A reverse flushing high-efficiency electric discharge machining device and machining method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-efficiency electrical discharge machining (EDM) device and method with reverse flushing, belonging to the field of EDM technology. It includes an electrode tube body, electrode rotation direction, electrode inlet flushing fluid, electrode outlet flushing fluid, outer flushing fluid, main reverse flushing fluid, cavity-type workpiece, material removal, discharge erosion of particulate matter (I), electrode tube working end face, electrode tube feed motion, end face discharge area, forming electrode body, electrode feed motion, inlet reverse flushing fluid, outlet reverse flushing fluid, discharge erosion of particulate matter (II), forming electrode working end face, forming electrode discharge area, and workpiece inner cavity surface. The discharge power supply has a positive and a negative terminal. The negative terminal is connected to the electrode tube body or the forming electrode body, and the positive terminal is connected to the cavity-type workpiece. This invention has the technical effects of preventing erosion particles from adhering to the workpiece inner cavity, reducing the thickness of the recast layer on the machined surface, simplifying the electrode structure, improving machining stability, and enhancing machining quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrical discharge machining technology, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency reverse-flushing discharge machining device and machining method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing high-efficiency electrical discharge milling (EDM) or arc milling processes typically use hollow electrode tubes, such as brass tubes, graphite tubes, or copper-tungsten alloy tubes. During machining, internal flushing fluid flows through the inner hole of the electrode tube, propelling the fluid along the electrode axis or spindle axis towards the workpiece. Sometimes, external flushing fluid is also used to cool the workpiece and flush away particles removed by electrical discharge. The external flushing fluid completely covers the circumference of the electrode or partially covers the electrode, flowing towards the workpiece along the axial direction, or at a certain angle to the electrode axis. Alternatively, clustered electrodes can be used, with flushing fluid flowing from inside or between the electrodes along the electrode axis towards the workpiece, providing strong internal and external flushing. Liquid can effectively flush away discharge erosion in the discharge area, achieving efficient material removal. For example, the internal or external flushing methods proposed in the patents "Anti-short-circuit porous high-efficiency flushing electrode for arc discharge machining (CN108620699B)," "Flushing system for high-speed arc discharge milling (CN102990172A)," "An external flushing device for short arc equipment (CN217193211U)," and "Stacked internal flushing forming electrode for high-speed discharge machining (CN102773572B)" all employ flushing from the electrode end to the workpiece end.

[0003] Currently, high-efficiency electrical discharge milling or arc milling often uses hollow electrode tubes. The purpose is twofold: firstly, the internal coolant can cool the electrode; secondly, the internal coolant can force the eroded material in the discharge area to be flushed away from the center of the electrode discharge end face outwards, thus achieving efficient material removal; at the same time, the external flushing fluid can cool the workpiece and reduce the adhesion of discharge erosion particles to the workpiece surface.

