Urban dense calendar and conservation building group underground storey-adding top-down soil taking equipment and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides underground storey-adding top-down soil taking equipment for an urban dense calendar and conservation building group and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering.The underground storey-adding top-down soil taking equipment is characterized in that an earthwork hoisting opening is formed in the underground storey-adding top-down soil taking equipment, latticed columns are constructed at the earthwork hoisting opening of a soil taking floor, and vertical rails are fixedly installed at the latticed columns; a top bracket is fixedly arranged at the top of the vertical rail; the vertical rail is of an extensible splicing structure in the length direction, and the length of the vertical rail is adjusted according to the construction height of an earth excavation layer; the lifting frame is arranged on the vertical rail in a sliding mode in the vertical direction, and a soil taking hopper used for containing earthwork is installed on the vertical rail; the lifting driving mechanism is fixedly installed on the top support and used for driving the lifting frame to move up and down along the vertical rail so that earthwork can be lifted to the position above a soil taking floor from an earthwork excavation layer; the problem of construction in a narrow space is effectively solved, damage to historical buildings is avoided, flying dust pollution is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building engineering technology, specifically the equipment and construction method for reverse soil extraction for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas. Background Technology

[0002] In deep foundation pit engineering practice, vertical earthmoving operations commonly employ a combination of gantry cranes and grab buckets. After the earth is lifted to the ground, it needs to be horizontally transferred via the gantry crane's track system before being loaded onto transport vehicles. However, this method has significant shortcomings in construction efficiency, posing a severe challenge, especially in urban redevelopment projects involving densely packed historical building complexes.

[0003] Such projects have very limited construction sites, and the outdoor space is not large enough to accommodate the deployment of large equipment. If the equipment is moved indoors for operation, the large size of the soil grab bucket during horizontal transport makes it very easy for it to collide with the exterior walls of historical buildings, causing irreversible structural damage.

[0004] Meanwhile, traditional methods lack effective containment measures during earthwork transportation, leading to the widespread dissemination of dust. This not only affects the living environment of surrounding residents but may also cause corrosive damage to the historical buildings themselves. Currently, there is no comprehensive solution in the technological system that can simultaneously protect the structural integrity of historical buildings, adapt to confined spaces, ensure the continuity of earthwork transportation, and control dust pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a soil extraction equipment and construction method for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, which effectively solves the problem of construction in confined spaces.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, comprising: The soil extraction floor has a soil hoisting opening. A lattice column is constructed at the soil hoisting opening of the soil extraction floor. The fixed vertical rail is fixedly installed at the lattice column, and a top bracket is fixedly installed at the top of the vertical rail. The vertical rail is an extendable assembly structure in the length direction, and the length of the vertical rail is adjusted according to the construction height of the soil excavation layer. The lifting frame is slidably mounted on a vertical rail along the vertical direction, and the vertical rail is equipped with a soil hopper for holding excavated soil. The lifting drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the top bracket and is used to drive the lifting frame to move up and down along the vertical rail to lift the soil from the excavation layer to the top of the borrow pit layer. A horizontal conveying mechanism, which is installed on the soil extraction floor and extends horizontally from the building window, is used to horizontally transport the soil hoisted in the soil extraction hopper to the soil transport vehicle. The dust suppression spraying mechanism, mounted on a top support and located directly above the horizontal conveying mechanism, is used to suppress dust during the horizontal transport of earthwork.

[0007] Preferably, the lifting frame includes a support body, and each of the four corners of the support body is provided with a limiting guide wheel that slides with the inner side of the vertical rail. The upper end of the support body is rotatably provided with two sets of wire guide wheels that cooperate with the lifting drive mechanism. The lower end of the support body is fixedly provided with two sets of side mounting plates. The soil hopper is rotatably installed between the two sets of side mounting plates, and a rotary motor for driving the soil hopper to rotate is fixedly provided on one of the side mounting plates.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting drive mechanism includes a wire wheel rotatably mounted on a top bracket, and a lifting motor for driving the wire wheel to rotate is fixedly mounted on the top bracket; a lifting wire is connected to the wire wheel, one end of the lifting wire passes through two sets of wire guide wheels and is fixedly connected to the top bracket, and the other end of the lifting wire is fixedly connected to a counterweight slider; a counterweight rail is fixedly provided on the side end of the vertical rail, and the counterweight slider is slidably connected to the counterweight rail along the vertical direction.

[0009] Preferably, the spray dust suppression mechanism includes a spray water tank fixedly installed on the upper end of the top support. The spray water tank is connected to an external water source through a water pump. Multiple spray pipes are connected to the spray water tank, and several atomizing nozzles are installed on the spray pipes.

[0010] Preferably, the soil extraction hopper includes a hopper bin for holding soil, and hopper shafts are fixedly installed on both sides of the hopper bin. One set of hopper shafts is rotatably installed on a side mounting plate, and the other set of hopper shafts is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a rotary motor. Limiting brackets are fixedly installed on both side walls of the hopper bin where the hopper shafts are not installed, and U-shaped sliding plates are slidably connected through the limiting brackets. When the hopper is located at the earthwork excavation layer and is being filled with earth, the hopper is rotated to an inclined position by a rotary motor, which makes it easier for the excavator to fill the earthwork into the hopper. At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates on both sides slide upwards to form a feeding chute, allowing the earthwork to be poured into the hopper. When the hopper is located at the soil extraction floor and dumps soil, a rotary motor drives the hopper to rotate and tilt to dump the soil. At this time, the U-shaped slide plates on both sides slide upwards simultaneously. The lower U-shaped slide plate forms a chute for dumping soil, allowing the soil to fall completely into the horizontal conveying mechanism. The upper U-shaped slide plate forms a chute cover plate during dumping, preventing the soil from generating a large amount of dust during dumping. This, together with the spray dust suppression system above the horizontal conveying mechanism, reduces the dust concentration at the construction site.

[0011] Preferably, the hopper bin has a transmission mechanism and a rotating shaft mounted on both sides of the hopper shaft. A drive gear is fixedly mounted on the shaft. A transmission rack that meshes with the drive gear is fixedly mounted on the side end of the U-shaped slide plate. The transmission mechanism is used to drive another set of U-shaped slide plates to slide along the limiting bracket. Two sets of belt drive components are fixedly mounted on the hopper shaft. One set of belt drive components is connected to the shaft, and the other set of belt drive components is connected to the transmission mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a second shaft and a third shaft rotatably mounted on the side wall of the hopper. The second shaft is connected to the hopper shaft via a belt drive, and a driving gear is fixedly mounted on the second shaft. A driven gear is fixedly mounted on the third shaft, and the driven gear meshes with the third shaft and a transmission rack mounted on the adjacent U-shaped slide plate. When the hopper shaft rotates under the drive of the rotary motor, it synchronously drives shaft one and shaft two to rotate through two sets of belt drive components. Shaft two drives the driven gear to rotate through gear transmission, thereby driving the U-shaped slide plates on both sides to rotate synchronously under the transmission action of the gear rack. Shaft one is located on the side of the U-shaped slide plate closer to the bottom when the hopper rotates. The extension speed and length of the U-shaped slide plates on both sides are adjusted by the gear ratio between the driving gear and the driven gear, so that the two sets of U-shaped slide plates can achieve different functions.

