Nuclear reactor starting sequence control method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a nuclear reactor starting sequence control method and device, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear power. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the starting process of the nuclear reactor into a plurality of process stages; dividing equipment participating in the starting of the nuclear reactor into a plurality of functional groups according to the control task of each process stage; determining the starting logic and the signal priority of the equipment in each function group; and in response to a starting instruction of the nuclear reactor, controlling the devices of the nuclear reactor to start according to the starting logic and the signal priority of each device. According to the embodiment of the invention, the problem of low operation efficiency of nuclear reactor starting sequence control in the prior art can be solved, and high efficiency and intelligence of nuclear reactor starting sequence control are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for controlling the startup sequence of a nuclear reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear reactor startup is a complex systems engineering project that transitions a nuclear power plant from a cold shutdown state to power operation. It involves the coordinated operation of multiple subsystems, including the primary loop system, secondary loop system, reactor body, and dedicated safety facilities. This process is characterized by strong coupling of multiple variables, frequent changes in operating conditions, and complex operating sequences. It requires precise control of key parameters such as coolant temperature, pressure, level, and neutron flux at different stages, while coordinating the operating timing of dozens of types of equipment, such as main pumps, control rods, pressurizer electric heaters, and spray valves. This places stringent demands on the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of control.

[0003] Currently, reactor startup operations still largely rely on manual control by operators or simple automated systems based on fixed logic. Manual control involves cumbersome and lengthy procedures, heavily depends on operator experience and condition, and is susceptible to fatigue, misjudgment, and other factors, leading to operational delays or even erroneous operations, posing a potential threat to nuclear safety. While simple automated systems can partially replace manual operation, they generally employ a strictly linear sequential execution model, lacking intelligent scheduling between tasks, resulting in excessively long startup cycles and low operational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to propose a method and apparatus for controlling the startup sequence of a nuclear reactor, aiming to solve the problem of low operating efficiency in the prior art of nuclear reactor startup sequence control, and to achieve high efficiency and intelligence in nuclear reactor startup sequence control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this application proposes a method for controlling the startup sequence of a nuclear reactor, the method comprising: The startup process of a nuclear reactor is divided into multiple technological stages; The equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage. Determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group; In response to the start-up command of the nuclear reactor, the reactor equipment is controlled to start up according to the start-up logic and signal priority of each device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the startup process of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple process stages, including: Obtain the thermo-hydraulic characteristic parameters for the startup of the nuclear reactor; Based on the aforementioned thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters, the process stages are divided into the first stage of heating and pressurization, the stage of pressurization and gas chamber construction, the second stage of heating after the gas chamber is established, the critical process stage, and the power operation stage.

[0007] In some embodiments, the equipment participating in the startup of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage, including: For each process stage control task, the multiple devices are divided into multiple functional groups based on at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task.

[0008] In some embodiments, dividing the multiple devices into multiple functional groups based on at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task includes: Devices that perform the same or complementary functions in the control task are grouped into a functional group; And / or, The devices that work together in the control task according to a preset operation sequence are divided into a functional group; And / or, Devices that are directly connected or coupled in the physical system or control loop of the nuclear reactor are grouped into a functional group.

[0009] In some embodiments, determining the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group includes: Based on the pre-execution conditions of each functional group, set the startup logic for each functional group; Establish signal priorities for each of the aforementioned devices; A control algorithm is set for each of the aforementioned devices.

[0010] In some embodiments, the prerequisite execution conditions include the necessary conditions for starting each device in the functional group. The necessary conditions include that before the device starts, all preceding devices that have logical dependencies on the device have completed all preset tasks, and the system parameters related to the device are all up to standard.

[0011] In some embodiments, setting startup logic for each function group based on the pre-execution conditions of each function group includes: Based on the aforementioned prerequisite execution conditions, a startup logic is set for each functional group. The startup logic includes, upon receiving a completion signal from a preceding functional group that has a logical dependency on the functional group, and confirming that all devices within the functional group are in normal condition and that the system parameters of the nuclear reactor meet the standards, starting the functional group.

[0012] In some embodiments, establishing signal priority for each of the devices includes: Obtain the safety control priority requirements for the nuclear reactor; According to the safety control priority requirements, a signal priority is established for each device. The signal priority includes nuclear safety protection signals taking precedence over manual operation signals, manual control signals taking precedence over automatic sequential control signals, and automatic sequential control signals executing according to preset logic when there are no higher priority signals.

[0013] In some embodiments, setting a control algorithm for each of the devices includes: For each process stage and functional group of the equipment, a corresponding control algorithm is selected from a preset control algorithm library for startup control. The control algorithm library includes expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithms. The execution logic of the expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm includes: Obtain the current operating status information of the nuclear reactor; Based on the operating condition information, the deviations and rates of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor are obtained; Based on the magnitude of the deviation and the rate of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor, the parameter adjustment rules in the preset expert knowledge base are matched. According to the parameter adjustment rules, the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller are dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized control command.

[0014] In some embodiments, controlling the startup of the nuclear reactor devices according to the startup logic and signal priority of each device includes: Based on the startup logic and the signal priority, at least two functional groups are obtained, and all devices in each functional group have no logical dependency or resource competition with all devices in other functional groups in the at least two functional groups. Parallel control is performed on the functional groups of the at least two functional groups; The startup order of the other functional groups among the plurality of functional groups, excluding the at least two functional groups, is controlled according to the startup logic and the signal priority.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application provides a nuclear reactor start-up sequence control device, the device comprising: The first partitioning module is used to divide the nuclear reactor startup process into multiple process stages; The second partitioning module is used to divide the equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage. A determination module is used to determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group; The control module is used to respond to the start-up command of the nuclear reactor and control the start-up of the nuclear reactor equipment according to the start-up logic and signal priority of each device.

