Lightweight superconductive carbon fiber composite cable and preparation method thereof

Abstract

According to the light superconductive carbon fiber composite cable and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the problem of resistance loss caused by grain boundary scattering in a graphene cable is solved by combining a graphene grain boundary repairing technology of a metal state on the surface of a topological insulator. The preparation method comprises the following steps: directionally depositing Bi2Se3 nanosheets on a graphene crystal boundary by using argon current carrying under the condition of 450-550 DEG C through a chemical vapor deposition process to form a continuous conductive channel. According to the method, complex lattice matching is not needed, the strict requirement of double-layer graphene on the magic angle precision is avoided, and the process error-tolerant rate is high. The surface metal state of the topological insulator improves the conductivity of the graphene by 20%-30%, and meanwhile, a dissipation-free topological edge state is reserved. The technology is combined with the light superconductive carbon fiber composite cable, so that the conductivity and mechanical stability of the cable are remarkably improved, and the light superconductive carbon fiber composite cable has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable materials, specifically to a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent performance requirements for cables, the stability and conductivity of traditional cable materials under high-temperature, low-temperature, and high-pressure environments face challenges. In particular, the grain boundary scattering problem of novel materials such as graphene limits their application in high-performance cables. Graphene possesses excellent conductivity, but its grain boundary defects lead to resistive losses, affecting overall performance. Furthermore, the topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ exhibits dissipation-free edge state characteristics and demonstrates good conductivity at low temperatures, thus becoming a potential material for solving the grain boundary problem of graphene.

[0003] To address the performance limitations of cable materials in extreme environments, this invention proposes a superconducting material composed of topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ and graphene. Bi₂Se₃ is directionally deposited onto the graphene grain boundaries using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to form continuous conductive channels, significantly improving the cable's conductivity and resolving grain boundary scattering issues. This technology not only enhances the cable's stability under low-temperature and high-stress environments but also offers the advantages of lightweight construction and high performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the insufficient performance of existing cable materials in extreme environments, this invention proposes a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable and its preparation method. The cable utilizes a topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ and graphene composite material, deposited at the graphene grain boundaries via CVD to form conductive channels, significantly improving conductivity and resolving grain boundary scattering issues. The cable exhibits excellent conductivity, low-temperature stability, and high flexibility, making it suitable for extreme environments such as high-temperature, low-temperature, and high-pressure conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable includes a conductor, an insulation layer, a superconducting material layer, and a sheath layer. The conductor is a carbon fiber composite material. The insulation layer, which is polyvinyl chloride, covers the outer wall of the conductor. The superconducting material layer is a composite material of topological insulator Bi2Se3 and graphene. The composite material is deposited at the graphene grain boundaries using a chemical vapor deposition process under argon current conditions to form a continuous conductive channel. The sheath layer covers the outer wall of the superconducting material layer. The cable comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts carbon fiber matrix, 10-30 parts reinforcing agent, 40-60 parts polyvinyl chloride, 5-10 parts plasticizer, 0.5-2 parts antioxidant, 70-90 parts topological insulator Bi2Se3, 10-30 parts graphene, and 0.1-0.5 parts UV stabilizer.

[0007] Optionally, in the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the reinforcing agent in the carbon fiber composite material is chopped carbon fiber filaments or carbon nanotubes, wherein the length of the chopped carbon fiber filaments is 0.5~2 mm, and the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10~50 nm and the aspect ratio is 50-200.

[0008] Optionally, in the insulation layer of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the plasticizer is one or more of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, and trioctyl phosphate, and the antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010, hindered phenolic antioxidant 168, and phosphite antioxidant 168.

[0009] Optionally, in the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the thickness of the topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting material layer is 60~220 μm, wherein the thickness of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanosheets is 15~55 nm, and the number of graphene film layers is 2-6.