[0013] Preferably, the lower end of the hopper is an open structure, and a digging mechanism is provided at the lower opening of the hopper. The digging mechanism includes two sets of digging shafts rotatably installed at the lower end of the hopper bin. The side wall of the hopper bin is fixedly equipped with a digging motor for driving the two sets of digging shafts to rotate in opposite directions. A digging bucket is fixedly connected to the digging shaft through a shaft connecting plate. After the hopper moves downward to the earthwork excavation layer, the excavator motor synchronously drives the two sets of excavating shafts to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of excavating buckets to open outward. Then the hopper continues to move downward, causing the excavating buckets to insert into the earthwork piled on the earthwork excavation layer. Subsequently, the excavator motor synchronously drives the two sets of excavating shafts to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of excavating buckets to close inward, gathering the earthwork into the hopper.

[0014] Preferred: The horizontal conveying mechanism includes a conveyor frame fixedly installed on the soil extraction floor. Conveying rollers are rotatably installed at both ends of the conveyor frame. A conveyor motor for driving the conveying rollers to rotate is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor frame. A conveyor belt for transporting earthwork is connected between the two sets of conveying rollers. A support plate is fixedly installed on the upper part of the conveyor frame. The support plate is located on the lower surface of the upper conveyor belt. A V-shaped groove is provided at the upper end of the support plate. The V-shaped groove causes the soil to move towards the middle on the conveyor belt, preventing the soil from falling off during transportation.

[0015] A method for constructing underground additional floors and excavating soil in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, using the aforementioned equipment for underground additional floors and excavating soil in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, includes the following steps: Step 1: After completing the structural reinforcement, the construction structure is reversed, and the excavator enters the building to start digging downwards; Step 2: First, construct the pile foundation grid columns according to the reserved opening positions, and then carry out the floor slab construction; Step 3: Install vertical rails and a horizontal conveying mechanism at the soil hoisting opening on the soil extraction floor. Step 4: The excavator transports the soil at the elevation of the excavated layer to the lower part of the soil hoisting opening; Step 5: The soil is loaded into the soil hopper and transported to the top floor of the soil extraction building. The soil is then rotated and dumped onto the horizontal conveyor mechanism, which extends from the building window and directly into the soil transport vehicle. Step Six: During earthwork excavation and floor slab construction, an earthwork hoisting opening is left, and the length of the vertical rail is extended to repeat the earthwork extraction for the next floor construction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the synergistic action of the vertical rail, lifting frame, lifting drive mechanism, horizontal conveying mechanism and spray dust suppression mechanism, the soil is hoisted from the excavation layer to the soil extraction layer and transported horizontally, while reducing space occupation and dust, effectively solving the problem of construction in a narrow space, avoiding damage to historical buildings, reducing dust pollution, and improving construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the horizontal conveying mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal conveying mechanism of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the soil hopper of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the soil extraction hopper of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 7 Front view structural diagram; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, excavation layer; 200, borrow pit floor; 201, lattice column; 1, vertical rail; 2, top support; 3, counterweight rail; 4, lifting drive mechanism; 41, lifting motor; 42, wire wheel; 43, lifting wire; 44, counterweight slider; 5, dust suppression spraying mechanism; 51, spray water tank; 52, spray pipe; 53, atomizing nozzle; 6, horizontal conveying mechanism; 61, conveyor frame; 62, conveyor roller; 63, conveyor motor; 64, conveyor belt; 65, support plate; 651, V-groove; 7, lifting frame; 71, support... Frame body; 72. Limiting guide wheel; 73. Wire guide wheel; 74. Side mounting plate; 75. Rotary motor; 8. Soil hopper; 81. Hopper bin; 82. Limiting bracket; 83. U-shaped sliding plate; 831. Transmission rack; 84. Hopper shaft; 85. Belt drive component; 86. Shaft one; 87. Drive gear; 88. Transmission mechanism; 881. Shaft two; 882. Drive gear; 883. Shaft three; 884. Driven gear; 89. Excavation mechanism; 891. Excavation motor; 892. Excavation shaft; 893. Shaft connecting plate; 894. Excavator bucket. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-9 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a reverse-construction soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas. The device includes a vertical rail 1, a lifting frame 7, a lifting drive mechanism 4, a horizontal conveying mechanism 6, and a spray dust suppression mechanism 5. A soil extraction floor 200 is provided, with a soil hoisting opening. A lattice column 201 is constructed at the soil hoisting opening of the soil extraction floor 200. The fixedly installed vertical rail 1 is fixedly installed at the lattice column 201, and a top support 2 is fixedly installed at the top of the vertical rail 1. The vertical rail 1 has an extendable assembly structure along its length, and its length is adjusted according to the construction height of the excavation layer 100. The lifting frame 7 is slidably mounted on the vertical rail 1 along the vertical direction and is equipped with a soil hopper 8 for holding the excavated soil. The lifting drive mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the top support 2 and is used to drive the lifting frame 7 to move up and down along the vertical rail 1, thereby lifting the soil from the excavation layer 100 to the soil extraction floor 200. A horizontal conveying mechanism 6 is installed on the soil extraction floor 200 and extends horizontally from the building window. It is used to horizontally transport the soil hoisted in the soil extraction hopper 8 to the soil transport vehicle. A dust suppression spraying mechanism 5 is installed on the top support 2 and located directly above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6. It is used to spray dust during the horizontal transportation of soil.

[0022] Specifically, pile foundations are constructed downwards from the soil extraction floor 200, and lattice columns 201 are inserted, extending beyond the soil extraction floor 200. Then, vertical rails 1 are installed on the lattice columns 201. As the excavation depth increases, the vertical rails 1 are lengthened. At the same time, a horizontal stabilizing structure is added to each floor to fix the lattice columns 201 to the excavated soil layer 100 that has been completed and reached the required strength.

[0023] The reverse-construction soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in this embodiment utilizes the extendable assembly structure of the vertical rail 1 to adapt to different construction depths and reduce the space occupied by the equipment. The lifting frame 7 and the soil hopper 8 achieve efficient vertical soil transfer, avoiding damage to the exterior walls of historical buildings. The horizontal conveying mechanism 6 directly transports soil from building windows to transport vehicles, forming a continuous work process and improving construction efficiency. The spray dust suppression mechanism 5 suppresses dust during the horizontal transport of soil, effectively controlling dust pollution and meeting green construction requirements.

[0024] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a lifting frame is proposed to support the soil hopper and enable its lifting and moving. However, in its implementation, the lifting frame may lack sufficient stability and guiding mechanism, causing the soil hopper to sway or be inaccurately positioned during lifting and moving, which affects the efficiency and safety of earthwork hoisting.