[0016] The nuclear reactor startup sequence control method and apparatus proposed in this application divides the complex startup process into multiple ordered process stages at the system level. Then, based on the objectives of each stage, the numerous devices involved are aggregated into multiple independently executable functional groups according to their functions, logic, and connections. Next, signal priorities and startup logic are defined for each functional group and its internal devices. Upon receiving a startup command, the system can intelligently schedule and control the startup of each device according to the aforementioned logic and priority criteria. By establishing priority criteria and standardized automated processes, this application ensures the absolute priority of nuclear safety signals and eliminates the risk of human error, thereby significantly improving the system's safety margin and operational reliability. Simultaneously, it supports parallel task execution based on logical dependencies, breaking free from the constraints of traditional linear processes, greatly shortening startup time, and ultimately achieving global automation, standardization, and optimization of the reactor startup process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the condition controller provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the PID controller provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the expert PID controller provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a system structure block diagram of the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0019] It should be noted that although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0021] Nuclear reactor startup is a complex systems engineering project that transitions a nuclear power plant from a cold shutdown state to power operation. It involves the coordinated operation of multiple subsystems, including the primary loop system, secondary loop system, reactor body, and dedicated safety facilities. This process is characterized by strong coupling of multiple variables, frequent changes in operating conditions, and complex operating sequences. It requires precise control of key parameters such as coolant temperature, pressure, level, and neutron flux at different stages, while coordinating the operating timing of dozens of types of equipment, such as main pumps, control rods, pressurizer electric heaters, and spray valves. This places stringent demands on the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of control.

[0022] Currently, reactor startup operations still largely rely on manual control by operators or simple automated systems based on fixed logic. Manual control involves cumbersome and lengthy procedures, heavily depends on operator experience and condition, and is susceptible to fatigue, misjudgment, and other factors, leading to operational delays or even erroneous operations, posing a potential threat to nuclear safety. While simple automated systems can partially replace manual operation, they generally employ a strictly linear sequential execution model, lacking intelligent scheduling between tasks, resulting in excessively long startup cycles and low operational efficiency.

[0023] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a nuclear reactor startup sequence control method and apparatus. By constructing a hierarchical and grouped automated control architecture, combined with strict priority criteria and parallel task execution mechanism, it solves the problems of insufficient safety, reliability and operating efficiency in traditional startup methods, and has the advantages of significantly improving the automation level and safety margin of the reactor startup process.

[0024] The nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method and apparatus provided in this application are specifically described through the following embodiments. First, the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method in this application embodiment is described.

[0025] The nuclear reactor startup sequence control method provided in this application relates to the field of nuclear power technology. This method can be applied to a terminal, a server, or software running on either a terminal or a server. In some embodiments, the terminal can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, etc.; the server can be configured as an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms; the software can be an application implementing the nuclear reactor startup sequence control method, but is not limited to the above forms.

[0026] This application can be used in a wide variety of general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices. This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S100 to S400.

[0028] Step S100 divides the nuclear reactor startup process into multiple process stages.

[0029] In this embodiment, based on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics, neutron physics characteristics, and overall control objectives of the nuclear reactor startup, the entire startup process is divided into multiple preset process stages at the system level, and the core control tasks of each stage are clearly defined (such as heating, pressurizing, building gas chambers, reaching criticality, and stable operation), providing a top-level framework for subsequent equipment grouping and control execution.

[0030] In this embodiment, the reactor startup process is divided into multiple preset process stages at the system level. These stages include, but are not limited to: the first stage of temperature and pressure increase, the stage of pressure increase and gas chamber establishment, the second stage of temperature increase after gas chamber establishment, the criticality stage, and the power operation stage. This division discretizes the continuous and complex startup process into several clearly defined state intervals, facilitating the implementation of specific control strategies for each interval. For example, in the "first stage of temperature and pressure increase," the control focus is on establishing the main pump flow rate and initially increasing the primary loop temperature; in the "criticality stage," the control focus shifts to monitoring the neutron flux and precisely controlling the lifting of the control rods.

[0031] In step S200, the equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage.

[0032] In this embodiment, for each process stage, the system identifies the specific control tasks that need to be completed in that stage, and logically categorizes and packages the equipment involved in these tasks into functional groups. This categorization is based on, but is not limited to, equipment functions, equipment operation logic, and the connection relationships between equipment.

[0033] Specifically, for the core control tasks of each process stage, all equipment involved in the task is identified, and these devices are divided into multiple functional groups based on their functional attributes, operating logic, and inter-device connections. The division follows the principles of functional synergy, clear boundaries, and no task overlap, ensuring that each functional group focuses on completing the specific sub-task of its corresponding process stage. Specifically, functional groups can be set up as follows: initial cold stop, charging and main pump shaft seal water, main coolant system, main pump start, control rod operation, coolant heating, pressurizer-spray valve pressurization, cooling stop system, dedicated safety facilities, further cooling system heating, charging orifice plate, and final control rod adjustment, achieving modular management of equipment control.

[0034] Step S300: Determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group.

[0035] In this embodiment, the startup logic of each functional group is defined according to the pre-execution conditions. The pre-execution conditions include receiving the completion signal of the preceding associated functional group, confirming that all equipment in the functional group is in a fault-free and operational normal state, and that the current system parameters of the nuclear reactor (such as pressure, temperature, etc.) meet the preset threshold requirements for the startup of the functional group. The functional group can be started when all pre-execution conditions are met.

[0036] Based on the principle of prioritizing nuclear safety, a signal priority criterion is established for the equipment. Among them, nuclear safety-related protection signals have the highest priority. Manual control signals from the main control room operator take precedence over automatic sequential control signals. Automatic sequential control signals are executed according to preset logic when there is no intervention from higher priority signals, ensuring priority response and safety control of critical signals.

[0037] Step S400: In response to the start-up command of the nuclear reactor, control the start-up of the nuclear reactor equipment according to the start-up logic and signal priority of each device.

[0038] In this embodiment, upon receiving a nuclear reactor start-up command (including an automatic start-up command or a manually authorized start-up command), the system sequentially or in parallel controls the startup of equipment within each functional group according to the timing requirements of each process stage, the start-up logic of the functional group, and signal priority criteria. For functional groups without logical dependencies or resource contention, parallel paths are used for synchronous execution. For functional groups with timing dependencies, they are triggered sequentially according to the start-up logic, ultimately completing the equipment control of the entire nuclear reactor start-up process.

