Ignition device and internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention provides an ignition device and an internal combustion engine. The ignition device comprises a porous part and a combustion starting part. The porous part is provided with a core hole site and at least one group of expansion hole sites, and each group of expansion hole sites are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core hole site; the combustion starting part is arranged on one side of the porous part, corresponds to the core hole site and can trigger the ammonia mixed gas in the core hole site to be combusted in a self-sustaining mode. High-temperature flames generated by combustion of the ammonia mixed gas in the core hole site are diffused towards the side, away from the combustion starting part, of the porous part under the guidance of the wall face of the core hole site, and meanwhile the ammonia mixed gas in the expansion hole site is rapidly heated under the heat radiation effect of the high-temperature flames and the heat conduction effect of the wall face between the expansion hole site and the core hole site; and combustion is carried out, a chained combustion propagation path from inside to outside is formed, a plurality of local flame sources developing synchronously are formed, the total volume and the free radical concentration of an initial combustion area are increased, and therefore the ignition success rate and stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine technology, and more particularly to an ignition device and an internal combustion engine. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy structure transformation and increasingly stringent environmental requirements, traditional fossil fuel internal combustion engines face the dual pressures of energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Developing clean, low-carbon, and even zero-carbon alternative fuels and their corresponding high-efficiency combustion technologies has become an important development direction in the internal combustion engine field. Ammonia, as a fuel with high hydrogen content that does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion, has significant advantages such as wide availability, low liquefaction pressure, and reusable storage and transportation infrastructure, and its application potential in the internal combustion engine field has attracted widespread attention.

[0003] However, due to the high ignition point and slow combustion speed of ammonia fuel, the development of ammonia fuel internal combustion engines faces technical bottlenecks such as poor ignition stability, and the clean and efficient advantages of ammonia fuel cannot be fully utilized.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem of poor ignition stability of ammonia fuel internal combustion engines in related technologies has become an important technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an ignition device and an internal combustion engine to solve the problem of poor ignition stability in ammonia fuel internal combustion engines in related technologies.

[0006] This invention provides an ignition device, comprising: A porous component having a core hole and at least one set of extended holes, each set of extended holes being distributed circumferentially at intervals along the core hole; A combustion initiation part is disposed on one side of the porous component and corresponds to the core hole position. The combustion initiation part can trigger the self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture in the core hole position.

[0007] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the core hole and the expansion hole is a regular hexagon, and the porous component has a set of the expansion holes, the set of the expansion holes including six expansion holes; The straight line connecting the center of any of the extended holes and the center of the core hole is the center line, and a pair of opposite sides of any of the extended holes and a pair of opposite sides of the core hole are perpendicular to the center line.

[0008] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the side length of the regular hexagon is 1-2 mm, and the wall thickness between any two adjacent core holes and each of the extended holes is 0.5-1 mm. The axial dimension of the porous component is the dimension of the porous component along the axial direction of the core hole, and the axial dimension of the porous component is 1~2 mm.

[0009] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the porous component is made of a nickel-based alloy, a ruthenium-based alloy, an iridium-based alloy, a platinum-based alloy, or an iron-based alloy. Alternatively, the sidewalls of the core pores and the sidewalls of the extended pores are provided with a catalyst layer, the catalyst layer comprising at least one of nickel-based catalysts, ruthenium-based catalysts, iridium-based catalysts, platinum-based catalysts, and iron-based catalysts.

[0010] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the core hole and the expansion hole is triangular, circular, square or regular hexagonal.

[0011] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the porous element comprises: The porous section has a disc-shaped structure, and both the core hole and the extended hole are through holes that penetrate the porous section. A connecting part is fixedly disposed on one side of the porous part, and the connecting part is used to connect the combustion initiation part.

[0012] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the combustion initiation part includes: A first metal casing is used as a grounding terminal, and the porous component is disposed on the first metal casing and is electrically connected to the first metal casing. A central electrode is disposed on the first metal shell, the central electrode is in insulating contact with the first metal shell, the central electrode corresponds to the core hole, and a discharge gap capable of being broken down is formed between the central electrode and the porous component.

[0013] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the combustion initiation part includes: A second metal housing, wherein the porous component is disposed on the second metal housing; A heating element is disposed in the second metal shell, the heating element corresponds to the core hole, and the heating element is used to generate a high-temperature hot surface after being powered on.

