Teaching test system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a teaching test system and a control method thereof. The teaching test system comprises a control circuit, a ray tube driving unit, an X-ray tube and a feedback display unit. The ray tube driving unit outputs a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value and a driving current corresponding to the analog tube current value, and the test voltage signal and the driving current are both safe voltages; a cathode filament in the X-ray tube emits light under the action of driving current, and a target surface in a rotating anode of the cathode filament is in a suspended state; and the feedback display unit collects and displays the actually output test voltage signal and the driving current. On the basis, the risks of X-ray radiation and high-voltage shock are eliminated through anode suspension and safe voltage power supply, so that the teaching experiment system is compact in structure and low in cost, a shielding machine room and large supporting facilities do not need to be arranged, and the internal structure and working parameters of the X-ray tube can be visually displayed; a plurality of students can observe and learn at the same time, and medical imaging technology teaching practice requirements are effectively met.

Description

A teaching experiment system and its control method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical imaging teaching equipment, and in particular to a teaching experimental system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of medical imaging technology education, the principle and structure of X-ray high-voltage generators are part of the curriculum, and students need to gain a deeper understanding of their working principles through hands-on practice. However, in actual teaching, using a real clinical X-ray generator poses a potential risk of radiation exposure for both teachers and students because it relies on high voltage to drive the X-ray tube and generate ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the high voltage itself presents a serious safety hazard. Secondly, installing a real generator requires a shielded room, large power distribution facilities, and an independent cooling system, which ordinary teaching laboratories cannot meet. This makes the equipment immobile, difficult to disassemble, and prevents multiple students from simultaneously observing its internal structure and circuit connections. Therefore, using a real X-ray high-voltage generator in actual teaching experiments is not convenient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a teaching experimental system and its control method. By suspending the anode and supplying power with a safe voltage, the risks of X-ray radiation and high-voltage electric shock are eliminated. Therefore, the teaching experimental system in this application has a compact structure and low cost. It does not require the setting up of a shielded room and large supporting facilities. It can also intuitively display the internal structure and working parameters of the X-ray tube, which is convenient for multiple students to observe and learn at the same time, effectively meeting the teaching and practice needs of medical imaging technology.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a teaching experimental system, comprising: a control circuit for receiving the voltage and current values ​​of an analog tube; an X-ray tube driving unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the first output terminal of the control circuit, for outputting a test voltage signal corresponding to the voltage value of the analog tube and a driving current corresponding to the current value of the analog tube, wherein the voltages corresponding to the test voltage signal and the driving current are both safe voltages; an X-ray tube, the cathode filament of which is connected to the first output terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit, for emitting light under the action of the driving current; the target surface of the rotating anode in the X-ray tube is in a suspended state; and a feedback display unit, the input terminal of which is connected to both the first and second output terminals of the X-ray tube driving unit, for acquiring and displaying the test voltage signal and driving current actually output by the X-ray tube driving unit.

[0005] Preferably, it further includes a rotating anode driving circuit, the control terminal of which is connected to the second output terminal of the control circuit, and the output terminal of the feedback display unit is connected to the feedback input terminal of the control circuit, for driving the rotor of the rotating anode to rotate based on the control of the control circuit; the rotor of the rotating anode in the X-ray tube is coaxially connected to the target surface, the rotor is connected to the output terminal of the rotating anode driving circuit, and the rotor is used to drive the target surface to rotate based on the drive of the rotating anode driving circuit.

[0006] Preferably, the control circuit includes a human-machine interface device and a control board; the human-machine interface device is used to receive the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value; the input terminal of the control board is connected to the output terminal of the human-machine interface device, and the first output terminal of the control board is connected to the input terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit, for controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output based on the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes a grounding resistance testing module; the control terminal of the grounding resistance testing module is connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit, and is used to adjust its own resistance value based on the control of the control circuit.

[0008] Preferably, the grounding resistance testing module includes a plurality of test resistors and a plurality of test switches corresponding one-to-one with each of the test resistors; the first ends of each of the test resistors are interconnected, the second ends of each of the test resistors are respectively connected to the first ends of the corresponding test switches, and the second ends of each of the test switches are interconnected; the control terminal of each of the test switches is connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit, and is used to turn on or off based on the control of the control circuit; the first ends of each of the test resistors and the second ends of each of the test switches are grounding resistance testing ports.

[0009] Preferably, the X-ray tube driving unit includes: an analog signal generating subunit for outputting AC power; a rectifier teaching subunit, wherein the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit is connected to the output terminal of the analog signal generating subunit, and the control terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit is connected to the first sub-output terminal of the control circuit, for receiving the AC power and rectifying the AC power based on the control of the control circuit, and outputting a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value; a rectifier teaching load unit, wherein the input terminal of the rectifier teaching load unit is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit, for simulating the load characteristics of the X-ray tube; and a filament driving subunit, wherein the control terminal of the filament driving subunit is connected to the second sub-output terminal of the control circuit, and the output terminal of the filament driving subunit is connected to the cathode filament in the X-ray tube, for outputting a driving current corresponding to the analog tube current value.

[0010] Preferably, the X-ray tube driving unit further includes: a first test port, which is disposed at the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit; and a second test port, which is disposed at the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit.

[0011] Preferably, the rectifier teaching subunit includes one or more combinations of a single-phase full-wave rectifier circuit, a half-wave rectifier circuit, and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the rectifier teaching load unit includes one of a fixed resistive load, an adjustable resistive load, a nonlinear load, and a dynamic load circuit; the control terminal of the dynamic load circuit is connected to the fourth output terminal of the control circuit, and is used to change the load impedance based on the control of the control circuit.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a test start indication unit; the output terminal of the test start indication unit is connected to the input terminal of the control circuit, and is used to start the control circuit after receiving the test start indication signal.

[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a control method for a teaching experimental system, which is applied to the control circuit of the teaching experimental system as described above. The method includes: controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value; and controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a driving current corresponding to the received analog tube current value.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes: controlling the X-ray tube driving unit based on the received preset exposure time, so that the duration of the X-ray tube driving unit outputting the test voltage signal and the driving current is the preset exposure time.

[0016] Preferably, the method further includes: adjusting the analog tube voltage value and acquiring the test voltage signal output by the X-ray tube driving unit based on each of the analog tube voltage values ​​to generate tube voltage test data; and / or adjusting the analog tube current value and acquiring the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit based on each of the analog tube ammeter values ​​to generate tube current test data; and / or adjusting the preset exposure time and acquiring the actual duration of the test voltage signal and the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit based on each of the preset exposure times to generate exposure time test data.

[0017] Preferably, before controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value, the method further includes: determining the actual operating power based on the received capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value; if the actual operating power is not greater than a preset operating power, controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a capacity test driving current corresponding to the capacity test tube current value, and acquiring the capacity test driving current; adjusting the capacity test tube voltage value and the capacity test tube current value to determine the capacity of the X-ray tube based on the acquired capacity test tube current value and the acquired capacity test tube voltage value.

[0018] Preferably, the method further includes: after starting based on the test start indication signal, controlling the rotating anode drive circuit to output an initial control voltage so that the rotor of the rotating anode rotates at an initial speed corresponding to the initial control voltage, and obtaining the actual initial speed of the rotor of the rotating anode; after a preset interval time, controlling the rotating anode drive circuit to output a preset control voltage so that the rotor of the rotating anode rotates at a preset speed corresponding to the preset control voltage, and obtaining the actual speed of the rotor of the rotating anode.