[0025] This application further proposes the following; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-2 As shown, the lifting frame 7 includes a support body 71. Each of the four corners of the support body 71 is provided with a limiting guide wheel 72 that slides with the inner side of the vertical rail 1. The upper end of the support body 71 is rotatably provided with two sets of wire guide wheels 73 that cooperate with the lifting drive mechanism 4. The lower end of the support body 71 is fixedly provided with two sets of side mounting plates 74. The soil hopper 8 is rotatably installed between the two sets of side mounting plates 74, and a rotary motor 75 for driving the soil hopper 8 to rotate is fixedly provided on one of the side mounting plates 74.

[0026] Through the above technical solutions, the structure of the lifting frame 7 has been significantly optimized. The support body 71, as a stable load-bearing frame, provides a solid foundation for the entire lifting frame 7. The limiting guide wheels 72 located at the four corners of the support body 71 closely cooperate with the inner side of the vertical rail 1, effectively eliminating lateral swaying of the lifting frame 7 during lifting and lowering, ensuring that the soil hopper 8 moves smoothly and accurately along the predetermined path, greatly improving the stability of the hoisting. Simultaneously, the two sets of rotating steel wire guide wheels 73 at the upper end work in conjunction with the lifting drive mechanism 4 to ensure smooth operation of the lifting steel wire and effective force transmission, further guaranteeing the reliability of the lifting process. Furthermore, the two sets of fixed side mounting plates 74 at the lower end provide stable mounting points for the soil hopper 8, while the rotary motor 75 fixed on one of the side mounting plates 74 can precisely drive the soil hopper 8 to tilt or flip, realizing the automation and precision of soil loading and dumping. This not only avoids the errors and safety hazards that may be caused by manual operation, but also significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of earthwork hoisting and transportation. It effectively solves the problems of shaking and inaccurate positioning that may occur during the lifting and lowering of the lifting frame, thereby ensuring the continuity, efficiency and safety of earthwork transportation in the underground layer addition and reverse construction of densely built historical buildings in the urban area.

[0027] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a lifting drive mechanism is proposed to drive the lifting frame to move up and down along the vertical rail to realize the hoisting of earth. However, in the process of its implementation, due to the change in the weight of the earth and the fluctuation of the load on the lifting frame, the drive may be unstable, energy consumption may increase or the equipment may shake, affecting construction efficiency and safety. It is urgent to optimize the drive mechanism to improve balance and reliability.

[0028] In response, this application further proposes a reverse-operation soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated urban historical building complexes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1-2 As shown, the lifting drive mechanism 4 includes a wire wheel 42 rotatably mounted on the top bracket 2, and a lifting motor 41 for driving the wire wheel 42 to rotate is fixedly mounted on the top bracket 2; a lifting wire 43 is connected to the wire wheel 42, one end of the lifting wire 43 passes through two sets of wire guide wheels 73 and is fixedly connected to the top bracket 2, and the other end of the lifting wire 43 is fixedly connected to a counterweight slider 44. A counterweight vertical rail 3 is fixedly provided on the side end of the vertical rail 1, and the counterweight slider 44 is slidably connected to the counterweight vertical rail 3 along the vertical direction.

[0029] By introducing a counterweight balancing mechanism, this application effectively solves the problems of drive instability, increased energy consumption, and equipment swaying caused by changes in the weight of the excavated soil and fluctuations in the load of the lifting frame during the lifting drive process. Specifically, the lifting motor 41 drives the wire wheel 42 to rotate, which in turn moves the lifting wire 43. One end of the lifting wire 43 passes through the wire guide wheel 73 on the lifting frame 7 and is fixed to the top support 2, while the other end is connected to the counterweight slider 44. When the lifting frame 7 carries the excavated soil upward, the counterweight slider 44 descends, and its weight offsets part of the weight of the excavated soil and the lifting frame 7, thereby significantly reducing the actual working load of the lifting motor 41. Conversely, when the lifting frame 7 descends, the counterweight slider 44 rises, and its weight assists in the descent process, further balancing the system. This design ensures that the lifting drive mechanism 4 maintains a relatively stable load throughout the entire lifting process, thereby reducing motor energy consumption and extending equipment life. Meanwhile, the stable sliding of the counterweight slider 44 on the counterweight vertical rail 3 effectively suppresses the swaying of the lifting frame 7 during the lifting process, ensuring the stability and safety of earthwork hoisting, and significantly improving construction efficiency and reliability.

[0030] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a spray dust suppression mechanism is proposed to control dust pollution during the horizontal transportation of earthwork. However, in its implementation, the spray dust suppression mechanism may lack an efficient water supply mechanism and uniform spray coverage, resulting in insufficient dust suppression effect and failure to meet the environmental protection requirements of green construction.

[0031] In this regard, this application further proposes the specific structure of the spray dust suppression mechanism 5, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-2 As shown, the dust suppression spray mechanism 5 includes a spray water tank 51 fixedly installed on the upper end of the top support 2. The spray water tank 51 is connected to an external water source through a water pump. Multiple spray pipes 52 are connected to the spray water tank 51, and several atomizing nozzles 53 are provided on the spray pipes 52.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, the spray water tank 51 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the top support 2, ensuring the stability and positional stability of the spray dust suppression mechanism 5 during equipment operation, and avoiding adverse effects on the dust suppression effect due to equipment vibration or displacement. The spray water tank 51 is connected to an external water source via a water pump, achieving a continuous and stable supply of water for dust suppression, effectively solving the problem of insufficient water supply that may occur in traditional solutions, and ensuring the continuity of dust suppression operations. Simultaneously, multiple spray pipes 52 are connected to the spray water tank 51, and several atomizing nozzles 53 are further installed on the spray pipes 52. This multi-pipe, multi-nozzle layout design allows the water mist to uniformly and densely cover the entire earthwork transportation area above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6. The fine water mist particles generated by the atomizing nozzles 53 can efficiently adsorb dust in the air, significantly improving the dust suppression effect. Therefore, the spray dust suppression mechanism 5 of this application can provide an efficient water supply and uniform spray coverage, thereby effectively controlling dust pollution during horizontal earthwork transportation, meeting the environmental protection requirements of green construction, and reducing the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0033] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a soil hopper is proposed for holding and dumping earthwork. However, during its implementation, a large amount of dust is easily generated when dumping earthwork, which affects the construction environment and the protection of historical buildings. At the same time, the earthwork dumping process may be incomplete or scattered, resulting in low efficiency and aggravated environmental pollution.

[0034] In response, this application further proposes a reverse-operation soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated urban historical building complexes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 5-9 As shown, the soil hopper 8 includes a hopper bin 81 for holding soil. Hopper shafts 84 are fixedly installed on both sides of the hopper bin 81. One set of hopper shafts 84 is rotatably mounted on a side mounting plate 74, and the other set is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a rotary motor 75. Limiting brackets 82 are fixedly installed on both side walls of the hopper bin 81 where the hopper shafts 84 are not installed. U-shaped sliding plates 83 are slidably connected through the limiting brackets 82. When the hopper bin 81 is located at the excavation layer 100 and soil is being filled, the rotary motor 75 drives the hopper bin 81 to rotate to an inclined position, facilitating the excavator to fill the hopper bin 81 with soil. At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates on both sides... The plate 83 slides upwards simultaneously to form a feeding chute, allowing the soil to be poured into the hopper 81. When the hopper 81 is located at the soil extraction floor 200 and dumps the soil, the rotating motor 75 drives the hopper 81 to rotate to an incline to dump the soil. At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates 83 on both sides slide upwards simultaneously. The lower U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a chute for dumping the soil, allowing the soil to fall completely into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6 through the chute. The upper U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a chute cover plate when dumping the soil, preventing the soil from generating a large amount of dust during dumping. This, together with the spray dust suppression mechanism 5 above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, reduces the dust concentration at the construction site.

