Method for improving olive cutting seedling rooting rate and seedling emergence quantity

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cutting propagation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the rooting rate and the seedling emergence quantity of olive cutting seedlings. In order to solve the technical problems of low rooting rate and small seedling emergence amount of the existing cutting seedling raising of the improved variety of olea europaea, an annual robust branch is preferably selected as a cutting branch for cutting seedling raising by taking the robust branch germinating and growing from the hidden bud of the olea europaea. Experimental results show that the average rooting rate of seedling cuttings can reach 72% or above for cutting seedlings of different varieties of olea europaea, and the average rooting rate can also reach 72% or above remarkably for the recognized variety of clerocra difficult to root; meanwhile, rotten roots do not appear in the cutting seedling raising process, and the average root system number can reach 10 or above. Therefore, the seedling raising method has a remarkable improvement effect on the olive seedling raising quality and quantity, and has important significance on large-area cultivation and efficient planting of the olives.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant cutting propagation technology, specifically relating to a method for improving the rooting rate and seedling yield of olive cuttings. Background Technology

[0002] Olive trees, belonging to the Oleaceae family and the Oleaceae genus, are evergreen trees used for both oil production and fruit production. With the rapid development of the olive industry and the continuous expansion of planting areas, the demand for high-quality olive seedlings is also increasing rapidly. Ensuring a continuous and sufficient supply of high-quality seeds is the prerequisite and foundation for the healthy, stable, and rapid development of the olive industry.

[0003] Olive trees are primarily propagated through cuttings. The general steps are: selecting branches from the mother tree, treating the cuttings with a rooting hormone, and then planting them in a greenhouse for seedling cultivation. However, this method results in a low rooting rate for various olive varieties, typically between 20% and 40%, and the number of seedlings produced is very small, failing to meet industry demands and production needs.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop new methods suitable for propagating superior olive varieties through cuttings, so as to improve the quantity and quality of olive cuttings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of low rooting rate and low seedling yield in existing high-quality olive cutting propagation, this invention provides a method to improve the rooting rate and seedling yield of olive cutting propagation.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: This invention provides a method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings, which uses robust branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive as cuttings for propagation.

[0007] Furthermore, the cuttings are healthy one-year-old branches that have sprouted from dormant buds of olive trees.

[0008] Furthermore, the robust branches from which dormant buds of the olive tree sprout are obtained through the following steps: After planting the olive seedlings in the scion nursery, the olive seedlings are trained to a height of 1 meter and are uniformly trained into a single-trunk tree shape. All lateral branches are pruned back to 5-10 cm from the trunk to encourage the dormant buds to sprout new branches, which will be used for cuttings.

[0009] Preferably, during the growth period of olive latent bud branches, overly dense, weak, dead, diseased, and insect-infested branches are pruned. Each time cuttings are taken, all branches on the tree in the scion nursery are pruned at once to stimulate the latent buds on the remaining stumps to sprout new branches, laying the foundation for seedling cultivation.

[0010] Furthermore, the branches should be collected in the morning, afternoon, or on a cloudy day.

[0011] Furthermore, the cuttings should be 0.2–0.4 cm thick. The branches should be cut into suitable cuttings, leaving one pair of leaves at the top of the cutting, cutting the bottom of the cutting close to the node, cutting the top of the cutting 0.2–0.4 cm away from the node, and making all cuts flush.

[0012] Preferably, the cuttings are 10-12 cm long.

[0013] Furthermore, before inserting the cuttings, they are first soaked in clean water, and then treated with a rooting agent.

[0014] Preferably, the soaking time in clean water is 2 to 4 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, the rooting agent is ABT1 rooting agent.

[0016] Preferably, the rooting agent concentration is 50–150 ppm.

[0017] Preferably, the rooting agent is soaked at a depth of 3-4 cm at the base of the cuttings.

[0018] Preferably, the rooting agent soaking time is 3 to 5 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, the substrate for propagation by cuttings is a mixture of coconut coir and perlite in a volume ratio of 1–2:1–2.

[0020] Furthermore, during the cutting propagation process, at least one of the following conditions must be met: The air temperature is maintained between 20℃ and 25℃; Soil temperature for planting: 18℃~24℃ Before rooting, maintain air humidity above 85%, and after rooting, maintain it between 75% and 85%.

[0021] The illumination is 10–15 KLX.

[0022] Furthermore, the olive variety is selected from Colati (… Coratina ), Kroleka ( Koroneiki ), Abusana ( Arbosana ), Douguo ( Arbequina ), Ezhi No. 8 ( EZ-8 ), Lestar ( Leccino ), Piguar ( Picual ) and Foao ( Oil mill At least one of the following.