[0004] However, when machining cavity-type parts with surface quality requirements, high-pressure internal or external cooling fluid can flush discharge erosion particles into the workpiece cavity, where they adhere in large quantities, thus affecting machining quality and increasing the need for additional removal processes and costs for foreign objects inside and outside the cavity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a high-efficiency reverse flushing electro-discharge machining device and method, which has the advantages of blocking and removing particles adhering to the inner cavity of the workpiece, reducing the thickness of the recast layer, simplifying the electrode structure, improving machining stability, and reducing post-processing steps. It solves the problems of slag accumulation in the inner cavity of cavity parts, poor surface finish, and high material costs in the prior art when the electrode is flushed with liquid.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: a high-efficiency reverse flushing discharge machining device includes a discharge power supply, a rotary drive mechanism, an electrode tube feed drive mechanism, and a forming electrode feed drive mechanism. It also includes an electrode tube body, an electrode rotation direction, an electrode inlet flushing system, an electrode outlet flushing system, an outer flushing system, a main reverse flushing system, a cavity-type workpiece, material removal, a discharge erosion of particulate matter (I), an electrode tube working end face, an electrode tube feed motion, an end face discharge area, a forming electrode body, an electrode feed motion, an inlet reverse flushing system, an outlet reverse flushing system, a discharge erosion of particulate matter (II), a forming electrode working end face, a forming electrode discharge area, and a workpiece inner cavity surface. The discharge power supply has a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The negative terminal is connected to the electrode tube body or the forming electrode body, and the positive terminal is connected to the cavity-type workpiece.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the electrode tube body to limit the rotation direction of the electrode and drive the electrode tube body to rotate. The supply pipeline for the flushing fluid at the electrode inlet is connected to the hollow channel inside the electrode tube body, and the end of the hollow channel forms the flushing fluid flow channel at the electrode outlet, extending to the working end face of the electrode tube. An end face discharge area is formed between the working end face of the electrode tube and the cavity-like workpiece, and a forming electrode discharge area is formed between the working end face of the forming electrode and the cavity-like workpiece. The external flushing fluid spraying mechanism is arranged around the outside of the electrode tube body, and the sprayed external flushing fluid is directed towards the end face discharge area. One end of the flushing fluid flow channel of the cavity-like workpiece is connected to... The inlet reverse flushing fluid pipeline forms an outlet reverse flushing fluid flow channel at the other end. The inlet reverse flushing fluid pipeline is connected to the main reverse flushing fluid supply pipeline. The main reverse flushing fluid flows from the inner cavity of the cavity-type workpiece outward to the end face discharge area or the forming electrode discharge area. The electrode tube feed drive mechanism is used to drive the electrode tube body to generate electrode tube feed movement. Discharge erosion particles are generated in the end face discharge area. The forming electrode feed drive mechanism is used to drive the forming electrode body to generate electrode feed movement. Discharge erosion particles are generated in the forming electrode discharge area. The cavity-type workpiece contains material to be removed. The inner sidewall of the cavity-type workpiece forms the inner cavity surface of the workpiece.

[0008] With this configuration, the present invention differs from the traditional structure that only delivers flushing fluid from the electrode to the workpiece. It adds an independent main and reverse flushing fluid supply pipeline that connects to the inner cavity of the workpiece, and constructs a bidirectional flushing structure in which reverse flushing fluid is output from the inner cavity of the workpiece and forward flushing fluid is output from the electrode. The workpiece-side flushing fluid flushes the discharge area from the inside of the cavity, preventing the accumulation and adhesion of erosion particles to the inner cavity from the source. At the same time, the inner and outer flushing fluids on the electrode side can simultaneously cool the electrode and assist in chip removal. The two flushing systems work together to stabilize the discharge machining environment.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spray outlet of the external flushing liquid spraying mechanism is a closed annular or annular array nozzle structure, the external flushing liquid can be sprayed synchronously with the electrode tube body or fixedly, and the spraying direction of the external flushing liquid is parallel to or at an inclined angle to the axis of the electrode tube body.

[0010] This setup allows for diverse external flushing fluid spray structures to adapt to different processing conditions. The rotary external flushing fluid can achieve all-round cooling and chip removal around the electrode circumference, while the fixed tilting nozzle can directionally flush away accumulated chips in the gaps, flexibly adapting to the processing needs of electrode tubes of different diameters and cavities of varying depths.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the direction of the electrode feed movement is vertical feed from top to bottom or lateral feed along the side of the cavity-type workpiece, used to remove the material by electrical discharge machining.

[0012] With this setup, the forming electrode has two feeding modes: it can process blind holes and closed cavities from top to bottom, or it can feed from the side to process open cavities on the side, making the device suitable for processing a wider range of workpiece types.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area where the material to be removed from the cavity-type workpiece is located is an open cavity or a closed cavity.

[0014] With this setting, regardless of whether the workpiece cavity is completely closed, has a single-sided opening, or is fully open, reverse flushing fluid can be introduced through the workpiece's own flow channel or process hole, making it suitable for most rough machining scenarios of cavity-type metal parts.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flushing channel of the cavity-type workpiece is formed by the cavity of the workpiece itself, or by a process hole that does not damage the original structural features of the workpiece.