[0010] Optionally, in the sheath layer of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the UV stabilizer is selected from one or more of benzotriazole UV-326, hindered amine UV-770, benzothiazole UV-531, and triazine UV-234.

[0011] Optionally, the specific steps of the method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable are as follows:

[0012] The preparation method of graphene film is as follows:

[0013] S1. Using copper foil as a substrate, methane at a flow rate of 15-30 sccm and hydrogen at a flow rate of 80-120 sccm are introduced into a tube furnace by chemical vapor deposition, the temperature is raised to 950-1050℃, the holding time is 20-40 minutes, and the temperature is cooled to room temperature to obtain graphene / copper foil composite.

[0014] S2. Copper foil is removed by wet etching to obtain a graphene film with a domain size of 3~7μm;

[0015] The preparation method of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. The graphene film is subjected to plasma etching pretreatment with an argon-oxygen mixed gas volume ratio of 9:1, the etching power is 70~120W, and the etching time is 10~20 minutes.

[0017] S2. Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanosheets are directionally deposited on the grain boundary defects of the graphene film pretreated in step S1. The deposition conditions are: argon carrier gas flow rate of 400~600 sccm, deposition temperature of 450~550℃, and holding time of 60~120 minutes to form a topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer.

[0018] S3. The topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer is hot-pressed together with a carbon fiber matrix and a reinforcing agent to form a complete topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting material layer.

[0019] S4. An insulation layer and a sheath layer are sequentially wrapped around the superconducting material layer, and then cured by ultraviolet light or extruded to obtain a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable.

[0020] Optionally, in the method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the graphene film is prepared by chemical vapor deposition, the domain size of the graphene film is 2~12 μm, and the plasma etching gas is a mixture of argon and oxygen with a mixing volume ratio of 9:1.

[0021] Optionally, in the method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the raw material for preparing Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanosheets is Bi2Se3 powder with a purity of 99.9%~99.99%. During the deposition process, the pressure inside the tubular furnace is 0.08~0.12MPa. After deposition, annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 300~350℃ for 30~60 minutes.

[0022] Optionally, in the method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, the extrusion molding temperature is 230~270℃, and the linear speed is 2~6m / min; the wavelength of the ultraviolet light curing is 365 nm, and the light intensity is 80~120 mW / cm². 2 The curing time is 15-30 minutes.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] The lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable prepared by this invention exhibits significantly improved conductivity, with a 20%–30% increase in conductivity, effectively solving the resistance loss problem caused by graphene grain boundary scattering. The cable also possesses excellent low-temperature stability, maintaining stable conductivity within a range of -196°C to room temperature, adapting to extreme temperature environments. Furthermore, the superconducting material layer of the cable is a composite of topological insulator Bi₂Se₃ and graphene, forming conductive channels with dissipation-free topological edge state characteristics, significantly enhancing the cable's electrical performance and stability. The use of composite materials allows the cable to maintain good flexibility even under high stress environments, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a bar chart showing the critical temperature and critical current density of each sample in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a bar chart showing the breakdown field strength and volume resistivity of each sample in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] This embodiment 1 describes a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0031] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 80 parts, graphene 20 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0032] The preparation method of graphene film is as follows:

[0033] S1. Using copper foil as a substrate, methane at a flow rate of 20 sccm and hydrogen at a flow rate of 100 sccm are introduced into a tube furnace by chemical vapor deposition, heated to 1000℃, held for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature to obtain graphene / copper foil composite.

[0034] S2. The copper foil was removed by wet etching. A 50 g / L copper sulfate solution was used as the etching solution and etched for 15 minutes to remove the copper foil, resulting in a graphene film with a domain size of 5 μm.

[0035] A method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable is as follows:

[0036] S1. The graphene film was subjected to plasma etching pretreatment with an argon-oxygen mixed gas volume ratio of 9:1, the etching power was 90 W and the etching time was 15 minutes.