[0023] Beneficial Effects: Unlike traditional cutting propagation, this invention uses robust branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive trees, preferably one-year-old robust branches, as cuttings for propagation. Experimental results show that the average rooting rate of cuttings for different olive varieties can reach over 72%, and even for the notoriously difficult-to-root variety, Krolek, it can significantly reach over 72%. Furthermore, no root rot was observed during cutting propagation, and the average number of roots reached over 10. Therefore, this invention's propagation method significantly improves the quality and quantity of olive seedlings, and is of great significance for the large-scale cultivation and efficient planting of olive trees. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical problems, solutions, and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0025] Traditional olive cutting propagation methods typically use one-year-old branches sprouting from primary and secondary lateral branches of the olive tree. These cuttings have low rooting rates and low seedling yields, with a maximum of only 40%. While some researchers have attempted to improve rooting rates and seedling yields by innovating the seedling environment (such as building electrically heated seedbeds in greenhouses and constructing windbreaks around the greenhouses), improving the cutting substrate, and controlling temperature, humidity, and light, these methods are too complex and require specialized equipment. They are not suitable for large-scale olive cultivation and thus fail to improve farm profitability.

[0026] Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings is provided, which uses robust branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive as cuttings for propagation.

[0027] The term "latent bud" refers to a plant bud that does not sprout in the spring of the second year after its formation or for several consecutive years, but still retains the potential to sprout when the environment is suitable.

[0028] This invention uses robust branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive trees as cuttings for propagation. Under existing seedling conditions, it can improve the rooting rate and seedling yield of olive cuttings, avoid the use of expensive instruments and equipment, is simple and easy to understand to operate, is suitable for large-scale planting, and can also save costs.

[0029] One-year-old healthy branches are considered tender branches, while two- to three-year-old branches are considered old branches. Because tender branches have vigorous metabolism and strong adaptability, while old branches have a high degree of lignification and a slow rooting rate, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, it is preferred that olive cuttings be one-year-old healthy branches that sprout from dormant buds.

[0030] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, robust branches for the sprouting and growth of dormant buds of olive trees are obtained through the following steps: After planting the olive seedlings in the scion nursery, the olive seedlings are trained to a height of 1 meter and are uniformly trained into a single-trunk tree shape. All lateral branches are pruned back to 5-10 cm from the trunk to encourage the sprouting of new branches from dormant buds, which are then used for cuttings.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, during the growth of olive dormant bud branches, overly dense, weak, dead, diseased, and insect-infested branches are pruned. Each time cuttings are taken, all branches on the tree in the scion nursery are pruned at once to stimulate the dormant buds on the remaining stumps to sprout new branches, laying the foundation for seedling cultivation.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, to ensure sufficient photosynthetic area before rooting of the cuttings while significantly reducing transpiration area, only one pair of leaves is left at the top of the cutting. Simultaneously, for efficient and successful propagation, the cuttings are 0.2–0.4 cm thick. The branches are cut into suitable cuttings, with the lower end cut close to a node and the upper end cut 0.2–0.4 cm from a node, and both cuts are made flush. The cuttings are 10–12 cm long.

[0033] In some embodiments of this invention, before planting the cuttings, they are first soaked in clean water to remove inhibitory substances, and then treated with a rooting agent. The purpose of the rooting agent is to stimulate cell division and elongation, shorten the rooting time, and improve the survival rate. Commonly used rooting agents are indolebutyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and ABT rooting powder. To promote faster rooting of olive seedlings and prevent the cut from being infected and rotting by pathogens during the healing period, ABT No. 1 rooting agent is used in this invention. Too low a concentration of rooting agent will not have a significant effect; too high a concentration will inhibit rooting and may even poison the cuttings. Therefore, in this invention, the concentration of the rooting agent is 50–150 ppm. The soaking time in the rooting agent is 3–5 hours.

[0034] In order to provide a water-retaining, breathable, stable and sterile growing environment for the cuttings, the cutting substrate used in this invention is a mixture of coconut coir and perlite in a volume ratio of 1-2:1-2.

[0035] To facilitate cell division, callus formation, and root primordia differentiation, the air temperature should be maintained at 20℃~25℃ and the soil temperature at 18℃~24℃ during the cutting propagation process. Since the cuttings have no roots before rooting, they absorb very little water. High humidity can significantly reduce the leaf transpiration rate, allowing the cuttings to survive in a stage where water intake is insufficient to cover output. Therefore, the air humidity should be maintained above 85% before rooting and between 75% and 85% after rooting.

[0036] To facilitate rooting of cuttings, the light intensity during the cutting propagation process should be 10–15 KLX.