[0019] Preferably, after controlling the output of the X-ray tube driving unit to output a driving current corresponding to the received analog tube current value, the method further includes: obtaining the inverter frequency of the inverter circuit inside the filament driving subunit of the X-ray tube driving unit.

[0020] This application provides a teaching experimental system and its control method, including a control circuit, an X-ray tube driving unit, an X-ray tube, and a feedback display unit. The X-ray tube driving unit outputs a test voltage signal corresponding to the simulated tube voltage value and a driving current corresponding to the simulated tube current value. Both the test voltage signal and the driving current are safe voltages. The cathode filament in the X-ray tube emits light under the action of the driving current, and its anode connection terminal is in a floating state. The feedback display unit collects and displays the actual output test voltage signal and driving current. Based on this, by using a floating anode and safe voltage power supply, the risks of X-ray radiation and high-voltage electric shock are eliminated. Therefore, the teaching experimental system in this application has a compact structure and low cost, does not require the setting up of a shielded room and large supporting facilities, and can intuitively display the internal structure and working parameters of the X-ray tube, facilitating simultaneous observation and learning by multiple students, effectively meeting the needs of medical imaging technology teaching practice. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a teaching experiment system provided in this application; Figure 2 is a detailed structural schematic diagram of a teaching experiment system provided in this application; Figure 3 is a flowchart of a control method for a teaching experiment system provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The core of this invention is to provide a teaching experimental system and its control method. By suspending the anode and supplying power with a safe voltage, the risks of X-ray radiation and high-voltage electric shock are eliminated. Therefore, the teaching experimental system in this application has a compact structure and low cost. It does not require the setting up of a shielded room and large supporting facilities. It can also intuitively display the internal structure and working parameters of the X-ray tube, which is convenient for multiple students to observe and learn at the same time, effectively meeting the teaching and practice needs of medical imaging technology.

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of a teaching experimental system provided in this application. The system includes: a control circuit 1 for receiving the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value; an X-ray tube driving unit 2, the input terminal of which is connected to the first output terminal of the control circuit 1, for outputting a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value and a driving current corresponding to the analog tube current value, wherein the voltages corresponding to the test voltage signal and the driving current are both safe voltages; an X-ray tube 3, the cathode filament 31 in the X-ray tube 3 is connected to the first output terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit 2, for emitting light under the action of the driving current; the target surface 322 of the rotating anode 32 in the X-ray tube 3 is in a suspended state; and a feedback display unit 4, the input terminal of which is connected to both the first and second output terminals of the X-ray tube driving unit 2, and the output terminal of which is connected to the feedback input terminal of the control circuit 1, for acquiring and displaying the test voltage signal and driving current actually output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2.

[0026] In the current field of medical imaging equipment, teaching X-ray imaging equipment typically involves using actual machines. However, these machines generate real X-rays, which are harmful to the human body, making them unsuitable for prolonged experimental teaching scenarios. This results in low teaching efficiency, as students cannot understand the internal structure and working principles of X-ray imaging equipment. Furthermore, actual machines require installation in shielded and protected rooms equipped with large power distribution equipment and independent cooling systems. Therefore, teaching with actual machines is costly and makes it inconvenient to set up multiple machines for teaching, thus hindering simultaneous experimental learning by multiple students.

[0027] In this application, a teaching experimental system for X-ray imaging equipment specifically designed for teaching purposes is presented, compared to a real machine. The control circuit 1 is the core of this system. Control circuit 1 receives simulated tube voltage and current values ​​input by the user, corresponding to the tube voltage (kV) and tube current (mA) during X-ray exposure on a real machine, respectively. By setting up an independent control circuit 1 to receive user-defined parameters, the operational logic of setting exposure parameters by the operator on a real machine can be realistically reproduced, enabling students to first grasp the basic parameter concepts of X-ray exposure. This control circuit 1 can be implemented using, but is not limited to, conventional microcontrollers or programmable logic devices.

[0028] The input terminal of the X-ray tube drive unit 2 is connected to the first output terminal of the control circuit 1. Its function is to output corresponding electrical signals according to the set parameters received by the control circuit 1. Specifically, the X-ray tube drive unit 2 outputs a test voltage signal corresponding to the simulated tube voltage value and a drive current corresponding to the simulated tube current value. The test voltage signal is used to simulate the high voltage output of the high voltage generator in the actual X-ray machine, while the drive current is used to drive the cathode filament 31 inside the X-ray tube 3. It is important to emphasize that the voltages corresponding to the test voltage signal and the drive current are both safe voltages, that is, they comply with the safety voltage levels specified in the national standard GB3805 (such as 12V or 24V). By limiting all output signals to a safe voltage range, the safety hazard of high-voltage electric shock in traditional actual machine teaching is fundamentally eliminated. Students can directly observe circuit waveforms and measure parameters without the risk of electric shock, achieving safe teaching practice.

[0029] This embodiment retains the actual X-ray tube 3 as a teaching demonstration component. Specifically, the cathode filament 31 in the X-ray tube 3 is connected to the first output terminal of the X-ray tube drive unit 2, and is used to emit light under the action of driving current. This cathode filament is the actual tungsten cathode filament of the X-ray tube 3. When it is powered on and emits light, students can intuitively observe the physical phenomenon of the cathode filament heating and generating electrons, deepening their understanding of the principle of cathode electron emission. Crucially, the target surface 322 of the rotating anode 32 in the X-ray tube 3 is in a suspended state. This structural feature is fundamentally different from the real machine: in the real machine, the target surface 322 needs to be connected to a high voltage to accelerate electrons to collide with the target surface 322 and generate X-rays; however, in this embodiment, the target surface 322 is not connected to any voltage source or ground terminal and is completely suspended. This means that even if the cathode filament 31 emits electrons, because there is no accelerating electric field between the anode and cathode, the electrons cannot be accelerated to form a high-speed electron beam, and therefore no X-rays are generated. While retaining the structure of the real X-ray tube 3 for observation, the design physically eliminates the radiation risk of X-rays by suspending the target surface 322, eliminating the need for an expensive shielded equipment room. This allows the teaching equipment to be used safely in ordinary classrooms and enables multiple students to learn simultaneously, improving teaching efficiency.

[0030] The input terminal of the feedback display unit 4 is connected to both the first and second output terminals of the X-ray tube drive unit 2. It is used to acquire and display the actual output test voltage signal and drive current of the X-ray tube drive unit 2. The output terminal of the feedback display unit 4 is also connected to the feedback input terminal of the control circuit 1, so that the acquired test voltage signal and drive current are fed back to the control circuit 1. The control circuit can then save and process the test voltage signal and drive current. The specific processing procedure is described below and will not be repeated here. The feedback display unit 4 can take various forms, including a current sampling circuit, a voltage sampling circuit, a digital display screen, a pointer meter, or an oscilloscope. By setting up the feedback display unit 4, students can observe the correspondence between the actual output value and the set value in real time after adjusting the analog tube voltage and analog tube current values, and understand the adjustment principle of the tube voltage and tube current. At the same time, the setting of the feedback display unit 4 allows students to intuitively compare the set value and the measured value, understand the working characteristics of the X-ray high-voltage generator, and improve the teaching effect.

[0031] In summary, a complete teaching and experimental system for an X-ray high-voltage generator was constructed by setting up an independent control circuit 1, an integrated X-ray tube drive unit 2, a realistically retained but suspended X-ray tube 3, and a real-time feedback display unit 4. This system, while eliminating the risks of high-voltage electric shock and X-ray radiation, realistically replicates the parameter setting logic, circuit connections, and device structure of the actual machine. It features high safety, low cost, compact structure, and intuitive teaching, and can meet the needs of practical teaching of X-ray high-voltage generators in the field of medical imaging technology education.