[0037] S2. Bi2Se3 powder with a purity of 99.95% was placed in a tube furnace. Under the conditions of argon current flow of 500 sccm, deposition temperature of 500℃ and holding time of 90 minutes, Bi2Se3 nanosheets were oriented to be deposited at the graphene grain boundary defects to form a topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer.

[0038] S3. The topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer is hot-pressed with a carbon fiber matrix and a reinforcing agent at a temperature of 190℃, a pressure of 6 MPa, and a holding time of 25 minutes to form a complete topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting material layer with a thickness of 150 μm.

[0039] S4. Mix and melt polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, and antioxidant, and extrude a 50 μm thick insulating layer on the outside of the superconducting material layer. Then mix polyethylene and UV stabilizer and extrude a 200 μm thick sheath layer. The extrusion temperature is 250℃ and the linear speed is 3m / min to obtain a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] This embodiment 2 presents a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0042] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 80 parts, graphene 20 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0043] The preparation method of the graphene film in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0044] The preparation method of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] This embodiment 2 presents a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0047] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 70 parts, graphene 30 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0048] The preparation method of the graphene film in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0049] The preparation method of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] This embodiment 3 describes a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0052] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 70 parts, graphene 30 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0053] The preparation method of the graphene film in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0054] The preparation method of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1, except that the deposition temperature is changed to 450℃.

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] To investigate the grain boundary repair effect of the topological insulator Bi2Se3, the cable of Comparative Example 1 was prepared from the following parts by weight of raw materials:

[0057] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 80 parts, graphene 20 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0058] The preparation method of the graphene film in Comparative Example 1 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0059] A method for preparing a composite cable is as follows:

[0060] S1. The graphene film was subjected to plasma etching pretreatment with an argon-oxygen mixed gas volume ratio of 9:1, the etching power was 90 W and the etching time was 15 minutes.

[0061] S2. Bi2Se3 powder with a purity of 99.95% is combined with carbon fiber matrix and reinforcing agent by hot pressing. The hot pressing temperature is 190℃, the pressure is 6 MPa, and the holding time is 25 minutes to form a composite superconducting material layer.

[0062] S3. Mix and melt polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, and antioxidant, and extrude a 50 μm thick insulating layer on the outside of the superconducting material layer. Then mix polyethylene and UV stabilizer and extrude a 200 μm thick sheath layer. The extrusion temperature is 250℃ and the linear speed is 3m / min to obtain a composite cable.

[0063] Comparative Example 2:

[0064] To investigate the effect of Bi₂Se₃ on cable performance, the cable of Comparative Example 2 was prepared from the following parts by weight of raw materials:

[0065] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 0 parts, graphene 100 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0066] The preparation method of the graphene film in Comparative Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0067] The method for preparing the composite cable in Comparative Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 3:

[0069] To investigate the effect of graphene on cable performance, the cable of Comparative Example 3 was prepared from the following parts by weight of raw materials:

[0070] Carbon fiber matrix 80 parts, reinforcing agent: carbon nanotubes 20 parts, polyvinyl chloride 50 parts, plasticizer: dioctyl phthalate 8 parts, antioxidant: hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010 1 part, topological insulator Bi2Se3 100 parts, graphene 0 parts, UV stabilizer: benzotriazole UV-326 0.3 parts.

[0071] The preparation method of the graphene film in Comparative Example 3 is the same as that in Example 1;

[0072] The composite cable in Comparative Example 3 was prepared using the same method as in Example 1.

[0073] Performance testing:

[0074] 1. Superconducting property testing

[0075] The resistance change of the sample was measured using a four-probe method or a miniature thermocouple. The sample was gradually cooled to 20 K, and the resistance change with temperature was recorded to determine the critical temperature (Tc), which is the temperature at which the resistance suddenly drops to near zero. Then, a current was gradually applied at the low temperature, and the current-voltage (IV) characteristics were recorded until the resistance of the sample increased, thus determining the critical current density (Jc), which is the value at which the superconducting material loses its superconductivity. This test was performed according to the method in GB / T 2900.10-2013.

