph showing the changes in potassium content and accumulation in the aboveground parts of maize under different periods of aeration drip irrigation;

[0058] Figure 32 Schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched drip irrigation system;

[0059] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched drip irrigation device;

[0060] Figure 34 Schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched drip irrigation system;

[0061] Figure 35 : Schematic diagram of the tank. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The following embodiments illustrate the present invention in detail. In the description of these embodiments, specific details such as particular system structures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0063] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0064] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0065] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0066] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0067] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Step 1: Variety and Soil Selection: The crop used in this application is Liyuan 296 maize, and Dongying coastal saline-alkali soil is used as the potting soil.

[0070] In this application, the crop selected is the Liyuan 296 maize variety, which has excellent stress resistance. The potting soil used for planting is Dongying coastal saline-alkali soil, which has a high salt content and alkaline characteristics, and can simulate the actual saline-alkali land conditions to provide a real growth environment for the experiment.

[0071] Step 2: Fertilization: When using potted plants, apply urea, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride as base fertilizer to each pot. After fully dissolving, spray evenly using an oxygen-enhancing drip irrigation system for saline-alkali soil crops. After application, turn the soil over to allow the fertilizer to settle to a depth of at least 10cm.

[0072] After fertilizing, water to replenish moisture, ensuring that the volumetric moisture content of the 0-10cm soil layer in each pot remains at 25%-30%.

[0073] Depending on the required base fertilizer, an appropriate ratio can be selected. For example, in the base fertilizer, 35.73g of urea, 8.50g of monoammonium phosphate, and 30.50g of potassium chloride are mixed evenly with an appropriate amount of water in a drip irrigation device for aeration of crops in saline-alkali land to ensure dissolution. Then, the mixed solution is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the potted soil using the drip irrigation device for aeration of crops in saline-alkali land. After fertilization, the soil is tilled to allow the fertilizer to penetrate to a soil layer of less than 10cm, ensuring that the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the root growth area. After fertilization, watering is carried out to replenish moisture, ensuring that the volumetric moisture content of the 0-10cm soil layer in each pot is maintained at 25%-30%, thereby meeting the growth needs of corn and avoiding the effects of insufficient or excessive water.

[0074] Step 3: Sowing Treatment: Before sowing, germinate whole, plump seeds at 28°C, selecting seeds with sprouts between 0.5-1cm in length. When sowing, make furrows, four rows per pot, each row 2cm deep, sowing 8 seeds per row, for a total of 32 seeds per pot. When the corn reaches the one-leaf-one-heart stage, thin out the seedlings, leaving 8 seedlings per pot. Alternatively, place whole, plump corn seeds in a 28°C environment for 48 hours to promote germination and development. Select seeds with sprouts between 0.5-1cm in length for sowing. When sowing, make furrows in each pot, four rows per pot, each row 2cm deep, sowing 8 seeds per row, for a total of 32 seeds per pot. When the corn reaches the one-leaf-one-heart stage, thin out the seedlings, leaving 8 healthy seedlings per pot.

[0075] Step 4: Drip irrigation oxygenation treatment: The soil volumetric moisture content of the potted plants was controlled at (25±2)% using drip irrigation. Two oxygenation treatments were conducted during the maize V6 growth stage. The dissolved oxygen content of the irrigation water for the oxygenation treatment was set as a control (no oxygenation) and an oxygenated group (15 mg / L). Each treatment was repeated four times. The soil dissolved oxygen content was measured once before the oxygenation treatment. The soil volumetric moisture content of the potted plants was controlled at (25±2)% using a drip irrigation device for saline-alkali land crops to ensure that the soil moisture was suitable for maize growth. Two oxygenation treatments were conducted during the maize V6 growth stage. A control group (no oxygenation) and an oxygenated group (15 mg / L dissolved oxygen) were set up. Each treatment was repeated four times to ensure the reliability of the data. The dissolved oxygen content of the soil was initially measured before the oxygenation treatment. The soil dissolved oxygen content was measured every 8 hours after the oxygenation treatment and continuously monitored for 48 hours to ensure accurate recording of the effect of the oxygenation treatment on the soil dissolved oxygen.

[0076] Step 5: Plant sampling and measurement: After the oxygenation monitoring of maize V6 was completed, 8 maize plants with uniform growth were selected for plant sampling to measure root morphology and aboveground dry matter weight.