[0032] For ease of understanding, exposure time refers to the time during which X-ray tube 3 continuously emits X-rays, which is related to image clarity; tube voltage refers to the voltage difference between the target surface 322 of the rotating anode 32 in X-ray tube 3 and the cathode filament, which is related to the energy of X-rays; and tube current refers to the current intensity of electrons emitted by the cathode filament in X-ray tube 3, which is related to the intensity of X-rays.

[0033] In summary, by suspending the anode and supplying power with a safe voltage, the risks of X-ray radiation and high-voltage electric shock are eliminated. Therefore, the teaching experimental system in this application has a compact structure and low cost, does not require the setting up of a shielded room and large supporting facilities, and can intuitively display the internal structure and working parameters of the X-ray tube 3, making it convenient for multiple students to observe and learn at the same time, effectively meeting the teaching and practice needs of medical imaging technology.

[0034] Based on the above embodiments: Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of a teaching experiment system provided in this application.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, a rotating anode drive circuit 5 is also included. The control terminal of the rotating anode drive circuit 5 is connected to the second output terminal of the control circuit 1, and is used to drive the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 to rotate based on the control of the control circuit 1. The rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 in the X-ray tube 3 is coaxially connected to the target surface 322. The rotor 321 is connected to the output terminal of the rotating anode drive circuit 5, and the rotor 321 is used to drive the target surface 322 to rotate based on the drive of the rotating anode drive circuit 5.

[0036] In this embodiment, to further enhance the authenticity and completeness of the teaching, the system also integrates the control function of the rotating anode 32. Specifically, the control terminal of the rotating anode drive circuit 5 is connected to the second output terminal of the control circuit 1. Through this connection, the control circuit 1 can send control signals to the rotating anode drive circuit 5 according to a preset timing sequence, thereby realizing full-process control of the starting, acceleration, and maintenance of the rotating anode 32. The rotating anode drive circuit 5 can be constructed using general-purpose motor drive chips and power devices, and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0037] The rotating anode 32 in the X-ray tube 3 includes a rotor 321 and a target surface 322, which are coaxially connected. The rotor 321 is connected to the output of the rotating anode drive circuit 5. The rotating anode drive circuit 5 generates a rotating magnetic field through an external stator coil, driving the rotor 321 to rotate the target surface 322 at high speed. By setting the cooperative structure between the rotating anode drive circuit 5 and the rotating anode 32, the physical structure and driving method of the X-ray tube in the real machine are completely preserved in the teaching system. During the learning process, students can observe the entire process of the rotating anode 32 starting, accelerating, and stabilizing its rotation, and understand the role of the rotating anode 32 in dispersing the heat of the target surface 322 and improving the tube's power carrying capacity in the real machine. At the same time, since the target surface 322 in this embodiment remains suspended, although the rotating anode 32 rotates, no high voltage is applied. Therefore, the rotation of the rotating anode 32 will not produce any X-ray radiation. Students can intuitively grasp the working principle and operating sequence of the rotating anode 32 in a safe environment, such as the interval logic of starting rotation first and then simulating exposure.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the control circuit 1 includes a human-machine interface device 11 and a control board 12; the human-machine interface device 11 is used to receive the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value; the input terminal of the control board 12 is connected to the output terminal of the human-machine interface device 11, and the first output terminal of the control board 12 is connected to the input terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit 2, for controlling the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output based on the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value.

[0039] In this embodiment, to improve the convenience of human-computer interaction and control accuracy of the teaching system, the control circuit 1 further includes a human-computer interaction device 11 and a control board 12. The human-computer interaction device 11 is used to receive the analog tube voltage and current values ​​input by the user. This device can be a touch screen, a rotary encoder, a button panel, or a combination of the above. Students can intuitively complete the setting of exposure parameters through the human-computer interaction device 11, simulating the function of the operating console in a real clinical machine.

[0040] The input terminal of the control board 12 is connected to the output terminal of the human-machine interface device 11, and the first output terminal of the control board 12 is connected to the input terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit 2. The control board 12 receives the analog tube voltage and current values ​​transmitted by the human-machine interface device 11, and generates corresponding control commands based on the aforementioned set values ​​to control the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output the corresponding test voltage signal and drive current. The control board 12 may include a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and hardware implementations including a Microcontroller Unit, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), which are not limited in this application. The CPU processes the analog tube voltage and current values, while the microcontroller or processor and the filament driving board in the filament driving subunit respectively perform the control work, which are not limited in this application.

[0041] Of course, the control board 12 can also display the test voltage signal and drive current received at the feedback input terminal through the human-machine interaction device 11.

[0042] By adopting a separate circuit structure for the human-computer interaction device 11 and the control board 12, on the one hand, the human-computer interaction device 11 can flexibly select different input methods, such as touch screen or knob, according to teaching needs, to adapt to the operating habits in different teaching scenarios and improve the teaching experience; on the other hand, the control board 12, as an independent hardware module, can stably and reliably perform parameter conversion and instruction generation functions, and its output end is directly connected to the X-ray tube drive unit 2, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of control instruction transmission.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, a grounding resistance testing module is also included; the control terminal of the grounding resistance testing module is connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit 1, and is used to adjust its own resistance value based on the control of the control circuit 1.

[0044] In this embodiment, the system also integrates a grounding resistance testing module. Specifically, the control terminal of the grounding resistance testing module is connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit 1. Through this connection, the control circuit 1 can send resistance adjustment commands to the grounding resistance testing module according to the teaching demonstration requirements, thereby realizing stepped or stepless adjustment of the resistance value of the grounding resistance testing module itself. This grounding resistance testing module can be implemented using hardware including digital potentiometers, relay-controlled resistor networks, or adjustable resistors.

[0045] In teaching, the grounding resistance testing module, as an adjustable load element, can be connected in series to the grounding loop or simulated grounding path of the teaching system. Students set different grounding resistance values ​​through the human-computer interaction device 11, and the control circuit 1 then controls the grounding resistance testing module to adjust to the target resistance value. Students can simultaneously observe the resistance change through the feedback display unit 4 or an external measuring instrument. The grounding resistance testing module allows students to intuitively understand the crucial role of grounding resistance in the safety protection of X-ray high-voltage generators: excessive grounding resistance may prevent fault current from being discharged in time, increasing the risk of electric shock; while insufficient grounding resistance may cause ground loop interference, affecting equipment stability.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the grounding resistance test module 7 includes a plurality of test resistors and a plurality of test switches corresponding one-to-one with each test resistor; the first ends of each test resistor are interconnected, the second ends of each test resistor are respectively connected to the first ends of the corresponding test switches, and the second ends of each test switch are interconnected; the control end of each test switch is connected to the third output end of the control circuit 1, and is used to turn on or off based on the control of the control circuit 1; the first ends of each test resistor and the second ends of each test switch are grounding resistance test ports.

[0047] In this embodiment, the grounding resistance testing module 7 includes several test resistors and several test switches corresponding to each test resistor. By setting multiple corresponding combinations of test resistors and test switches, a variety of different resistance values ​​can be provided to meet the demonstration needs of different grounding resistance values ​​during teaching. Each test resistor can be a resistor with a different nominal resistance value, corresponding to different standard grounding resistance values, enabling students to intuitively understand the actual physical quantities of different grounding resistance levels.