[0035] Specifically, the hopper 81, as the core component of the soil extraction hopper 8, primarily functions to contain the excavated soil from the earthwork excavation layer 100. The hopper 81 can be welded from high-strength, wear-resistant steel plates, with its internal surface specially treated to reduce soil adhesion. Its shape can be designed as a truncated cone or rectangle according to actual needs to optimize soil loading and unloading efficiency. Furthermore, the hopper 81 can also be manufactured using lightweight, high-strength composite materials to reduce the equipment's weight and improve its corrosion resistance.

[0036] One set of hopper shafts 84 is rotatably mounted on the side mounting plate 74, while the other set of hopper shafts 84 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor 75. This connection method allows the hopper bin 81 to rotate precisely around the hopper shafts 84, and the rotary motor 75 enables flexible control of the tilt angle. The rotatable mounting is typically achieved using high-precision bearings and bearing housings, ensuring that the hopper shafts 84 rotate smoothly and with low friction on the side mounting plate 74. The fixed connection can employ reliable methods such as keyed connections, splined connections, or flange connections, ensuring that the power of the rotary motor 75 is efficiently and without loss transmitted to the hopper shafts 84, thereby driving the hopper bin 81 to tilt.

[0037] A U-shaped sliding plate 83 is slidably connected to the limiting bracket 82. The U-shaped sliding plate 83 is the core component that enables the formation of chutes or covers during earthwork filling and dumping. Its sliding position directly determines the geometry of the hopper 81 in different operating modes.

[0038] When the hopper 81 is located at the excavation layer 100 and is being filled with soil, the rotary motor 75 drives the hopper 81 to rotate to an inclined position, facilitating the excavator to fill the hopper 81 with soil. At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates 83 on both sides slide upwards simultaneously, forming a spacious feed chute, allowing the soil to be poured into the hopper 81 smoothly and efficiently. The rotary motor 75 can be a servo motor, whose rotation angle can be precisely controlled to tilt the hopper 81 to the optimal filling angle, adapting to the operational needs of different excavator models. The upward sliding of the U-shaped sliding plates 83 is linked to the tilting action of the hopper 81 via a mechanical linkage mechanism, ensuring an open and highly guided feed inlet during the filling process, effectively reducing soil spillage.

[0039] When the hopper 81 is located at the soil extraction floor 200 and dumps soil, the rotary motor 75 drives the hopper 81 to tilt and dump the soil. At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates 83 on both sides slide upwards simultaneously. The lower U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a chute for dumping the soil, allowing the soil to fall completely and centrally into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6. Simultaneously, the upper U-shaped sliding plate 83 acts as a cover plate for the dumping chute, effectively covering the dumping area and physically preventing dust generated during dumping from spreading outwards. The rotary motor 75 tilts the hopper 81 to a preset dumping angle, ensuring the soil slides out smoothly. The sliding speed and extension length of the U-shaped sliding plate 83 can be dynamically adjusted according to the characteristics of the soil to optimize the dumping effect. Furthermore, this design works in conjunction with the spray dust suppression mechanism 5 above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, which sprays fine water mist to further capture and settle airborne dust particles, thereby significantly reducing the dust concentration at the construction site.

[0040] Through the above technical solution, this application optimizes the structure and operation of the soil hopper 8, achieving efficient and low-dust operation during soil filling and dumping. The hopper 81 is tilted by a rotary motor 75, allowing its angle to be adjusted according to construction needs, facilitating efficient soil filling by the excavator. Especially during soil dumping, the synergistic effect of the U-shaped sliding plate 83 is crucial: the lower U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a guiding chute, ensuring that the soil falls completely and accurately into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, avoiding soil scattering and waste; while the upper U-shaped sliding plate 83 cleverly forms a chute cover, physically shielding the dumping area and significantly suppressing dust generation at the source. This dual protection mechanism, combined with the auxiliary effect of the spray dust suppression mechanism 5, greatly reduces the dust concentration at the construction site, effectively solving the problems of dust pollution and soil scattering during soil dumping. This design not only improves the efficiency and integrity of earthwork transportation, but also significantly improves the construction environment, meeting the stringent requirements for environmental protection and meticulous construction in the underground layer addition and reverse construction of densely populated historical buildings in the urban area, and effectively protecting the historical buildings and their surrounding environment.

[0041] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, a U-shaped slide plate 83 is proposed to form a chute or cover plate during filling and dumping of soil to reduce dust. However, in its implementation, manual operation of the U-shaped slide plate 83 may lead to low efficiency, inconvenience of operation, or inability to accurately control the position of the slide plate, thus affecting the dust control effect.

[0042] For this, please refer to Figures 5-9As shown, the hopper bin 81 is provided with a hopper shaft 84, and both sides of the hopper shaft 84 are provided with a transmission mechanism 88 and a shaft 86 rotatably mounted thereon. A drive gear 87 is fixedly mounted on the shaft 86. A transmission rack 831 that meshes with the drive gear 87 is fixedly mounted on the side end of the U-shaped slide plate 83. The transmission mechanism 88 is used to drive another set of U-shaped slide plates 83 to slide along the limiting bracket 82. Two sets of belt drive components 85 are fixedly mounted on the hopper shaft 84. One set of belt drive components 85 is connected to the shaft 86, and the other set of belt drive components 85 is connected to the transmission mechanism 88.

[0043] Specifically, the hopper 81 has a transmission mechanism 88 and a rotating shaft 86 mounted on both sides of the hopper shaft 84. This symmetrical arrangement on both sides aims to ensure that the U-shaped slide plate 83 is subjected to uniform force during sliding, avoiding jamming or tilting caused by unilateral drive, thereby ensuring the smoothness and reliability of the slide plate's movement. The transmission mechanism 88 can take various forms, such as gear transmission, chain transmission, or belt transmission, and its core function is to transmit power to the U-shaped slide plate 83 to achieve its precise linear movement.

[0044] The transmission mechanism 88 is used to drive another set of U-shaped sliding plates 83 to slide along the limiting bracket 82. This transmission mechanism 88 works in conjunction with the aforementioned transmission mechanism 88 to ensure that the U-shaped sliding plates 83 on both sides of the hopper 81 can slide synchronously and in a coordinated manner. This synchronous driving mechanism is key to enabling the U-shaped sliding plates 83 to form a complete chute or cover plate during filling and dumping of soil, avoiding problems such as soil leakage or inadequate dust control due to asynchrony.