[0014] According to an ignition device provided by the present invention, the combustion initiation part includes: A third metal housing, wherein the porous component is disposed on the third metal housing; A resonant cavity is disposed in the third metal shell, and the outlet of the resonant cavity corresponds to the core aperture. The resonant cavity is used to form a local strong electric field under microwave excitation to induce gas breakdown and generate plasma.

[0015] The present invention also provides an internal combustion engine including the above-described ignition device.

[0016] The ignition device provided by this invention includes a porous component and a combustion initiation part. The porous component has a core aperture and at least one set of extended apertures, each set of extended apertures being circumferentially spaced along the core aperture. The combustion initiation part is disposed on one side of the porous component, corresponding to the core aperture. The combustion initiation part can trigger the self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture within the core aperture and generate a high-temperature flame. Guided by the wall of the core aperture, the high-temperature flame diffuses towards the side of the porous component away from the combustion initiation part. Simultaneously, under the thermal radiation of the high-temperature flame and the thermal conduction of the wall between the extended apertures and the core aperture, the ammonia mixture within the extended aperture is rapidly heated and combusted, forming a chain-like combustion propagation path from the inside out, creating multiple synchronously developing local flame sources, expanding the effective size of the initial flame core, enhancing the anti-disturbance capability, and accelerating the overall combustion process through multi-point synchronous ignition effect, fundamentally improving ignition reliability and combustion stability, and solving the problem of poor ignition stability in ammonia fuel internal combustion engines in related technologies.

[0017] Furthermore, the internal combustion engine provided by the present invention also possesses the various advantages described above due to the ignition device described above. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition device provided by the present invention installed in a cylinder.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition device provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the ignition device provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the ignition device provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the porous component and the central electrode provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition process of the ignition device provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure label: 1. Perforated part; 2. Core hole; 3. Extended hole; 4. Center electrode; 5. Connecting part; 6. Cylinder; 7. Piston; 8. Perforated part. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] Ammonia, as a fuel with high hydrogen content that does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion, has significant advantages such as wide availability, low liquefaction pressure, and reusable storage and transportation infrastructure, and its application potential in the field of internal combustion engines has attracted widespread attention.

[0028] However, due to the high ignition point and slow combustion speed of ammonia fuel, the development of ammonia fuel internal combustion engines faces technical bottlenecks such as poor ignition stability, and the clean and efficient advantages of ammonia fuel cannot be fully utilized.

[0029] To improve the combustion performance of ammonia fuel, current methods often employ mixing ammonia with highly reactive fuels or improving the ignition system (such as jet ignition). The former increases the complexity of the fuel supply system, reducing its ease of use and infrastructure compatibility, making it less convenient than using a single fuel. The latter involves a complex and precise jet chamber structure, resulting in high manufacturing and assembly costs.

[0030] In contrast, existing research has rarely explored spark plugs specifically designed for ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines. Currently, most ammonia-fueled internal combustion engines use spark plugs from traditional spark-ignition engines. These spark plugs typically employ a central electrode with a single-piece or needle-shaped outer electrode, a fixed discharge gap, and concentrated spark energy in a tiny area, usually less than 1 cubic millimeter. This results in a limited initial flame formation area, making it difficult to achieve rapid and stable ignition of the ammonia mixture. Under low-load conditions, ignition failure or flame extinction is common, making them unsuitable for complex operating conditions.

[0031] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design an ignition device that can expand the initial flame core size and enhance ignition robustness, taking into account the combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel, in order to overcome the key technical bottleneck in ignition stability of ammonia fuel internal combustion engines.

[0032] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 6 The ignition device of the present invention is described.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the ignition device provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a porous component 1 and a combustion initiation part.

[0034] Specifically, the porous component 1 has a core hole 2 and at least one set of extended holes 3, with each set of extended holes 3 distributed circumferentially along the core hole 2. When there are two or more sets of extended holes 3, each set of extended holes 3 is distributed radially along the core hole 2.

[0035] A combustion initiation section is located on one side of the porous component 1, corresponding to the core hole position 2. The combustion initiation section can trigger the self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture within the core hole position 2, generating a high-temperature flame. The ammonia mixture is a mixture of ammonia fuel and air.