[0037] Different olive varieties have varying rooting rates and seedling yields from cuttings. Through screening and experimental verification, the applicant has determined that the seedling propagation method of this invention is applicable to commonly used olive varieties, including Corati (…). Coratina ), Kroleka ( Koroneiki ), Abusana ( Arbosana ), Douguo ( Arbequina ), Ezhi No. 8 ( EZ-8 ), Lestar ( Leccino ), Piguar ( Picual ), Foao ( Oil mill ).

[0038] The following specific embodiments will be provided to explain the solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0039] Example 1 1. Establish a seedling orchard for superior varieties: Select varieties approved (certified) by the national or provincial forest tree superior variety committee to establish a seed orchard. Currently, the main superior varieties cultivated include Colati (…). Coratina ), Kroleka ( Koroneiki ), Abusana ( Arbosana ), Douguo ( Arbequina ), Corradi ( Coratina ), Ezhi No. 8 ( EZ-8 ), Lestar ( Leccino ), Piguar ( Picual ), Foao ( Oil mill The scion orchard site should be located in a well-ventilated, sunny area with convenient transportation, a water table below 1 meter, and loose, flat or hilly soil. Planting density should be 2-3 meters between plants and 3 meters between rows. Install a drip irrigation system for fertilization and irrigation. Lay weed control fabric on the ground for physical weed control. Pest and disease management should be carried out according to standard practices.

[0040] 2. Special Pruning: After planting the scion nursery trees, prune them to a single-trunk shape when they reach 1 meter in height. Shorten all lateral branches to 5-10 cm from the main trunk to encourage the sprouting of new shoots from dormant buds, which will be used for cuttings. During the growing season, pruning mainly involves removing overly dense, weak, dead, diseased, and insect-infested branches. For each cutting, prune all branches from the scion nursery trees at once, leaving a stubble of 5-10 cm to stimulate the sprouting of new shoots from dormant buds, laying the foundation for the next seedling stage.

[0041] 3. Cuttings Propagation: Collection of cuttings should be done in the morning, afternoon, or on a cloudy day. Select healthy, one-year-old branches sprouting from dormant buds on trees in the cutting nursery. Tag the collected branches and place them in a pruning room to maintain their freshness. Choose branches with a thickness of 0.2–0.4 cm and no length limit. Cut the branches into suitable cuttings, 10–12 cm long, leaving one pair of leaves at the top. Cut the cuttings close to a node at the bottom and 0.2–0.4 cm from the node at the top, making clean cuts. First, soak the cuttings in clean water for 4 hours to remove inhibitory substances. Then, soak them in a rooting agent (ABT1 at a concentration of 100 ppm) for 4 hours, immersing the base of the cuttings 3–4 cm deep. Finally, insert the prepared cuttings into the prepared rooting medium, which is a 1:1 volume ratio of coconut coir and perlite. Plant one cutting per hole or per paper pot, with the cuttings inserted to a depth of 2 / 3 of their length. Water thoroughly once after planting.

[0042] 4. Post-insertion management: Maintain air temperature at 20℃~25℃ and soil temperature at 18℃~24℃. Before rooting, maintain air humidity above 85%, and after rooting, maintain it at 75~85%. Provide 10~15KLX of light.

[0043] Comparative Example 1: Comparison of rooting rate and seedling emergence rate using two seedling raising methods The seedling raising method of this invention adopts the steps described in Example 1 for seedling raising. The only difference between the conventional seedling raising method and the seedling raising method of this invention is: Conventional seedling propagation method: Select one-year-old branches sprouting from the first and second-order lateral branches of olive trees as cuttings. The cuttings should be 10-12 cm long, with one pair of leaves left at the top. The lower end of the cutting should be cut close to the node, and the upper end should be cut 0.2-0.4 cm away from the node. All cuts should be made flush. Soak the cuttings directly in rooting hormone.

[0044] The seedling cultivation method of this invention is as follows: Select healthy one-year-old branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive trees as cuttings. The cuttings should be 10-12 cm long, with one pair of leaves left at the top. The lower end of the cutting should be cut close to the node, and the upper end should be cut 0.2-0.4 cm away from the node. All cuts should be made flush. First, soak the cuttings in clean water for 2-4 hours to remove inhibitory substances, and then soak them in a rooting agent.

