Heat energy driven data center waste heat recovery and refrigeration system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat energy driven data center waste heat recovery and refrigeration system and method. The system comprises a heat source, a heat user, a data center, an absorption type refrigeration unit and a natural cold source module. The data center waste heat recovery and refrigeration system has a double-effect absorption refrigeration mode, a single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, a single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, a partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode and a natural cooling mode. The waste heat generated by the data center is recycled, dependence on external energy is reduced, energy consumption is reduced, greenhouse gas emission is reduced, and the influence on the environment is relieved. The system can select the most suitable working mode according to different working conditions, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved. Through switching of different modes, the system can adapt to different environment temperatures and heat source conditions, and the flexibility and adaptability of application are improved. The operation cost is low, the electric energy consumption is low, and the maintenance cost and the operation cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology, specifically to a heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, data centers, as the core infrastructure supporting the operation of modern information society, have increasingly made energy consumption a focus of industry attention. Data centers generate a significant amount of heat during the processing of large volumes of data. If this heat is not effectively recovered and utilized, it will not only lead to energy waste but also exacerbate the environmental impact.

[0003] To address these issues, absorption heat pump technology, as a highly efficient method for utilizing low-grade heat energy, offers advantages such as low operating costs, low energy consumption, and few moving mechanical parts, providing new possibilities for energy conservation and waste heat recovery in data centers. However, existing absorption heat pump technologies still have certain limitations in their application to data center cooling or waste heat utilization, including low waste heat utilization efficiency, limited operating modes, insufficient system energy consumption optimization, insufficient adaptability to application scenarios, and poor flexibility in heat source configuration and heating. Summary of the Invention The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0004] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a thermally driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system.

[0005] The thermal energy driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention includes a heat source, a heat user, a data center, an absorption chiller unit and a natural cold source module. The absorption chiller unit includes a high-temperature generator, a low-temperature generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber. The data center waste heat recovery and cooling system has the following modes: In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the heat source is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit, both the high-temperature generator and the low-temperature absorber are in operation, the evaporator exchanges heat with the data center, and the natural cold source module exchanges heat with the condenser and the absorber. In a single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the heat source is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit, the high-temperature generator is running, the low-temperature generator is not running, the evaporator exchanges heat with the data center, and the natural cold source module exchanges heat with the condenser and the absorber. In a single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the heat source is connected to the absorption chiller unit, the high-temperature generator is running, the low-temperature generator is not running, the evaporator exchanges heat with the data center, and the heat user exchanges heat with the condenser and the absorber. In a partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the heat source is connected to the absorption chiller unit, the high-temperature generator is running, the low-temperature generator is not running, the evaporator and the natural cooling module exchange heat with the data center, and the heat user exchanges heat with the condenser and the absorber. In the natural cooling mode, both the high-temperature generator and the low-temperature generator stop operating, and the natural cooling source module exchanges heat with the data center.

[0006] In some embodiments, a heat-carrying working fluid circulation loop is formed between the heat source and the high-temperature generator. The absorber is connected to the low-temperature generator through a first pipeline to transport a dilute absorbent solution to the low-temperature generator for heat absorption and concentration. A first valve is provided on the first pipeline. The low-temperature generator is connected to the high-temperature generator through a second pipeline to transport an absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator for heat absorption and concentration. A second valve is provided on the second pipeline. The high-temperature generator is connected to the absorber through a third pipeline to transport a concentrated absorbent solution to the absorber for heat release and dilution. The absorber is connected to the high-temperature generator through a fourth pipeline to transport a dilute absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator for heat absorption and concentration. A third valve is provided on the fourth pipeline. In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve and the second valve are open and the third valve is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve and the second valve are closed and the third valve is open.

[0007] In some embodiments, the absorption chiller unit further includes a first regenerator and a second regenerator. The absorbent solution flowing out of the absorber is preheated by the first regenerator and then enters the low-temperature generator or the high-temperature generator. The absorbent solution flowing out of the low-temperature generator is preheated by the second regenerator and then enters the high-temperature generator. The absorbent solution flowing out of the high-temperature generator is precooled by the second regenerator and the first regenerator in sequence and then enters the absorber.

[0008] In some embodiments, the high-temperature generator is connected to the low-temperature generator via a first gas pipe to deliver refrigerant vapor to the low-temperature generator. A fourth valve is provided on the first gas pipe. The high-temperature generator is connected to the condenser via a second gas pipe to deliver refrigerant vapor to the condenser. A fifth valve is provided on the second gas pipe. In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve is open and the fifth valve is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve is closed and the fifth valve is open.