[0039] This embodiment divides the startup process into clearly defined process stages, divides the equipment into functional groups according to control tasks, and clarifies the startup logic of each device, making the startup process structured and modular, reducing coordination conflicts in equipment operation, ensuring a smooth and controllable startup process, and improving the reliability of system operation. By establishing strict signal priority criteria, it ensures the absolute priority execution of nuclear safety-related signals, and replaces manual operation with standardized automatic startup logic to avoid safety risks caused by human error, thus significantly improving the safety margin of the startup process.

[0040] In some embodiments, step S100 may include, but is not limited to, steps S110 to S130: Step S110: Obtain the thermo-hydraulic characteristic parameters for the startup of the nuclear reactor; Step S120: Based on the thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters, the process stages are divided into the first stage of heating and pressurization, the stage of pressurization and gas chamber construction, the second stage of heating after the gas chamber is established, the critical process stage, and the power operation stage.

[0041] In this embodiment, before dividing the process into stages, the system first needs to acquire the current physical state data of the nuclear reactor, namely the thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters, through the data acquisition module. These parameters are core parameters reflecting the thermal state and hydrodynamic characteristics of the nuclear reactor, including but not limited to equipment status signals, temperature rise rate, in-core pressure, reactor cycle, secondary loop load, neutron counter signal, main pump shaft seal water flow rate, pressurizer water level, spray valve opening, electric heater power, heat exchanger outlet flow rate, control rod position, steam flow rate, primary loop temperature, and steam pressure.

[0042] Subsequently, based on the evolution of the aforementioned thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters and the preset target thresholds, the system logically divides the startup process into the following five consecutive process stages: the first stage of temperature and pressure increase, the stage of pressure increase and gas chamber establishment, the second stage of temperature increase after the gas chamber is established, the criticality stage, and the power operation stage. The core task of the first stage of temperature and pressure increase is to achieve the initial temperature and pressure increase of the primary coolant; the core task of the stage of pressure increase and gas chamber establishment is to establish a stable gas chamber through pressurizer regulation; the core task of the second stage of temperature increase after the gas chamber is established is to further increase the coolant temperature to the preset range; the core task of the criticality stage is to bring the reactor to criticality by adjusting the control rods; and the core task of the power operation stage is to maintain stable power operation of the reactor.

[0043] Specifically, the first stage of temperature and pressure ramp-up begins when the reactor is in a cold shutdown state. Its core objective is to gradually increase the temperature and pressure of the primary coolant using the heat generated by the rotation of the main pumps and possible auxiliary heating methods, establishing pressure balance between the pressurizer and the primary coolant, thus preparing for the subsequent establishment of a gas chamber. During this stage, the focus of control is on controlling the rate of temperature and pressure rise to prevent excessive thermal shock.

[0044] When the primary circuit temperature and pressure rise to near but slightly below the operating pressure, the pressure boosting and gas chamber construction stage begins. Its core objective is to establish a gas chamber at the top of the pressure regulator through drainage or heating. The establishment of this gas chamber enables the pressure regulator to precisely control the primary circuit pressure via spraying and electric heating, marking a shift in pressure control methods.

[0045] When the volume of the pressure regulator's gas chamber stabilizes within the preset range, the system pressure remains near the saturation pressure corresponding to the gas chamber, and the coolant temperature needs to be further increased to near the rated operating temperature range, the system enters the second stage of temperature rise after the gas chamber is established. In this stage, the system uses the pressure regulator-spray valve pressurization function group to maintain the primary loop pressure stability while continuing to increase the primary loop temperature until the temperature plateau specified for hot zero power is reached.

[0046] Once the thermal-hydraulic parameters have reached the thermal plateau (temperature and pressure stabilize near their rated values), the neutron flux begins to increase significantly with the raising of the control rods, entering the criticality stage. This stage physically marks the transition from the subcritical to the critical state. The control logic shifts from thermal-hydraulic control to reactive control. The system operates the control rod operation function group, raising the control rods according to the sequence and rate calculated by reactor physics until the reactor reaches the critical state (effective multiplication factor Keff = 1).

[0047] Once the reactor reaches criticality, with a stable neutron count rate, all thermal-hydraulic parameters (temperature, pressure, and flow rate) within their rated operating range, and the reactor output power meeting preset requirements without significant fluctuations, it enters the power operation phase. During this phase, the reactor power is gradually increased by raising the control rods and adjusting the turbine regulating valves.

[0048] This embodiment divides the reactor into stages based on the variation law of thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters, making the boundaries of each stage clearly defined and the physical meaning clear, avoiding the subjective bias of empirical division, and ensuring that the stage division is highly adapted to the actual start-up state of the reactor.

[0049] In some embodiments, step S200 may include, but is not limited to, step S210: Step S210: For each process stage control task, the multiple devices are divided into multiple functional groups according to at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task.

[0050] In this embodiment, the system intelligently and modularly encapsulates the specific control tasks for each process stage based on three core dimensions or combinations thereof: equipment function, equipment operation logic, and inter-equipment connection relationships, resulting in multiple functional groups. For each process stage divided at the system level (such as the first stage of heating and pressurizing, the stage of pressurizing and building a gas chamber, etc.), the core control objectives of the stage are first defined (such as initial heating and pressurizing, establishing a stable gas chamber, achieving criticality, etc.), and then broken down into several specific executable sub-tasks. The execution requirements and expected effects of each sub-task are clarified, providing target guidance for equipment grouping.

[0051] This involves identifying all equipment involved in each subtask, collecting and organizing three core attribute information categories for each device: equipment function, equipment operation logic, and the connections between devices. Equipment function includes the core design purpose and startup responsibilities of the equipment (e.g., pressure regulation, temperature increase, safety protection); equipment operation logic includes the start / stop trigger conditions, operation sequence requirements, operating parameter thresholds, and timing dependencies with other devices (e.g., execution after the preceding device is started, synchronous start / stop, parameter linkage adjustment); and the connections between devices include physical connections (e.g., fluid connectivity, mechanical linkage) and signal connections (e.g., control signal interaction, data transmission links), clarifying whether there are input / output associations or synchronous control requirements between devices.

[0052] Specifically, step S210 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps: Devices that perform the same or complementary functions in the control task are grouped into a functional group; And / or, The devices that work together in the control task according to a preset operation sequence are divided into a functional group; And / or, Devices that are directly connected or coupled in the physical system or control loop of the nuclear reactor are grouped into a functional group.

