Glass bottle opening crack detection device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a glass bottle opening crack detection device and a use method thereof, and relates to the technical field of crack detection, the glass bottle opening crack detection device comprises a mounting rack, the bottom of the mounting rack is provided with a three-jaw chuck, and the three-jaw chuck is used for clamping a glass bottle; the lifting device is mounted at the top of the mounting frame; and the rotary detection device is connected to the bottom of the lifting device. When the lifting device moves downwards to be inserted into the bottle opening, the optical detection unit is driven to rotate, images of the bottle opening at different angles are collected, the limitation that the shooting angle of an annular fixed industrial camera and the included angle between the cameras are fixed in the prior art is broken through, and full-circumference image collection of the bottle opening can be achieved without depending on the layout of multiple sets of fixed cameras; hardware investment of multiple sets of industrial cameras and matched installation structures is reduced, the equipment manufacturing cost is reduced, meanwhile, detection blind areas are eliminated, crack defects of all angles and edge details of the bottle opening are conveniently captured, and the probability of missed detection is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crack detection technology, and in particular to a device for detecting cracks in the mouth of a glass bottle and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Glass bottles are widely used in various fields such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and daily chemical products due to their excellent sealing properties, non-toxicity, odorlessness, and strong chemical stability. Different scenarios require glass bottle necks of various diameters. As a critical sealing connection point of glass bottles, the bottle neck has a relatively weak structure and is prone to cracking during production and transportation, directly affecting the product's sealing performance and safety. Therefore, crack detection of glass bottle necks is a core step in production and factory inspection, and it must meet the requirement of comprehensive detection for bottle necks of different diameters, demanding high versatility and comprehensiveness in testing.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream method for optical inspection of glass bottle mouth cracks involves setting up multiple industrial cameras in a ring to capture images of the bottle mouth at fixed points, and then combining this with image recognition algorithms to complete the crack detection. In this method, the installation position of each set of industrial cameras is fixed, and not only can the shooting angle be fixed, but the shooting angle between each set of cameras is also fixed. Its detection coverage can only match glass bottle mouths of a specific diameter. When dealing with bottle mouths of multiple diameters, it is easy to form obvious detection blind spots: when adapting to small-diameter bottle mouths, the camera shooting range overlaps, causing detection redundancy and potentially missing details at the edge of the bottle mouth; when adapting to large-diameter bottle mouths, the fixed angle results in uncovered gaps between cameras, making it impossible to achieve full circumference imaging of the bottle mouth, making it difficult to capture crack defects in the gaps, and the risk of missed detection is high. At the same time, most equipment is designed to adapt to fixed specifications, with poor versatility. When changing the bottle mouth specification to be inspected, it is necessary to readjust or replace the camera module, which is inefficient and cannot meet the full coverage inspection requirements of multiple bottle mouth specifications in large-scale production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a glass bottle mouth crack detection device and its usage method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a glass bottle mouth crack detection device, comprising:

[0006] The mounting frame has a three-jaw chuck at its bottom, which is used to clamp the glass bottle.

[0007] A lifting device, which is mounted on the top of the mounting frame;

[0008] A rotary detection device, which is connected to the bottom of the lifting device.

[0009] Preferably, the lifting device includes:

[0010] A cylinder, which is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting bracket;

[0011] A lifting plate, wherein the lifting plate is connected to the output end of a cylinder via a transmission connection;

[0012] A guide rod is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lifting plate, and the guide rod is slidably inserted into the top of the mounting frame.

[0013] Preferably, the rotary detection device includes:

[0014] An elastic telescopic mechanism is connected to the lower surface of the lifting plate;

[0015] Mounting base, the mounting base being connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic mechanism;

[0016] A flexible toggle mechanism is slidably disposed inside the mounting base;

[0017] An adjustment mechanism is provided, which is connected between the elastic actuation mechanism and the elastic telescopic mechanism.

[0018] A one-way locking mechanism is installed on the top of the mounting base, and one end of the one-way locking mechanism is connected to an elastic telescopic mechanism.