[0077] Eight corn plants with uniform growth were selected from each pot for sampling to reduce errors caused by differences in growth. The root morphology and aboveground dry matter weight of the sampled plants were measured. The assessment of root morphology included root surface area, stem dry matter weight, and leaf dry matter weight to determine the development of the root system and its water absorption capacity. The measurement of aboveground dry matter weight helps to understand the growth status of the corn and the accumulation of aboveground dry matter.

[0078] Based on the effects of different treatments on dissolved oxygen content in the maize rhizosphere soil, after aeration drip irrigation at stage V6, the dissolved oxygen content in the aeration treatment was 12.84% higher than that in the control treatment. This indicates that aeration drip irrigation improved the soil environment in the rhizosphere. As shown in Table 1, based on the effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities in the maize rhizosphere, after aeration drip irrigation at stage V6, the activities of catalase, sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in the aeration treatment increased by 63.71%, 159.7%, 8.54%, and 29.13% respectively compared to the control. This indicates that aeration drip irrigation can improve the soil environment in the rhizosphere and increase soil enzyme activity.

[0079] Table 1. Effects of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation on soil enzyme activity in the root zone of maize.

[0080] Table 2 shows the effects of different treatments on maize root morphology and dry matter accumulation. After aeration drip irrigation during the V6 stage, the root length in the aeration treatment increased by 47.71% compared to the control; the root surface area increased by 43.93%; and the stem, leaf, sheath, and total dry matter weight increased by 167.65%, 71.06%, 61.48%, and 74.7%, respectively, compared to the control. This indicates that aeration drip irrigation can alleviate root hypoxia caused by saline-alkali soil compaction, promote root growth, thereby increasing aboveground dry matter accumulation and promoting maize growth.

[0081] Table 2. Effects of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation on maize root system and dry matter accumulation.

[0082]

[0083] Example 2

[0084] Step 1: Adopt an equal-row planting pattern with a row spacing of 60cm and a spacing of 23cm, resulting in a planting density of 4800 plants per acre. Lay the pipes one row at a time, 5cm away from the corn plants. This equal-row planting pattern ensures sufficient growing space and sunlight for the corn. The reasonable planting density of 4800 corn plants per acre ensures adequate resource allocation among the crops. During the planting process, the irrigation components of the saline-alkali land crop oxygenation drip irrigation system are laid in a "one pipe per row" manner, meaning a branch irrigation pipe is laid above each row of crops. This ensures that each corn plant can directly receive water, nutrients, and oxygen. The drip irrigation pipes are located approximately 10cm away from the corn rows, ensuring that water, fertilizer, and oxygen directly reach the roots of the crops, maximizing irrigation efficiency.

[0085] Step 2: Set up non-aeration and aeration treatments, with each treatment replicated four times. The experimental design included two different treatment modes: non-aeration and aeration. Each treatment was replicated four times to ensure data reliability and scientific rigor. The non-aeration treatment served as a control group, primarily used to observe the growth performance of maize in saline-alkali soil without aeration. The aeration treatment added extra oxygen to the irrigation water, promoting root respiration and water absorption through an aeration drip irrigation system, thereby improving crop growth vigor and stress resistance. Each treatment included multiple replicates within its experimental group to evaluate the differences in effects under different treatment conditions.

[0086] Step 3: The amount of fertilizer applied is calculated according to the nutrient balance method. That is, for every 100 kg of grain produced, 2.25 kg of nitrogen, 0.7 kg of phosphorus, and 1.8 kg of potassium are absorbed. The fertilizer application rate (kg / 667 square meters) = (nutrient absorption per unit yield of crop × target yield - soil test value × 0.15 × soil effective nutrient correction coefficient) / (fertilizer nutrient content × fertilizer utilization rate). By sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, it is ensured that the fertilizer acts directly on the roots in the early stage of corn planting, which helps the roots to absorb nutrients quickly and avoids fertilizer loss and waste. In addition, through the irrigation components in the oxygenation drip irrigation device for crops in saline-alkali land, the topdressing fertilizer can be accurately delivered to the crop roots along with the irrigation water, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0087] Step 4: Before and after corn harvest, remove and recycle all irrigation components from the oxygen-enhancing drip irrigation system for crops in saline-alkali land. Before harvest, clean, inspect, and repair the irrigation components to ensure they can be used in the next planting cycle. The recycled components can be reused after proper processing to save resources and reduce costs.