[0009] In some embodiments, the natural cold source module has a first cold water inlet and a first cold water outlet, the absorber has a second cold water inlet and a second cold water outlet, the condenser has a third cold water inlet and a third cold water outlet, the first cold water outlet is connected to the second cold water inlet via a first water pipe, the second cold water outlet is connected to the third cold water inlet, the third cold water outlet is connected to the first cold water inlet via a second water pipe, the first water pipe is provided with a sixth valve, and the second water pipe is provided with a seventh valve.

[0010] In some embodiments, the heat user has a hot water inlet and a hot water outlet. The hot water outlet is connected to the second cold water inlet via a third water pipe, and the hot water inlet is connected to the third cold water outlet via a fourth water pipe. An eighth valve is provided on the third water pipe, and a ninth valve is provided on the fourth water pipe. In the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the sixth and seventh valves are closed, and the eighth and ninth valves are open.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thermal energy-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of the present invention further includes a heat exchanger. A first coolant circulation loop is formed between the natural cold source module and the primary side channel of the heat exchanger, and a second coolant circulation loop is formed between the data center and the secondary side channel of the heat exchanger. A tenth valve is provided on the first coolant circulation loop, and an eleventh valve is provided on the second coolant circulation loop. In the natural cooling mode, both the high-temperature generator and the low-temperature generator stop operating, the first valve to the ninth valve are closed, and the tenth valve and the eleventh valve are open.

[0012] In some embodiments, during the partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the first valve, the second valve, the fourth valve, the sixth valve, and the seventh valve are closed, while the third valve, the fifth valve, and the eighth to eleventh valves are open.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thermal energy-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of the present invention further includes a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit. The first energy storage unit is connected to the heat source to store at least a portion of the heat energy of the heat source, and the second energy storage unit is connected to the heat user to store at least a portion of the heat energy of the heat user.

[0014] The present invention discloses a heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling method, which is applied to the heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system described in any of the above embodiments, and includes: The temperature of the heat source is Ts, the outdoor ambient temperature is Ta, and the cooling demand temperature is Tc. Determine if heating is needed; If heating is required, determine whether all waste heat needs to be recovered. If so, use a single-effect absorption cooling mode; otherwise, use a partial single-effect absorption cooling mode. If heating is not required, determine whether the natural cooling mode is met. If yes, the natural cooling mode is used. If not, determine whether the absorbent chiller unit can operate in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If yes, it operates in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If not, it operates in single-effect absorption refrigeration mode.

[0015] The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention utilizes a heat source to drive an absorption chiller unit for cooling and recovers waste heat generated by the data center. This reduces dependence on external energy sources, lowers energy consumption, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigates environmental impact. The system can select the most suitable operating mode according to different working conditions, improving heat energy utilization efficiency. By switching between different modes, the system can adapt to different ambient temperatures and heat source conditions, improving application flexibility and adaptability. It has low operating costs, low power consumption, and reduces maintenance costs and operating expenses. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dual-effect absorption cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-effect absorption refrigeration mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the natural cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a data center waste heat recovery and cooling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] 1. Heat source; 2. Heat user; 201. Hot water inlet; 202. Hot water outlet; 3. Data center; 4. Absorption chiller unit; 401. High-temperature generator; 402. Low-temperature generator; 403. Condenser; 4031. Third cold water inlet; 4032. Third cold water outlet; 404. Evaporator; 405. Absorber; 4051. Second cold water inlet; 4052. Second cold water outlet; 406. First regenerator; 407. Second regenerator; 5. Natural cold source module; 501. First cold water inlet; 502. First cold water outlet; 6. Heat transfer fluid circulation loop; 7. First pipeline; 8. Second pipeline; 9. Third pipeline; 1 0. Fourth pipe; 11. First air pipe; 12. Second air pipe; 13. Third water pipe; 14. Fourth water pipe; 15. First coolant circulation loop; 16. Second coolant circulation loop; 17. First energy storage unit; 18. Second energy storage unit; 19. Heat exchanger; 20. First water pipe; 21. Second water pipe; 22. Third coolant circulation loop; V1. First valve; V2. Second valve; V3. Third valve; V4. Fourth valve; V5. Fifth valve; V6. Sixth valve; V7. Seventh valve; V8. Eighth valve; V9. Ninth valve; V10. Tenth valve; V11. Eleventh valve; V12. Twelfth valve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this embodiment includes a heat source 1, a heat user 2, a data center 3, an absorption chiller unit 4, and a natural cold source module 5. The absorption chiller unit 4 includes a high-temperature generator 401, a low-temperature generator 402, a condenser 403, an evaporator 404, and an absorber 405.