[0016] This setting offers high versatility.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high-pressure jetting main and reverse flushing fluid is flushed outward from the inner cavity of the workpiece, so that a fluid isolation layer is formed on the surface of the inner cavity of the workpiece, which is used to block the discharge erosion particulate matter one and discharge erosion particulate matter two from adhering to the surface of the inner cavity of the workpiece, and effectively reduces the thickness of the recast layer on the surface of the workpiece after processing.

[0018] With this setting, during processing, the output pressure of the main and reverse flushing fluid is controlled to be higher than the pressure of the internal and external flushing fluid at the electrode outlet. The high-pressure fluid continuously covers the inner wall of the workpiece to form an isolation barrier, preventing molten metal particles from adhering to the inner cavity surface and fundamentally ensuring the original surface quality of the inner cavity.

[0019] A reverse-flushing high-efficiency electrical discharge machining method, applicable to the aforementioned reverse-flushing high-efficiency electrical discharge machining apparatus, includes the following steps: S1. Workpiece clamping and pipeline wiring: Fix and clamp the cavity-type workpiece, seal and connect the main and reverse flushing fluid supply pipeline to the inner cavity flushing fluid flow channel of the cavity-type workpiece, connect the electrode tube body / forming electrode body to the negative terminal of the power supply, and connect the cavity-type workpiece to the positive terminal of the power supply. S2. Flushing system start: Start the supply pipeline of flushing fluid inside the electrode inlet, the injection mechanism of external flushing fluid, and the supply pipeline of main and reverse flushing fluid. Adjust the pressure and flow rate of each branch to ensure high pressure of main and reverse flushing fluid. S3. Electrode feed to establish discharge gap: When the electrode tube body is selected, the rotary drive mechanism is started to drive the electrode tube body to rotate along the electrode rotation direction. At the same time, the electrode tube body is fed through the electrode tube feed drive mechanism. When the forming electrode body is selected, the forming electrode body is fed through the forming electrode feed drive mechanism. The electrode working end face is close to the cavity-type workpiece to form a discharge gap. S4. Discharge Erosion and Reverse Fluid Removal: The working fluid in the breakdown gap of the discharge power supply generates high-temperature melting discharge erosion of particles. The main reverse fluid rushes from the inner cavity of the workpiece to the discharge area, carrying particles and moving them away from the electrode surface of the inner cavity of the workpiece. The inner and outer fluids at the electrode outlet carry the particles away from the discharge area. S5. Continuously control the electrode feed motion to remove the material inside the cavity-type workpiece layer by layer until the cavity is machined to the target size; S6. Finishing and cleaning: Turn off the power, keep the flushing fluid flowing for a period of time to flush and clean the cavity residue, then retract the electrode, disconnect the flushing fluid pipeline and disassemble the cavity workpiece.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge power supply is a pulsed DC power supply or a DC power supply, and the positive and negative terminals of the power supply can be interchanged.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Significantly improves the machining quality of the inner cavity of cavity-type workpieces: High-pressure main and reverse flushing fluid forms a fluid isolation layer on the inner cavity surface of the workpiece, effectively blocking the discharge melting and erosion of particulate matter adhering to the inner cavity wall, effectively reducing the thickness of the recast layer on the workpiece surface, and obtaining good inner cavity surface quality without secondary grinding and cleaning; Reduce overall processing costs: Eliminate the additional slag removal processes such as pickling, grinding, and high-pressure rinsing after cavity processing, shorten the total processing time, and simplify electrode processing and manufacturing by eliminating the need for complex multi-hole and multi-groove flushing channels. At the same time, reduce electrode scouring and wear, and lower electrode consumable replacement costs. Improve the stability and material removal efficiency of electrical discharge machining: The reverse flushing fluid of the workpiece and the internal and external flushing fluids of the electrode side form a two-way synergistic chip removal system, which can quickly empty the accumulated chips in the discharge gap, continuously maintain a stable discharge state, and improve the removal rate of large margin roughing in the cavity. The device is highly versatile: one set of equipment can switch between two processing modes, rotating electrode tube and forming electrode, and is compatible with various open and closed cavity workpieces. The forming electrode supports two feeding methods, vertical and lateral, and is suitable for a variety of high-efficiency electrical discharge machining processes such as EDM and arc forming. Uniform cooling of the workpiece and electrode results in higher machining dimensional accuracy: The reverse flushing fluid directly contacts the machining surface of the workpiece cavity to achieve continuous cooling, while the electrode-side flushing fluid cools the electrode synchronously, effectively suppressing high-temperature thermal deformation of the workpiece and electrode and ensuring the consistency of the cavity machining dimensions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of high-efficiency discharge machining using an electrode tube in reverse flushing provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the high-efficiency discharge machining principle using a shaped electrode in reverse flushing, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Electrode tube body; 2. Electrode rotation direction; 3. Electrode inlet flushing fluid; 4. Electrode outlet flushing fluid; 5. Outer flushing fluid; 6. Main and reverse flushing fluid; 7. Cavity-type workpiece; 8. Material removal; 9. Discharge erosion of particulate matter I; 10. Electrode tube working end face; 11. Electrode tube feed motion; 12. Power supply negative terminal; 13. Power supply positive terminal; 14. End face discharge area; 15. Forming electrode body; 16. Electrode feed motion; 17. Inlet reverse flushing fluid; 18. Outlet reverse flushing fluid; 19. Discharge erosion of particulate matter II; 20. Forming electrode working end face; 21. Forming electrode discharge area; 22. Workpiece inner cavity surface. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To further understand the invention's content, features, and effects, the following embodiments are provided, and detailed descriptions are given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The structure of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] refer to Figures 1 to 2As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a high-efficiency discharge machining device with reverse flushing, including a discharge power supply, a rotary drive mechanism, an electrode tube feed drive mechanism, and a forming electrode feed drive mechanism. It also includes an electrode tube body 1, an electrode rotation direction 2, an electrode inlet flushing fluid 3, an electrode outlet flushing fluid 4, an outer flushing fluid 5, a main reverse flushing fluid 6, a cavity-like workpiece 7, a material to be removed 8, a discharge erosion particulate matter 9, an electrode tube working end face 10, an electrode tube feed motion 11, an end face discharge area 14, a forming electrode body 15, an electrode feed motion 16, an inlet reverse flushing fluid 17, an outlet reverse flushing fluid 18, a discharge erosion particulate matter 19, a forming electrode working end face 20, a forming electrode discharge area 21, and a workpiece inner cavity surface 22. The discharge power supply has a positive power terminal 13 and a negative power terminal 12. The negative power terminal 12 is connected to the electrode tube body 1 or the forming electrode body 15, and the positive power terminal 13 is connected to the cavity-like workpiece 7.