[0088] Based on the effects of different treatments on maize photosynthetic physiological indicators, in one example, a photosynthesis meter was used to measure the photosynthetic physiological indicators of ear-position leaves. This required first preparing and calibrating the instrument, setting the measurement parameters according to the plant condition, accurately locating and selecting well-developed ear-position leaves free from pests and diseases, removing moisture from the leaves, and then fixing them in the leaf chamber for measurement. The table below shows the parameters of the effects of aeration drip irrigation on maize photosynthetic physiological indicators.

[0089] Table 3. Effects of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation on photosynthetic physiological indicators of maize.

[0090]

[0091] As shown in Table 3 above, the results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the ear-shaped leaves of maize treated with oxygenation was significantly increased by 18.54% compared with the non-oxygenation treatment, and its transpiration rate was significantly increased by 54.67% compared with the non-oxygenation treatment. The chlorophyll b content of the ear-shaped leaves of maize treated with oxygenation was significantly increased by 34.12% compared with the non-oxygenation treatment. There were no significant differences in stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a content between the oxygenation treatment and the non-oxygenation treatment.

[0092] Table 4 shows the effects of different treatments on maize yield, illustrating the various parameters of the impact of aeration-enhanced drip irrigation on maize yield. After aeration-enhanced drip irrigation, the maize yield in the aeration-enhanced treatment was significantly increased by 24.12% compared to the non-aeration-enhanced treatment. This indicates that aeration-enhanced drip irrigation can effectively alleviate problems such as poor physical structure and poor water permeability and aeration in saline-alkali land, promote maize plant growth, and thus increase maize yield.

[0093] Table 4. The impact of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation on maize yield

[0094]

[0095] Example 3

[0096] Reference Appendix Figure 1 This embodiment provides a general implementation process for optimizing the microenvironment of saline-alkali soil based on root zone aeration and microbial community regulation. This method is applicable to a variety of dryland crops.

[0097] Step 1: System Construction and Oxygen-Enriched Water Preparation. A drip irrigation system is deployed in saline-alkali farmland. The system head needs to integrate an oxygenation device, such as a Venturi jet injector (Mazzeiair injector 684) or a micro / nano bubble generator. During irrigation, air or oxygen is injected into the irrigation pipes through this device, ensuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in the irrigation water is stably maintained within the range of 10 mg / L to 15 mg / L, thus preparing oxygen-enriched irrigation water. The irrigation pressure is typically controlled at around 0.1 MPa, but can be adjusted according to soil texture and dripper type.

[0098] Step Two: Determine the timing of aeration irrigation. Aeration drip irrigation should cover at least one critical oxygen-demanding or stress-sensitive growth stage of the target crop. For example, for gramineous crops, continuous or intermittent aeration irrigation can be carried out from the jointing stage until the mid-to-late reproductive growth stage to ensure that the root zone environment is continuously improved during the stage when the crop's oxygen demand is high.

[0099] Step 3: Implement synergistic optimization of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation and microenvironment. The prepared oxygen-enriched irrigation water is directly delivered to the crop root zone through the drip irrigation system. This process simultaneously achieves optimization at two levels: 1) Physicochemical level optimization: refer to the appendix... Figure 2 The input of oxygen-enriched water directly and rapidly increased the dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential (Eh) of the root zone soil, alleviating the hypoxia caused by saline-alkali compaction and irrigation, thereby promoting soil structure improvement (such as reducing bulk density and increasing the proportion of large aggregates) and nutrient form transformation. 2) Biological level regulation: refer to the appendix Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 Appendix Figure 6 The created oxygen-rich environment allows for "natural selection" and targeted regulation of the rhizosphere microbial community, significantly stimulating the growth and metabolic activity of aerobic and facultative beneficial microorganisms (such as actinomycetes). These activated microorganisms, through functions such as secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and enhancing the activity of soil enzymes (such as catalase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase), in turn further stabilize soil structure and promote nutrient mineralization and fixation, forming a virtuous cycle of "physical oxygenation—biological activation—functional enhancement." (See attached diagram.) Figure 3 Appendix Figure 7 Appendix Figure 8 Ultimately, this systematically optimizes the root zone soil microenvironment, promoting crop growth and yield formation. (See attached document for reference.) Figure 9 To be continued Figure 11 .