[0076] Table 1. Critical temperature and critical current density data for each sample

[0077] sample Critical temperature (K) <![CDATA[Critical current density (A / m 2 ).]]> Example 1 9.2 <![CDATA[1.5 × 10 6 ]]> Example 2 8.5 <![CDATA[1.4 ×10 6 ]]> Example 3 9.5 <![CDATA[1.6 ×10 6 ]]> Comparative Example 1 7.0 <![CDATA[1.0 ×10 6 ]]> Comparative Example 2 6.5 <![CDATA[0.8 ×10 6 ]]> Comparative Example 3 8.0 <![CDATA[1.2 ×10 6 ]]>

[0078] 2. High-frequency transmission performance

[0079] Prepare cable samples ranging from 30 cm to 50 cm in length, ensuring the ends are clean. Next, connect both ends of the cable using a Keysight E5071C network analyzer for testing. The dielectric loss (tanδ) test measures energy loss over a frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz using the network analyzer, while the characteristic impedance is calculated from the reflection and transmission coefficients, with common standard values ​​of 50 Ω or 75 Ω. Recording this data allows for the evaluation of the cable's suitability for high-frequency applications, particularly for communication and power transmission. Finally, analyze the obtained tanδ and characteristic impedance values, plotting the relationship between frequency and tanδ / characteristic impedance to determine the cable's high-frequency transmission performance.

[0080] Table 2. High-frequency transmission performance test data for each sample

[0081] sample Dielectric loss (tanδ) Characteristic impedance (Ω) Example 1 0.01 50 Example 2 0.011 51 Example 3 0.009 49 Comparative Example 1 0.015 53 Comparative Example 2 0.018 55 Comparative Example 3 0.013 52

[0082] Based on the above test data, we can conclude that:

[0083] (1) The critical temperature and critical current density of the embodiment are significantly higher than those of the comparative example, showing higher superconducting performance, which verifies the positive effect of Bi2Se3 and graphene composite on superconducting performance.

[0084] (2) The dielectric loss of Examples 1 and 3 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In addition, the characteristic impedances of Examples 1 and 3 are 50 Ω and 49 Ω, respectively, which are close to the standard values, while the characteristic impedances of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are higher, which may affect the signal transmission efficiency. This further proves the effect of Bi2Se3 and graphene composite on improving the high-frequency performance of the cable.

[0085] 3. Tensile property test

[0086] Tensile property testing was conducted according to GB / T 12706.1-2020 standard. During testing, cable samples approximately 100 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 1 mm in thickness were clamped into the fixtures of an Instron 5900 universal testing machine, ensuring a smooth sample surface and proper clamping. The experiment was conducted at room temperature, with a testing speed of 1 mm / min and a uniform tensile force applied. Tensile strength and elongation at break were measured and recorded using stress-strain curves. Tensile strength was calculated as the stress value at which the sample experienced maximum stress, and elongation at break was the percentage change in length before and after sample fracture. The experimental data will be used to evaluate the reinforcing effect of the carbon fiber matrix on the tensile properties of the cable.

[0087] Table 3 Tensile property test data for each sample

[0088] sample Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation at break (%) Example 1 350 3.5 Example 2 345 3.3 Example 3 355 3.7 Comparative Example 1 330 2.8 Comparative Example 2 320 2.5 Comparative Example 3 325 2.7

[0089] 4. Bending fatigue test

[0090] Prepare cable samples with a length of 30 cm to 50 cm, ensuring the end faces are clean. Mount the cable samples in a bending test apparatus, set the bending radius to 3-5 cm, and perform 1000 cycles of bending to simulate bending fatigue during long-term use. Stop the test after every 100 cycles, measure the cable resistance using a digital ohmmeter or a four-probe method, and record the resistance change. After completing 1000 cycles, measure and record the final resistance of the cable, and calculate the resistance change rate. If the resistance change rate is less than 5%, it indicates that the cable has good bending resistance and is suitable for long-term use.