[0048] In terms of circuit connections, the first terminals of each test resistor are interconnected, and the second terminals of each test resistor are connected to the first terminals of their respective test switches. The second terminals of each test switch are interconnected. This parallel circuit structure allows each test resistor to be independently connected to or disconnected from the circuit via its corresponding test switch. The control terminal of each test switch is connected to the third output terminal of control circuit 1, used to turn the circuit on or off based on the control of control circuit 1. Control circuit 1 selectively turns on one or more test switches according to the target grounding resistance value set by the user through the human-machine interface 11, thereby connecting the corresponding test resistors to the circuit and achieving a precise combination of total resistance values.

[0049] The first terminal of each test resistor and the second terminal of each test switch serve as grounding resistance test ports. These test ports are used to connect the grounding resistance test module 7 to the grounding loop or simulated grounding path of the teaching system. By clearly defining the test ports, students can clearly observe the connection position of the grounding resistance test module 7 in the circuit. During teaching, students set different grounding resistance values ​​through the human-computer interaction device 11 and observe the actual resistance value detected by the feedback display unit 4 or an external measuring instrument.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the X-ray tube driving unit 2 includes: an analog signal generating subunit 21 for outputting AC power; a rectifier teaching subunit 22, the AC input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the analog signal generating subunit 21, and the control terminal of which is connected to the first sub-output terminal of the control circuit 1, for receiving AC power and rectifying the AC power based on the control of the control circuit 1, and outputting a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value; a rectifier teaching load unit 23, the input terminal of which is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22, for simulating the load characteristics of the X-ray tube 3; and a filament driving subunit 24, the control terminal of which is connected to the second sub-output terminal of the control circuit 1, and the output terminal of which is connected to the cathode filament 31 in the X-ray tube 3, for outputting a driving current corresponding to the analog tube current value.

[0051] In this embodiment, the X-ray tube driving unit 2 includes an analog quantity generation subunit 21, a rectifier teaching subunit 22, a rectifier teaching load unit 23, and a filament driving subunit 24. The analog quantity generation subunit 21 is used to output AC power. For example, the analog quantity generation subunit 21 can be a first transformer. The primary winding of the first transformer is connected to a switching power supply, and the secondary winding of the first transformer is connected to the rectifier teaching subunit 22. After voltage transformation of the supply voltage output by the switching power supply, it provides safe AC power to the rectifier teaching subunit 22. The waveform of this AC power simulates the AC high-voltage waveform output by the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer in the real machine.

[0052] The AC input terminal of the rectification teaching subunit 22 is connected to the output terminal of the analog signal generation subunit 21, and the control terminal is connected to the first word output terminal of the control circuit 1. It is used to receive AC power, rectify it, and output the rectified test voltage signal. The rectification teaching subunit 22 can be equipped with rectifier circuits of different topologies, such as half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification, or voltage multiplier rectification. Students can switch between different rectification modes using a selector switch to observe and record the changing patterns between the input AC waveform and the output DC waveform. Through the setup of the rectification teaching subunit 22, students can intuitively understand the role of the rectifier circuit in the X-ray high-voltage generator, namely, converting AC high voltage into DC high voltage to provide a stable accelerating electric field for the X-ray tube 3.

[0053] The input terminal of the rectifier teaching load unit 23 is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22 to simulate the load characteristics of the X-ray tube 3. In the actual machine, the X-ray tube 3 acts as the load of the rectifier circuit, exhibiting nonlinear impedance characteristics: it is in a high-impedance cutoff state before exposure and transitions to a low-impedance conduction state during exposure. The rectifier teaching load unit 23 can realistically simulate the load changes of the X-ray tube 3 under different operating states by setting a fixed resistor, an adjustable resistor, or a combination circuit of diodes and resistors, or by using a dynamic load circuit. By adjusting the resistance value of the rectifier teaching load unit 23 or switching the operating mode, students can observe the dynamic process of the rectified output test voltage signal changing with the load, thereby understanding the impact of the load characteristics of the X-ray tube 3 on high voltage stability.

[0054] The control terminal of the filament drive subunit 24 is connected to the second sub-output terminal of the control circuit 1, and the output terminal of the filament drive subunit 24 is connected to the cathode filament 31 in the X-ray tube 3, used to output a drive current corresponding to the simulated tube current value. This filament drive subunit 24 is independent of the aforementioned analog quantity generation subunit 21 and rectifier teaching subunit 22, and is specifically used to control the working state of the cathode filament 31. Internally, it can adopt a structure combining an inverter circuit and a pulse width modulation circuit. Based on the simulated tube current value set by the control circuit 1, it outputs a corresponding effective value of AC or DC drive current, causing the cathode filament to produce a light emission brightness corresponding to the simulated tube current value. Through the independent setting of the filament drive subunit 24, students can clearly understand the independence of the cathode filament heating circuit and the high-voltage generation circuit in terms of physical structure and their functional synergy, and understand the principle of tube current (mA) adjustment, that is, controlling the electron emission by changing the filament heating power.

[0055] It should be noted that the filament drive subunit 24 may, but is not limited to, include a filament drive board and a simulated high-voltage oil tank. The input terminal of the filament drive board is connected to the second sub-output terminal of the control circuit 1, and the output terminal of the filament drive board is connected to the simulated high-voltage oil tank. The simulated high-voltage oil tank may, but is not limited to, include a second transformer, an inverter circuit, and a pulse width modulation circuit. The simulated tube current value output by the control circuit 1 is transmitted to the filament drive board. The filament drive board controls the pulse width modulation circuit to generate a pulse width modulation signal with a corresponding duty cycle. The pulse width modulation signal controls the conduction sequence of the power switching tube in the inverter circuit. The inverter circuit converts the supply voltage output by the switching power supply into a high-frequency AC square wave. After being stepped down and isolated by the second transformer, the high-frequency AC square wave is output to the cathode filament of the X-ray tube 3, causing the cathode filament to emit light.

[0056] Specifically, the input terminal of the inverter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the switching power supply, the control terminal of the inverter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the pulse width modulation circuit, and the output terminal of the inverter circuit is connected to the primary winding of the second transformer. The inverter circuit is used to convert the DC power supplied by the switching power supply into a high-frequency AC square wave signal, which serves as the input to the second transformer. The inverter circuit can, but is not limited to, using an H-bridge or half-bridge topology, and consists of multiple power switching transistors (such as MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) or IGBTs (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors). Under the control of the pulse width modulation circuit, the power switching transistors alternately conduct at a set frequency to achieve DC-to-AC inversion conversion.

[0057] The input of the pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit is connected to the output of the filament control board, and the output is connected to the control terminals of each power switch in the inverter circuit. The PWM circuit generates a PWM signal with a corresponding duty cycle based on the control of the filament control board. This PWM signal directly controls the on and off time ratios of the power switches in the inverter circuit. When the analog tube current increases, the duty cycle of the signal output by the PWM circuit increases, the effective value of the AC signal output by the inverter circuit increases, the cathode filament receives higher heating power, the light is brighter, and the electron emission increases. Conversely, when the analog tube current decreases, the duty cycle decreases, the cathode filament heating power decreases, and the light becomes dimmer. By setting up the PWM circuit, students can intuitively understand that the tube current (mA) controls the filament heating power by changing the duty cycle of the inverter circuit's output waveform, thereby adjusting the cathode electron emission. The pulse width modulation circuit may, but is not limited to, use a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control chip or discrete components. The duty cycle adjustment logic it executes is a known technology, and this application does not limit it.