[0053] In this embodiment, based on the principles of no conflict within the group, clear boundaries between groups, and adaptation to sub-task objectives, the equipment involved in the control task of each process stage is divided into multiple functional groups according to one or more of the above-mentioned core attribute information.

[0054] Specifically, based on equipment function, devices with consistent functional goals and serving the same sub-task can be grouped into the same functional group, ensuring that devices within the group focus on completing a single core task and avoiding coordination conflicts caused by mixing devices with different functions. Based on equipment operation logic, devices with consistent operation timing, identical triggering conditions, and close timing dependencies can be grouped into the same functional group, ensuring that devices within the group operate without timing conflicts and can be executed collaboratively according to a unified logic. Based on the connection relationships between devices, devices with close physical / signal connections and requiring synchronous control can be grouped into the same functional group, avoiding parameter mismatches or system fluctuations caused by independent control. After the division is completed, it is verified whether the task boundaries of each functional group are clear and without overlap, whether there are coordination conflicts among devices within the group, and whether all devices involved in the startup are covered without omission. Adjustments and optimizations are made for conflicting or unreasonable groupings, ultimately forming multiple functional groups that are precisely adapted to the control tasks of the process stage. In this embodiment, the division criteria can also be flexibly adjusted according to the differences in control tasks at different process stages and the equipment configuration characteristics of different types of nuclear reactors.

[0055] In this embodiment, the functional groups can be divided into: initial cold stop functional group, charging and main pump shaft seal water functional group, main coolant system functional group, main pump start functional group, control rod operation functional group, coolant heating functional group, pressure regulator-spray valve pressure boosting functional group, cold stop system functional group, dedicated safety facility functional group, coolant system further heating functional group, charging orifice plate functional group, and control rod final adjustment functional group, so as to realize full-process modular coverage of the start-up equipment.

[0056] This embodiment divides functional groups based on the core attributes of the devices, ensuring that the devices within the group have compatible functions, consistent operating logic, and close connections, avoiding coordination conflicts and improving the synchronization and accuracy of device operation. The clear division of functional groups enables the system to quickly identify functional groups that have no logical dependencies and no resource competition, providing a prerequisite for parallel execution and effectively shortening the startup time.

[0057] In some embodiments, step S300 may include, but is not limited to, steps S310 to S330: Step S310: Set startup logic for each functional group according to the pre-execution conditions of each functional group; Step S320: Establish signal priority for each device; Step S330: Set a control algorithm for each of the devices.

[0058] In this embodiment, the prerequisite execution conditions include the necessary conditions for starting each device in the functional group. The necessary conditions include that before the device starts, all preceding devices that have logical dependencies on the device have completed all preset tasks, and the system parameters related to the device have met the standards.

[0059] In this embodiment, the activation of a functional group is designed as a controlled event subject to multiple conditions. The pre-execution conditions include both the necessary conditions for device activation and the comprehensive conditions for functional group activation. The necessary conditions for device activation are: before any device is activated, all preceding devices logically dependent on that device (such as associated devices providing auxiliary support like power, sealing, and cooling) have completed all preset tasks and output task completion confirmation signals; and system parameters directly related to the device's operation (such as pressure, flow rate, and temperature of the corresponding loop) have reached preset threshold values. The comprehensive conditions for functional group activation require, in addition to the above, two further requirements: receiving completion signals from preceding functional groups logically dependent on this functional group (i.e., the preceding functional groups have completed their corresponding stage tasks and output global completion signals); and confirming that all devices within this functional group are in normal condition (no fault alarms, successful self-tests, unobstructed control loop communication, no mechanical jamming, stable power supply, meeting the basic requirements for startup and operation).

[0060] In this embodiment, the startup logic includes, upon receiving a completion signal from a preceding functional group that has a logical dependency on the functional group, starting the functional group if it is confirmed that all devices within the functional group are in normal condition and the system parameters of the nuclear reactor meet the standards.

[0061] Specifically, the system monitors the aforementioned pre-execution conditions in real time. First, it checks whether the necessary conditions of each device are met (the preceding dependent devices are completed and the relevant system parameters meet the standards). Then, it confirms whether the comprehensive conditions of the functional group are complete (the preceding functional group has completed signal reception and all devices in the group are normal). If and only if all conditions are met, the startup logic is unlocked, and the devices in the functional group are started according to the preset timing. If any condition is not met, the startup logic remains locked, and the device remains in a ready state until all conditions are met before the startup is triggered.

[0062] In this embodiment, after clarifying the startup logic, to address potential command conflicts, the system further establishes hierarchical signal priority rules for each device. Signal priorities ensure that in emergency situations, safety commands unconditionally override routine operation commands; simultaneously, during automatic operation, the operator's right to manual intervention is preserved. Specifically, signal priorities are set from highest to lowest as follows: nuclear safety-related protection signals (highest level), manual control signals for the main control room operator (medium level), and automatic sequential control signals (low level).

[0063] In this embodiment, to achieve precision and stability in equipment operation, the system adapts a specific control algorithm to each device based on its functional group and specific task characteristics during startup. For example, a PID control algorithm is used for equipment requiring constant pressure; an expert PID control algorithm is used for conditions requiring rapid response in the initial startup phase; and a conditional control algorithm is used for simple switching actions. These algorithms, combined with the aforementioned startup logic and signal priority, constitute a complete equipment-level control scheme.

[0064] This embodiment solidifies complex engineering requirements into precise preconditions, necessary conditions, and startup logic judgments, which not only standardizes the startup process of functional groups, but also eliminates the risk of equipment misoperation caused by missing logic or substandard parameters from the source, greatly improving the safety and reliability of nuclear reactor startup control.

[0065] In some embodiments, step S320 may include, but is not limited to, steps S321 to S322: Step S321: Obtain the safety control priority requirements for the nuclear reactor; Step S322: According to the safety control priority requirements, establish the signal priority for each device. The signal priority includes nuclear safety protection signals taking precedence over manual operation signals, manual control signals taking precedence over automatic sequential control signals, and automatic sequential control signals executing according to preset logic when there are no higher priority signals.

