Multiplexing ground photovoltaic power station's space solar power station microwave energy receiving system

Abstract

The application provides a microwave energy receiving system of a spatial solar power station of a multiplex ground photovoltaic power station, which comprises a photovoltaic power station basic unit, an energy receiving and converting unit, a grid-connected energy management unit and a power generation mode switching unit; the energy receiving and converting unit is arranged based on the photovoltaic power station basic unit; the energy receiving and converting unit comprises a receiving panel, a photovoltaic assembly and a microwave assembly; the photovoltaic assembly and the microwave assembly are arranged on the receiving panel; the output end of the photovoltaic assembly and the output end of the microwave assembly are connected in parallel to a bus line to form a photovoltaic output loop and a microwave rectification loop; the bus line is connected to the grid-connected energy management unit; the grid-connected energy management unit is connected to an energy storage device and / or a power grid; and the power generation mode switching unit is connected to the energy receiving and converting unit to control the energy receiving and converting unit to switch between a photovoltaic power generation mode and a microwave receiving mode. The application is arranged based on the photovoltaic power station, and the structural complexity and construction cost of the system are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of space technology, and in particular to a microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station. Background Technology

[0002] Space-based solar power stations are a disruptive clean energy solution. The core principle is to deploy large-scale solar power stations in geosynchronous orbit. The solar power stations transmit energy to the ground via microwave wireless energy transmission technology, while the ground receiving system receives the microwave energy and converts it into electrical energy.

[0003] Among existing technologies, research on space-based solar power stations is relatively in-depth and there are many mature applications. However, research on ground receiving end technologies is relatively weak, and the current ground microwave energy receiving system has a relatively complex structure and high construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the technical solution adopted in this application is to propose a microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses ground-based photovoltaic power stations.

[0005] A microwave energy receiving system for a space-based solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station, the system comprising:

[0006] Basic unit of photovoltaic power station; An energy receiving and conversion unit is set up based on the photovoltaic power station basic unit. The energy receiving and conversion unit includes a receiving panel, a photovoltaic module and a microwave module. The photovoltaic module and the microwave module are set on the receiving panel. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module and the microwave module are connected in parallel to the combiner line through the power generation mode switching unit to form a photovoltaic output circuit and a microwave rectification circuit. The combiner line is connected to the grid-connected energy management unit. The power generation mode switching unit is used to control the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on the ambient radiation intensity and the preset ambient radiation threshold. The grid-connected energy management unit is connected to the energy storage device and / or the power grid to transmit electrical energy to the energy storage device and / or the power grid according to the power generation mode of the system.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the microwave component includes an antenna array and a rectifier circuit module; The antenna array is used to receive microwave energy from a space-based solar power station, and the rectifier circuit module connects the antenna array to the bus line to convert the received microwave energy into direct current.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module includes a glass layer, a cell module, and a protective frame; The battery cell module is laid on the receiving panel, the glass layer is covered on the battery cell module, and the protective frame clamps the battery cell module and the receiving panel and is arranged around the battery cell module. The microwave component is at least partially located within the area formed by the protective frame, so as to guide the lost microwave energy through the protective frame to the microwave component.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module is disposed on the receiving panel to divide the receiving panel into a first region and a second region; The photovoltaic module is located in the first area, and the microwave module is located in the second area; The second region includes at least the spaced area formed by the battery cell module and the protective frame on the receiving panel.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the microwave component is at least partially a transparent structure. The microwave component and the photovoltaic component are stacked on top of each other, with the microwave component covering the photovoltaic component.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the antenna array has a mesh-like structure or a periodic structure, the size of which is smaller than the microwave wavelength and larger than the visible light wavelength.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, a phase compensator is integrated at the connection between the rectifier circuit module and the antenna array to adjust the phase of the received microwave signal.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for the reused ground photovoltaic power station further includes a microwave beam tracking unit, which communicates with the space solar power station via a space-to-ground communication link to obtain microwave beam-related information of the space solar power station in real time and adjust the orientation of the microwave components based on the microwave beam-related information.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic power station base unit includes a tilt adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit in photovoltaic power generation mode so that the photovoltaic module forms a preset angle with the direction of solar incidence. The tilt adjustment mechanism is also used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit in microwave receiving mode so that the microwave component forms a preset angle with the direction of microwave arrival. The preset included angle is determined based on one or more of the coordinates of the photovoltaic power station base unit, the microwave beam information, the solar incident direction information, and the adjustment range of the tilt adjustment mechanism.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, controlling the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on ambient radiation intensity and a preset ambient radiation threshold includes: When the ambient irradiance is not less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is connected and the microwave rectifier circuit is disconnected, and the system enters the photovoltaic power generation mode. When the ambient irradiance is less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is disconnected and the microwave rectifier circuit is connected, and the system enters microwave receiving mode.