[0100] Example 4

[0101] This embodiment is based on a complete field experiment conducted in the coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta, specifically demonstrating the application process and comprehensive improvement effect of the method of the present invention throughout the entire growth cycle of maize. The soil of the experimental site is a typical coastal saline tidal soil with the following properties: pH value 8.27, bulk density 1.31 g / cm³, and total salt content 0.24%.

[0102] 1. Experimental Design and Implementation Methods:

[0103] The experiment included four treatments to explore the effects of different aeration periods: conventional drip irrigation without aeration (CK), aeration before the V12 (12-leaf stage) of maize (T1), aeration from the VT (tasseling) stage to physiological maturity of maize (T2), and aeration throughout the entire growth period (T3). A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Aeration was achieved using a Venturi jet, increasing and stabilizing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the irrigation water at approximately 10 mg / L. Irrigation regimes and water and fertilizer management were consistent across all treatments.

[0104] 2. Implementation Results and Data Analysis:

[0105] The following data are all from this field experiment, which systematically reveals the promoting effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on soil microenvironment and maize growth.

[0106] Immediate improvement of soil redox environment: See attached reference. Figure 2 Following an irrigation event, the soil redox potential of the aeration treatments (T1, T2, T3) was significantly higher than that of the control (CK) treatment within 6 to 18 hours, with the T1 treatment showing an average increase of 8.9% during the observation period. This indicates that the present invention can rapidly alleviate the hypoxia in the root zone after irrigation.

[0107] Its effect on optimizing soil physical structure: see attached document Figure 3 During the maize maturity stage, in the 20-30cm soil depth, the soil bulk density of treatments T2 and T3 was significantly reduced by 12.58% and 11.95% respectively compared to the control (CK), indicating that continuous aeration can effectively improve deep soil compaction and enhance permeability in saline-alkali soils. (See attached reference.) Figure 4 Oxygenation treatments (especially T2 and T3) increased the proportion of water-stable soil aggregates with a particle size of 0.25-5 mm and reduced the content of easily dispersed micro-aggregates (<0.25 mm). Further, refer to the appendix... Figure 5 and attached Figure 6 Soil aggregate stability indices showed that, in the critical root layer of 10-20 cm, the average weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the T3 treatment were 20.0% and 23.1% higher than those of the control (CK), respectively, demonstrating that aeration significantly enhanced soil structure stability.

[0108] Activation effect on soil biochemical activity: see attached document Figure 7 Oxygenation treatment significantly increased soil enzyme activity. For example, during the mid-grouting stage, the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase in the T3 treatment were significantly increased by 8.2%, 24.8%, 19.2%, and 21.8%, respectively, compared to the control (CK). (See attached reference.) Figure 8 Furthermore, the contents of proteins and humic acid associated with microbial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) synthesis were significantly increased under aeration treatment. These data collectively demonstrate that this invention effectively activates the biochemical reaction intensity of the rhizosphere soil.

[0109] Targeted regulation of rhizosphere microbial community structure: Reference Appendix Figure 9 At the phylum level, the abundance of aerobic actinomycetes was higher in the aerobic treatments (T2, T3) than in the control (CK) and T1 treatments. This confirms that aerobic treatment creates a favorable environment and positively selects beneficial functional microorganisms.

[0110] Comprehensive regulation of soil nutrient supply status: (See attached document) Figure 10 Oxygenation treatment optimized soil nutrient availability and form. At maturity, the available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen contents in the T3 treatment soil were 17.0% and 50.1% higher than those in the control (CK), respectively, while the ammonium nitrogen content decreased significantly in the mid-grain filling stage. This helped reduce nitrogen loss and promote the conversion of nitrogen to more readily absorbed forms.

[0111] Ultimately, this will improve the physiology and yield of corn plants: (See attached reference) Figure 11 To be continued Figure 17 Oxygenation treatments (T2, T3) significantly promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, as well as dry matter, during the grain-filling and ripening stages of maize. (See attached reference.) Figure 18 To be continued Figure 20 Oxygenation treatment increased the chlorophyll b content, photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate of the ear-level leaves in maize. Finally, refer to the appendix... Figure 21 The maize yields of the T2 and T3 treatments were significantly increased by 19.49% and 24.01% respectively compared to the CK.