[0019] A one-way rack is mounted on the top of an elastic actuation mechanism, and a one-way locking mechanism is used to limit the one-way movement of the rack in one direction.

[0020] An optical inspection mechanism is rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting base, and the elastic actuation mechanism is used to rotate the optical inspection mechanism.

[0021] Preferably, the elastic telescopic mechanism includes:

[0022] The first sleeve is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate;

[0023] The telescopic rod has its top slidably inserted into the bottom of the first sleeve, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the mounting base. The telescopic rod is T-shaped.

[0024] The first spring is movably disposed inside the first sleeve and is used to provide elastic support for the telescopic rod.

[0025] Preferably, the elastic actuation mechanism includes:

[0026] A rack plate, which is slidably disposed inside the mounting base;

[0027] The insert rod is symmetrically connected to both ends of the rack plate, and the insert rod is slidably inserted into the end of the mounting base;

[0028] The second spring is movably sleeved on the outside of one of the insert rods and is used to provide elastic support for the rack plate.

[0029] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes:

[0030] The slide bar has its bottom fixedly connected to the rack plate and its top slidably inserted into the mounting base. The top of the slide bar has a first inclined surface.

[0031] An extrusion block is fixedly installed on the front side of the first sleeve, and a second inclined surface is provided on the top of the slide bar, with the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface cooperating with each other.

[0032] Preferably, the one-way locking mechanism includes:

[0033] The second sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base;

[0034] A tension rod, which is slidably inserted into the top of the second sleeve, and the tension rod is T-shaped;

[0035] One-way locking teeth, which are connected to the bottom end of the tension rod and are slidably inserted into the mounting base;

[0036] The third spring is movably sleeved on the outside of the tension rod.

[0037] Preferably, the one-way locking mechanism further includes:

[0038] A traction rope, one end of which is connected to the top of a tension rod, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a first sleeve.

[0039] Preferably, the optical inspection mechanism includes:

[0040] A rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to a mounting base via a bearing;

[0041] A gear, which is fixedly sleeved on the outside of a rotating shaft and meshes with a rack plate;

[0042] A rotating base is connected to the bottom of a rotating shaft, and the rotating base is rotatably connected to a mounting base via a bearing;

[0043] An optical detection unit is fixedly mounted on a rotating base.

[0044] A method for detecting cracks at the mouth of a glass bottle, specifically including the following steps:

[0045] S1: First, place the glass bottle on the three-jaw chuck to clamp and fix the glass bottle. With the operation of the cylinder and the limit of the guide rod, the rotary detection device moves downward, so that the rotating seat is inserted into the bottle mouth. Then the cylinder continues to run, so that the mounting seat presses and fixes the bottle mouth. At the same time, through the sliding interlock between the first sleeve and the telescopic rod, the overall shortening movement of the elastic telescopic mechanism is realized. During this process, the first sleeve continues to drive the extrusion block to move downward. Through the cooperation between the second inclined surface of the extrusion block and the first inclined surface of the slide bar, it is easy to adjust the force of the slide bar. Through the force component, the vertical movement of the extrusion block can be used as the power to push the horizontal movement of the slide bar. With the interlocking limit between the interlocking rod and the mounting seat, the slide bar drives the rack plate to slide horizontally in the direction of the second spring. With the meshing connection between the gear and the rack plate, the linear movement of the rack plate can drive the gear to rotate on a fixed axis. The rotating seat drives the optical detection unit to rotate circumferentially.

[0046] S2: By rotating the optical detection unit, images of the bottle opening at different angles are acquired. The images are transmitted to the processor via the acquisition card. First, the core features of the crack are extracted through image segmentation and edge extraction algorithms. Then, the crack is identified through threshold judgment logic. The specific judgment process is as follows:

[0047] S21: Based on historical equipment operating data, normal structural parameters of glass bottle mouths of different specifications, and crack defect sample data, graded thresholds are set for the four core characteristics to achieve multi-dimensional accurate judgment:

[0048] If the change in any core feature is greater than the threshold A, it is judged as an obvious crack, and a non-conforming product sorting signal is immediately triggered.