[0036] The high-temperature flame within the core aperture 2 diffuses towards the side of the porous component 1 away from the combustion initiation part, guided by the wall of the core aperture 2. Simultaneously, the core aperture 2 and the extended aperture 3 form a micro pre-combustion chamber array. Under the thermal radiation of the high-temperature flame and the thermal conduction of the wall between the extended aperture 3 and the core aperture 2, the ammonia mixture within the extended aperture 3 is rapidly heated and combusted, forming a chain combustion propagation path from the inside out. This creates multiple synchronously developing local flame sources, expands the effective size of the initial flame core, enhances the anti-disturbance capability, and accelerates the overall combustion process through the multi-point synchronous ignition effect. This fundamentally improves ignition reliability and combustion stability, solving the problem of poor ignition stability in ammonia fuel internal combustion engines in related technologies.

[0037] During operation, the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine uses an ammonia-hydrogen mixture with a hydrogen blending ratio of 0% to 30%. A heat-insulating coating is applied to the piston 7 of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine.

[0038] The combustion of ammonia-fuel mixtures produces no carbon emissions, which helps promote the development of transportation, power machinery, and other fields. Ammonia can be produced through renewable energy sources such as water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and nitrogen synthesis, freeing us from dependence on fossil fuels and providing technological support for energy diversification.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the porous component 1 is made of nickel-based alloy, ruthenium-based alloy, iridium-based alloy, platinum-based alloy, or iron-based alloy.

[0040] These alloy materials not only possess excellent high-temperature strength and resistance to thermal fatigue, enabling them to operate stably for extended periods under high heat loads in internal combustion engines, but they also exhibit catalytic activity, promoting the catalytic decomposition of ammonia molecules at high temperatures to generate hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the porous component 1 is made of a nickel alloy material with high catalytic activity.

[0042] In other embodiments of the present invention, a catalyst layer is provided on the sidewall of the core pore 2 and the sidewall of the extended pore 3, the catalyst layer including at least one of nickel-based catalyst, ruthenium-based catalyst, iridium-based catalyst, platinum-based catalyst and iron-based catalyst.

[0043] The catalyst layer is activated under the action of a high-temperature flame, which can efficiently catalyze the decomposition reaction of ammonia molecules to generate hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0044] The generated hydrogen gas has extremely high reactivity and can quickly participate in the chain combustion reaction, enhancing the flammability and combustion speed of the ammonia mixture in the extended pore 3, thereby strengthening the chain combustion propagation path from the inside out and improving ignition reliability and combustion stability.

[0045] Moreover, the hydrogen produced generates a large amount of heat when burned, creating a high-temperature environment for the combustion of ammonia fuel, accelerating the combustion of ammonia fuel, and increasing the combustion speed.

[0046] In addition, the porous element 1 in this embodiment increases its contact area with the ammonia mixture, which can improve the catalytic efficiency.

[0047] The cross-section of the core hole 2 is perpendicular to its axis, and the cross-section of the extended hole 3 is perpendicular to its axis. Generally, the axes of the core hole 2 and the extended hole 3 are parallel, both parallel to the distribution direction of the porous component 1 and the combustion initiation section.

[0048] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the core hole 2 and the extended hole 3 is triangular, circular, square, regular hexagonal, elliptical, rhomboid or fan-shaped.

[0049] The ratio of the number of core holes 2 to the number of expansion holes 3 can be adjusted according to the displacement and power requirements of the internal combustion engine cylinder 6 to adapt to the combustion requirements under different operating conditions. The ratio of the number of core holes 2 to the number of expansion holes 3 can be 1:4, 1:6, or 1:8.

[0050] Reference Figures 2 to 4 Both the core hole 2 and the expansion hole 3 have a regular hexagonal cross-sectional shape. The porous component 1 has a set of expansion holes 3, which includes six expansion holes 3. The six expansion holes 3 are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the core hole 2, with each side of the core hole 2 corresponding to one expansion hole 3. That is, the ratio of the number of core holes 2 to expansion holes 3 is 1:6.

[0051] The line connecting the center of any extended hole 3 and the center of the core hole 2 is the center line, and a pair of opposite sides of any extended hole 3 and a pair of opposite sides of the core hole 2 are perpendicular to the center line.

[0052] This configuration results in a highly symmetrical honeycomb structure for the porous component 1, which not only achieves maximum pore density within a limited radial space but also ensures uniform wall thickness between each extended pore 3 and the core pore 2. This is beneficial for the symmetry and balance of the heat conduction path, thereby ensuring that the heating rate of the ammonia mixture in each extended pore 3 is basically synchronized, avoiding problems such as delayed or premature local combustion disturbances.