[0091] Table 4. Data on the resistance change rate of each sample

[0092] sample Rate of change in resistance (%) Example 1 2.5 Example 2 3.0 Example 3 2.0 Comparative Example 1 5.5 Comparative Example 2 6.2 Comparative Example 3 4.8

[0093] Based on the above test data, we can conclude that:

[0094] (1) The tensile strength and elongation at break of Examples 1-3 were significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, indicating that the Bi2Se3 and graphene composite material improved the tensile strength and toughness of the cable.

[0095] (2) The resistance change rates of Examples 1 and 3 were 2.5% and 2.0%, respectively, which were much lower than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, indicating that the resistance change was small after 1000 bending cycles. This shows that the Bi2Se3 and graphene composite material significantly improved the bending fatigue resistance of the cable, making it more suitable for long-term use in complex environments.

[0096] 5. Temperature resistance test

[0097] Temperature resistance testing was conducted according to GB / T 2423.22-2012 standard. During testing, cable samples with a length of 30 cm to 50 cm were prepared, ensuring the end faces were clean. The samples were placed in a high-low temperature cycling chamber, with the temperature range set from -40℃ to 80℃, and subjected to 50 cycles. In each cycle, the cable samples were held at -40℃ and 80℃ for 1 hour respectively, and the conductivity of the samples was measured using a digital resistance meter or a four-probe method after each temperature stage.

[0098] Table 5. Data on the rate of change of conductivity of each sample after 50 cycles.

[0099] sample Rate of change in conductivity (%) Example 1 2.0 Example 2 3.0 Example 3 1.8 Comparative Example 1 6.0 Comparative Example 2 7.2 Comparative Example 3 5.0

[0100] The Bi2Se3 and graphene composite material significantly improved the conductivity stability of the cable. In particular, in Example 3, the optimized deposition temperature resulted in the lowest conductivity change rate of 1.8%, exhibiting the best temperature resistance. In contrast, the conductivity change rates of Comparative Examples 1 to 33 were higher, indicating that the lack of the Bi2Se3 and graphene composite material significantly reduced the temperature resistance of the cable, leading to larger conductivity changes.

[0101] 6. Insulation performance test

[0102] Prepare cable samples with a length of 15 cm to 30 cm, ensuring the end faces are clean and undamaged. For the breakdown field strength test, connect the cable sample to a DC power supply, gradually apply voltage until the insulation layer breaks down, record the breakdown voltage, and calculate the breakdown field strength. For the volume resistivity test, cut a sample of the cable insulation layer, measure the current using the four-probe method, and calculate the resistivity.

[0103] The formula for calculating the breakdown field strength is:

[0104]

[0105] Where E is the breakdown field strength (kV / mm), V is the breakdown voltage (kV), and d is the insulation layer thickness (mm).

[0106] The formula for calculating volume resistivity is:

[0107]

[0108] Where, ρ ν V is the volume resistivity (Ω·m), V is the applied voltage (V), and A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample (m²). 2 I is the measured current (A), and l is the length of the sample (m).

[0109] Table 6 Insulation performance test data for each sample

[0110] sample Breakdown field strength (kV / mm) Volume resistivity (Ω·m) Example 1 20.5 <![CDATA[2.5 × 10 11 ]]> Example 2 20.2 <![CDATA[2.3 × 10 11 ]]> Example 3 21 <![CDATA[2.6 × 10 11 ]]> Comparative Example 1 17 <![CDATA[1.5 × 10 11 ]]> Comparative Example 2 16.5 <![CDATA[1.2 × 10 11 ]]> Comparative Example 3 18 <![CDATA[1.8 × 10 11 ]]>

[0111] The Bi2Se3-graphene composite material significantly improved the cable's breakdown resistance and electrical insulation performance. In particular, Example 3, with optimized process conditions, resulted in the cable exhibiting optimal breakdown field strength (21 kV / mm) and volume resistivity (2.6 × 10⁻⁶). 11 Ω·m).