[0028] The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention has the following modes: like Figure 2 As shown, in the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, heat source 1 is connected to absorption refrigeration unit 4, high-temperature generator 401 and low-temperature absorber 405 are both running, evaporator 404 exchanges heat with data center 3, and natural cold source module 5 exchanges heat with condenser 403 and absorber 405.

[0029] like Figure 3As shown, in the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, heat source 1 is connected to absorption refrigeration unit 4, high temperature generator 401 is running, low temperature generator 402 is not running, evaporator 404 exchanges heat with data center 3, and natural cold source module 5 exchanges heat with condenser 403 and absorber 405.

[0030] like Figure 4 As shown, in the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, heat source 1 is connected to absorption chiller 4, high temperature generator 401 is running, low temperature generator 402 is not running, evaporator 404 exchanges heat with data center 3, and heat user 2 exchanges heat with condenser 403 and absorber 405.

[0031] like Figure 5 As shown, in a partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, heat source 1 is connected to absorption chiller 4, high temperature generator 401 is running, low temperature generator 402 is not running, evaporator 404 and natural cooling module exchange heat with data center 3, and heat user 2 exchanges heat with condenser 403 and absorber 405.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, in natural cooling mode, both the high-temperature generator 401 and the low-temperature generator 402 stop operating, and the natural cold source module 5 exchanges heat with the data center 3.

[0033] When the heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention is in operation, Heat source 1 provides heat to absorption chiller unit 4 to drive the refrigeration cycle.

[0034] In the dual-effect absorption cooling mode, the high-temperature generator 401 and the low-temperature absorber 405 operate simultaneously, generating a cooling effect through the absorption chiller unit 4 and absorbing the heat generated by the data center 3. Simultaneously, the natural cold source module 5 exchanges heat with the condenser 403 and the absorber 405, improving the overall system's cooling efficiency. This mode operates under conditions where the driving heat source 1 has a high temperature and the outdoor ambient temperature is relatively low. In the dual-effect absorption cooling mode, the absorption chiller unit 4 achieves high cooling efficiency (both the cooling capacity of the evaporator 404 and the driving heat of the high-temperature generator 401).

[0035] In single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, only the high-temperature generator 401 works, which is suitable for situations where the temperature of heat source 1 is low or the outdoor ambient temperature is high. At this time, the double-effect absorption refrigeration mode cannot be operated. The natural cold source module 5 still participates in the heat exchange between the condenser 403 and the absorber 405, thereby improving the refrigeration efficiency of the entire system.

[0036] In the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the high-temperature generator 401 operates while the low-temperature generator 402 stops. The system converts the waste heat generated by the data center 3 into thermal energy to supply heat user 2. This mode operates when waste heat needs to be recovered to supply heat user 2. Driven by the heat source 1 (e.g., 120°C), the absorption chiller unit 4 can generate cooling capacity (e.g., 15°C) in the evaporator 404 and heat the heat transfer medium to a high temperature (e.g., 80°C) to achieve waste heat recovery for heating.

[0037] Some single-effect absorption waste heat recovery modes combine data center 3 heat exchange and natural cooling modules, and are suitable for seasons with lower heating demand, such as the early and late cold periods of the heating season. This mode operates during the early and late cold periods of the heating season when heating demand is low, the waste heat from data center 3 cannot be fully recovered, and the outdoor ambient temperature is sufficient for the computer room to cool naturally.

[0038] In natural cooling mode, heat source 1 is not used, and heat exchange is entirely dependent on natural cold source module 5 and data center 3. This mode operates under the condition that heating is not required and the outdoor ambient temperature is low enough to meet natural cooling requirements.

[0039] The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention utilizes heat source 1 to drive absorption chiller unit 4 for cooling and recovers waste heat generated by data center 3, reducing dependence on external energy, lowering energy consumption, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigating environmental impact. The system can select the most suitable operating mode according to different working conditions, improving heat energy utilization efficiency. Through different mode switching, the system can adapt to different ambient temperatures and heat source 1 conditions, improving application flexibility and adaptability. It has low operating costs, low power consumption, and reduces maintenance costs and operating expenses.