[0053] Meanwhile, the design of the opposite sides of the core hole 2 and the opposite sides of the extended hole 3 being perpendicular to the center line allows the shared wall between adjacent holes to extend radially, maximizing the heat conduction area of ​​the wall and reducing thermal resistance. This effectively improves the heat transfer efficiency from the core hole 2 to the extended hole 3, thereby accelerating the circumferential synchronous triggering of chain combustion and enhancing the spatial expansion consistency of the initial flame core and the overall combustion stability.

[0054] In this embodiment, the side length of the regular hexagon is 1 to 2 millimeters, specifically, the side length of the regular hexagon is 1.5 millimeters.

[0055] While ensuring a sufficient cross-sectional area to accommodate the ammonia mixture, it can shield turbulence, concentrate heat, accelerate initial flame development, and improve ignition stability. Furthermore, it can limit energy dissipation caused by excessive flame propagation distance within a single orifice, concentrating initial combustion within a compact space and increasing local temperature and free radical concentration.

[0056] In the core hole 2 and each of the extended holes 3, the wall thickness between any two adjacent holes is 0.5 to 1 mm, specifically, the wall thickness between any two adjacent holes is 0.8 mm.

[0057] In this way, the structural strength of the porous component 1 can be maintained under high temperature and high pressure combustion environment to avoid thermal deformation or ablation failure, while achieving efficient heat conduction as much as possible. This allows the heat released by the combustion of the core hole 2 to be quickly transferred to the adjacent extended hole 3 through the shared wall, promoting the rapid heating and combustion of the ammonia mixture inside.

[0058] The axial dimension of the porous component 1 is the dimension of the porous component 1 along the axis of the core hole 2, and the axial dimension of the porous component 1 is 1~2 mm. Specifically, the axial dimension of the porous component 1 is 1.5 mm.

[0059] In this way, while ensuring that the core hole 2 and the extended hole 3 have a guiding function and enable the high-temperature flame to diffuse in a directional manner, it is possible to avoid the core hole 2 and the extended hole 3 being too long, which would lead to increased flow resistance or excessive heat loss along the axial direction. Thus, within a limited installation space, flame guiding efficiency, thermal management performance and structural compactness can be taken into account, which is conducive to the rapid establishment and stable development of the chain combustion path.

[0060] The porous component 1 includes a porous portion 8 and a connecting portion 5.

[0061] The porous section 8 has a disc-shaped structure, with both the core pore 2 and the extended pore 3 being through holes penetrating the porous section 8. This forms an interconnected array of micro-pre-combustion chambers, which facilitates the rapid axial penetration of the high-temperature flame into the combustion chamber, shortening the ignition delay. Moreover, the through-hole structure reduces the risk of pressure buildup inside the core pore 2 and the extended pore 3, improves thermal fatigue resistance during high-frequency ignition cycles, and helps unreacted intermediate products to be discharged in time with the airflow, reducing the risk of carbon buildup. This, in turn, maintains ignition reliability and the stability of chain combustion propagation during long-term operation.

[0062] The connecting part 5 is fixedly disposed on one side of the porous part 8, and the connecting part 5 is used to connect the combustion initiation part. When the connecting part 5 is connected to the combustion initiation part, it can be achieved by welding, bonding, riveting or threaded connection.

[0063] Specifically, the connecting part 5 can be configured as a ring structure, with one end of the connecting part 5 fixedly connected to the edge of the porous part 8, and the other end of the connecting part 5 used to connect to the combustion initiation part.

[0064] A perforated structure can be provided on the connecting part 5. The perforated structure can promote the flow disturbance of the ammonia mixture around the porous part 8, making it easier for fresh ammonia mixture to enter the core hole 2 and the extended hole 3, thereby providing a more sufficient supply of reactants for chain combustion propagation and further enhancing the flame stability and propagation speed in the early stage of ignition.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion initiation part includes a first metal shell and a central electrode 4.

[0066] The first metal casing serves as a grounding terminal. The porous component 1 is disposed on the first metal casing and is electrically connected to the first metal casing. This ensures that the porous component 1 remains stably at ground potential during discharge, preventing discharge position shifts or energy dispersion due to potential fluctuations.