[0049] If the change is between threshold A and threshold B, it is determined to be a minor crack or a suspected crack. The equipment enters a key monitoring state, controls the optical detection unit to perform a secondary rotation acquisition of the area, and simultaneously starts the brightness fine adjustment of the supplementary light source to improve the image clarity for verification.

[0050] If the change is between threshold B and threshold C, it is judged as a suspected defect. The coordinates and feature data of the area are recorded and included in the batch inspection traceability file. Subsequent batches will strengthen the inspection of this area for glass bottles of the same specifications.

[0051] If the change is less than the threshold C, the bottle opening is judged to be normal and without defects.

[0052] S22: When the equipment is started for the first time or the glass bottle specifications are changed, a lenient threshold range is adopted to avoid misjudgment caused by unstable equipment operation or specification adaptation deviation.

[0053] As the continuous operating time of the equipment increases, the threshold is gradually tightened until it reaches the standard threshold range, balancing detection sensitivity and false alarm rate.

[0054] Combined with dynamic calibration thresholds based on operating conditions: For special operating conditions such as low temperature and high humidity, dust, etc., the grayscale contrast-related thresholds are automatically widened to avoid misjudgments caused by environmental interference; for micro-deformation warning areas, the thresholds of the corresponding areas are automatically tightened to improve the accuracy of hidden crack identification.

[0055] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0056] (1) This invention utilizes the cooperation between the lifting device and the rotating detection device. While the lifting device moves down and inserts into the bottle mouth, it drives the optical detection unit to rotate and collect images of the bottle mouth at different angles. This breaks the limitations of the existing technology where the shooting angle of the ring-shaped fixed industrial camera and the angle between the cameras are fixed. It can achieve full-circumference image acquisition of the bottle mouth without relying on multiple fixed camera layouts, reducing the hardware investment of multiple industrial cameras and supporting installation structures, reducing equipment manufacturing costs. At the same time, for glass bottle mouths of different diameters, there is no need to adjust the camera installation position or change the module. The full-circumference detection needs of various bottle mouths can be adapted by simply rotating the optical detection unit. This avoids the problem of overlapping shooting range when adapting to small diameter bottle mouths and the problem of uncovered gaps when adapting to large diameter bottle mouths. It eliminates detection blind spots, makes it easier to capture cracks and defects at various angles and edge details of the bottle mouth, and reduces the probability of missed detection.

[0057] (2) The present invention utilizes a combination of a rotating base and an optical detection unit. Each optical detection unit consists of a high-brightness LED surface light source, a macro industrial camera, and a narrow-band filter. The high-brightness LED surface light source provides uniform and stable supplementary light, eliminating reflections and shadows on the bottle mouth surface, improving the grayscale contrast between the crack and the bottle body, and providing a clear imaging basis for subsequent crack feature extraction. The macro industrial camera focuses on the small area of ​​the bottle mouth, accurately capturing the crack details on the bottle mouth surface and edge. It is compatible with the rotating base to collect multi-angle images and outputs high-definition images for the processor to complete segmentation and recognition calculations. The narrow-band filter filters out external stray light, allowing only specific wavelengths of light to pass through, improving image purity, reducing stray light interference with crack recognition, ensuring detection accuracy, and avoiding misjudgment.

[0058] (3) The present invention utilizes the combination of a rotating shaft and a gear. Through the connection between the rotating shaft and the rotating seat, when the rack plate moves horizontally in a straight line, the meshing between the rack plate and the gear facilitates the rotation of the fixed axis of the gear, so as to drive the rotation of the rotating shaft and serve as the rotational power for the optical detection unit. Attached Figure Description

[0059] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a front structural diagram of the lifting device of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting base of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the elastic telescopic mechanism of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the elastic actuation mechanism of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 This is a front view of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the one-way locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 8 This is a top view of the gear structure of the present invention.