[0045] Two sets of belt drive components 85 are fixedly installed on the hopper shaft 84. One set of belt drive components 85 is connected to the shaft 86, and the other set is connected to the transmission mechanism 88. The belt drive components 85 (e.g., pulleys) serve as the medium for power transmission, transferring the rotational power of the hopper shaft 84 to the shaft 86 and the transmission mechanism 88. This belt drive method has advantages such as smooth transmission, shock absorption, and overload protection, and its structure is relatively simple. Through the connection of the belt drive components 85, when the hopper shaft 84 rotates under the drive of the rotary motor 75, it can synchronously drive the transmission mechanisms of the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides, thereby realizing the automated control of the U-shaped slide plates 83. Besides belt drive, chain drive or gear drive can also be used for power transmission.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves automated driving and precise control of the U-shaped slide plate 83. When the hopper shaft 84 rotates under the drive of the rotary motor 75, its power is synchronously transmitted to the shaft 86 and the transmission mechanism 88 through two sets of belt drive components 85. The drive gear 87 on the shaft 86 meshes with the transmission rack 831 on the side of the U-shaped slide plate 83, converting the rotational motion into the linear sliding of the U-shaped slide plate 83. At the same time, another set of transmission mechanisms 88 also synchronously drives the U-shaped slide plate 83 on the other side to slide. This linkage mechanism ensures the synchronous movement of the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides, thereby accurately forming a feeding chute when filling earthwork, facilitating efficient filling by the excavator; and accurately forming a dumping chute and chute cover when dumping earthwork, effectively guiding the earthwork into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, and minimizing dust generated during the earthwork dumping process. This automated control method significantly improves the operating efficiency and positioning accuracy of the U-shaped slide plate 83, avoids the errors and inconveniences that may be caused by manual operation, and thus more effectively controls dust at the construction site, improving the environmental performance and operating efficiency of the entire soil extraction equipment.

[0047] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a transmission mechanism is proposed to drive another set of U-shaped sliding plates to slide. However, in its implementation, it may be impossible to accurately control the synchronous movement and differentiated action of the two U-shaped sliding plates, resulting in uncoordinated sliding plate movements when dumping soil, which affects the efficiency of soil transportation and the effect of dust control.

[0048] For this, please refer to Figures 5-9 As shown, this application further proposes a transmission mechanism 88, which includes a second shaft 881 and a third shaft 883 rotatably mounted on the side wall of the hopper 81. The second shaft 881 is connected to the hopper shaft 84 via a belt drive 85, and a driving gear 882 is fixedly mounted on the second shaft 881. A driven gear 884 is fixedly mounted on the third shaft 883, and the driven gear 884 meshes with the third shaft 883 and a transmission rack 831 mounted on the adjacent U-shaped slide plate 83. When the hopper shaft 84 rotates under the drive of the rotary motor 75, The two sets of belt drive components 85 synchronously drive shaft 1 86 and shaft 2 881 to rotate. Shaft 2 881 then drives driven gear 884 to rotate via gear transmission. Under the transmission of the gear rack, the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides rotate synchronously. Shaft 1 86 is located on the side of the U-shaped slide plate 83 closer to the bottom when the hopper 81 rotates. The gear ratio between the driving gear 882 and the driven gear 884 is used to adjust the extension speed and length of the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides, so that the two sets of U-shaped slide plates 83 can achieve different functions.

[0049] Through the above technical solution, when the hopper shaft 84 rotates under the drive of the rotary motor 75, its power is synchronously transmitted to shaft 1 86 and shaft 2 881 through two sets of belt drive components 85, ensuring the synchronicity and stability of power transmission. The driving gear 882 on shaft 2 881 meshes with the driven gear 884 on shaft 3 883, precisely transmitting the rotational motion. The driven gear 884 further meshes with the transmission rack 831 on the U-shaped slide plate 83, converting the rotational motion into the linear sliding of the U-shaped slide plate 83. This precise gear and rack transmission mechanism ensures that the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides achieve synchronous and controllable sliding, effectively avoiding the problems of reduced soil dumping efficiency and poor dust control caused by uncoordinated movements. In addition, by adjusting the gear ratio between the driving gear 882 and the driven gear 884, the extension speed and length of the U-shaped slide plates 83 on both sides can be flexibly adjusted, thereby achieving their differentiated functions. For example, during earthwork dumping, the lower U-shaped slide plate 83 forms an effective chute, guiding the earthwork smoothly into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, while the upper U-shaped slide plate 83 acts as a chute cover, minimizing dust generated during dumping. This precise control and differentiated function significantly improves the efficiency of earthwork transportation and greatly enhances dust control at construction sites. It is particularly important for protecting the surrounding environment and historical buildings during underground layer addition and reverse-construction earthwork operations in densely populated urban historical building complexes.

[0050] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a soil hopper is proposed for holding earthwork. However, in its implementation, it is necessary to rely on external excavation equipment or manual labor for earthwork filling, which leads to low construction efficiency, cumbersome operation process, and easy dust pollution problems.

[0051] In response, this application further proposes a reverse-operation soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated urban historical building complexes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 6-9 As shown, the lower end of the hopper 81 has an open structure, designed to provide a direct and spacious entrance for easy access of excavated soil. This can be achieved with a simple open bottom or a sliding or flip-up door at the bottom, which opens during excavation or loading and closes during transport to prevent soil spillage. An excavation mechanism 89 is located at the lower opening of the hopper 81. This mechanism is the core component for automated excavation and loading of excavated soil. Its function is to replace traditional manual or external excavation equipment, directly grabbing soil from the excavated layer 100 and loading it into the hopper 81. Besides the bucket-type structure specifically described in this application, the excavation mechanism 89 can also take various forms, such as a screw conveyor excavator head or a hydraulic grab bucket excavator, to adapt to different soil types and operational needs.

[0052] In actual operation, after the hopper 81 moves downward to the earthwork excavation layer 100, the excavator motor 891 synchronously drives the two sets of excavating shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of buckets 894 to open outward, preparing for subsequent insertion of soil. This action ensures that the buckets 894 can contact the soil with the maximum opening area, improving excavation efficiency. Subsequently, the hopper 81 continues to move downward, allowing the opened buckets 894 to smoothly insert into the soil piled on the earthwork excavation layer 100. This step is the foundation for soil grabbing; the insertion depth and angle of the buckets 894 directly affect the excavation volume. Next, the excavator motor 891 synchronously drives the two sets of excavating shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of buckets 894 to close inward, gathering the soil into the hopper 81. This closing action not only completes the loading of soil but also effectively reduces soil spillage during the lifting process, lowering dust levels.

[0053] By integrating the excavation mechanism 89 into the soil hopper 81 through the above technical solution, the reliance on external excavation equipment or manual labor in the traditional earthwork filling process is effectively solved, significantly improving construction efficiency. Specifically, when the hopper 81 descends to the earthwork excavation layer 100, the excavation motor 891 drives two sets of excavation shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions, causing the bucket 894 to open outwards. Subsequently, the hopper 81 continues to move downwards, allowing the bucket 894 to insert into the soil. Then, the excavation motor 891 drives the excavation shafts 892 in the opposite direction, causing the bucket 894 to close inwards, automatically gathering the soil and collecting it into the hopper 81. This automated excavation and filling process avoids the cumbersome manual operation and the scheduling of external equipment, achieving continuity and high efficiency in earthwork filling. Meanwhile, the bucket 894 effectively collects excavated soil during the closing process, reducing soil spillage and dust generation. Combined with the dust suppression spray system 5 above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, this further reduces dust concentration at the construction site, improves the working environment, and meets green construction requirements. This integrated design makes the entire excavation equipment more adaptable to confined spaces, further optimizing the overall efficiency and environmental performance of reverse-engineering excavation for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas.