[0067] The central electrode 4 is disposed on the first metal shell, and the central electrode 4 is in insulating contact with the first metal shell. The central electrode 4 corresponds to the core hole 2, and a discharge gap that can be broken down is formed between the central electrode 4 and the porous component 1.

[0068] The discharge gap is located directly above the core aperture 2, concentrating the electric spark energy between the central electrode 4 and the porous component 1 in the end region of the core aperture 2. This generates high-temperature plasma and a large number of free radicals at the moment of breakdown, effectively triggering the self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture. Simultaneously, since the porous component 1 directly constitutes one pole of the discharge circuit, its conductivity and geometry allow for precise control of the electric field distribution, improving discharge stability and repeatability. Furthermore, it seamlessly integrates with the subsequent chain combustion propagation mechanism from the core aperture 2 to the extended aperture 3, thereby significantly increasing the ignition success rate and the initial combustion development speed.

[0069] Compared to the hook-shaped electrode of the spark plug igniter in the prior art, the porous component 1 in this embodiment has an increased contact area with the ammonia mixture, which can improve the catalytic efficiency.

[0070] Specifically, the distance between the porous component 1 and the central electrode 4 can be 0.5~1.5 mm.

[0071] In other embodiments of the present invention, the combustion initiation portion includes a second metal casing and a heating element.

[0072] The porous component 1 is disposed on the second metal shell, the heating element is disposed on the second metal shell, the heating element corresponds to the core hole 2, and the heating element is used to generate a high temperature hot surface after being powered on.

[0073] The high-temperature hot surface provides stable and controllable heating to the ammonia mixture within the core pore 2 through continuous thermal radiation. Moreover, since the heating element can maintain a high temperature for an extended period, it facilitates the rapid initiation of self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture under low-temperature cold-start conditions and promotes the catalytic cracking reaction of ammonia molecules on the high-temperature hot surface, generating highly active hydrogen free radicals in situ, further reducing ignition delay and improving combustion response speed.

[0074] This type of ignition device does not require high-frequency high-voltage discharge, has low electromagnetic interference, high system reliability, and is tightly coupled with the heat conduction path of the porous component 1. It can efficiently trigger the chain combustion propagation from the core hole 2 to the extended hole 3, thereby achieving stable and continuous ignition performance.

[0075] Specifically, the distance between the porous component 1 and the heating element can be 0.5~1.5 mm.

[0076] In other embodiments of the present invention, the combustion initiation portion includes a third metal casing and a resonant cavity.

[0077] The porous component 1 is disposed within the third metal shell, and the resonant cavity is disposed within the third metal shell, with the outlet of the resonant cavity corresponding to the core aperture 2. The resonant cavity is used to generate a local strong electric field under microwave excitation to induce gas breakdown and generate plasma.

[0078] The plasma region is characterized by its large volume, high concentration of active particles, and uniform energy distribution. It can cover the entire area at both ends of the core aperture, expanding the initial flame formation area and effectively overcoming the ignition difficulties caused by the high ignition point and low reactivity of ammonia mixtures. Moreover, the non-equilibrium plasma generated by microwave excitation is rich in high-energy electrons, free radicals, and excited-state molecules, which can efficiently activate the chemical bonds of ammonia molecules at relatively low gas temperatures, promoting their decomposition and oxidation reactions and shortening the ignition delay.

[0079] In addition, the resonant cavity focuses microwave energy near the core aperture 2, ensuring precise plasma positioning and synergistic effect with the chain combustion of the porous component 1, enabling the high-temperature active products to rapidly ignite the mixed gas in the extended aperture 3, thereby achieving rapid, reliable and highly resistant multi-point synchronous ignition, and improving the ignition stability and combustion efficiency of the ammonia fuel internal combustion engine in a wide operating range.

[0080] Specifically, the distance between the porous component 1 and the resonant cavity outlet can be 0.5~1.5 mm.

[0081] In summary, the biomimetic honeycomb structure of the porous component 1 of the ignition device provided in this embodiment of the invention forms a micro pre-combustion chamber, which can shield turbulence, accumulate heat, and the narrow space enclosed by the high-temperature wall significantly shortens the initial flame development time. Stable ignition can still be achieved under pure ammonia conditions, solving the problem of ignition failure under low load conditions in the prior art.