[0068] In the attached diagram: 100, mounting bracket; 200, lifting device; 201, cylinder; 202, lifting plate; 203, guide rod; 300, rotary detection device; 301, elastic telescopic mechanism; 311, first sleeve; 312, telescopic rod; 313, first spring; 302, mounting base; 303, elastic actuation mechanism; 331, rack plate; 332, inserting rod; 333, second spring; 304, adjusting mechanism; 341, slide bar; 342, pressing block; 305, one-way locking mechanism; 351, second sleeve; 352, tension rod; 353, one-way locking tooth; 354, third spring; 355, traction rope; 306, one-way rack; 307, optical detection mechanism; 371, rotating shaft; 372, gear; 373, rotating base; 374, optical detection unit. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] This invention provides, for example Figures 1-8 The device for detecting cracks at the mouth of a glass bottle and its method of use are shown. The device includes: a mounting frame 100 with a three-jaw chuck at its bottom for clamping the glass bottle; a lifting device 200 mounted on top of the mounting frame 100; and a rotary detection device 300 connected to the bottom of the lifting device 200. As the lifting device 200 moves downwards to insert into the bottle mouth, it drives an optical detection unit 374 to rotate, acquiring images of the bottle mouth from different angles. This overcomes the limitations of existing technologies where the shooting angle of a fixed ring-shaped industrial camera and the angle between cameras are fixed. It overcomes certain limitations and can achieve full-circumference image acquisition of bottle mouths without relying on multiple fixed camera layouts. This reduces the hardware investment in multiple industrial cameras and supporting installation structures, lowering equipment manufacturing costs. At the same time, it can adapt to the full-circumference inspection needs of various bottle mouths of different diameters without adjusting the camera installation position or changing modules. It can adapt to the full-circumference inspection needs of various bottle mouths simply by rotating the optical inspection unit 374. This avoids the problem of overlapping shooting range when adapting to small-diameter bottle mouths and the problem of uncovered gaps when adapting to large-diameter bottle mouths. It eliminates blind spots in inspection, makes it easier to capture cracks and defects at various angles and edge details of the bottle mouth, and reduces the probability of missed detection.

[0071] The lifting device 200 includes: a cylinder 201, which is fixedly installed on the top of the mounting frame 100; a lifting plate 202, which is connected to the output end of the cylinder 201; and a guide rod 203, which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lifting plate 202 and is slidably inserted into the top of the mounting frame 100. The cylinder 201 facilitates the lifting plate 202 to move up and down, making the vertical movement of the lifting plate 202 more stable under the limit of the guide rod 203.

[0072] The rotary detection device 300 includes: an elastic telescopic mechanism 301 connected to the lower surface of the lifting plate 202; a mounting base 302 connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic mechanism 301; an elastic actuating mechanism 303 slidably disposed inside the mounting base 302; an adjusting mechanism 304 connected between the elastic actuating mechanism 303 and the elastic telescopic mechanism 301; and a one-way locking mechanism 305. A locking mechanism 305 is installed on the top of the mounting base 302, and one end of the one-way locking mechanism 305 is connected to the elastic telescopic mechanism 301; a one-way rack 306 is installed on the top of the elastic actuation mechanism 303, and the one-way locking mechanism 305 is used to limit the one-way rack 306 in one direction; an optical detection mechanism 307 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting base 302, and the elastic actuation mechanism 303 is used to rotate the optical detection mechanism 307.

[0073] The elastic telescopic mechanism 301 includes: a first sleeve 311, which is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate 202; a telescopic rod 312, the top of which is slidably inserted into the bottom of the first sleeve 311, and the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the mounting base 302, and the telescopic rod 312 is T-shaped; and a first spring 313, which is movably disposed inside the first sleeve 311 and is used to elastically support the telescopic rod 312. Through the sliding insertion between the first sleeve 311 and the telescopic rod 312, the overall telescopic movement of the elastic telescopic mechanism 301 is facilitated, so that the mounting base 302 can press the bottle mouth tightly before testing.

[0074] The elastic actuation mechanism 303 includes: a rack plate 331, which is slidably disposed inside the mounting base 302; a through rod 332, which is symmetrically connected to both ends of the rack plate 331 and is slidably inserted into the end of the mounting base 302; and a second spring 333, which is movably sleeved outside one of the through rods 332. The second spring 333 is used to elastically support the rack plate 331. Through the sliding insertion between the through rod 332 and the mounting base 302, the linear movement of the rack plate 331 is made more stable. Through the compression deformation of the second spring 333, the rack plate 331 is elastically supported and its reset is facilitated.