[0066] In this embodiment, before establishing signal priorities, the system first obtains core safety control priority requirements based on the nuclear power plant's design standards, safe operation procedures, nuclear safety regulations, and equipment safety level classification documents, and then obtains and determines the nuclear reactor's safety control priority requirements. These requirements clarify the adjudication principles for conflicting control commands from different sources within the nuclear reactor control system. The core principle is to ensure the independence and priority of nuclear safety system functions under any operating condition, preventing routine actions of the automatic control system or human error from hindering the safety system's response. The system embeds these requirements into the underlying architecture of the control logic processing module as the highest criterion for signal arbitration.

[0067] Based on the aforementioned safety control priority requirements, the system establishes a strict priority hierarchy for the control command channels of each controlled device. This hierarchy divides control signals into three levels: First priority – nuclear safety protection signals, which originate directly from the reactor protection system or dedicated safety facility drive system, are directly related to the core safety objectives of the nuclear reactor, and are critical signals to ensure that no safety accidents occur during startup, thus having the highest priority; Second priority – manual operation signals, when the system is in automatic sequential control mode, if the operator determines that the current automatic program does not conform to the actual situation on site or requires human intervention (e.g., manually pausing a function group, manually adjusting valve opening), the manual signal issued by the operator will immediately override the currently executing automatic sequential control signal. This mechanism grants the operator the highest on-site handling authority (second only to the safety system), ensuring that in the event of automation logic failure or anomaly, humans can ultimately take over and control the equipment, ensuring operational safety; Third priority – automatic sequential control signals, which are the system's default execution signals. The system monitors in real time whether there is a first-priority nuclear safety protection signal or a second-priority manual operation signal. Only when the system confirms that there is no higher-priority signal will the automatic sequential control signal be output to the actuator, thereby controlling the equipment according to the predetermined startup process and algorithm (such as PID, expert PID).

[0068] This embodiment sets nuclear safety protection signals to the highest priority, ensuring that safety-related signals can be responded to immediately. This strengthens the nuclear safety defense line at the signal level, completely eliminating the risk of safety signals being preempted by lower-priority signals and significantly reducing safety hazards during startup. The secondary priority setting for manual operation signals ensures the operator's intervention authority in emergency or special conditions without affecting the absolute priority response of nuclear safety protection signals. The clear definition of the hierarchical relationship and execution rules of the three-level signal priorities ensures that the response order of different types of signals is predictable, avoiding human-machine control conflicts and chaotic signal responses, and improving the continuity and controllability of the startup process.

[0069] In some embodiments, step S330 may include, but is not limited to, step S331: Step S331: For each process stage and functional group of the equipment, select the corresponding control algorithm from the preset control algorithm library for start control. The control algorithm library includes expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm. The execution logic of the expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm includes: Obtain the current operating status information of the nuclear reactor; Based on the operating condition information, the deviations and rates of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor are obtained; Based on the magnitude of the deviation and the rate of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor, the parameter adjustment rules in the preset expert knowledge base are matched. According to the parameter adjustment rules, the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller are dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized control command.

[0070] In this embodiment, the system pre-constructs a preset control algorithm library containing various control strategies. When setting an algorithm for a specific device, the system comprehensively considers the process stage of the device and the characteristics of its functional group, and intelligently matches the most suitable control algorithm from the algorithm library. The control algorithm library includes, but is not limited to: on / off control, conditional control, classic proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, and expert proportional-integral-derivative (expert PID) control algorithms. If the process stage to which the device belongs is complex (such as the critical process stage) and the functional group's control objective is to precisely control continuous parameters (such as control rod position adjustment, precise coolant temperature rise), the expert PID control algorithm is preferred; if the process stage to which the device belongs is simple and the control logic depends on parameter threshold triggering (such as cooling valve control), the conditional control algorithm can be selected; if the device needs to smoothly control continuous parameters but the operating condition fluctuations are small (such as pressure control in the conventional pressurization stage), the conventional PID control algorithm can be selected. Through targeted selection, the algorithm is ensured to accurately match the device's control requirements.

[0071] The execution logic of the conditional control algorithm includes: Obtain the monitoring parameters of the device; The monitoring parameters are compared with preset thresholds. If the monitoring parameters exceed the preset thresholds, the corresponding function group control action is triggered.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, conditional control is a control method based on preset conditions and logical judgments. It monitors the state of specific parameters (such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, etc.) and compares them with set thresholds or conditions. When a parameter reaches or exceeds the set value, the system automatically triggers the corresponding control action to achieve automated process management.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, PID control is a classic continuous feedback control method. Its control principle is to calculate the deviation between the measured value of the controlled variable (such as the water level of a pressure regulator) and the given value in real time, and generate a continuous control output signal based on the linear combination of the proportional, integral, and derivative components of the deviation to drive the actuator for precise adjustment.

[0074] PID control mainly consists of the controlled object and the controller. The control principle is based on the control deviation between the given value of the controlled variable and the actual measured output value. ; Where e(t) is the deviation, r(t) is the given value, and y(t) is the actual measured output value.

[0075] By linearly combining proportional, integral, and derivative equations, a control variable is formed. This variable is then calculated according to a predetermined control law, and a control signal is issued to the controlled object. The mathematical expression of the control law is: ; Among them, K p For the proportional gain of the PID controller, The integral time constant of the PID controller, This is the derivative time constant of the PID controller.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, expert PID control is an intelligent control strategy that combines traditional PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control with expert systems. Its core idea is to dynamically adjust PID parameters to achieve better control performance by leveraging expert experience and knowledge, without requiring precise mathematical modeling. By monitoring the system status in real time and dynamically adjusting the PID controller parameters according to rules designed based on expert experience, good control performance can be ensured under different operating conditions.

[0077] The key to expert-based PID lies in utilizing expert experience modules to optimize and adjust the proportional, integral, and derivative parameters of the PID controller based on key system parameters such as deviation and its rate of change. Compared to traditional PID, expert PID can better adapt to the nonlinearity and dynamic changes of complex systems, improving the flexibility and adaptability of control.

[0078] By collecting the experience and knowledge of domain experts, a knowledge base is built, and control strategies and parameter adjustment rules are established for different operating conditions. The system monitors key parameters (such as deviation and rate of change of deviation) in the control process in real time and matches them with the rules in the knowledge base. Based on the matching results, the expert system automatically adjusts the parameters of the PID controller to adapt to the current operating conditions, thereby improving control accuracy and robustness. This flexibility of expert PID makes it particularly suitable for the control needs of complex industrial systems.