[0027] Specifically, the rotary drive mechanism is connected to the electrode tube body 1 to limit the electrode rotation direction 2 and drive the electrode tube body 1 to rotate. The supply pipeline of the electrode inlet flushing liquid 3 is connected to the hollow channel inside the electrode tube body 1, and the end of the hollow channel forms the electrode outlet flushing liquid 4 flow channel and extends to the working end face 10 of the electrode tube. The working end face 10 of the electrode tube and the cavity-like workpiece 7 form an end face discharge area 14. The working end face 20 of the forming electrode and the cavity-like workpiece 7 form a forming electrode discharge area 21. The spraying mechanism of the external flushing liquid 5 is arranged around the outside of the electrode tube body 1, and the sprayed external flushing liquid 5 is directed towards the end face discharge area 14. One end of the flushing liquid flow channel of the cavity-like workpiece 7 is connected to the inlet reverse flushing liquid 1. 7. The other end forms an outlet reverse flushing fluid 18 flow channel. The inlet reverse flushing fluid 17 is connected to the supply pipeline of the main reverse flushing fluid 6. The main reverse flushing fluid 6 flows from the inner cavity of the cavity-like workpiece 7 outward to the end face discharge area 14 or the forming electrode discharge area 21. The electrode tube feeding drive mechanism is used to drive the electrode tube body 1 to generate electrode tube feeding movement 11. Discharge erosion particles 9 are generated in the end face discharge area 14. The forming electrode feeding drive mechanism is used to drive the forming electrode body 15 to generate electrode feeding movement 16. Discharge erosion particles 29 are generated in the forming electrode discharge area 21. The cavity-like workpiece 7 has material 8 to be removed. The inner sidewall of the cavity-like workpiece 7 forms the workpiece inner cavity surface 22.