[0075] Specifically, the adjustment mechanism 304 includes: a slide bar 341, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the rack plate 331, and the slide bar 341 is slidably connected to the top of the mounting base 302, with a first inclined surface on the top of the slide bar 341; and a pressing block 342, which is fixedly installed on the front of the first sleeve 311, with a second inclined surface on the top of the slide bar 341. The first and second inclined surfaces cooperate with each other, and the slide bar 341 is slidably connected to the top of the mounting base 302 to provide horizontal movement for the slide bar 341. Precise guidance and limiting prevent deviation and jamming during the movement of the slider 341, ensuring a regular movement trajectory. The first and second inclined surfaces of the slider 341 and the extrusion block 342 cooperate with each other to convert the vertical movement of the extrusion block 342 with the first sleeve 311 into the horizontal movement of the slider 341, realizing smooth power transmission and direction conversion. The rack plate 331 can be driven to slide without additional power drive, and then the optical detection unit 374 can be driven to complete the circumferential rotation through the meshing of the gear 372, simplifying the power transmission structure.

[0076] The one-way locking mechanism 305 includes: a second sleeve 351, which is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base 302; a tension rod 352, which is slidably inserted into the top of the second sleeve 351 and is T-shaped; a one-way locking tooth 353, which is connected to the bottom end of the tension rod 352 and is slidably inserted into the mounting base 302; a third spring 354, which is movably sleeved on the outside of the tension rod 352; and a traction rope 355, one end of which is connected to the top of the tension rod 352. The other end of the guide rope 355 is fixedly connected to the first sleeve 311. The second sleeve 351 facilitates the limiting of the sliding of the tension rod 352 and also limits the top end of the third spring 354. The third spring 354 provides unidirectional support to the one-way locking tooth 353, thereby limiting the unidirectional engagement of the one-way locking tooth 353 with the one-way rack 306. When the rack plate 331 slides linearly in the direction of the second spring 333, the unidirectional engagement of the one-way locking tooth 353 with the one-way rack 306 prevents the rack plate 331 from slipping back, thus preventing the optical detection unit 3 from slipping back. The optical detection unit 374 immediately rotates back to prevent the lifting device 200 from immediately rotating back to take repeated pictures when it starts to rise, thus reducing invalid image acquisition and redundant data processing and reducing the computing load of the equipment. When the lifting plate 202 rises, it will first drive the first sleeve 311 to rise and return to its original position. Through the elastic support of the first spring 313, the elastic telescopic mechanism 301 begins to extend as a whole until the top of the telescopic rod 312 is in close contact with the inner wall of the first sleeve 311, extending to its limit position. At this time, under the pull of the first sleeve 311, the traction rope 355 tightens and pulls the tension rod 352. This allows the one-way locking tooth 353 to move upwards, disengaging from the one-way rack 306 and unlocking the one-way engagement with the rack plate 331. At this point, under the elastic support of the second spring 333, the rack plate 331 slides back in a direction away from the second spring 333. Only then does the optical detection unit 374 begin to rotate, allowing sufficient image processing time for the processor. This ensures that the image segmentation, edge extraction, threshold judgment, and other computational processes are complete and efficient, improving the accuracy of crack recognition. It also ensures smooth connection between each detection stage, further enhancing the stability of equipment operation and the rationality of the detection process.