[0058] The primary winding of the second transformer is connected to the output of the inverter circuit, and its secondary winding is connected to the cathode filament in the X-ray tube 3. The second transformer serves three purposes: first, to achieve electrical isolation, separating the pre-amplifier circuit of the filament drive subunit from the cathode filament in the X-ray tube 3, thus improving system safety; second, to perform voltage transformation, reducing the high-frequency AC voltage output by the inverter circuit to the voltage range required for filament operation; and third, to achieve impedance matching, enabling the inverter circuit to efficiently transfer power to the filament.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the X-ray tube driving unit 2 further includes: a first test port, which is located at the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22; and a second test port, which is located at the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22.

[0060] To facilitate students' observation of waveform changes at the input and output terminals of the rectifier teaching subunit 22 using external measuring equipment, the system is also equipped with a dedicated test port. Specifically, the first test port is located at the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22 and is connected in parallel to the line between the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22 and the output terminal of the analog signal generation subunit 21. Its form can be a standard banana plug socket, a BNC (Bayonet Nut Connector) coaxial interface, or a spring terminal block, or other common measuring interfaces. After connecting the oscilloscope probe to the first test port, students can directly acquire and observe the AC test voltage waveform output by the analog signal generation subunit 21, including but not limited to its amplitude, frequency, and waveform morphology.

[0061] The second test port is located at the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22. It is connected in parallel to the line between the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit 22 and the input terminal of the rectifier teaching load unit 23, and uses the same universal measurement interface as the first test port. After connecting an oscilloscope probe or multimeter to the second test port, students can collect and observe the DC test voltage waveform output by the rectifier teaching subunit 22, and intuitively understand the changes in waveform shape after half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification, or voltage doubler rectification, including but not limited to ripple frequency, ripple coefficient, and average value.

[0062] Of course, the first test port and the second test port can be directly connected to the feedback display unit 4, and this application does not limit this.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, the rectifier teaching subunit 22 includes one or more combinations of a single-phase full-wave rectifier circuit, a half-wave rectifier circuit, and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

[0064] The rectification teaching sub-unit 22 includes one or more combinations of single-phase full-wave rectifier circuits, half-wave rectifier circuits, and voltage multiplier rectifier circuits. By setting up one or more of the above rectifier circuit structures, students can observe the correspondence between the input AC waveform and the output DC waveform under different rectification methods on the same teaching experimental system, thereby understanding the application of rectifier circuits in X-ray high-voltage generators.

[0065] The half-wave rectifier circuit is composed of a single diode, and its circuit structure is the simplest. By comparing the waveforms of the first test port and the second test port, students can intuitively observe that after the sinusoidal AC signal is rectified by the half-wave rectifier, only the positive half-cycle waveform is retained, while the negative half-cycle is blocked by the diode, and the output is a unidirectional pulsating DC signal.

[0066] A single-phase full-wave rectifier circuit consists of a full-bridge rectifier structure composed of four diodes. Students can observe through waveform comparison that full-wave rectification utilizes both the positive and negative half-cycles of the input AC signal, resulting in a DC waveform with double the ripple frequency. Compared to half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification has a higher average DC voltage and a lower ripple coefficient, making it one of the most commonly used rectification methods in X-ray high-voltage generators. By comparing the output waveforms of half-wave and full-wave rectification, students can intuitively understand the advantages of full-wave rectification in improving high-voltage stability.

[0067] A voltage multiplier rectifier circuit consists of multiple diodes and capacitors connected in series to form a multi-stage voltage multiplier structure. Students can observe by comparing waveforms that voltage multiplier rectification not only converts AC to DC but also achieves a voltage multiplication effect. In X-ray high-voltage generators, voltage multiplier rectification is used to obtain the required high voltage value under conditions of lower transformer secondary voltage, thereby reducing transformer size and lowering insulation requirements. By observing the output waveforms of voltage multiplier circuits with different stages, students can understand the basic principle of voltage multiplier rectification and its working mechanism for achieving voltage multiplication in high-voltage generators.

[0068] The aforementioned rectifier circuits can be set up as independent modules, or they can be integrated into the same rectifier teaching subunit 22 via a switch. The currently connected rectifier topology can be selected by the control circuit 1 or a manual switch. Regardless of the implementation method, all rectifier circuits operate under safe voltage conditions, allowing students to safely acquire and compare input and output waveforms under different rectification methods through the first and second test ports.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, the rectifier teaching load unit 23 includes one of a fixed resistive load, an adjustable resistive load, a nonlinear load, and a dynamic load circuit; the control terminal of the dynamic load circuit is connected to the fourth output terminal of the control circuit 1, and is used to change the load impedance based on the control of the control circuit 1.

[0070] The rectifier teaching load unit 23 includes one of the following: a fixed resistive load, an adjustable resistive load, a nonlinear load, and a dynamic load circuit. By setting these different types of loads, students can observe the changing patterns of the rectified output test voltage signal under different load characteristics, thereby systematically mastering the influence mechanism of the load characteristics of the X-ray tube 3 on the working state of the high-voltage generator.

[0071] A fixed resistive load consists of one or more resistors with fixed resistance values, which remain constant in the teaching and experimental system.

[0072] Adjustable resistive loads are constructed using potentiometers or resistance boxes with adjustable resistance values. Students can manually adjust the resistance value and observe the dynamic process of the rectified output test voltage signal changing with the load. When the load resistance decreases, the output current increases, and the test voltage signal drops due to the voltage drop caused by the internal resistance. Through this experiment, students can intuitively understand the impact of load changes on the power supply output characteristics and grasp the specific application of Ohm's law in rectifier circuits.

[0073] The nonlinear load comprises at least one diode and resistor combination circuit to simulate the unidirectional conductivity of X-ray tube 3. In the actual instrument, X-ray tube 3 acts as a high-vacuum diode, exhibiting nonlinear current-voltage characteristics: before exposure, the tube current is zero, and the load is in a high-impedance cutoff state; during exposure, the tube current rapidly builds up, and the load is in a low-impedance conduction state. By setting up the nonlinear load combination of diode and resistor, students can observe the special waveform characteristics of the test voltage signal under the nonlinear load and understand the influence of the nonlinear characteristics of X-ray tube 3 on the high-voltage waveform.

[0074] The control terminal of the dynamic load circuit is electrically connected to the fourth output terminal of control circuit 1, and is used to change the load impedance based on the control of control circuit 1. The dynamic load circuit uses active devices including transistors and MOSFETs to form a programmable load, and its impedance value can be adjusted in real time by the control circuit according to the preset teaching sequence. During the simulated exposure process, control circuit 1 first controls the dynamic load circuit to maintain a high impedance state to simulate the filament preheating stage, and then controls the dynamic load circuit to switch to a low impedance state at the moment of exposure to simulate the tube current build-up stage. Students can observe the voltage drop and recovery process of the rectified output voltage at the moment of load switching through the feedback display unit 4, and intuitively understand the impact effect of the dynamic load characteristics of X-ray tube 3 from cutoff to conduction on high voltage stability.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, a test start indication unit 6 is also included; the output terminal of the test start indication unit 6 is connected to the input terminal of the control circuit 1, and is used to start the control circuit 1 after receiving the test start indication signal.

[0076] The system also includes a test start indication unit 6, whose output is connected to the input of the control circuit 1. This unit activates the control circuit 1 upon receiving a test start indication signal. By setting up an independent test start indication unit 6, students must actively trigger this unit after completing all parameter settings and circuit connection checks to begin the entire teaching experiment. This design simulates the standard operating procedure of pressing the exposure handbrake in real machine operation.