[0082] The porous component 1, designed with a combination of nickel alloy material and honeycomb structure, increases the contact area between the ammonia mixture and the high-temperature surface. High-temperature pyrolysis and metal catalysis jointly improve the in-situ cracking rate of ammonia. The chain reaction from the inside to the outside of the honeycomb structure increases the combustion speed of the ammonia mixture, realizing a synergistic combustion mode of chain reaction and in-situ cracking. This improves ignition stability, combustion efficiency and catalytic cracking effect, and can fully leverage the clean and efficient advantages of ammonia fuel, shorten the combustion duration of ammonia fuel internal combustion engines, and improve engine thermal efficiency.

[0083] In addition, the ignition device provided in this embodiment of the invention has a simple structure. In particular, the porous component 1 can directly replace the hook-shaped outer electrode of the spark plug igniter in the prior art. It does not require major modifications to the core components of the internal combustion engine, such as the cylinder head and piston 7. It has strong adaptability and low improvement cost.

[0084] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide an internal combustion engine, including the ignition device provided in any of the above embodiments. The ignition device provided in any of the above embodiments can improve the ignition stability of the ammonia-fueled internal combustion engine. Therefore, the internal combustion engine provided in this embodiment has high ignition stability, and the clean and efficient advantages of ammonia fuel are fully utilized. The derivation process of the beneficial effects of the internal combustion engine in the embodiments of the present invention is largely similar to the derivation process of the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned ignition device, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ignition device, characterized in that, include: A porous component (1) has a core hole (2) and at least one set of extended holes (3), each set of extended holes (3) being distributed circumferentially along the core hole (2); A combustion initiation part is provided on one side of the porous component (1), and the combustion initiation part corresponds to the core hole (2). The combustion initiation part can trigger the self-sustaining combustion of the ammonia mixture in the core hole (2).

2. The ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the core hole (2) and the expansion hole (3) is a regular hexagon. The porous component (1) has a set of expansion holes (3), and the set of expansion holes (3) includes six expansion holes (3). The center of any one of the extended holes (3) and the center of the core hole (2) are connected by a straight line, and a pair of opposite sides of any one of the extended holes (3) and a pair of opposite sides of the core hole (2) are perpendicular to the line connecting the centers.

3. The ignition device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side length of the regular hexagon is 1~2 mm, and the wall thickness between any two adjacent core holes (2) and each of the extended holes (3) is 0.5~1 mm. The axial dimension of the porous component (1) is the dimension of the porous component (1) along the axis of the core hole (2), and the axial dimension of the porous component (1) is 1~2 mm.

4. The ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous component (1) is made of nickel-based alloy, ruthenium-based alloy, iridium-based alloy, platinum-based alloy or iron-based alloy; Alternatively, the sidewalls of the core pore (2) and the sidewalls of the extended pore (3) are provided with a catalyst layer, the catalyst layer comprising at least one of a nickel-based catalyst, a ruthenium-based catalyst, an iridium-based catalyst, a platinum-based catalyst, and an iron-based catalyst.

5. The ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the core hole (2) and the expansion hole (3) is triangular, circular, square or regular hexagonal.

6. The ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous component (1) includes: The porous part (8) has a disc-shaped structure, and the core hole (2) and the extended hole (3) are both through holes that penetrate the porous part (8); A connecting part (5) is fixedly disposed on one side of the porous part (8), and the connecting part (5) is used to connect the combustion initiation part.

7. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The combustion initiation section includes: A first metal casing is used as a grounding terminal, and the porous component (1) is disposed on the first metal casing and is electrically connected to the first metal casing. A central electrode (4) is disposed on the first metal shell. The central electrode (4) is in insulating contact with the first metal shell. The central electrode (4) corresponds to the core hole (2). A discharge gap that can be broken down is formed between the central electrode (4) and the porous component (1).

8. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The combustion initiation section includes: The second metal housing, wherein the porous element (1) is disposed on the second metal housing; A heating element is disposed on the second metal shell, the heating element corresponds to the core hole (2), and the heating element is used to generate a high-temperature hot surface after being powered on.

9. The ignition device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The combustion initiation section includes: A third metal housing, wherein the porous element (1) is disposed on the third metal housing; A resonant cavity is disposed in the third metal shell, and the outlet of the resonant cavity corresponds to the core hole (2). The resonant cavity is used to form a local strong electric field under microwave excitation to induce gas breakdown and generate plasma.

10. An internal combustion engine, characterized in that, Includes the ignition device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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