[0112] 3. Summary of Examples:

[0113] This field example fully demonstrates that implementing the oxygen-enhanced drip irrigation method described in this invention can rapidly improve the oxygen environment in the root zone, subsequently improving soil physical structure, significantly activating soil enzymes and microbial activity, optimizing the microbial community composition, and comprehensively regulating nutrient supply patterns. Ultimately, this systematic optimization of the soil microenvironment translates into considerable agronomic benefits, including enhanced crop photosynthetic capacity, increased dry matter and nutrient accumulation, and significantly improved yield. The effects are particularly pronounced with oxygenation throughout the entire growth period (T3) or during the critical reproductive growth period (T2).

[0114] Example 5

[0115] This embodiment is based on a greenhouse potted plant control experiment, aiming to clarify the quantitative basis of oxygen concentration and key period screening in the method of the present invention, and to reveal its universality and internal physiological mechanism for different salt-tolerant varieties.

[0116] 1. Determination of oxygenation concentration and timing:

[0117] Under simulated saline-alkali conditions in pots, a screening experiment was conducted on the oxygenation concentration of irrigation water at two key seedling stages: V3 (three-leaf stage) and V6 (six-leaf stage). Three levels of oxygen were set: low oxygen (5 mg / L, simulating conventional irrigation), medium oxygen (10 mg / L), and high oxygen (15 mg / L). The results showed that the promoting effect of oxygenated drip irrigation on root growth increased with increasing concentration, and the effect was significantly better at stage V6 than at stage V3. (See attached reference) Figure 22 The results clearly show that the root system is denser and more developed under high-oxygen treatment. Specific quantitative data indicate that applying 15 mg / L of high-oxygen water at the V6 stage yielded the best results. Under this treatment, the total root length, root surface area, and aboveground dry weight of maize seedlings increased significantly by 68.01%, 43.93%, and 74.74%, respectively, compared to the low-oxygen control. This result provides clear optimization parameters for the application of this invention in the seedling stage: using approximately 15 mg / L of oxygen-enriched irrigation water at the V6 jointing stage.

[0118] 2. The regulatory effects and mechanisms on different salt-tolerant varieties:

[0119] To verify the effectiveness of this invention on crops with different genetic backgrounds, the salt-tolerant variety "Liyuan 296" and the non-salt-tolerant variety "Ludan 981" were used as materials, and oxygenated drip irrigation (15mg / L) and conventional drip irrigation were uniformly carried out at the V6 stage.

[0120] General Promotion of Root Growth and Variety Differences: Oxygenated drip irrigation generally improved the root zone environment of both varieties, but the morphological response of the salt-tolerant varieties was more pronounced. (See attached reference) Figure 22 After oxygenation treatment, the root length and root surface area of ​​"Liyuan 296" increased by 111.74% and 137.10% respectively compared with its control, which is much greater than that of "Ludan 981" (73.04% and 71.05% respectively).

[0121] Activation of rhizosphere soil biological activity: Oxygenation treatment significantly enhanced the biochemical activity of the rhizosphere soil. (See attached reference) Figure 23 The activities of catalase and peroxidase in the root zone soil of both varieties were significantly increased after oxygenation, and the increase in soil enzyme activity of "Liyuan 296" was greater, indicating that its rhizosphere microenvironment is more sensitive to the biological response of oxygenation.

[0122] Significant Enhancement of Plant Salt-Alkali Tolerance Physiology: Oxygenated drip irrigation indirectly but profoundly enhanced the crop's own stress resistance physiology by improving the root zone environment. Firstly, the oxygenation treatment significantly increased the K⁺ / Na⁺ ratio and osmotic potential in the leaves and roots of both varieties, effectively maintaining ion homeostasis and water balance, and alleviating salt-alkali ion stress. More importantly, see Appendix... Figure 24The oxygenation treatment fully activated the plant's antioxidant system. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of both varieties were significantly enhanced, effectively clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated under salt-alkali stress and reducing oxidative damage. Among them, the physiological improvement of the salt-alkali tolerant variety "Liyuan 296" (such as an increase of 139.04% in antioxidant enzyme activity) was generally greater than that of "Ludan 981", which is consistent with its stronger morphological and soil response, and together explains its higher dry matter accumulation (86.90% increase after oxygenation compared to the control).