[0040] In some embodiments, a heat-carrying fluid circulation loop 6 is formed between the heat source 1 and the high-temperature generator 401. The absorber 405 is connected to the low-temperature generator 402 through a first pipe 7 to transport the dilute absorbent solution to the low-temperature generator 402 for heat absorption and concentration. A first valve V1 is provided on the first pipe 7. The low-temperature generator 402 is connected to the high-temperature generator 401 through a second pipe 8 to transport the absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator 401 for heat absorption and concentration. A second valve V2 is provided on the second pipe 8. The high-temperature generator 401 is connected to the absorber 405 through a third pipe 9 to transport the concentrated absorbent solution to the absorber 405 for heat release and dilution. The absorber 405 is connected to the high-temperature generator 401 through a fourth pipe 10 to transport the dilute absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator 401 for heat absorption and concentration. A third valve V3 is provided on the fourth pipe 10. In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 are open and the third valve V3 is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 are closed and the third valve V3 is open.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, in the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve V1 and the second valve V2 are open, and the dilute absorbent solution discharged from the absorber 405 passes sequentially through the low-temperature generator 402 and the high-temperature generator 401 for heat absorption and concentration. Simultaneously, the third valve V3 is closed to prevent the dilute absorbent solution from flowing directly back to the high-temperature generator 401. In other words, the low-temperature generator 402 and the high-temperature generator 401 operate simultaneously. Figure 3 As shown, in single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the dilute absorbent solution discharged from absorber 405 directly enters high-temperature generator 401 for heat absorption and concentration, which means that low-temperature generator 402 stops operating.

[0042] Therefore, the system can select the most suitable cooling mode based on actual needs and available heat source 1, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. By controlling the opening and closing of valves, the system can adapt to different working conditions and achieve flexible switching of operating modes. Operating in the appropriate mode can optimize the circulation efficiency of the absorbent solution and the cooling effect.

[0043] In some embodiments, the absorption chiller unit 4 further includes a first regenerator 406 and a second regenerator 407. The absorbent solution flowing out of the absorber 405 is preheated by the first regenerator 406 and then enters the low-temperature generator 402 or the high-temperature generator 401. The absorbent solution flowing out of the low-temperature generator 402 is preheated by the second regenerator 407 and then enters the high-temperature generator 401. The absorbent solution flowing out of the high-temperature generator 401 is precooled by the second regenerator 407 and the first regenerator 406 in sequence and then enters the absorber 405.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, the dilute absorbent solution flowing out of absorber 405 first passes through the first regenerator 406. During this process, it absorbs heat from the absorbent solution flowing out of high-temperature generator 401, thereby preheating and raising its temperature. The preheated absorbent solution then enters either low-temperature generator 402 or high-temperature generator 401.

[0045] The absorbent solution flowing out of the low-temperature generator 402 passes through the second regenerator 407, during which it absorbs heat from the absorbent solution flowing out of the high-temperature generator 401, thus becoming preheated. The preheated solution is then sent back to the high-temperature generator 401.

[0046] The concentrated absorbent solution flowing out of the high-temperature generator 401 passes sequentially through the second regenerator 407 and the first regenerator 406, during which the solution is pre-cooled. The pre-cooled absorbent solution then enters the absorber 405, ready to begin the next cycle.

[0047] Preheating the absorbent solution before it enters the generator reduces the heat input required by the generator, thereby improving the overall system thermal efficiency. The preheated absorbent solution absorbs heat more effectively in the generator, producing more cooling capacity and thus improving cooling efficiency. Because the absorbent solution is preheated before entering the generator, the heat required from the high-temperature heat source 1 is reduced, thus lowering the system's energy consumption. The regenerator balances temperature differences between different parts of the system, helping to maintain system stability. Through preheating and precooling strategies, the system's thermodynamic cycle is optimized, making the entire refrigeration and waste heat recovery process more efficient.

[0048] In some embodiments, the high-temperature generator 401 is connected to the low-temperature generator 402 through the first gas pipe 11 to deliver refrigerant vapor to the low-temperature generator 402. The first gas pipe 11 is provided with a fourth valve V4. The high-temperature generator 401 is connected to the condenser 403 through the second gas pipe 12 to deliver refrigerant vapor to the condenser 403. The second gas pipe 12 is provided with a fifth valve V5. In the double-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve V4 is open and the fifth valve V5 is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve V4 is closed and the fifth valve V5 is open.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, in the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the refrigerant vapor generated by the high-temperature generator 401 serves as heat source 1 and is transported to the low-temperature generator 402 through the first gas pipe 11. After heat exchange in the low-temperature generator 402, it enters the condenser 403, where it releases heat and condenses into refrigerant liquid. The refrigerant vapor generated by the low-temperature generator 402 also enters the condenser 403, where it releases heat and condenses into refrigerant liquid. The refrigerant liquid in the condenser 403 enters the evaporator 404, absorbs heat from the data center 3, and forms refrigerant vapor that enters the absorber 405. The refrigerant vapor exchanges heat with the concentrated absorbent solution from the high-temperature generator 401 in the absorber 405, forming a dilute absorbent solution.