[0028] By adopting the above scheme, the present invention differs from the traditional structure that only delivers flushing fluid from the electrode to the workpiece. It adds an independent main and reverse flushing fluid supply pipeline 6 that connects to the inner cavity of the workpiece, and constructs a bidirectional flushing structure in which the inner cavity of the workpiece outputs reverse flushing fluid outward and the electrode outputs forward flushing fluid inward. The workpiece-side flushing fluid flushes the discharge area from the inside of the cavity, thus preventing the accumulation and adhesion of erosion particles to the inner cavity from the source. At the same time, the inner and outer flushing fluids 5 on the electrode side can simultaneously cool the electrode and assist in chip removal. The two flushing systems work together to stabilize the discharge machining environment.

[0029] Specifically, the spray outlet of the external flushing liquid 5 spraying mechanism is a closed circular ring or annular array nozzle structure. The external flushing liquid 5 can be sprayed synchronously with the electrode tube body 1 or fixedly. The spraying direction of the external flushing liquid 5 is parallel to or at an inclined angle to the axis of the electrode tube body 1.

[0030] Using the above scheme, the diversified external flushing fluid 5 spray structure can adapt to different processing conditions. The rotary external flushing fluid 5 can achieve all-round cooling and chip removal around the electrode circumference, while the fixed inclined nozzle can directionally flush away the accumulated chips in the gap, flexibly adapting to the processing needs of electrode tubes of different diameters and cavities of different depths.

[0031] Specifically, the direction of the electrode feed motion 16 is vertical feed from top to bottom or lateral feed along the side of the cavity-like workpiece 7, used to remove the material 8 by electrical discharge machining.

[0032] Using the above scheme, the forming electrode has two feeding modes: it can process blind holes and closed cavities from top to bottom, or it can feed from the side to process open cavities on the side, making the device suitable for processing a wider range of workpiece types.

[0033] Specifically, the area where the material 8 to be removed from the cavity-type workpiece 7 is located is an open cavity or a closed cavity.

[0034] Using the above solution, regardless of whether the workpiece cavity is completely closed, has a single-sided opening, or is fully open, reverse flushing fluid can be introduced through the workpiece's own flow channel or process hole, making it suitable for most rough machining scenarios of cavity-type metal parts.

[0035] Specifically, the flushing channel of the cavity-type workpiece 7 is formed by the cavity of the workpiece itself, or by a process hole that does not damage the original structural features of the workpiece.

[0036] The above solution is highly versatile.

[0037] Specifically, the high-pressure jet of the main and reverse jetting fluid 6 flushes outward from the inner cavity of the workpiece, forming a fluid isolation layer on the inner cavity surface 22 of the workpiece. This layer is used to block the discharge erosion particles 1 and 2 19 from adhering to the inner cavity surface 22 of the workpiece, and effectively reduces the thickness of the recast layer on the machined surface of the workpiece after processing.

[0038] Using the above scheme, during processing, the output pressure of the main and reverse flushing fluid 6 is controlled to be higher than the pressure of the inner flushing fluid 4 and the outer flushing fluid 5 at the electrode outlet. The high-pressure fluid continuously covers the inner wall of the workpiece to form an isolation barrier, preventing molten metal particles from adhering to the inner cavity surface and fundamentally ensuring the original surface quality of the inner cavity.