[0112] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, characterized in that, The lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable includes a conductor, an insulation layer, a superconducting material layer, and a sheath layer. The conductor is a carbon fiber composite material. The insulation layer covers the outer wall of the conductor and is made of polyvinyl chloride. The superconducting material layer is a composite material of topological insulator Bi2Se3 and graphene. The composite material is deposited at the graphene grain boundaries by chemical vapor deposition under argon current conditions to form a continuous conductive channel. The sheath layer covers the outer wall of the superconducting material layer. The cable includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts carbon fiber matrix, 10-30 parts reinforcing agent, 40-60 parts polyvinyl chloride, 5-10 parts plasticizer, 0.5-2 parts antioxidant, 70-90 parts topological insulator Bi2Se3, 10-30 parts graphene, and 0.1-0.5 parts UV stabilizer.

2. The lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the carbon fiber composite material, the reinforcing agent is chopped carbon fiber filaments or carbon nanotubes. The length of the chopped carbon fiber filaments is 0.5~2 mm, and the diameter of the carbon nanotubes is 10~50 nm and the aspect ratio is 50-200.

3. The lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the insulating layer, the plasticizer is one or more of dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, and trioctyl phosphate, and the antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenolic antioxidant 1010, hindered phenolic antioxidant 168, and phosphite antioxidant 168.

4. The lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting material layer is 60~220 μm, wherein the thickness of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanosheets is 15~55 nm, and the number of graphene film layers is 2-6.

5. A lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the sheath layer, the UV stabilizer is selected from one or more of benzotriazole UV-326, hindered amine UV-770, benzothiazole UV-531, and triazine UV-234.

6. A method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable, wherein the cable is as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: The preparation method of graphene film is as follows: S1. Using copper foil as a substrate, methane at a flow rate of 15-30 sccm and hydrogen at a flow rate of 80-120 sccm are introduced into a tube furnace by chemical vapor deposition, the temperature is raised to 950-1050℃, the holding time is 20-40 minutes, and the temperature is cooled to room temperature to obtain graphene / copper foil composite. S2. Copper foil is removed by wet etching to obtain a graphene film with a domain size of 3~7 μm; The preparation method of the lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable includes the following steps: S1. The graphene film is subjected to plasma etching pretreatment with an argon-oxygen mixed gas volume ratio of 9:1, the etching power is 70~120 W, and the etching time is 10~20 minutes. S2. Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanosheets are directionally deposited on the grain boundary defects of the graphene film pretreated in step S1. The deposition conditions are: argon carrier gas flow rate of 400~600 sccm, deposition temperature of 450~550℃, and holding time of 60~120 minutes to form a topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer. S3. The topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting layer is hot-pressed together with a carbon fiber matrix and a reinforcing agent to form a complete topological insulator / graphene heterojunction composite superconducting material layer. S4. An insulation layer and a sheath layer are sequentially wrapped around the superconducting material layer, and then cured by ultraviolet light or extruded to obtain a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable.

7. The method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The graphene film was prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The domain size of the graphene film was 2~12 μm. The plasma etching gas was a mixture of argon and oxygen with a volume ratio of 9:

1.

8. The method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanosheets are prepared from Bi2Se3 powder with a purity of 99.9%~99.99%. The pressure inside the tube furnace during deposition is 0.08~0.12 MPa. After deposition, annealing is performed at a temperature of 300~350℃ for 30~60 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a lightweight superconducting carbon fiber composite cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The extrusion molding temperature is 230~270℃, and the linear speed is 2~6m / min; the ultraviolet light curing wavelength is 365 nm, and the light intensity is 80~120 mW / cm². 2 The curing time is 15-30 minutes.

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