[0077] The test start indication unit 6 may include, but is not limited to, various forms such as a handbrake, footbrake, push-button switch, foot switch, touch sensor switch, or remote control signal receiving module. When a student presses the button or triggers the switch, the test start indication unit 6 sends a start indication signal to the control circuit 1. After receiving the start indication signal, the control circuit 1 sequentially starts the X-ray tube drive unit 2, the rotating anode drive circuit 5, and other functional modules according to the preset teaching sequence to begin simulating the exposure process.

[0078] By setting up the test start-up indicator unit 6, students need to complete the preparatory work in sequence according to the actual machine operation procedure before starting the test, including parameter setting, starting the rotating anode 32, and filament preheating. After all the preparations are complete, the simulated exposure is triggered by the test start-up indicator unit 6. This design allows students to experience the entire process of the X-ray high-voltage generator from preparation to exposure, understand the timing coordination between various functional modules, and master the standardized operation procedure.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a flowchart of a control method for a teaching experiment system provided in this application. The control circuit 1 of the teaching experiment system described above is applied. The method includes: S11: controlling the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value based on the received analog tube voltage value; S12: controlling the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a drive current corresponding to the analog tube current value based on the received analog tube current value.

[0080] For a description of the control method of the teaching experimental system provided by the present invention, please refer to the above embodiments; the present invention will not be described again here.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: controlling the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on the received preset exposure time, so that the duration of the X-ray tube driving unit 2 outputting the test voltage signal and the driving current is the preset exposure time.

[0082] In this embodiment, the control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on the received preset exposure time, so that the duration of the output test voltage signal and driving current of the X-ray tube driving unit 2 is the preset exposure time. By introducing the control of exposure time, students can fully set and observe the tube voltage (kV), tube current (mA) and exposure time (ms) in the teaching experimental system, realizing comprehensive learning of X-ray exposure condition setting and execution.

[0083] In actual teaching, students input the preset exposure time through the human-computer interaction device 11. After receiving the time parameter, the control circuit 1 starts timing when the test start indication unit 6 is triggered and sends a control command to the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output the test voltage signal and drive current. When the timing reaches the preset exposure time, the control circuit 1 immediately sends a stop command to the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to cut off the output.

[0084] The exposure time control function enables the teaching experiment system to fully simulate the timing logic of real-machine exposure operations: students need to simultaneously set three parameters—tube voltage, tube current, and exposure time. The system then executes the steps of rotating anode 32 startup, filament preheating, exposure start, and exposure termination according to the set timing sequence, allowing students to fully grasp the setting and execution process of X-ray exposure parameters. Secondly, by adjusting different preset exposure times and observing the actual output duration of the test voltage signal and drive current on the feedback display unit 4, students can intuitively understand the influence of exposure time on the X-ray output dose; that is, the longer the exposure time, the greater the total X-ray output. Thirdly, the introduction of the exposure time control function allows students to conduct comparative experiments under different exposure conditions. For example, by fixing the tube voltage and tube current and setting different exposure times, students can observe the changes in the output duration on the feedback display unit 4, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of the synergistic relationship between exposure time and other parameters.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: adjusting the analog tube voltage value and acquiring the test voltage signal output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each analog tube voltage value to generate tube voltage test data; and / or adjusting the analog tube current value and acquiring the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each analog tube ammeter value to generate tube current test data; and / or adjusting the preset exposure time and acquiring the actual duration of the test voltage signal and driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each preset exposure time to generate exposure time test data.

[0086] This embodiment includes one or more of the following test modes: adjusting the analog tube voltage value and acquiring the test voltage signal output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each analog tube voltage value to generate tube voltage test data; adjusting the analog tube current value and acquiring the drive current output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each analog tube current value to generate tube current test data; adjusting the preset exposure time and acquiring the actual duration of the test voltage signal and drive current output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 based on each preset exposure time to generate exposure time test data. The above test functions are implemented through a hardware circuit connection between the control circuit 1, the X-ray tube driving unit 2, and the feedback display unit 4. The control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output corresponding electrical signals sequentially according to the parameter sequence set by the user, and the feedback display unit 4 synchronously acquires and records the actual output values. Of course, the test voltage signal and drive current acquired by the control circuit 1 can be obtained from feedback by the feedback display unit 4.

[0087] In tube voltage testing mode, students sequentially set multiple different simulated tube voltage values ​​(such as 40kV, 60kV, 80kV, 100kV, etc.) through the human-computer interaction device 11. The control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output test voltage signals corresponding to each set value, and the feedback display unit 4 collects and records the actual voltage values ​​of each output. The system automatically generates tube voltage test data, including the correspondence between the set values ​​and the measured values. By analyzing this test data, students can verify the output linearity and accuracy of the X-ray tube drive unit 2 and understand the tube voltage regulation principle.

[0088] In tube current testing mode, students sequentially set multiple different simulated tube current values ​​(such as 50mA, 100mA, 200mA, 500mA, etc.). Control circuit 1 controls the filament drive subunit 24 to output the drive current corresponding to each set value. Feedback display unit 4 collects and records the actual current value of each output. Simultaneously, students can observe the brightness change of the cathode filament 31 of the X-ray tube 3 under different drive currents. The system generates tube current test data, and students can verify the correspondence between the drive current and the set value by analyzing the data, intuitively understanding that the essence of tube current adjustment is to control the filament heating power, thereby changing the electron emission.

[0089] In the exposure time test mode, students sequentially set multiple different preset exposure times (such as 0.1 seconds, 0.5 seconds, 1.0 seconds, 2.0 seconds, etc.). Control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output test voltage signals and drive currents according to each set time. Feedback display unit 4 acquires the test voltage signals and drive currents and feeds them back to control circuit 1, enabling control circuit 1 to record the actual duration of each output. The system generates exposure time test data. By comparing the set exposure time with the actual output duration, students can verify the accuracy and stability of the system's timing control and understand the independent control role of exposure time in X-ray exposure.

[0090] The above-mentioned test modes can be used independently or in combination for comprehensive parameter testing.

[0091] Specifically, in the exposure time test process of this embodiment, after setting the analog tube voltage value, analog tube current value and preset exposure time through the human-computer interaction device 11, the control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output the corresponding test voltage signal and driving current through the test start indication unit 6. The actual duration is determined according to the waveform corresponding time of the test voltage signal and driving current measured by the feedback display unit 4. The preset exposure time is changed and the actual duration is repeatedly measured to generate exposure time test data.

[0092] In the tube current test process of this embodiment, after setting the simulated tube voltage value, simulated tube current value and preset exposure time through the human-machine interaction device 11, the control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output the corresponding test voltage signal and driving current through the test start indication unit 6. The tube current is determined according to the waveform amplitude of the driving current measured by the feedback display unit 4. The simulated tube current value is changed and the tube current is measured again. According to the preset ratio relationship, such as the ratio relationship of 1V:100MA, tube current test data is generated.

[0093] In this embodiment, during the tube voltage test, after setting the simulated tube voltage and current values ​​and the preset exposure time via the human-machine interface device 11, the control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output the corresponding test voltage signal and driving current via the test start indication unit 6. The tube voltage is determined based on the waveform amplitude of the test voltage signal measured by the feedback display unit 4. The simulated tube voltage value is then changed, and the tube voltage is measured again. Tube voltage test data is generated according to a preset ratio, such as 1V:30kV.