[0123] 3. Summary of Examples:

[0124] This greenhouse example further validates the method of this invention from two levels: quantitative parameter screening and elucidation of its underlying mechanism. It clarifies the optimal timing (V6 stage) for applying this invention during the maize seedling stage and the recommended oxygen concentration (around 15 mg / L). It also demonstrates that the method is effective for different salt-tolerant varieties, and its mechanism of action involves increasing oxygenation in the root zone → promoting root development and soil biological activity → enhancing plant ion homeostasis and antioxidant capacity, ultimately leading to increased biomass accumulation. This provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the flexible application of this invention to different varieties in the field.

[0125] Example 6

[0126] This embodiment aims to specifically illustrate the universal application effect of the method of the present invention on crops with different genetic backgrounds (salt-alkali tolerance characteristics). By comparing the response differences between salt-alkali tolerant varieties and ordinary varieties under the same aeration treatment, the wide applicability of the method of the present invention on saline-alkali land is verified, and its role in enhancing the stress resistance potential of crops is revealed.

[0127] 1. Experimental Design and Methods:

[0128] This experiment was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions to simulate a saline-alkali environment (the basic soil properties were the same as in the aforementioned examples). The previously validated salt-alkali tolerant maize variety 'Liyuan 296' (LY) and the non-salt-alkali tolerant maize variety 'Ludan 981' (LD) were selected as experimental materials.

[0129] Set up 4 processes:

[0130] LYCK: Salt-tolerant variety 'Liyuan 296' + conventional drip irrigation (control, dissolved oxygen ≈ 5 mg / L)

[0131] LYA: Salt-tolerant variety 'Liyuan 296' + oxygen-enriched drip irrigation (dissolved oxygen = 15mg / L)

[0132] LDCK: Non-salt-tolerant variety 'Ludan 981' + conventional drip irrigation (control, dissolved oxygen ≈ 5 mg / L)

[0133] LDA: Non-salt-alkali tolerant variety 'Ludan 981' + oxygenated drip irrigation (dissolved oxygen = 15mg / L)

[0134] The experiment began with oxygenation treatment at the V6 stage (jointing stage) of maize and ended at that stage. Soil properties, plant physiological indicators, and growth status in the root zone were measured and compared for each treatment.

[0135] 2. Reference Appendix Figure 26-28 Implementation results and comparative analysis:

[0136] General improvement of the root zone soil environment:

[0137] Oxygenated drip irrigation had a positive impact on the root zone microenvironment of both varieties. Compared with their respective conventional irrigation controls, the oxygenated treatments (LYA and LDA) increased the average dissolved oxygen concentration in the root zone soil by about 10.5% and significantly reduced the soil exchangeable sodium ion content (LYA reduced by 16.44% compared to LYCK, and LDA reduced by 14.38% compared to LDCK), effectively alleviating sodium ion toxicity.

[0138] Differential promotion of root growth:

[0139] Oxygenation treatment significantly promoted root growth in both varieties, but the salt-tolerant variety exhibited greater morphological plasticity. Root length and root surface area in the LYA treatment significantly increased by 111.74% and 137.10% compared to its control (LYCK), respectively. Root length in the LDA treatment also significantly increased by 73.04% compared to its control (LDCK). This indicates that the method of this invention can effectively activate the root potential of different varieties, with the salt-tolerant variety showing a more rapid response.

[0140] Comprehensive enhancement of plant salt and alkali tolerance physiology:

[0141] Oxygenated drip irrigation improves the root zone environment and profoundly regulates the plant's stress tolerance physiology.

[0142] Ion homeostasis and osmotic regulation: Oxygenation treatment significantly increased the K⁺ / Na⁺ ratio and osmotic potential in the leaves and roots of both varieties, indicating that it effectively maintained intracellular ion balance and water status, and directly countered salt and alkali stress.

[0143] Antioxidant system activation, see attached document. Figure 24Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of different varieties: This is the core physiological mechanism by which this invention alleviates oxidative stress. After oxygenation treatment, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of both varieties were significantly enhanced. For example, catalase activity in LYA and LDA treatments increased by 139.04% and 106.75% compared to the control, respectively; superoxide dismutase activity increased by 55.33% and 28.41%, respectively. The salt-tolerant variety 'Liyuan 296' showed greater increases in all antioxidant enzyme activities than 'Ludan 981', indicating that its endogenous stress resistance system was more fully mobilized.