[0054] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, a horizontal conveying mechanism is proposed to horizontally transport earthwork to earthwork transport vehicles. However, during this process, the earthwork is prone to scattering or falling during horizontal transport, causing dust pollution, low transport efficiency, and earthwork loss.

[0055] In response, this application further proposes a reverse-operation soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated urban historical building complexes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1-4As shown, the horizontal conveying mechanism 6 includes a conveyor frame 61 fixedly installed on the soil extraction floor 200. Conveying rollers 62 are rotatably installed at both ends of the conveyor frame 61. A conveyor motor 63 for driving the conveying rollers 62 to rotate is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor frame 61. A conveyor belt 64 for transporting soil is connected between the two sets of conveying rollers 62. A support plate 65 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the conveyor frame 61. The support plate 65 is located on the lower surface of the upper conveyor belt 64. A V-groove 651 is provided at the upper end of the support plate 65. The V-groove 651 causes the soil to move towards the middle on the conveyor belt 64, preventing the soil from falling off during transportation.

[0056] V-groove 651 is a special structure on the upper end of support plate 65, with a V-shaped cross-section. The design of V-groove 651 is intended to guide the soil on conveyor belt 64 to naturally converge towards the center area of ​​conveyor belt 64 during the conveying process through physical guidance. V-groove 651 can be integrally formed on support plate 65, or it can be achieved by installing V-shaped guide strips on support plate 65.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, the horizontal conveying mechanism 6 operates stably on the soil extraction floor 200. The conveying motor 63 drives the conveying roller 62 to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt 64 to run continuously, horizontally conveying the soil dumped from the soil extraction hopper 8. During this process, the support plate 65 provides solid bottom support for the conveyor belt 64, effectively preventing the conveyor belt 64 from sagging or deforming due to carrying soil, thus significantly reducing the possibility of soil scattering from the edges of the conveyor belt 64. Furthermore, the V-shaped groove 651 set at the upper end of the support plate 65 can cleverly guide the soil on the conveyor belt 64 to automatically move towards the central area, forming a concentrated soil flow. This not only further avoids soil falling off the sides of the conveyor belt 64, but also makes the soil more stable and concentrated during the conveying process. This optimized design significantly improves the efficiency and safety of soil transportation, minimizes soil scattering and loss during horizontal transportation, thereby effectively controlling dust pollution, ensuring the cleanliness of the construction site environment, and reducing cleanup costs.

[0058] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, the use of equipment such as vertical rails for earthmoving is proposed. However, in multi-story underground construction, repeated installation and adjustment of equipment may lead to low construction efficiency and interruption, increasing construction time and cost, and making it difficult to meet the needs of continuous multi-story operations.

[0059] In response, this application further proposes a method for reverse construction of underground additional layers in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, including the following steps: Step 1: After completing the structural reinforcement, the construction structure is reversed, and the excavator enters the building to start digging downwards; Step 2: First, construct the pile foundation lattice column 201 according to the reserved opening location, and then carry out the floor slab construction; Step 3: Install vertical rail 1 and horizontal conveying mechanism 6 at the soil hoisting opening position on the soil extraction floor 200; Step 4: The excavator transports the soil at an elevation of 100 meters from the excavation layer to the bottom of the soil hoisting opening; Step 5: The soil is loaded into the soil hopper 8 and transported to the top floor 200 of the soil extraction floor. The soil is then rotated and dumped onto the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, which extends from the building window and falls directly into the soil transport vehicle. Step Six: During the excavation of the 100-meter floor slab, a hoisting opening for earthwork is left, and the length of the vertical rail 1 is extended to repeat the earthwork extraction for the construction of the next floor.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this construction method effectively solves the problem of low efficiency caused by repeated equipment installation in multi-story underground construction by systematically sequencing steps, achieving a highly efficient and continuous operation process. After structural reinforcement is completed, the construction structure is reversed, allowing excavators to enter and excavate, ensuring construction safety and building protection, and avoiding damage to historical buildings. The excavation floor is 200mm high, with a soil hoisting opening provided for precise equipment installation, ensuring the feasibility of subsequent hoisting operations. Vertical rails 1 and horizontal conveying mechanisms 6 are installed at the hoisting opening, directly integrating equipment to reduce space occupation and facilitate efficient subsequent operations. The excavator transports soil from the 100mm elevation of the excavation layer to the lower part of the hoisting opening, optimizing the soil position for loading into the soil hopper 8, improving soil handling efficiency. The soil hopper 8 is loaded with soil, transported upwards, rotated and dumped onto the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, and then conveyed through a window to a vehicle, achieving fully enclosed transportation, controlling dust and preventing damage to the exterior walls. Most importantly, the construction of the 100-meter-long floor slab excavation layer includes a hoisting opening and an extended vertical rail 1 for repeated soil extraction. This allows for equipment adjustments and reuse, avoiding dismantling interruptions and significantly improving the continuity and overall efficiency of multi-level construction. Consequently, it reduces construction time and costs and better meets the needs of continuous multi-level operations.

[0061] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution: In a dense cluster of historic buildings in the heart of the city, an underground extension was needed for one of the buildings. The site was small and surrounded by densely packed buildings. Traditional earthmoving methods using large gantry cranes and grab buckets not only occupied a significant amount of external space, but also posed a risk of the grab buckets colliding with the exterior walls of the historic buildings during horizontal transport, and dust pollution was difficult to control. To address these issues, the construction team decided to use an integrated indoor earthmoving system.

[0062] First, after reinforcing the building structure, the construction workers reserved a soil hoisting opening on the pre-designated soil extraction floor 200. A lattice column 201 was constructed at the soil hoisting opening of the soil extraction floor 200. Subsequently, the upper part of the vertical rail 1 was firmly installed at the soil hoisting opening of the current soil extraction floor 200, and a top support 2 was fixedly installed at the top. The vertical rail 1 adopts an extendable assembly structure, and its length is adjusted according to the construction height of the soil excavation layer 100 to ensure that the equipment can adapt to underground operations at different depths.

[0063] A lifting drive mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the top support 2. This mechanism includes a lifting motor 41 that drives a wire wheel 42 mounted on the top support 2. A lifting wire 43 is connected to the wire wheel 42, with one end passing through two sets of wire guide wheels 73 on the lifting frame 7 and then fixedly connected to the top support 2, and the other end fixedly connected to a counterweight slider 44. The counterweight slider 44 slides along a counterweight rail 3 fixed to the side of the vertical rail 1 to balance the lifting of the lifting frame 7 and reduce lifting energy consumption.