[0079] When an expert proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is configured for a key piece of equipment (such as a pressurizer electric heater or control rod drive mechanism), the system first acquires real-time operating condition information reflecting the current state of the nuclear reactor through the data acquisition module during each sampling cycle of control. This information includes, but is not limited to, real-time measured values ​​of the controlled parameters (such as the current pressurizer water level and primary loop average temperature), setpoints, and related process variables. The system processes the acquired operating condition information in real time, calculating the deviation and rate of change of each operating parameter. The deviation is the difference between the setpoint and the actual measured value of the controlled parameter. It reflects the degree to which the current control deviates from the target. The rate of change of deviation is the rate of change of the deviation over time (first derivative). It reflects the trend and speed of the system deviation change and can predict the future direction of the system.

[0080] Based on the magnitude of the deviation and the rate of change of the deviation, the system matches the parameter adjustment rules in a pre-set expert knowledge base. A pre-set expert knowledge base is constructed by integrating the experience and knowledge of experts in the field of nuclear reactor control. The core of this knowledge base is the mapping relationship between the deviation and the rate of change of the deviation and the PID parameter adjustment rules. Finally, the system uses these real-time optimized and adjusted PID parameters to calculate the final control quantity according to the classic PID control law, generates optimized control commands, and drives the equipment to perform corresponding operations. For example, for the spray valve RCV0104A, the PID parameters are set, where P is 0.05 and I is 0.01. The opening of the spray valve is adjusted according to the heating rate. When the heating rate is greater than 30℃ / h and the control rate does not match the expectation, the PID P value is changed to 0.1 and the I value to 0.05 to enhance the sensitivity of the control system and increase the frequency of valve opening and closing. When the system detects that the heating rate is above 30℃ / h, it intervenes more quickly to control the valve opening and limit the heating rate to within 30℃ / h. The back pressure control valve V02314, with I set to 0.08 and P to 0.15 according to operational requirements, controls the pressure regulator to fluctuate around 2.96 MPa. In practice, if the pressure fluctuation deviation of the valve-controlled pressure regulator is found to be too large, P can be set to 0.5 and I to 0.1 based on data from the expert database to increase the calculation speed of the PID program and adjust the valve opening more quickly, reducing the deviation to the specified operating pressure.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the expert PID control algorithm is combined with a parameter scheduling method based on fuzzy inference to perform online correction of the PID control parameters, so as to achieve smooth changes in the control parameters.

[0082] The fuzzy inference uses the system control deviation E and the rate of change of deviation EC as inputs, and performs fuzzification processing on E and EC respectively. The fuzzy linguistic variables are divided into seven levels, including NB (negative large), NM (negative medium), NS (negative small), Z (zero), PS (positive small), PM (positive medium), and PB (positive large). The adjustment direction and adjustment magnitude of the PID control parameters are also represented by corresponding fuzzy linguistic variables.

[0083] By constructing a two-dimensional fuzzy rule base with the magnitude and trend of deviation as input and the adjustment of PID parameters as output, the correspondence between deviation state and control parameter adjustment is established, thereby realizing adaptive scheduling of PID parameters.

[0084] In the specific control process, when the control deviation is in a large range and the rate of change of the deviation indicates that the system deviation has not yet been effectively converged, the proportional regulation action should be appropriately increased to improve the system response speed; when the deviation gradually decreases and the trend of change tends to be stable, the proportional regulation intensity should be reduced and the integral regulation action should be enhanced to reduce the steady-state deviation; when the rate of change of the deviation is large, the control process should be constrained by weakening the control action intensity, thereby reducing the risk of overshoot or oscillation.

[0085] The results obtained from fuzzy inference are used as correction values ​​for online tuning of PID parameters. The original PID parameters are continuously adjusted instead of being directly replaced, thereby ensuring the continuity of parameter changes and the stability of system operation, and avoiding control instability during stage switching or changes in operating conditions.

[0086] The expert PID control method assisted by the above-mentioned fuzzy rules makes the adjustment process of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, water level and reactivity during reactor start-up more stable, and effectively improves the robustness and operational safety margin of the sequential control process.

[0087] Table 1. Schematic diagram of fuzzy PID parameter adjustment rules (example)

[0088] It should be noted that the above fuzzy rule table is only an illustrative example used to illustrate the relationship between deviation and deviation change trend and PID parameter adjustment direction; in specific applications, the number of rules, rule content and fuzzy classification level can be adjusted according to reactor type, operation stage and characteristics of controlled object, but all should fall within the scope of the control concept of this invention.

[0089] This embodiment constructs a control algorithm library and selects an appropriate algorithm based on the core requirements of the process stage and functional group to which the equipment belongs, ensuring that the algorithm accurately matches the equipment control requirements and improving the targeting of control. By matching expert rules through the dual dimensions of deviation and deviation change rate, dynamic optimization of PID parameters is achieved, which not only ensures control accuracy but also allows for rapid adaptation to changes in operating conditions, taking into account both the stability and flexibility of control.

[0090] In some embodiments, step S400 may include, but is not limited to, steps S410 to S430: Step S410: Based on the startup logic and the signal priority, at least two functional groups are obtained, and all devices in each functional group have no logical dependency or resource competition with all devices in other functional groups in the at least two functional groups; Step S420: Perform parallel control on the functional groups of the at least two functional groups; Step S430: The startup order of the other functional groups among the plurality of functional groups, excluding the at least two functional groups, is controlled according to the startup logic and the signal priority.

[0091] In this embodiment, an intelligent parallel scheduling mechanism is introduced to significantly shorten startup time by executing multiple tasks in parallel, while ensuring safety. First, based on a preset process flow diagram and functional group definitions, the system analyzes the logical dependencies between all functional groups that have met their prerequisite execution conditions. Logical dependency means that the execution result of one functional group (A) is a necessary input or prerequisite for the startup of another functional group (B). If such a relationship exists between A and B, B can only start after A has successfully completed. The system also analyzes the demand of these ready functional groups for physical equipment resources (such as specific pumps, valves, and heaters) and system common resources (such as cooling water capacity and power load margin). If two functional groups need to operate on or occupy the same critical resource, they compete for resources and cannot execute simultaneously. Based on the above analysis, the system identifies and acquires at least two functional groups that meet the following key conditions: there is no logical dependency or competition for the same critical resource between all equipment within the group and all equipment within other acquired functional groups. These functional groups constitute a set of independent tasks that can be safely executed in parallel.