[0094] It should be noted that, in the process of tube current testing and tube voltage testing in this application, the test voltage signal and the voltage corresponding to the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit 2 are both safe voltages. However, the voltage and current provided to the X-ray tube in the real machine are both high voltages. Therefore, in this embodiment, the high voltage in the real machine is restored by a preset proportional relationship, that is, the tube current test data and tube voltage test data.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, before controlling the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value, the method further includes: determining the actual operating power based on the received capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value; if the actual operating power is not greater than the preset operating power, controlling the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a capacity test drive current corresponding to the capacity test tube current value, and acquiring the capacity test drive current; adjusting the capacity test tube voltage value and capacity test tube current value to determine the capacity of the X-ray tube 3 based on the acquired capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value.

[0096] In this embodiment, before controlling the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value, the actual operating power is determined based on the received capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value. If the actual operating power is not greater than the preset operating power, the X-ray tube drive unit 2 is controlled to output a capacity test drive current corresponding to the capacity test tube current value, and the capacity test drive current is acquired. The capacity test tube voltage value and capacity test tube current value are adjusted to determine the capacity of the X-ray tube 3 based on the acquired capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value.

[0097] In actual teaching, the capacity testing function is implemented through the coordinated operation of control circuit 1 and X-ray tube drive unit 2. Students first input the capacity testing tube voltage (simulated tube voltage) and capacity testing tube current (simulated tube current) through the human-computer interaction device 11. Control circuit 1 calculates the actual operating power according to the power calculation formula (power = voltage × current) and compares this power with a preset operating power threshold. The preset operating power threshold corresponds to the thermal capacity limit of the actual X-ray tube 3. When the actual operating power exceeds this threshold, the X-ray tube 3 may be damaged due to overheating. By setting this power comparison step, this embodiment simulates the capacity protection mechanism in a real machine, enabling students to understand why the tube voltage and tube current cannot be increased indefinitely during clinical operation. That is, any X-ray tube 3 has its maximum allowable power capacity; exceeding this capacity will lead to melting of the target surface 322 or damage to the anode.

[0098] Under safe conditions where the actual operating power does not exceed the preset operating power, control circuit 1 controls the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output a capacity test drive current corresponding to the capacity test tube current value, and obtains the actual output drive current value through feedback display unit 4. Students can simultaneously observe the luminous brightness of the cathode filament 31 of the X-ray tube 3 under this drive current, intuitively experiencing the electron emission state under different power conditions. Subsequently, students gradually adjust the capacity test tube voltage and current values, for example, starting from a lower power combination and gradually increasing the parameters. After each adjustment, the system re-compares the power and outputs the drive current, recording the tube voltage and current values ​​of each successful output. Through this adjustment and recording process, students can plot the capacity curve of the X-ray tube 3, that is, the safe operating boundary of the tube voltage and tube current under different combinations.

[0099] Specifically, this embodiment records the maximum and minimum values ​​of the capacity test tube current and voltage, and determines the correspondence between them. It also includes determining the exposure time. For example, in a teaching experiment, the capacity test tube voltage is first set to the minimum voltage, and the exposure time is set to the capacity test exposure time. The capacity test tube current is adjusted from the minimum to the maximum current according to a preset current step value, thus determining the range of tube current values ​​corresponding to the minimum voltage. Then, the capacity test tube voltage is increased, or adjusted according to a preset voltage step value, until the capacity test tube voltage reaches the maximum voltage. The range of tube current values ​​corresponding to each voltage node is then determined, thereby determining the capacity of the X-ray tube 3. It should be noted that different X-ray tubes 3 may have the same or different capacities. Through capacity testing, students can understand the different capacities of different X-ray tubes 3 in teaching experiments, thus ensuring that students control the X-ray tube 3 according to its capacity in practical applications.

[0100] It should be noted that the capacity of each X-ray tube 3 is known during the teaching experiment, which facilitates the students' experimental operation.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes: after starting based on the test start indication signal, controlling the rotating anode drive circuit 5 to output an initial control voltage so that the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 rotates at an initial speed corresponding to the initial control voltage, and obtaining the actual initial speed of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32; after a preset interval time, controlling the rotating anode drive circuit 5 to output a preset control voltage so that the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 rotates at a preset speed corresponding to the preset control voltage, and obtaining the actual speed of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32.

[0102] In this embodiment, after the test start indication signal is activated, the control circuit 1 controls the rotating anode drive circuit 5 to output an initial control voltage so that the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 rotates at an initial speed corresponding to the initial control voltage, and the actual initial speed of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 is obtained. After a preset interval time, the control circuit 1 controls the rotating anode drive circuit 5 to output a preset control voltage so that the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 rotates at a preset speed corresponding to the preset control voltage, and the actual speed of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 is obtained.

[0103] In actual teaching, after students trigger the start-up by the experimental start-up indicator unit 6, the control circuit 1 first outputs an initial control voltage to the rotating anode drive circuit 5. This initial control voltage is usually set to a relatively high voltage value to generate a large starting torque, overcoming the static friction of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32, causing it to accelerate from a stationary state. The rotating anode drive circuit 5 converts this voltage into a current to drive the stator coils, generating a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotor 321 to rotate the target surface 322. At the same time, the control circuit 1 obtains the actual initial rotational speed of the rotating anode 32 through the speed signal fed back from the rotating anode drive circuit 5 or through an independently set speed sensor, and displays it through the feedback display unit 4. Students can observe the process of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 accelerating from a stationary state and understand that the rotating anode 32 requires a large starting torque to start.

[0104] After a preset interval (e.g., 0.5 to 2 seconds, corresponding to the time required for the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 to accelerate from startup to near its rated speed), the control circuit 1 controls the rotating anode drive circuit 5 to output a preset control voltage. This preset control voltage is typically set to a low sustaining voltage to allow the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 to rotate continuously at a stable preset speed. Once the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 reaches a stable speed, its moment of inertia is sufficient to overcome frictional resistance, significantly reducing the power required to maintain rotation. Simultaneously, the control circuit 1 acquires the actual rotational speed of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 and displays the stable speed value through the feedback display unit 4. Based on this, the signal output terminal of the control circuit 1 is also connected to the signal input terminal of the feedback display unit 4 to receive and display the actual initial speed, actual speed, and stable speed values. Therefore, the feedback display unit 4 may, but is not limited to, include a voltage detection device, a current detection device, and a display device.

[0105] Based on this, students can visually observe the complete process of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 from startup acceleration to stable rotation, and understand the physical basis for the operating sequence of the rotor 321 of the rotating anode 32 needing to be started before exposure. If high-voltage exposure is applied before the anode reaches the rated speed, local overheating of the target surface 322 may damage the X-ray tube 3. Secondly, by comparing the different settings of the initial control voltage and the preset control voltage, students can understand the design principle of the rotating anode drive circuit 5: a high voltage is needed to provide a large starting torque during startup, while a low voltage is sufficient to maintain stable rotation. This design ensures reliable startup and reduces system power consumption. Thirdly, by acquiring and displaying the actual initial speed and the actual speed, students can verify the correspondence between the set speed and the actual speed, and grasp the basic concepts of speed measurement and feedback control.

[0106] As a preferred embodiment, after controlling the output of the X-ray tube driving unit 2 to output a driving current corresponding to the received analog tube current value, the method further includes: obtaining the inverter frequency of the inverter circuit inside the filament driving subunit 24 in the X-ray tube driving unit 2.