[0077] Specifically, the optical inspection mechanism 307 includes: a rotating shaft 371, which is rotatably connected to a mounting base 302 via bearings; a gear 372, which is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 371 and meshes with a rack plate 331; a rotating seat 373, which is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft 371 and rotatably connected to the mounting base 302 via bearings; and an optical inspection unit 374, which is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat 373. Through the connection between the rotating shaft 371 and the rotating seat 373, when the rack plate 331 performs horizontal linear movement, the meshing between the rack plate 331 and the gear 372 facilitates the rotation of the gear 372 along its fixed axis, thereby driving the rotating shaft 371. Rotation serves as the driving force for the rotation of the optical detection unit 374. Each optical detection unit 374 consists of a high-brightness LED surface light source, a macro industrial camera, and a narrow-band filter. The high-brightness LED surface light source provides uniform and stable supplementary lighting, eliminating reflections and shadows on the bottle mouth surface, improving the grayscale contrast between the crack and the bottle body, and providing a clear imaging foundation for subsequent crack feature extraction. The macro industrial camera focuses on the tiny area of ​​the bottle mouth, accurately capturing crack details on the bottle mouth surface and edges. It is adapted to the rotating base 373 to acquire multi-angle images and output high-definition images for the processor to complete segmentation and recognition calculations. The narrow-band filter filters out external stray light, allowing only specific wavelengths of light to pass through, improving image purity, reducing interference from stray light on crack recognition, ensuring detection accuracy, and avoiding misjudgments.

[0078] A method for detecting cracks at the mouth of a glass bottle, specifically including the following steps:

[0079] S1: First, place the glass bottle on the three-jaw chuck to clamp and fix the glass bottle. Then, driven by the cylinder 201 and limited by the guide rod 203, the rotary detection device 300 moves downwards, causing the rotating seat 373 to insert into the bottle neck. The cylinder 201 continues to operate, causing the mounting seat 302 to press and fix the bottle neck. Simultaneously, through the sliding interlocking of the first sleeve 311 and the telescopic rod 312, the elastic telescopic mechanism 301 shortens as a whole. During this process, the first sleeve 311 continues to drive the pressing block 342 downwards, passing through the second inclined surface of the pressing block 342. The interaction between the slider 341 and the first inclined surface facilitates the adjustment of the force applied to the slider 341. Through the component of the force, the vertical movement of the pressing block 342 can serve as the power to push the slider 341 to move horizontally. Under the insertion limit between the insert rod 332 and the mounting base 302, the slider 341 drives the rack plate 331 to slide horizontally in the direction of the second spring 333. With the meshing connection between the gear 372 and the rack plate 331, the linear movement of the rack plate 331 can drive the gear 372 to rotate on a fixed axis, and drive the optical detection unit 374 to rotate circumferentially through the rotating base 373.

[0080] S2: By rotating the optical detection unit 374, images of the bottle opening at different angles are acquired. The images are transmitted to the processor via the acquisition card. First, the core features of the crack (including four core indicators: crack width, length, grayscale contrast, and edge continuity) are extracted through image segmentation and edge extraction algorithms. Then, the crack is identified through threshold judgment logic. The specific judgment process is as follows:

[0081] S21: Based on historical equipment operating data, normal structural parameters of glass bottle mouths of different specifications, and crack defect sample data, graded thresholds are set for the four core characteristics to achieve multi-dimensional accurate judgment:

[0082] If the change in any core feature is greater than the threshold A (e.g., crack width ≥ 0.01 mm, grayscale contrast difference ≥ 30, crack length ≥ 0.5 mm, edge continuity break length ≥ 0.3 mm), it is judged as an obvious crack, and a non-conforming product sorting signal is immediately triggered.

[0083] If the change is between threshold A and threshold B (e.g., crack width 0.005-0.01mm, grayscale contrast difference 15-30, crack length 0.2-0.5mm, edge continuity break length 0.1-0.3mm), it is determined to be a minor crack or suspected crack. The equipment enters the key monitoring state, controls the optical detection unit (374) to perform secondary rotation acquisition of the area, and at the same time starts the brightness fine adjustment of the supplementary light source to improve the image clarity for verification.

[0084] If the change is between threshold B and threshold C (e.g., crack width 0.002-0.005mm, grayscale contrast difference 8-15, crack length 0.05-0.2mm, edge continuity break length 0.03-0.1mm), it is judged as a suspected defect. The coordinates and characteristic data of the area are recorded and included in the batch inspection traceability file. Subsequent batches will strengthen the inspection of this area for glass bottles of the same specifications.