[0050] Therefore, in the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fourth valve V4 is open, allowing refrigerant vapor generated by the high-temperature generator 401 to flow to the low-temperature generator 402, achieving a dual-effect refrigeration cycle. Simultaneously, the fifth valve V5 is closed, preventing refrigerant vapor from flowing directly to the condenser 403. In single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve V4 is closed, preventing refrigerant vapor in the high-temperature generator 401 from flowing to the low-temperature generator 402.

[0051] In single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, such as Figure 3 As shown, the fifth valve V5 is open, allowing the refrigerant vapor generated by the high-temperature generator 401 to flow directly to the condenser 403 for a single-effect refrigeration cycle. By precisely controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, the system can achieve more efficient cooling under different operating conditions.

[0052] Depending on the conditions of the heat source 1 and the ambient temperature, the system can flexibly switch cooling modes to adapt to different operating requirements. In dual-effect mode, the low-temperature generator 402 fully utilizes the heat from the heat source 1, improving the overall energy efficiency. In single-effect mode, by directly sending refrigerant vapor into the condenser 403, some heat conversion processes can be saved, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0053] In some embodiments, the natural cold source module 5 has a first cold water inlet 501 and a first cold water outlet 502, the absorber 405 has a second cold water inlet 4051 and a second cold water outlet 4052, and the condenser 403 has a third cold water inlet 4031 and a third cold water outlet 4032. The first cold water outlet 502 is connected to the second cold water inlet 4051 via a first water pipe 20, the second cold water outlet 4052 is connected to the third cold water inlet 4031, and the third cold water outlet 4032 is connected to the first cold water inlet 501 via a second water pipe 21. A sixth valve V6 is provided on the first water pipe 20, and a seventh valve V7 is provided on the second water pipe 21.

[0054] Natural cold source module 5 is responsible for utilizing low-temperature water sources in the external natural environment (such as cooling towers, groundwater, river water, etc.) for heat exchange. The first cold water inlet 501 receives cold water from the natural cold source module 5 and flows through the first water pipe 20 (controlled by the sixth valve V6) to the second cold water inlet 4051, entering the absorber 405 for heat exchange. The absorber 405 discharges warm water through the second cold water outlet 4052, which then flows to the third cold water inlet 4031 and enters the condenser 403 for heat exchange. The condenser 403 discharges even warmer water through the third cold water outlet 4032, which flows through the second water pipe 21 (controlled by the seventh valve V7) back to the first cold water inlet 501, completing one cycle.

[0055] The natural cold source module 5 exchanges heat with the condenser 403 and absorber 405, using a low-temperature water source to lower the temperature of the cold water in the condenser 403 and absorber 405, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. When cooling using the natural cold source is required, the sixth valve V6 and the seventh valve V7 open or close according to the actual needs of the system to adjust the flow direction and flow rate of the cold water.

[0056] By utilizing natural cooling sources, the system can lower the temperature of the cooling water and reduce the compression work of the refrigerant, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. Based on ambient temperature and heat source conditions, the system can flexibly adjust the use of chilled water circulation to achieve optimal heat exchange. At lower ambient temperatures, the system can rely more on natural cooling sources, reducing reliance on mechanical refrigeration and thus saving energy. Through precise control of the chilled water circulation, the system can optimize the heat exchange process and improve the efficiency of cooling and waste heat recovery.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, heat user 2 has a hot water inlet 201 and a hot water outlet 202. The hot water outlet 202 is connected to the second cold water inlet 4051 via a third water pipe 13, and the hot water inlet 201 is connected to the third cold water outlet 4032 via a fourth water pipe 14. An eighth valve V8 is installed on the third water pipe 13, and a ninth valve V9 is installed on the fourth water pipe 14. In the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the sixth valve V6 and the seventh valve V7 are closed, and the eighth valve V8 and the ninth valve V9 are open.