[0107] The filament drive subunit 24 uses an inverter circuit to convert DC power into AC drive signals, providing heating current to the cathode filament 31 of the X-ray tube 3. The core parameters of the inverter circuit include the inverter frequency and the output duty cycle. The inverter frequency determines the period of the AC drive signal, while the output duty cycle determines the effective voltage value obtained by the filament, thereby controlling the filament temperature and electron emission. In this embodiment, students can set different analog tube current values ​​and observe changes in filament brightness while acquiring and recording the actual operating frequency of the inverter circuit.

[0108] The inverter frequency can be obtained through various hardware methods: a frequency measurement circuit can be set inside the filament driver subunit 24 to convert the switching frequency of the inverter circuit into an electrical signal that can be read by the control circuit 1; a test port can also be set at the output of the inverter circuit so that students can directly observe and measure the frequency value using external measuring devices such as oscilloscopes.

[0109] In this embodiment, the filament inverter test is performed by setting the simulated tube voltage value, simulated tube current value, and preset exposure time through the human-machine interaction device 11. Then, the test start indication unit 6 causes the control circuit 1 to control the X-ray tube drive unit 2 to output the corresponding test voltage signal and drive current, thereby measuring the inverter frequency of the inverter circuit inside the filament drive subunit 24, changing the simulated tube current value, and repeatedly measuring and recording the inverter frequency.

[0110] In summary, the X-ray tube 3 in the teaching experiment system of this application only exhibits a basic operating state during the experimental teaching process and does not generate X-rays.

[0111] In this embodiment, the feedback display unit 4 can be, but is not limited to, a multimeter, an oscilloscope, and a megohmmeter.

[0112] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0113] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A teaching experiment system, characterized in that, include: The control circuit is used to receive the analog tube voltage and current values. The X-ray tube driving unit has its input terminal connected to the first output terminal of the control circuit. It is used to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the voltage value of the analog tube and a driving current corresponding to the current value of the analog tube. The voltages corresponding to the test voltage signal and the driving current are both safe voltages. An X-ray tube, wherein the cathode filament in the X-ray tube is connected to the first output terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit, and is used to emit light under the action of the driving current; The target surface of the rotating anode in the X-ray tube is in a suspended state; The feedback display unit has its input terminal connected to both the first and second output terminals of the X-ray tube driving unit, and its output terminal connected to the feedback input terminal of the control circuit. It is used to collect and display the test voltage signal and driving current actually output by the X-ray tube driving unit.

2. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a rotating anode drive circuit, the control terminal of which is connected to the second output terminal of the control circuit, for driving the rotor of the rotating anode to rotate based on the control of the control circuit; the rotor of the rotating anode in the X-ray tube is coaxially connected to the target surface, the rotor is connected to the output terminal of the rotating anode drive circuit, and the rotor is used to drive the target surface to rotate based on the drive of the rotating anode drive circuit.

3. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit includes a human-machine interface device and a control board; the human-machine interface device is used to receive the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value; the input terminal of the control board is connected to the output terminal of the human-machine interface device, and the first output terminal of the control board is connected to the input terminal of the X-ray tube driving unit, for controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output based on the analog tube voltage value and the analog tube current value.

4. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a grounding resistance testing module; the control terminal of the grounding resistance testing module is connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit, and is used to adjust its own resistance value based on the control of the control circuit.

5. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The grounding resistance testing module includes several test resistors and several test switches corresponding to each of the test resistors; the first ends of each of the test resistors are interconnected, the second ends of each of the test resistors are respectively connected to the first ends of the corresponding test switches, and the second ends of each of the test switches are interconnected; the control terminals of each of the test switches are connected to the third output terminal of the control circuit, and are used to turn on or off based on the control of the control circuit; the first ends of each of the test resistors and the second ends of each of the test switches are grounding resistance testing ports.

6. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The X-ray tube driving unit includes: an analog signal generation subunit for outputting AC power; a rectifier teaching subunit, the AC input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the analog signal generation subunit, and the control terminal of which is connected to the first sub-output terminal of the control circuit, for receiving the AC power and rectifying the AC power based on the control of the control circuit, and outputting a test voltage signal corresponding to the analog tube voltage value; a rectifier teaching load unit, the input terminal of which is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit, for simulating the load characteristics of the X-ray tube; and a filament driving subunit, the control terminal of which is connected to the second sub-output terminal of the control circuit, and the output terminal of which is connected to the cathode filament in the X-ray tube, for outputting a driving current corresponding to the analog tube current value.

7. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The X-ray tube driving unit further includes: a first test port, which is located at the AC input terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit; and a second test port, which is located at the DC output terminal of the rectifier teaching subunit.

8. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rectifier teaching subunit includes one or more combinations of single-phase full-wave rectifier circuits, half-wave rectifier circuits, and voltage doubler rectifier circuits.

9. The teaching experiment system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rectifier teaching load unit includes one of a fixed resistive load, an adjustable resistive load, a nonlinear load, and a dynamic load circuit; the control terminal of the dynamic load circuit is connected to the fourth output terminal of the control circuit, and is used to change the load impedance based on the control of the control circuit.

10. The teaching experiment system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It also includes a test start indication unit; the output terminal of the test start indication unit is connected to the input terminal of the control circuit, and is used to start the control circuit after receiving the test start indication signal.

11. A control method for a teaching experiment system, characterized in that, A control circuit applied to a teaching experimental system as described in any one of claims 1-10, the method comprising: controlling a X-ray tube driving unit to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value; and controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a driving current corresponding to the received analog tube current value.

12. The control method for the teaching experiment system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: The X-ray tube driving unit is controlled based on the received preset exposure time, so that the duration of the test voltage signal and the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit is the preset exposure time.

13. The control method for the teaching experiment system as described in claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: Adjust the voltage value of the analog tube and obtain the test voltage signal output by the X-ray tube driving unit based on each of the analog tube voltage values ​​to generate tube voltage test data; And / or, adjust the simulated tube current value and obtain the drive current output by the X-ray tube drive unit based on the values ​​of each simulated tube ammeter to generate tube current test data; And / or, adjust the preset exposure time, and obtain the actual duration of the test voltage signal and the driving current output by the X-ray tube driving unit based on each preset exposure time, so as to generate exposure time test data.

14. The control method for the teaching experiment system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Before controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a test voltage signal corresponding to the received analog tube voltage value, the method further includes: determining the actual operating power based on the received capacity test tube current value and capacity test tube voltage value; if the actual operating power is not greater than a preset operating power, controlling the X-ray tube driving unit to output a capacity test driving current corresponding to the capacity test tube current value, and acquiring the capacity test driving current; adjusting the capacity test tube voltage value and the capacity test tube current value to determine the capacity of the X-ray tube based on the acquired capacity test tube current value and the acquired capacity test tube voltage value.

15. The control method for the teaching experiment system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, Also includes: After starting based on the test start indication signal, the rotating anode drive circuit is controlled to output an initial control voltage so that the rotor of the rotating anode rotates at an initial speed corresponding to the initial control voltage, and the actual initial speed of the rotor of the rotating anode is obtained; after a preset interval time, the rotating anode drive circuit is controlled to output a preset control voltage so that the rotor of the rotating anode rotates at a preset speed corresponding to the preset control voltage, and the actual speed of the rotor of the rotating anode is obtained.

16. The control method for the teaching experiment system as described in claim 11, characterized in that, After controlling the output of the X-ray tube driving unit to output a driving current corresponding to the received analog tube current value, the method further includes: obtaining the inverter frequency of the inverter circuit inside the filament driving subunit of the X-ray tube driving unit.

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