[0144] Enhancement of photosynthetic capacity and final growth:

[0145] The improved physiological condition directly translated into growth advantage. Oxygenation treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate (LYA and LDA increased by 13.74% and 9.36% respectively compared to their controls) and leaf area in both varieties. Ultimately, the total aboveground dry matter accumulation in the LYA treatment increased by 86.90% compared to LYCK, and in the LDA treatment by 57.55% compared to LDCK. Salt-tolerant varieties achieved even greater gains in biomass accumulation.

[0146] 3. Summary of Examples:

[0147] This embodiment clearly demonstrates that the oxygen-enhancing drip irrigation method described in this invention has a significant improvement effect on maize varieties with different salt and alkali tolerance characteristics, exhibiting good varietal applicability. Its mechanism of action is consistent: improving the oxygen environment in the root zone → promoting root development and soil sodium ion leaching → enhancing plant ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant capacity → ultimately improving photosynthesis and biomass accumulation.

[0148] Meanwhile, the experiment revealed that varietal differences do not affect the direction of the technology's effectiveness, but rather the intensity of its response. Salt-tolerant varieties, due to their stronger genetic potential, exhibit higher utilization efficiency for oxygenation in root system construction, physiological regulation, and nutrient accumulation. This means that the method of this invention is not only applicable to ordinary varieties for "disaster reduction and yield protection" in saline-alkali land agriculture, but can also be used to tap the "high-yield potential" of salt-tolerant varieties, demonstrating broad application flexibility and value.

[0149] Example 7

[0150] This embodiment aims to clarify the key operating parameters of the method of the present invention when applied to crop seedlings, and to provide a direct basis for determining the optimal technical solution by comparing the effects of different oxygenation periods and concentration combinations.

[0151] 1. Experimental Design and Methods:

[0152] This experiment was conducted in pots under saline-alkali soil conditions in a greenhouse. Three treatments were set for dissolved oxygen concentration in irrigation water during the two key seedling stages of maize—V3 stage (three-leaf stage) and V6 stage (six-leaf stage):

[0153] Low oxygen treatment (LO): 5 mg / L, simulating conventional irrigation.

[0154] Medium oxygen treatment (MO): 10 mg / L.

[0155] High oxygen treatment (HO): 15 mg / L.

[0156] Root morphology and aboveground growth indicators of maize seedlings under different treatment combinations were measured.

[0157] 2. Implementation Results and Parameter Determination:

[0158] The experimental results show that the promoting effect of oxygenation on seedlings has significant effects based on time and concentration.

[0159] Stage effect: Oxygenation treatment during stage V6 generally promotes root and aboveground growth better than stage V3. For example, under the same high oxygen (15 mg / L) conditions, stage V6 treatment significantly increased root length and aboveground dry weight than stage V3 treatment.

[0160] Concentration effect: In both periods, the higher the oxygen concentration, the stronger the promoting effect. High oxygen treatment (15 mg / L) consistently showed the best results.

[0161] Reference Appendix Figures 29-31 Optimal combination confirmation: A comprehensive comparison of all treatments showed that applying irrigation water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 15 mg / L during the V6 stage had the most significant promoting effect on maize seedling growth. (See attached reference) Figure 21 (Scanning images of maize root morphology after different periods and concentrations of oxygenation treatment) clearly show that the root system was most developed under the high-oxygen treatment at stage V6. Specific data show that this treatment (V6-HO) significantly increased seedling root length, root surface area, and aboveground dry weight by 68.01%, 43.93%, and 74.74%, respectively, compared to the low-oxygen control (V6-LO) at the same time period.

[0162] 3. Summary of Examples:

[0163] This embodiment, through rigorous controlled experiments, determined that under saline-alkali soil conditions, applying a higher oxygen concentration (approximately 15 mg / L) of irrigation water for aeration drip irrigation at the early jointing stage (V6 stage) of crops yields the best seedling growth promotion effect. This result provides crucial guidance on timing and concentration parameters for the scientific and efficient application of the method of this invention in field production.