[0058] In single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, valves V6 and V7 are closed, stopping heat exchange between the natural cold source module 5 and the absorber 405 and condenser 403. Valve V8 and V9 are opened, allowing hot water from heat user 2 module to exchange heat with absorber 405, achieving waste heat recovery. By using the waste heat generated by absorption chiller unit 4 for heating or other heat demands, the system can more effectively utilize the waste heat generated by data center 3. The system can flexibly adjust the use of hot water circulation according to the needs of heat user 2 to provide a stable hot water supply. During heating seasons, the system can utilize the waste heat generated by data center 3 to provide hot water, reducing dependence on external energy and thus saving energy. By precisely controlling the hot water circulation, the system can optimize the heat exchange process and improve the efficiency of waste heat recovery. This design enables the system to provide not only cooling but also hot water, improving the system's versatility and practicality.

[0059] In some embodiments, the heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of this invention further includes a heat exchanger 19. A first coolant circulation loop 15 is formed between the natural cold source module 5 and the primary side channel of the heat exchanger 19, and a second coolant circulation loop 16 is formed between the data center 3 and the secondary side channel of the heat exchanger 19. A tenth valve V10 is provided on the first coolant circulation loop 15, and an eleventh valve V11 is provided on the second coolant circulation loop 16. In natural cooling mode, both the high-temperature generator 401 and the low-temperature generator 402 stop operating, the first valve V1 to the ninth valve V9 are closed, and the tenth valve V10 and the eleventh valve V11 are open.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, the natural cooling source module 5 is connected to the primary side channel of the heat exchanger 19, forming a first coolant circulation loop 15. After being cooled in the natural cooling source module 5, the coolant flows to the primary side channel of the heat exchanger 19 under the control of the tenth valve V10. The data center 3 is connected to the secondary side channel of the heat exchanger 19, forming a second coolant circulation loop 16. After absorbing heat in the data center 3, the coolant flows to the secondary side channel of the heat exchanger 19 under the control of the eleventh valve V11. In the heat exchanger 19, the coolant exchanges heat between the two channels, cooling the heat generated by the data center 3, while being cooled by the natural cooling source module 5, completing one cycle.

[0061] In natural cooling mode, the high-temperature generator 401 and the low-temperature generator 402 stop operating and cease refrigeration cycling. Valve V1 through valve V9 are closed, stopping the operation of the absorption chiller unit 4. Valve V10 and valve V11 are opened, allowing coolant to circulate between the natural cooling source module 5 and the data center 3, achieving natural cooling.

[0062] Through heat exchanger 19 and the coolant circulation loop, the system can more effectively transfer the heat generated by data center 3 to the natural cooling source, improving cooling efficiency. Based on the ambient temperature and the heat load of data center 3, the system can flexibly adjust the coolant flow to achieve optimal natural cooling. When the ambient temperature is low, the system can rely more on natural cooling, reducing reliance on mechanical refrigeration and thus saving energy. By precisely controlling the coolant circulation, the system can optimize the heat exchange process and improve cooling performance.

[0063] In some embodiments, in the partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the fourth valve V4, the sixth valve V6 and the seventh valve V7 are closed, and the third valve V3, the fifth valve V5 and the eighth valve V8 to the eleventh valve V11 are open.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, in this mode, the high-temperature generator 401 operates, using the waste heat generated by the data center 3 to heat the absorbent solution, thus achieving waste heat recovery. Simultaneously, the data center 3 exchanges heat with the natural cooling module through an open valve, utilizing the natural cooling effect to lower the temperature of the data center 3. The heat user 2 module connects to the absorption chiller unit 4 through an open valve, receiving hot water heated by the absorption chiller unit 4 for heating or other heat needs.

[0065] During the early and late cold periods of the heating season, this mode operates during these times when heating demand is low and it is impossible to fully recover the waste heat from Data Center 3. At this time, the outdoor ambient temperature is sufficient for natural cooling of the server room. Even without fully recovering the waste heat from Data Center 3, the natural cooling module can effectively reduce the temperature of Data Center 3, thus reducing the need for mechanical refrigeration.

[0066] In some embodiments, the thermal energy driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system of the present invention further includes a first energy storage unit 17 and a second energy storage unit 18. The first energy storage unit 17 is connected to the heat source 1 to store at least a portion of the thermal energy of the heat source 1, and the second energy storage unit 18 is connected to the heat user 2 to store at least a portion of the thermal energy of the heat user 2.

[0067] like Figure 7 As shown, the first energy storage unit 17 is connected to the heat source 1 and is used to store at least a portion of the thermal energy from the heat source 1. The heat source 1 can be waste heat generated by the data center 3 or externally supplied thermal energy. The second energy storage unit 18 is connected to the heat user 2 and is used to store at least a portion of the thermal energy from the heat user 2. The heat user 2 can be a heating system, a domestic hot water system, or other applications that require thermal energy.