[0085] If the change is less than the threshold C (e.g., crack width < 0.002 mm, grayscale contrast difference < 8, crack length < 0.05 mm, edge continuity break length < 0.03 mm), then the bottle mouth is judged to be normal and without defects.

[0086] S22: When the equipment is started for the first time or the glass bottle specifications are changed, a loose threshold range is adopted (thresholds A, B, and C are all increased by 20%-30%) to avoid misjudgment caused by unstable equipment operation or specification adaptation deviation.

[0087] As the continuous operating time of the equipment increases (cumulative testing ≥500 pieces), the thresholds are gradually tightened (for every 1000 cumulative tests, thresholds A, B, and C are tightened by 5%-10%) until the standard threshold range is reached, balancing detection sensitivity and false positive rate.

[0088] Combined with dynamic calibration thresholds based on operating conditions: For special operating conditions such as low temperature and high humidity, dust, etc., the grayscale contrast-related thresholds are automatically widened (expanded by 15%-20%) to avoid misjudgments caused by environmental interference; For micro-deformation warning areas, the thresholds of the corresponding areas are automatically tightened (tightened by 10%-15%) to improve the accuracy of hidden crack identification.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for detecting cracks in the mouth of a glass bottle, characterized in that, include: Mounting bracket (100), the bottom of which is provided with a three-jaw chuck for clamping glass bottles; A lifting device (200) is mounted on the top of the mounting frame (100); A rotary detection device (300) is connected to the bottom of a lifting device (200).

2. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting device (200) includes: Cylinder (201), the cylinder (201) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting bracket (100); A lifting plate (202) is connected to the output end of a cylinder (201) via a transmission connection. Guide rod (203) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of lifting plate (202), and the guide rod (203) is slidably inserted into the top of mounting bracket (100).

3. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary detection device (300) includes: An elastic telescopic mechanism (301) is connected to the lower surface of the lifting plate (202); Mounting base (302), the mounting base (302) is connected to the bottom end of the elastic telescopic mechanism (301); A flexible actuating mechanism (303) is slidably disposed inside the mounting base (302); An adjustment mechanism (304) is connected between an elastic actuation mechanism (303) and an elastic telescopic mechanism (301); A one-way locking mechanism (305) is installed on the top of the mounting base (302), and one end of the one-way locking mechanism (305) is connected to the elastic telescopic mechanism (301). One-way rack (306), the one-way rack (306) is mounted on the top of the elastic actuation mechanism (303), and the one-way locking mechanism (305) is used to limit the one-way rack (306) in one direction; An optical inspection mechanism (307) is rotatably connected to the bottom of a mounting base (302), and an elastic actuating mechanism (303) is used to actuate and rotate the optical inspection mechanism (307).

4. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic telescopic mechanism (301) includes: The first sleeve (311) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate (202); Telescopic rod (312), the top of the telescopic rod (312) is slidably inserted into the bottom of the first sleeve (311), the bottom of the telescopic rod (312) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (302), and the telescopic rod (312) is T-shaped; The first spring (313) is movably disposed inside the first sleeve (311) and is used to provide elastic support for the telescopic rod (312).

5. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic actuation mechanism (303) includes: A rack plate (331) is slidably disposed inside the mounting base (302); Insertion rod (332), which is symmetrically connected to both ends of rack plate (331), and the insertion rod (332) is slidably inserted into the end of mounting base (302); The second spring (333) is movably sleeved on the outside of one of the insert rods (332) and is used to provide elastic support for the rack plate (331).

6. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism (304) includes: The bottom of the slide bar (341) is fixedly connected to the rack plate (331), and the slide bar (341) is slidably inserted into the top of the mounting base (302). The top of the slide bar (341) is provided with a first inclined surface. The extrusion block (342) is fixedly installed on the front side of the first sleeve (311), and the top of the slide bar (341) is provided with a second inclined surface, and the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface cooperate with each other.

7. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The one-way locking mechanism (305) includes: The second sleeve (351) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting base (302); A tension rod (352) is slidably inserted into the top of the second sleeve (351), and the tension rod (352) is T-shaped. One-way locking tooth (353), the one-way locking tooth (353) is connected to the bottom end of the tension rod (352), and the one-way locking tooth (353) is slidably inserted into the mounting base (302); The third spring (354) is movably sleeved on the outside of the tension rod (352).

8. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The one-way locking mechanism (305) further includes: A traction rope (355) is provided, one end of which is connected to the top of a tension rod (352), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a first sleeve (311).

9. The glass bottle mouth crack detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The optical inspection mechanism (307) includes: A rotating shaft (371) is rotatably connected to a mounting base (302) via a bearing; Gear (372), the gear (372) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (371), and the gear (372) meshes with the rack plate (331); A rotating seat (373) is connected to the bottom of a rotating shaft (371), and the rotating seat (373) is rotatably connected to a mounting base (302) via a bearing; An optical detection unit (374) is fixedly mounted on a rotating base (373).

10. A method for detecting cracks at the mouth of a glass bottle, characterized in that, The detection method includes a glass bottle mouth crack detection device as described in any one of claims 1-9, specifically comprising the following steps: S1: First, place the glass bottle on the three-jaw chuck and clamp and fix the glass bottle. Through the operation of the cylinder (201), under the limit of the guide rod (203), drive the rotary detection device (300) to move downward, so that the rotating seat (373) is inserted into the bottle mouth. Then the cylinder (201) continues to run, so that the mounting seat (302) presses and fixes the bottle mouth. At the same time, through the sliding interlock between the first sleeve (311) and the telescopic rod (312), the elastic telescopic mechanism (301) shortens as a whole. During this process, the first sleeve (311) continues to drive the extrusion block (342) to move downward. Through the second inclined surface of the extrusion block (342) and the slide bar The mutual cooperation between the first inclined surfaces of (341) facilitates the adjustment of the force of the slide bar (341). Through the component force, the vertical movement of the pressing block (342) can be used as the power to push the slide bar (341) to move horizontally. Under the insertion limit between the insert rod (332) and the mounting seat (302), the slide bar (341) drives the rack plate (331) to slide horizontally in the direction of the second spring (333). With the meshing connection between the gear (372) and the rack plate (331), the linear movement of the rack plate (331) can drive the gear (372) to rotate on a fixed axis, and drive the optical detection unit (374) to rotate circumferentially through the rotating seat (373). S2: By rotating the optical detection unit (374), images of the bottle opening at different angles are acquired. The images are transmitted to the processor via the acquisition card. First, the core features of the crack are extracted through image segmentation and edge extraction algorithms. Then, the crack is identified through threshold judgment logic. The specific judgment process is as follows: S21: Based on historical equipment operating data, normal structural parameters of glass bottle mouths of different specifications, and crack defect sample data, graded thresholds are set for the four core characteristics to achieve multi-dimensional accurate judgment: If the change in any core feature is greater than the threshold A, it is judged as an obvious crack, and a non-conforming product sorting signal is immediately triggered. If the change is between threshold A and threshold B, it is determined to be a minor crack or a suspected crack. The equipment enters the key monitoring state, controls the optical detection unit (374) to perform secondary rotation acquisition on the area, and starts the brightness fine adjustment of the supplementary light source to improve the image clarity for verification. If the change is between threshold B and threshold C, it is judged as a suspected defect. The coordinates and feature data of the area are recorded and included in the batch inspection traceability file. Subsequent batches will strengthen the inspection of this area for glass bottles of the same specifications. If the change is less than the threshold C, the bottle opening is judged to be normal and without defects. S22: When the equipment is started for the first time or the glass bottle specifications are changed, a lenient threshold range is adopted to avoid misjudgment caused by unstable equipment operation or specification adaptation deviation. As the continuous operating time of the equipment increases, the threshold is gradually tightened until it reaches the standard threshold range, balancing detection sensitivity and false alarm rate. Combined with dynamic calibration thresholds based on operating conditions: For special operating conditions such as low temperature and high humidity, dust, etc., the grayscale contrast-related thresholds are automatically widened to avoid misjudgments caused by environmental interference; for micro-deformation warning areas, the thresholds of the corresponding areas are automatically tightened to improve the accuracy of hidden crack identification.

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