[0092] In this embodiment, for the selected functional groups that meet the parallel processing conditions, the system synchronously issues start commands to the logic processing units of these functional groups. Each functional group, within its own structure, still strictly adheres to its own start logic (such as the logical order between devices) and signal priority rules set for each device, operating independently. A central coordinator or a distributed state machine can be used to monitor the real-time status of all parallel-executing functional groups. If any functional group fails to execute or receives a high-priority interrupt signal (such as a safety protection signal), the system can decide, according to a preset strategy, whether to only suspend the failed group or affect the entire parallel set.

[0093] In this embodiment, for the remaining functional groups in the system that do not meet the parallel conditions (i.e., functional groups with logical dependencies or resource contention), the system still uses startup logic and signal priority as the core basis to formulate a clear startup order. During scheduling and execution, the signal priority criterion remains effective throughout. If any functional group or its internal device receives a higher-priority signal (such as operator manual intervention or safety protection actions) during execution, it will immediately respond according to the priority rules to ensure that safety and personnel control take precedence.

[0094] This embodiment breaks free from the constraints of traditional linear sequential execution by accurately identifying functional groups with no logical dependencies and resource competition and executing them in parallel, reducing meaningless waiting time and significantly shortening the total startup time of nuclear reactors. It is especially suitable for startup phases containing multiple independent functional groups.

[0095] This application's embodiments achieve automation, standardization, and optimization of the nuclear reactor startup process by constructing a hierarchical, grouped automated control architecture and introducing strict priority criteria and parallel task execution mechanisms. By replacing error-prone manual operations with standardized automated processes and establishing the principle of absolute priority for nuclear safety signals, the risk of human error is fundamentally eliminated, significantly improving the system's safety margin and operational reliability. At the same time, the parallel execution mechanism breaks the constraints of traditional linear processes, combining intelligent algorithms such as expert PID to optimize control parameters, avoiding unnecessary adjustment waiting, effectively shortening startup time and improving control accuracy, thus achieving substantial progress in safety, efficiency, and reliability.

[0096] Please see Figure 5 This application also provides a nuclear reactor start-up sequence control system, including a system-level control module, a function group management module, a data acquisition module, a control logic processing module, a controller output execution module, and a sequential control execution module connected in sequence. System-level control module: used to manage the reactor startup process into multiple preset ordered process stages, including the first stage of heating and pressurization, the stage of pressurization and gas chamber construction, the second stage of heating after the gas chamber is established, the criticality stage, and the power operation stage; Function Group Management Module: This module is used to decompose the control tasks of each stage into multiple function groups, including the initial cold stop function group, the charging and main pump shaft seal water function group, the main coolant system function group, the main pump start function, the control rod operation function group, the coolant heating function group, the pressurizer-spray valve pressurization function group, the cold stop system function group, the dedicated safety facility function group, the coolant system further heating function group, the charging orifice plate function group, and the control rod final adjustment function group. Data acquisition module: used to acquire real-time operating parameters at each stage of reactor startup, including but not limited to equipment status signals, temperature rise rate, in-core pressure, reactor cycle, secondary loop load, neutron counter signal, main pump shaft seal water flow rate, pressurizer water level, spray valve opening, electric heater power, heat exchanger outlet flow rate, control rod position, steam flow rate, primary loop temperature, and steam pressure. Control logic processing module: It is used to process and analyze the collected data according to the preset sequential control method, and select and execute the corresponding PID control, conditional control, and expert PID control algorithms according to the current startup stage and real-time parameters. Output execution module: Connected to the control logic processing module, it is used to send control signals to various devices in the reactor according to the instructions of the control logic processing module; Sequential control execution module: used to schedule and execute the control signals according to the settings, logic and criteria of each module.

[0097] Please see Figure 6 This application also provides a nuclear reactor start-up sequence control device 600, which can implement the above-described nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method. The device includes: The first division module 10 is used to divide the startup process of the nuclear reactor into multiple process stages; The second partitioning module 20 is used to divide the equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage. The determination module 30 is used to determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group; The control module 40 is used to control the startup of the nuclear reactor equipment in response to the startup command of the nuclear reactor, according to the startup logic and signal priority of each of the equipment.

[0098] In some implementations, the first partitioning module 10 may include: The first acquisition submodule is used to acquire the thermo-hydraulic characteristic parameters of the nuclear reactor startup. The first division submodule is used to divide the process stage into the first stage of heating and pressurization, the stage of pressurization and gas chamber construction, the second stage of heating after the gas chamber is established, the critical process stage, and the power operation stage according to the thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters.

[0099] In some implementations, the second partitioning module 20 may include: The second partitioning submodule is used to divide the multiple devices into multiple functional groups for each process stage control task based on at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task.

[0100] In some implementations, the second partitioning submodule may include: The first division unit is used to divide devices that perform the same or complementary functions in the control task into a functional group; The second division unit is used to divide the devices that work together in the control task according to a preset operation sequence into a functional group; The third partitioning unit is used to divide devices that are directly connected or coupled in the physical system or control loop of the nuclear reactor into a functional group.

[0101] In some implementations, the determining module 30 may include: The first setting submodule is used to set the startup logic for each functional group according to the pre-execution conditions of each functional group. The second setting submodule is used to establish signal priority for each of the devices; The third setting submodule is used to set the control algorithm for each of the devices.

[0102] In some implementations, the prerequisite execution conditions include necessary conditions for starting each device in the functional group. These necessary conditions include that before the device starts, all preceding devices that have logical dependencies on the device have completed all preset tasks, and all system parameters related to the device meet the standards.

[0103] In some implementations, the first setting submodule may include: The first setting unit is configured to set startup logic for each of the functional groups according to the pre-execution conditions. The startup logic includes, upon receiving a completion signal from a preceding functional group that has a logical dependency on the functional group, starting the functional group if it is confirmed that all devices in the functional group are in normal condition and the system parameters of the nuclear reactor meet the standards.