[0164] Example 8

[0165] To more conveniently implement the oxygen-enriched drip irrigation method in the above embodiments, a novel oxygen-enriched drip irrigation device has also been invented:

[0166] like Figures 32 to 35 As shown, first assemble the various components. The operator checks the connection status of the water inlet pipe 31 and fertilizer supply pipe 32 to the tank 2 to ensure that the connection is secure and prevent water or fertilizer leakage. At the same time, start the oxygen supply system 4 and check the working status of the oxygen generator or compressor to ensure that the oxygen system 4 can provide oxygen normally.

[0167] Afterwards, the water inlet pipe 31, fertilizer supply pipe 32, and oxygen supply system 4 are started to allow water, fertilizer solution, and oxygen to flow into the jetting device 7 through the first fitting 312, the second fitting 322, and the third fitting 42. The jetting device 7 then delivers the water, fertilizer solution, and oxygen at high speed to the gas-liquid mixing pump 8 for mixing, thereby forming a mixed medium which is then injected into the tank 2. Alternatively, the jetting device 7 delivers the water, fertilizer solution, and oxygen at high speed into the tank 2, where the stirring blades 93 inside the tank 2 rotate to further mix the water, fertilizer solution, and oxygen, and removes unmixed gas from the top, thus forming a stable mixed medium.

[0168] Finally, the mixed medium in tank 2 is distributed to the soil containing crops through mixing pipe 5 or irrigation component 6 to carry out oxygenated irrigation to ensure the nutrients and respiration of crop roots, thereby improving the soil environment of saline-alkali land and increasing crop growth efficiency and yield.

[0169] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application for regulating soil microbial communities through root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Increase the abundance of actinomycetes in the root zone soil.

2. An application of regulating soil physicochemical structure through root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It increases the dissolved oxygen content and redox potential of the root zone soil, reduces soil bulk density, especially at a soil depth of 20-30cm; and increases the content of water-stable aggregates with a particle size greater than 0.25mm in the soil, thereby increasing the average weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of soil aggregates.

3. A method for aerating and regulating soil physicochemical structure and microbial community in the root zone of saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: During crop growth, oxygen-enriched irrigation water is continuously delivered to the crop root zone soil through a drip irrigation system; the oxygen-enriched irrigation water is prepared by an integrated water, fertilizer and gas irrigation device, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the irrigation water is maintained between 10 mg / L and 15 mg / L; the period of oxygen-enriched drip irrigation covers at least one critical growth period of the crop, the critical growth period including the stage of simultaneous vegetative and reproductive growth of the crop to the late stage of reproductive growth; S2: Through the continuous delivery of the oxygen-enriched irrigation water, the dissolved oxygen content and redox potential of the root zone soil are increased, and the structure of the rhizosphere soil microbial community is simultaneously regulated to promote the abundance of aerobic and functional beneficial microorganisms.

4. An application of regulating soil catalase activity based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It increased the activity of soil catalase by more than 63.71%.

5. An application based on regulating soil sucrase activity through root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It increased soil sucrase activity by more than 159.7%.

6. An application of regulating soil urease activity based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It increased soil urease activity by more than 8.54%.

7. An application of regulating soil alkaline phosphatase activity based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, It increased the activity of soil alkaline phosphatase by more than 29.13%.

8. An application for increasing crop yield based on oxygenation in the root zone of saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Effects on promoting crop root development and dry matter accumulation: Crop root length increased by more than 47.71%; crop root surface area increased by more than 43.93%; and total dry matter weight of crop aboveground parts increased by more than 74.7%.

9. The application of increasing crop yield based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land according to claim 8, characterized in that, Achieve a crop yield increase of over 24.12%.

10. A method for increasing crop yield and regulating soil enzyme activity in saline-alkali land based on root zone oxygenation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select crop varieties with strong stress resistance and plant them in coastal saline-alkali soil; Step 2: Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as seed fertilizer or base fertilizer evenly into the soil, and distribute the fertilizer in the soil layer below 10cm. Step 3: Timely mechanical sowing, when the relative soil moisture content reaches 70%-80%; Step 4: During the critical growth period of the crop, irrigation water with a dissolved oxygen content of 15 mg / L is delivered to the soil around the crop roots through a drip irrigation system, so that the relative moisture content of the soil reaches 70%.

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