[0064] The lifting frame 7 is slidably mounted along the vertical rail 1. Each of the four corners of its support body 71 is equipped with limiting guide wheels 72 that slide within the vertical rail 1, ensuring smooth lifting and lowering of the lifting frame 7. The soil hopper 8 is rotatably mounted between two sets of side mounting plates 74 at the lower end of the lifting frame 7. A rotary motor 75 for driving the soil hopper 8 is fixedly mounted on one set of side mounting plates 74. Both sides of the hopper compartment 81 of the soil hopper 8 are fixedly mounted with hopper shafts 84. One set of hopper shafts 84 is rotatably mounted on the side mounting plates 74, while the other set is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor 75. Limiting brackets 82 are fixedly mounted on both side walls of the hopper compartment 81 where the hopper shafts 84 are not mounted. A U-shaped sliding plate 83 slides through and is connected to the limiting brackets 82. The hopper bin 81 has a hopper shaft 84, and both sides of its side walls are equipped with a transmission mechanism 88 and a first shaft 86 rotatably mounted thereon. A drive gear 87 is fixedly mounted on the first shaft 86, and a transmission rack 831 that meshes with the drive gear 87 is fixedly mounted on the side end of the U-shaped slide plate 83. The transmission mechanism 88 includes a second shaft 881 and a third shaft 883 rotatably mounted on the side wall of the hopper bin 81. The second shaft 881 is connected to the hopper shaft 84 via a belt drive 85, and a drive gear 882 is fixedly mounted on the second shaft 881. A driven gear 884 is fixedly mounted on the third shaft 883, and the driven gear 884 meshes with the third shaft 883 and the transmission rack 831 mounted on the adjacent U-shaped slide plate 83.

[0065] A horizontal conveying mechanism 6 is installed on the soil extraction floor 200, extending horizontally from the building window. The horizontal conveying mechanism 6 includes a conveyor frame 61 fixedly installed on the soil extraction floor 200, with conveyor rollers 62 rotatably mounted at both ends. A conveyor motor 63 for driving the conveyor rollers 62 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor frame 61. A conveyor belt 64 for transporting excavated soil is connected between the two sets of conveyor rollers 62. A support plate 65 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the conveyor frame 61, located on the lower surface of the upper conveyor belt 64, and a V-groove 651 is provided at its upper end.

[0066] A dust suppression spraying mechanism 5 is installed on the top support 2 and directly above the horizontal conveying mechanism 6. The mechanism includes a spray water tank 51 fixedly installed on the upper end of the top support 2. The spray water tank 51 is connected to an external water source through a water pump and is connected to multiple spray pipes 52. Several atomizing nozzles 53 are installed on the spray pipes 52.

[0067] Once the equipment was installed, the underground layer addition and reverse soil extraction operation began.

[0068] First, the lifting drive mechanism 4 drives the lifting frame 7 to descend, transporting the soil hopper 8 to the earthwork excavation layer 100. At this time, the lower end of the hopper 81 has an open structure, and a digging mechanism 89 is installed at the lower opening. The digging mechanism 89 includes two sets of digging shafts 892 rotatably mounted at the lower end of the hopper 81, and a digging motor 891 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the hopper 81 to drive the two sets of digging shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions. A bucket 894 is fixedly connected to the digging shaft 892 through a shaft connecting plate 893. When the hopper 81 moves downward to the earthwork excavation layer 100, the digging motor 891 synchronously drives the two sets of digging shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of buckets 894 to open outward. Subsequently, the hopper 81 continues to move downward, causing the buckets 894 to insert into the soil piled on the earthwork excavation layer 100. Next, the excavator motor 891 synchronously drives the two sets of excavator shafts 892 to rotate in opposite directions, causing the two sets of buckets 894 to close inward, collecting the excavated soil into the hopper 81. This integrated excavation function avoids the need for additional excavators for loading in confined spaces, further reducing the required operating space.

[0069] After the earthwork filling is completed, the lifting drive mechanism 4 drives the lifting frame 7 to rise along the vertical rail 1, hoisting the soil-filled hopper 8 to the top of the soil extraction floor 200. During the lifting process, the counterweight slider 44 slides on the counterweight vertical rail 3, effectively balancing the lifting load and making the lifting process more stable and efficient.

[0070] When the soil hopper 8 reaches the soil extraction floor 200, the rotary motor 75 drives the hopper 81 to rotate to an inclined angle, preparing to dump the soil. Simultaneously, the hopper shaft 84 rotates under the drive of the rotary motor 75, synchronously driving shaft 1 86 and shaft 2 881 through two sets of belt drive components 85. Shaft 2 881 uses gear transmission to drive the driven gear 884 to rotate, thereby driving the U-shaped sliding plates 83 on both sides to slide upwards synchronously under the transmission action of the gear rack. At this time, the lower U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a chute for dumping soil, allowing the soil to fall completely and accurately onto the conveyor belt 64 of the horizontal conveying mechanism 6. The upper U-shaped sliding plate 83 forms a chute cover during soil dumping, effectively preventing the generation of large amounts of dust during dumping.

[0071] After the soil falls into the horizontal conveying mechanism 6, the conveying motor 63 drives the conveying roller 62 to rotate, which in turn drives the conveyor belt 64 to transport the soil horizontally. The V-shaped groove 651 set on the support plate 65 below the conveyor belt 64 causes the soil to move towards the center on the conveyor belt 64, effectively preventing the soil from falling off during transportation and further reducing dust and material loss.

[0072] During the process of earthwork being dumped from the soil hopper 8 onto the horizontal conveyor 6 and transported horizontally on the conveyor belt 64, the dust suppression spraying mechanism 5, located directly above the horizontal conveyor 6, is activated. Water in the spray tank 51 is pumped to the spray pipe 52 and sprayed out as a fine mist by several atomizing nozzles 53, effectively suppressing and settling the dust generated during earthwork transportation. This multi-layered dust suppression measure significantly reduces the dust concentration at the construction site, meeting the requirements of green construction.

[0073] The horizontal conveying mechanism 6 extends from the building window, directly dumping the excavated soil into waiting earth transport vehicles, forming a continuous and efficient earth transport production line. Compared with traditional equipment that requires multiple transfers and large outdoor equipment, this equipment integrates vertical lifting and horizontal conveying indoors, greatly reducing site occupation and avoiding potential damage to the exterior walls of historical buildings.

[0074] After the soil in the current excavation layer 100 is cleared, the construction workers will leave a soil hoisting opening when constructing the next floor slab. Based on the new construction height, the length of the vertical rail 1 will be extended by assembling a structure, and the above soil extraction operation will be repeated until all underground layers are completed.

[0075] Through the above example, this equipment enables underground layer addition and soil extraction operations in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas with minimal space occupation, low dust, and high efficiency. Its integrated interior design adapts to confined construction spaces, while fully enclosed soil transportation and multiple dust suppression measures effectively control dust pollution. The continuous and efficient soil transportation pipeline improves construction efficiency, thereby minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment and meeting the requirements of green construction.