[0068] The first energy storage unit 17 stores excess heat energy when heat source 1 generates heat energy. This ensures that even when heat source 1's heat supply is insufficient, the system can still extract heat energy from the storage unit, guaranteeing a continuous heat supply. The second energy storage unit 18 stores excess heat energy when heat user 2's demand is low. This allows the system to extract heat energy from the storage unit to meet heat user 2's heating needs when heat user 2's demand increases.

[0069] By storing excess heat energy, the system can release heat energy when needed, improving heat energy utilization efficiency. The energy storage unit can flexibly adjust the storage and release of heat energy according to heat energy demand and supply conditions, improving the system's adaptability. The energy storage unit can help the system balance heat energy supply and demand, optimize system operation, and improve overall system performance. The energy storage unit can provide a stable heat energy supply when the supply from heat source 1 is unstable or the demand from heat user 2 fluctuates, improving system reliability.

[0070] The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling method according to embodiments of the present invention, such as... Figure 9 As shown, this method is applied to a heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system in any of the above embodiments, including: Obtain the temperature Ts of heat source 1, the outdoor ambient temperature Ta, and the cooling demand temperature Tc; Determine if heating is needed; If heating is required, determine whether all waste heat needs to be recovered. If so, use a single-effect absorption cooling mode; otherwise, use a partial single-effect absorption cooling mode. If heating is not required, determine whether the natural cooling mode is met. If yes, the natural cooling mode is used. If not, determine whether the absorbent chiller unit can operate in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If yes, it operates in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If not, it operates in single-effect absorption refrigeration mode.

[0071] By selecting the most suitable cooling mode based on actual needs and available heat source 1, the system's energy utilization efficiency can be significantly improved. The system can flexibly switch between different cooling modes according to varying operating conditions and requirements, enhancing its adaptability and reliability. Operating in the appropriate mode optimizes the circulation efficiency of the absorbent solution and the cooling effect. Precise control of the cooling mode reduces system complexity and potential failure points, thereby reducing maintenance requirements. Optimizing heat utilization and cooling effect reduces the operating costs of data center 3, improving economic efficiency.

[0072] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0073] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0074] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0075] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0076] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system, characterized in that, include: Heat source (1), heat user (2), data center (3), absorption chiller (4) and natural cold source module (5), wherein the absorption chiller (4) includes a high temperature generator (401), a low temperature generator (402), a condenser (403), an evaporator (404) and an absorber (405). The data center waste heat recovery and cooling system has the following modes: In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the heat source (1) is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit (4), the high-temperature generator (401) and the low-temperature absorber (405) are both running, the evaporator (404) exchanges heat with the data center (3), and the natural cold source module (5) exchanges heat with the condenser (403) and the absorber (405). In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the heat source (1) is connected to the absorption refrigeration unit (4), the high-temperature generator (401) is running, the low-temperature generator (402) is not running, the evaporator (404) exchanges heat with the data center (3), and the natural cold source module (5) exchanges heat with the condenser (403) and the absorber (405). In the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the heat source (1) is connected to the absorption chiller (4), the high temperature generator (401) is running, the low temperature generator (402) is not running, the evaporator (404) exchanges heat with the data center (3), and the heat user (2) exchanges heat with the condenser (403) and the absorber (405). In a partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the heat source (1) is connected to the absorption chiller unit (4), the high-temperature generator (401) is running, the low-temperature generator (402) is not running, the evaporator (404) and the natural cooling module exchange heat with the data center (3), and the heat user (2) exchanges heat with the condenser (403) and the absorber (405). In the natural cooling mode, both the high-temperature generator (401) and the low-temperature generator (402) stop operating, and the natural cold source module (5) exchanges heat with the data center (3).

2. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat-carrying working fluid circulation loop (6) is formed between the heat source (1) and the high-temperature generator (401). The absorber (405) is connected to the low-temperature generator (402) through a first pipeline (7) to transport the dilute absorbent solution to the low-temperature generator (402) for heat absorption and concentration. A first valve (V1) is provided on the first pipeline (7). The low-temperature generator (402) is connected to the high-temperature generator (401) through a second pipeline (8) to transport the absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator (401) for heat absorption and concentration. A second valve (V2) is provided on the second pipeline (8). The high-temperature generator (401) is connected to the high-temperature generator (401) through a third pipeline (9). The absorber (405) is connected to the absorber (405) to deliver a concentrated absorbent solution to the absorber (405) for exothermic dilution. The absorber (405) is connected to the high-temperature generator (401) through a fourth pipe (10) to deliver a dilute absorbent solution to the high-temperature generator (401) for endothermic concentration. A third valve (V3) is provided on the fourth pipe (10). In the dual-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve (V1) and the second valve (V2) are open and the third valve (V3) is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the first valve (V1) and the second valve (V2) are closed and the third valve (V3) is open.

3. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The absorption chiller unit (4) further includes a first regenerator (406) and a second regenerator (407). The absorbent solution flowing out of the absorber (405) is preheated by the first regenerator (406) and then enters the low-temperature generator (402) or the high-temperature generator (401). The absorbent solution flowing out of the low-temperature generator (402) is preheated by the second regenerator (407) and then enters the high-temperature generator (401). The absorbent solution flowing out of the high-temperature generator (401) is precooled by the second regenerator (407) and the first regenerator (406) in sequence and then enters the absorber (405).

4. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-temperature generator (401) is connected to the low-temperature generator (402) through a first gas pipe (11) to deliver refrigerant vapor to the low-temperature generator (402). A fourth valve (V4) is provided on the first gas pipe (11). The high-temperature generator (401) is connected to the condenser (403) through a second gas pipe (12) to deliver refrigerant vapor to the condenser (403). A fifth valve (V5) is provided on the second gas pipe (12). In the double-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve (V4) is open and the fifth valve (V5) is closed. In the single-effect absorption refrigeration mode, the fourth valve (V4) is closed and the fifth valve (V5) is open.

5. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The natural cold source module (5) has a first cold water inlet (501) and a first cold water outlet (502), the absorber (405) has a second cold water inlet (4051) and a second cold water outlet (4052), the condenser (403) has a third cold water inlet (4031) and a third cold water outlet (4032), the first cold water outlet (502) is connected to the second cold water inlet (4051) through a first water pipe (20), the second cold water outlet (4052) is connected to the third cold water inlet (4031), the third cold water outlet (4032) is connected to the first cold water inlet (501) through a second water pipe (21), the first water pipe (20) is provided with a sixth valve (V6), and the second water pipe (21) is provided with a seventh valve (V7).

6. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat user (2) has a hot water inlet (201) and a hot water outlet (202). The hot water outlet (202) is connected to the second cold water inlet (4051) through a third water pipe (13). The hot water inlet (201) is connected to the third cold water outlet (4032) through a fourth water pipe (14). An eighth valve (V8) is provided on the third water pipe (13), and a ninth valve (V9) is provided on the fourth water pipe (14). In the single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the sixth valve (V6) and the seventh valve (V7) are closed, and the eighth valve (V8) and the ninth valve (V9) are open.

7. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a heat exchanger (19), a first coolant circulation loop (15) is formed between the natural cold source module (5) and the primary side channel of the heat exchanger (19), and a second coolant circulation loop (16) is formed between the data center (3) and the secondary side channel of the heat exchanger (19). The first coolant circulation loop (15) is provided with a tenth valve (V10), and the second coolant circulation loop (16) is provided with an eleventh valve (V11). In the natural cooling mode, the high temperature generator (401) and the low temperature generator (402) All stop operating, the first valve (V1) to the ninth valve (V9) are closed, and the tenth valve (V10) and the eleventh valve (V11) are opened. In the partial single-effect absorption waste heat recovery mode, the first valve (V1), the second valve (V2), the fourth valve (V4), the sixth valve (V6) and the seventh valve (V7) are closed, and the third valve (V3), the fifth valve (V5) and the eighth valve (V8) to the eleventh valve (V11) are opened.

8. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third coolant circulation loop (22) is formed between the data center (3) and the evaporator (404), and a twelfth valve (V12) is provided on the third coolant circulation loop.

9. The heat-driven data center waste heat recovery and cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first energy storage unit (17) is connected to the heat source (1) to store at least a portion of the thermal energy of the heat source (1); and / or A second energy storage unit (18) is connected to the heat user (2) to store at least a portion of the heat energy of the heat user (2).

10. A thermally driven waste heat recovery and cooling method for data centers, the method being applied to the thermally driven waste heat recovery and cooling system for data centers according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Obtain the temperature Ts of the heat source (1), the outdoor ambient temperature Ta, and the cooling demand temperature Tc; Determine if heating is needed; If heating is required, determine whether all waste heat needs to be recovered. If so, use a single-effect absorption cooling mode; otherwise, use a partial single-effect absorption cooling mode. If heating is not required, determine whether the natural cooling mode is met. If yes, the natural cooling mode is used. If not, determine whether the absorbent chiller unit can operate in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If yes, it operates in double-effect absorption refrigeration mode. If not, it operates in single-effect absorption refrigeration mode.

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