[0039] Specifically, a reverse-flushing high-efficiency electrical discharge machining method, applicable to the aforementioned reverse-flushing high-efficiency electrical discharge machining apparatus, includes the following steps: S1. Workpiece clamping and pipeline wiring: Fix and clamp the cavity-type workpiece 7, seal and connect the supply pipeline of the main and reverse flushing fluid 6 to the inner cavity flushing fluid flow channel of the cavity-type workpiece 7, connect the electrode tube body 1 / forming electrode body 15 to the negative terminal 12 of the power supply, and connect the cavity-type workpiece 7 to the positive terminal 13 of the power supply. S2. Flushing system start: Open the supply pipeline of the inner flushing liquid 3 at the electrode inlet, the spray mechanism of the outer flushing liquid 5, and the supply pipeline of the main and reverse flushing liquid 6. Adjust the pressure and flow of each branch to ensure the high pressure of the main and reverse flushing liquid 6. S3. Electrode feeding to establish a discharge gap: When the electrode tube body 1 is selected, the rotary drive mechanism is started to drive the electrode tube body 1 to rotate along the electrode rotation direction 2. At the same time, the electrode tube body 1 is fed through the electrode tube feeding drive mechanism. When the forming electrode body 15 is selected, the forming electrode body 15 is fed through the forming electrode feeding drive mechanism. The electrode working end face is close to the cavity-type workpiece 7 to form a discharge gap. S4. Discharge erosion and reverse flushing: The working fluid in the breakdown gap of the discharge power supply generates high-temperature melting discharge erosion of particles. The main reverse flushing fluid 6 rushes from the inner cavity of the workpiece to the discharge area, carrying the particles and moving them away from the electrode direction away from the inner cavity surface 22 of the workpiece. Together with the inner flushing fluid 4 and the outer flushing fluid 5 at the electrode outlet, the particles are carried away from the discharge area. S5. Continuously control the electrode feed motion 16 to remove the material 8 inside the cavity-type workpiece 7 layer by layer until the cavity is machined to the target size. S6. Finishing and cleaning: Turn off the power, keep the flushing fluid flowing for a period of time to flush and clean the cavity residue, then retract the electrode, disconnect the flushing fluid pipeline and disassemble the cavity workpiece 7.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency reverse-flushing electrical discharge machining device, characterized in that: The device includes a discharge power supply, a rotary drive mechanism, an electrode tube feed drive mechanism, and a forming electrode feed drive mechanism. It also includes an electrode tube body (1), an electrode rotation direction (2), an electrode inlet flushing fluid (3), an electrode outlet flushing fluid (4), an outer flushing fluid (5), a main reverse flushing fluid (6), a cavity-type workpiece (7), a material removal (8), a discharge erosion of particulate matter one (9), an electrode tube working end face (10), an electrode tube feed motion (11), an end face discharge area (14), a forming electrode body (15), an electrode feed motion (16), an inlet reverse flushing fluid (17), an outlet reverse flushing fluid (18), a discharge erosion of particulate matter two (19), a forming electrode working end face (20), a forming electrode discharge area (21), and a workpiece inner cavity surface (22). The discharge power supply is provided with a positive power supply (13) and a negative power supply (12). The negative power supply (12) is connected to the electrode tube body (1) or the forming electrode body (15), and the positive power supply (13) is connected to the cavity-type workpiece (7).

2. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism is connected to the electrode tube body (1) to limit the rotation direction (2) of the electrode and drive the electrode tube body (1) to rotate. The supply pipeline of the electrode inlet flushing liquid (3) is connected to the hollow channel inside the electrode tube body (1), and the end of the hollow channel forms the electrode outlet flushing liquid (4) flow channel and extends to the working end face (10) of the electrode tube. The working end face (10) of the electrode tube and the cavity workpiece (7) form an end face discharge area (14). The working end face (20) of the shaped electrode and the cavity workpiece (7) form a shaped electrode discharge area (21). The spraying mechanism of the external flushing liquid (5) is arranged around the outside of the electrode tube body (1), and the sprayed external flushing liquid (5) is directed toward the end face discharge area (14). One end of the flushing liquid flow channel of the cavity workpiece (7) is connected to the inlet reverse flushing liquid (17) pipe. The other end forms an outlet reverse flushing fluid (18) flow channel. The inlet reverse flushing fluid (17) pipeline is connected to the main reverse flushing fluid (6) supply pipeline. The main reverse flushing fluid (6) flows from the inner cavity of the cavity workpiece (7) outward to the end face discharge area (14) or the forming electrode discharge area (21). The electrode tube feeding drive mechanism is used to drive the electrode tube body (1) to generate electrode tube feeding motion (11). The end face discharge area (14) generates discharge erosion particles one (9). The forming electrode feeding drive mechanism is used to drive the forming electrode body (15) to generate electrode feeding motion (16). The forming electrode discharge area (21) generates discharge erosion particles two (19). The cavity workpiece (7) has material (8) to be removed. The inner sidewall of the cavity workpiece (7) forms the workpiece inner cavity surface (22).

3. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The external flushing liquid (5) spraying mechanism has a closed circular or annular array nozzle structure at the spray outlet. The external flushing liquid (5) can be sprayed synchronously with the electrode tube body (1) or fixedly. The spraying direction of the external flushing liquid (5) is parallel to or at an inclined angle to the axis of the electrode tube body (1).

4. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The direction of the electrode feed motion (16) is vertical feed from top to bottom or lateral feed along the side of the cavity workpiece (7), used to remove the material (8) by electrical discharge machining.

5. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The area where the material (8) to be removed from the cavity-type workpiece (7) is located is an open cavity or a closed cavity.

6. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flushing channel of the cavity-type workpiece (7) is formed by the cavity of the workpiece itself, or by a process hole that does not damage the original structural features of the workpiece.

7. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining device with reverse flushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure jet of the main and reverse jet fluid (6) is flushed outward from the inner cavity of the workpiece, so that the inner cavity surface (22) of the workpiece forms a fluid isolation layer, which is used to block the discharge erosion particles one (9) and discharge erosion particles two (19) from adhering to the inner cavity surface (22) of the workpiece, and effectively reduces the thickness of the recast layer on the workpiece surface after processing.

8. A high-efficiency electrical discharge machining method using reverse-flushing fluid, characterized in that, The reverse-flushing high-efficiency electrical discharge machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1. Workpiece clamping and pipeline connection: Fix and clamp the cavity workpiece (7), seal and connect the main and reverse flushing fluid (6) supply pipeline to the cavity flushing fluid flow channel of the cavity workpiece (7), connect the electrode tube body (1) / forming electrode body (15) to the negative terminal of the power supply (12), and connect the cavity workpiece (7) to the positive terminal of the power supply (13). S2, Flushing system start: Open the supply pipeline of the inner flushing liquid (3) of the electrode inlet, the spraying mechanism of the outer flushing liquid (5), and the supply pipeline of the main and reverse flushing liquid (6), and adjust the pressure and flow of each branch to ensure the high pressure of the main and reverse flushing liquid (6). S3. Electrode feeding to establish a discharge gap: When the electrode tube body (1) is selected, the rotary drive mechanism is started to drive the electrode tube body (1) to rotate along the electrode rotation direction (2). At the same time, the electrode tube body (1) is fed through the electrode tube feeding drive mechanism. When the forming electrode body (15) is selected, the forming electrode body (15) is fed through the forming electrode feeding drive mechanism. The electrode working end face is close to the cavity-type workpiece (7) to form a discharge gap. S4. Discharge erosion and reverse flushing chip removal: The working fluid in the breakdown gap of the discharge power supply generates high-temperature melting discharge erosion particles. The main reverse flushing fluid (6) rushes from the inner cavity of the workpiece to the discharge area, carrying particles and moving towards the electrode direction away from the inner cavity surface (22) of the workpiece. Together with the inner flushing fluid (4) and outer flushing fluid (5) at the electrode outlet, the particles are carried away from the discharge area. S5. Continuously control the electrode feed motion (16) to remove the material (8) inside the cavity workpiece (7) layer by layer until the cavity is machined to the target size; S6. Finishing and cleaning: Turn off the power, keep the flushing fluid flowing for a period of time to flush and clean the cavity residue, then retract the electrode, disconnect the flushing fluid pipeline and disassemble the cavity workpiece (7).

9. The high-efficiency electrical discharge machining apparatus for reverse-flushing liquid as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge power supply is a pulsed DC power supply or a DC power supply, and the positive and negative terminals of the power supply can be interchanged.

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