[0104] In some implementations, the second setting submodule may include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the safety control priority requirements of the nuclear reactor; The second setting unit is used to establish the signal priority for each device according to the safety control priority requirements. The signal priority includes nuclear safety protection signals taking precedence over manual operation signals, manual control signals taking precedence over automatic sequential control signals, and automatic sequential control signals executing according to preset logic when there are no higher priority signals.

[0105] In some implementations, the third setting submodule may include: The selection unit is used to select a corresponding control algorithm from a preset control algorithm library for start-up control for each process stage and functional group of the equipment. The control algorithm library includes expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithms. The execution logic of the expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm includes: Obtain the current operating status information of the nuclear reactor; Based on the operating condition information, the deviations and rates of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor are obtained; Based on the magnitude of the deviation and the rate of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor, the parameter adjustment rules in the preset expert knowledge base are matched. According to the parameter adjustment rules, the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller are dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized control command.

[0106] In some implementations, the control module 40 may include: The second acquisition submodule is used to acquire at least two functional groups based on the startup logic and the signal priority, wherein all devices in each functional group have no logical dependency or resource competition with all devices in other functional groups in the at least two functional groups. The first control submodule is used to perform parallel control of the functional groups in the at least two functional groups; The second control submodule is used to control the startup order of the other functional groups among the plurality of functional groups, excluding the at least two functional groups, according to the startup logic and the signal priority.

[0107] The specific implementation of the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control device is basically the same as the specific implementation of the nuclear reactor start-up sequence control method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] The nuclear reactor startup sequence control method and device provided in this application divide the complex startup process into multiple ordered process stages at the system level. Then, for each stage's objective, the numerous devices involved are aggregated into multiple independently executable functional groups based on their functions, logic, and connections. Next, signal priorities and startup logic are defined for each functional group and its internal devices. Upon receiving a startup command, the system can intelligently schedule and control the startup of each device according to the aforementioned logic and priority criteria. This application, by establishing priority criteria and standardized automated processes, ensures the absolute priority of nuclear safety signals and eliminates the risk of human error, thereby significantly improving the system's safety margin and operational reliability. Simultaneously, it supports parallel task execution based on logical dependencies, breaking free from the constraints of traditional linear processes, greatly shortening startup time, and ultimately achieving global automation, standardization, and optimization of the reactor startup process.

[0109] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0111] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0112] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0113] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0114] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0115] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0116] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0117] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0118] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing programs, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0119] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the startup sequence of a nuclear reactor, characterized in that, The method includes: The startup process of a nuclear reactor is divided into multiple technological stages; The equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage. Determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group; In response to the start-up command of the nuclear reactor, the reactor equipment is controlled to start up according to the start-up logic and signal priority of each device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The startup process of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple technological stages, including: Obtain the thermo-hydraulic characteristic parameters for the startup of the nuclear reactor; Based on the aforementioned thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters, the process stages are divided into the first stage of heating and pressurization, the stage of pressurization and gas chamber construction, the second stage of heating after the gas chamber is established, the critical process stage, and the power operation stage.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equipment participating in the startup of the nuclear reactor is divided into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage, including: For each process stage control task, the multiple devices are divided into multiple functional groups based on at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of dividing the multiple devices into multiple functional groups based on at least one of the device functions, device operation logic, and connection relationships between the multiple devices involved in the control task includes: Devices that perform the same or complementary functions in the control task are grouped into a functional group; And / or, The devices that work together in the control task according to a preset operation sequence are divided into a functional group; And / or, Devices that are directly connected or coupled in the physical system or control loop of the nuclear reactor are grouped into a functional group.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group includes: Based on the pre-execution conditions of each functional group, set the startup logic for each functional group; Establish signal priorities for each of the aforementioned devices; A control algorithm is set for each of the aforementioned devices.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The prerequisite execution conditions include the necessary conditions for starting each device in the functional group. The necessary conditions include that before the device starts, all preceding devices that have logical dependencies on the device have completed all preset tasks, and the system parameters related to the device meet the standards.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of setting startup logic for each functional group based on the pre-execution conditions of each functional group includes: Based on the aforementioned prerequisite execution conditions, a startup logic is set for each functional group. The startup logic includes, upon receiving a completion signal from a preceding functional group that has a logical dependency on the functional group, and confirming that all devices within the functional group are in normal condition and that the system parameters of the nuclear reactor meet the standards, starting the functional group.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of establishing signal priority for each of the devices includes: Obtain the safety control priority requirements for the nuclear reactor; According to the safety control priority requirements, a signal priority is established for each device. The signal priority includes nuclear safety protection signals taking precedence over manual operation signals, manual control signals taking precedence over automatic sequential control signals, and automatic sequential control signals executing according to preset logic when there are no higher priority signals.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of setting a control algorithm for each of the devices includes: For each process stage and functional group of the equipment, a corresponding control algorithm is selected from a preset control algorithm library for startup control. The control algorithm library includes expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithms. The execution logic of the expert proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm includes: Obtain the current operating status information of the nuclear reactor; Based on the operating condition information, the deviations and rates of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor are obtained; Based on the magnitude of the deviation and the rate of change of each operating parameter in the nuclear reactor, the parameter adjustment rules in the preset expert knowledge base are matched. According to the parameter adjustment rules, the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller are dynamically adjusted to obtain the optimized control command.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the startup of the nuclear reactor equipment according to the startup logic and signal priority of each device includes: Based on the startup logic and the signal priority, at least two functional groups are obtained, and all devices in each functional group have no logical dependency or resource competition with all devices in other functional groups in the at least two functional groups. Parallel control is performed on the functional groups of the at least two functional groups; The startup order of the other functional groups among the plurality of functional groups, excluding the at least two functional groups, is controlled according to the startup logic and the signal priority.

11. A nuclear reactor start-up sequence control device, characterized in that, The device includes: The first partitioning module is used to divide the nuclear reactor startup process into multiple process stages; The second partitioning module is used to divide the equipment involved in the startup of the nuclear reactor into multiple functional groups according to the control tasks of each process stage. A determination module is used to determine the startup logic and signal priority of the devices within each functional group; The control module is used to respond to the start-up command of the nuclear reactor and control the start-up of the nuclear reactor equipment according to the start-up logic and signal priority of each device.

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