[0076] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil extraction device for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, characterized in that: include: The soil extraction floor (200) has a soil hoisting opening. A lattice column (201) is constructed at the soil hoisting opening of the soil extraction floor (200). The fixed installation vertical rail (1) is fixedly installed at the lattice column (201). A top bracket (2) is fixedly installed at the top of the vertical rail (1). The vertical rail (1) is an extendable assembly structure in the length direction. The length of the vertical rail (1) is adjusted according to the construction height of the soil excavation layer (100). The lifting frame (7) is slidably mounted on the vertical rail (1) along the vertical direction, and the vertical rail (1) is equipped with a soil hopper (8) for holding soil. The lifting drive mechanism (4) is fixedly installed on the top bracket (2) and is used to drive the lifting frame (7) to move up and down along the vertical rail (1) to lift the soil from the soil excavation layer (100) to the soil extraction layer (200). A horizontal conveying mechanism (6), which is set on the soil extraction floor (200) and extends horizontally from the building window, is used to horizontally transport the soil hoisted in the soil extraction hopper (8) to the soil transport vehicle. The dust suppression spraying mechanism (5), which is mounted on the top support (2) and located directly above the horizontal conveying mechanism (6), is used to suppress dust during the horizontal transport of earthwork.

2. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting frame (7) includes a support body (71). Each of the four corners of the support body (71) is provided with a limiting guide wheel (72) that slides with the inner side of the vertical rail (1). The upper end of the support body (71) is rotatably provided with two sets of wire guide wheels (73) that cooperate with the lifting drive mechanism (4). The lower end of the support body (71) is fixedly provided with two sets of side mounting plates (74). The soil hopper (8) is rotatably installed between the two sets of side mounting plates (74), and a rotary motor (75) for driving the soil hopper (8) to rotate is fixedly provided on one of the side mounting plates (74).

3. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism (4) includes a wire wheel (42) rotatably mounted on a top bracket (2), and a lifting motor (41) for driving the wire wheel (42) to rotate is fixedly mounted on the top bracket (2); a lifting wire (43) is connected to the wire wheel (42), one end of the lifting wire (43) passes through two sets of wire guide wheels (73) and is fixedly connected to the top bracket (2), and the other end of the lifting wire (43) is fixedly connected to a counterweight slider (44). A counterweight vertical rail (3) is fixedly provided on the side end of the vertical rail (1), and the counterweight slider (44) slides along the vertical direction on the counterweight vertical rail (3).

4. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust suppression spray mechanism (5) includes a spray water tank (51) fixedly installed on the upper end of the top bracket (2). The spray water tank (51) is connected to an external water source through a water pump. Multiple spray pipes (52) are connected to the spray water tank (51), and several atomizing nozzles (53) are installed on the spray pipes (52).

5. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil hopper (8) includes a hopper bin (81) for holding soil. Hopper shafts (84) are fixedly installed on both sides of the hopper bin (81). One set of hopper shafts (84) is rotatably installed on the side mounting plate (74), and the other set of hopper shafts (84) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the rotary motor (75). Limiting brackets (82) are fixedly installed on both side walls of the hopper bin (81) where the hopper shafts (84) are not installed. A U-shaped sliding plate (83) is slidably connected through the limiting bracket (82). When the hopper (81) is located at the earthwork excavation layer (100) and is filling earthwork, the hopper (81) is rotated to an inclined position by the rotary motor (75) so that the excavator can fill the earthwork into the hopper (81). At this time, the U-shaped sliding plates (83) on both sides slide upwards to form a feeding chute, so that the earthwork is poured into the hopper (81). When the hopper (81) is dumping soil at the soil extraction floor (200), the hopper (81) is rotated to tilt by the rotary motor (75) to dump the soil. At this time, the U-shaped slide plates (83) on both sides slide upwards at the same time. The U-shaped slide plate (83) at the bottom forms a chute for dumping soil, so that the soil falls completely into the horizontal conveying mechanism (6) through the chute. The U-shaped slide plate (83) at the top forms a chute cover plate when dumping soil, which avoids a lot of dust from being generated when dumping soil. In conjunction with the dust suppression spray mechanism (5) above the horizontal conveying mechanism (6), the dust concentration at the construction site is reduced.

6. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hopper (81) is provided with a hopper shaft (84) and a transmission mechanism (88) and a shaft (86) rotatably mounted on both sides of the hopper shaft (84). A drive gear (87) is fixedly mounted on the shaft (86). A transmission rack (831) that meshes with the drive gear (87) is fixedly mounted on the side end of the U-shaped slide plate (83). The transmission mechanism (88) is used to drive another set of U-shaped slide plates (83) to slide along the limiting bracket (82). Two sets of belt drive components (85) are fixedly mounted on the hopper shaft (84). One set of belt drive components (85) is connected to the shaft (86) and the other set of belt drive components (85) is connected to the transmission mechanism (88).

7. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (88) includes a second shaft (881) and a third shaft (883) rotatably mounted on the side wall of the hopper (81). The second shaft (881) is connected to the hopper shaft (84) via a belt drive (85). A drive gear (882) is fixedly mounted on the second shaft (881). A driven gear (884) is fixedly mounted on the third shaft (883). The driven gear (884) meshes with the third shaft (883) and the transmission rack (831) mounted on the adjacent U-shaped slide plate (83).

8. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower end of the hopper (81) is an open structure, and a digging mechanism (89) is provided at the lower opening of the hopper (81). The digging mechanism (89) includes two sets of digging shafts (892) rotatably installed at the lower end of the hopper (81). The side wall of the hopper (81) is fixedly provided with a digging motor (891) for driving the two sets of digging shafts (892) to rotate in opposite directions. A digging bucket (894) is fixedly connected to the digging shaft (892) through a shaft connecting plate (893).

9. The soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal conveying mechanism (6) includes a conveyor frame (61) fixedly installed on the soil extraction floor (200). Conveying rollers (62) are rotatably installed at both ends of the conveyor frame (61). A conveyor motor (63) for driving the conveying rollers (62) to rotate is fixedly installed on the side wall of the conveyor frame (61). A conveyor belt (64) for transporting soil is connected between the two sets of conveying rollers (62). A support plate (65) is fixedly installed on the upper part of the conveyor frame (61). The support plate (65) is located on the lower surface of the upper conveyor belt (64). A V-groove (651) is provided on the upper end of the support plate (65).

10. A method for reverse construction of underground layer addition and soil extraction in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas, using the reverse construction and soil extraction equipment for underground layer addition and soil extraction in densely populated historical building complexes in urban areas as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: After completing the structural reinforcement, the construction structure is reversed, and the excavator enters the building to start digging downwards; Step 2: First, construct the pile foundation lattice column (201) according to the reserved opening location, and then carry out the floor slab construction; Step 3: Install vertical rails (1) and horizontal conveying mechanism (6) at the soil hoisting port of the soil extraction floor (200). Step 4: The excavator transports the soil at the (100) elevation of the excavation layer to the lower part of the soil hoisting opening; Step 5: The soil is loaded into the soil hopper (8) and transported to the top floor (200). The soil is then rotated and dumped onto the horizontal conveying mechanism (6), which extends from the building window and falls directly into the soil transport vehicle. Step 6: Earthwork excavation layer (100) floor slab construction: Leave earthwork hoisting opening, extend the length of vertical rail (1) and repeat the earthwork extraction for the next floor construction.

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