[0045] The specific experimental results are as follows: The trials were conducted in spring and autumn. The trial variety was Kroika (…). Koroneika ), Douguo ( Arbequina ), Corradi ( Coratina ), Ezhi No. 8 ( EZ-8 ), Piguar ( PicualOne-year-old branches from five varieties of mother trees were used for cutting propagation experiments. 200 cuttings of each variety were used for both propagation methods, with four replicates. The cuttings from both methods were cultivated in the same greenhouse under identical management conditions. The cuttings were cut with the same leaf retention, and treated with the same rooting agent (ABT1 at a concentration of 100 ppm). The base of the cuttings was soaked to a depth of 3–4 cm for 4 hours. The average rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of the five varieties from both propagation methods are shown in Table 1. The total number of cuttings and seedlings (per unit) and the average rooting rate (%) are also shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the propagation method described in this invention significantly improves the rooting rate and seedling emergence rate.

[0046] Table 1. Comparison of rooting rate and seedling emergence rate between the seedling raising method of this invention and the traditional seedling raising method.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: Comparison of rooting quality using two seedling cultivation methods The seedling raising method of this invention is the same as that of conventional seedling raising method as Comparative Example 1.

[0048] The trials were conducted in spring and autumn. The trial variety was Kroika (…). Koroneika ), Douguo ( Arbequina ), Corradi ( Coratina ), Ezhi No. 8 ( EZ-8 ), Foao ( Oil mill A cutting propagation experiment was conducted using one-year-old branches from five varieties of mother trees. 300 cuttings of each variety were used for both propagation methods, with three replicates. The cuttings from both methods were cultivated in the same greenhouse under identical management conditions. The leaf retention and rooting agent treatment were the same for both methods: ABT1 rooting agent at a concentration of 100 ppm was used, and the base of the cuttings was soaked to a depth of 3-4 cm for 4 hours. The rooting quality of the five varieties of cuttings from both methods is shown in Table 2. Root rot status: "Present" indicates rotten roots, and "None" indicates no rotten roots. Root quantity: 1-5 roots are "Poor", 6-10 roots are "Good", and more than 10 roots are "Excellent". Table 2 shows that the propagation method described in this invention can significantly improve the quality of the cuttings.

[0049] Table 2. Comparison of rooting quality between the seedling raising method of this invention and the traditional seedling raising method.

[0050] The comparative experimental data from the two sets above show that, compared with conventional seedling cultivation, the seedling propagation method of the present invention for olive cuttings achieves an average rooting rate of over 72% for different olive varieties. Moreover, the notoriously difficult-to-root variety, Krolek, achieves a significantly higher rooting rate of over 72%. Furthermore, no root rot was observed during cutting propagation, and the average number of roots reached over 10, meeting the excellent standard for root quantity. Therefore, the seedling propagation method of the present invention significantly improves both the quality and quantity of olive seedlings.

Claims

1. A method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of olive cuttings, characterized by: Healthy branches sprouting from dormant buds of olive trees are used as cuttings for propagation.

2. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of olive cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cuttings are healthy one-year-old branches that have sprouted from dormant buds of olive trees.

3. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The robust branches for the sprouting and growth of dormant buds of olive trees are obtained through the following steps: After planting the olive seedlings in the scion nursery, the olive seedlings are trained to a height of 1 meter and are uniformly trained into a single-trunk tree shape. All lateral branches are pruned back to 5-10 cm from the trunk to encourage the sprouting of new branches from dormant buds, which will be used for cuttings.

4. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of olive cuttings according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the growth period of olive latent bud branches, remove overly dense, weak, dead, diseased, and insect-infested branches. Each time cuttings are taken, all branches on the tree in the scion nursery should be pruned at once to stimulate the latent buds on the remaining stumps to sprout new branches, laying the foundation for seedling cultivation.

5. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cuttings should be 0.2 to 0.4 cm thick. Cut the branches into suitable cuttings, leaving one pair of leaves at the top of the cutting, cutting the bottom of the cutting close to the node, cutting the top of the cutting 0.2 to 0.4 cm away from the node, and making all cuts flush.

6. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Before inserting the cuttings, soak them in clean water and then treat them with a rooting agent.

7. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rooting agent is ABT1 rooting agent, with a concentration of 50-150 ppm; the rooting agent is used to soak the base of the cuttings to a depth of 3-4 cm; the soaking time is 3-5 hours.

8. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The substrate for cutting propagation is a mixture of coconut coir and perlite in a volume ratio of 1-2:1-2.

9. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence of olive cuttings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the cutting propagation process, at least one of the following conditions must be met: The air temperature is maintained between 20℃ and 25℃; Soil temperature for planting: 18℃~24℃; Maintain air humidity above 85% before rooting, and maintain it between 75% and 85% after rooting. The illumination is 10–15 KLX.

10. The method for improving the rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of olive cuttings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The olive variety is selected from at least one of the following: Corati, Kroleka, Absana, Douguo, Ezhi No. 8, Lexing, Piguaer, and Foao.

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