[0016] The above-mentioned technical solution of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a microwave energy receiving system for a space-based solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station. Based on the photovoltaic power station, it reduces the structural complexity and construction cost of the system. Specifically, the energy receiving and conversion unit is based on the basic unit of a photovoltaic power station, realizing the reuse of the basic structure of the photovoltaic power station and reducing the construction complexity and cost of the receiving system. The energy receiving and conversion unit includes a receiving panel, photovoltaic modules, and microwave modules. The photovoltaic modules and microwave modules are set on the receiving panel. The output terminals of the photovoltaic modules and microwave modules are connected in parallel to the combiner line to form a photovoltaic output circuit and a microwave rectifier circuit. The combiner line is connected to the grid-connected energy management unit, which simplifies the connection lines between the receiving system and external equipment or the power grid and realizes the reuse of the internal circuits of the photovoltaic power station. Moreover, the microwave energy receiving system has photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode through structural design and circuit conduction. The power generation mode switching unit controls the receiving system to switch between different modes based on the ambient radiation intensity, which improves the effective utilization rate of the receiving system and enhances the stability and continuity of power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for a reused ground-based photovoltaic power station, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy receiving and conversion unit according to another embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy receiving and conversion unit according to one embodiment. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy receiving and conversion unit according to one embodiment. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation mode switching control process of the microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station as an example.

[0019] Figure label: 1-Basic unit of photovoltaic power station; 2-Energy receiving and conversion unit; 21-Receiving panel; 201-First area; 202-Second area; 22-Photovoltaic module; 221-Glass layer; 222-Battery cell module; 223-Protective frame; 23-Microwave component; 231-Antenna array; 232-Rectifier circuit module; 3-Power generation mode switching unit; 4-Grid-connected energy management unit; 5-Microwave beam tracking unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Various embodiments of this disclosure will be described more fully below. This disclosure may have various embodiments, and adjustments and changes may be made therein. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but rather this disclosure should be understood to cover all adjustments, equivalents, and / or alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0021] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include”, which may be used in various embodiments of this disclosure, indicate the presence of the disclosed functions, operations, or elements, and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of this disclosure, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or the possibility of adding one or more combinations of the foregoing.

[0022] In various embodiments of this disclosure, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0023] The terms used in the various embodiments of this disclosure (such as "first," "second," etc.) may modify various components in the various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding components. For example, the above terms do not limit the order and / or importance of the components. The above terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from others. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component.

[0024] It should be noted that if a description is made of "connecting" one component to another, then the first component can be directly connected to the second component, and a third component can be "connected" between the first and second components. Conversely, when a component is "directly connected" to another component, it can be understood that there is no third component between the first and second components.

[0025] The term "user" as used in various embodiments of this disclosure may refer to a person using an electronic device or a device using an electronic device (e.g., an artificial intelligence electronic device).

[0026] The terminology used in the various embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the various embodiments of this disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of this disclosure pertain. Terms (such as those defined in a generally used dictionary) are to be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant technical field and are not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0027] With the deepening of the global energy transition, space-based solar power plants (SSPS) are considered a disruptive clean energy solution. Their core principle involves deploying large-scale solar power plants in geostationary orbit and supplying power to the ground via microwave wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In recent years, space-based technologies, represented by a series of solutions from Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, have made significant progress, completing ground-based verification in areas such as spherical concentrators, photovoltaic array configurations, and microwave transmitting antennas.

[0028] However, research on ground receiving technologies is relatively weak. The construction cost of ground receiving systems for Space Solar Power Stations (SSPS) is high, and their implementation is difficult. Existing technologies require the construction of dedicated rectifier antenna arrays covering several square kilometers, along with supporting grid connection facilities. This involves huge investments and long approval cycles, becoming a core bottleneck for the industrialization of space solar power stations. How to deploy ground receiving facilities on a low-cost, large-scale basis remains a major obstacle to commercialization.

[0029] Meanwhile, the vast number of ground-mounted centralized photovoltaic power plants deployed globally occupy large areas, but they inherently suffer from the problem of being completely idle at night and during periods of low light, such as cloudy or rainy days. This results in low asset utilization, an inability to provide stable and continuous clean power, and puts pressure on the grid's peak-shaving capacity. Utilizing existing photovoltaic power plant sites, supports, combiner lines, and grid connection facilities to simultaneously perform the ground-based microwave receiving function of space-based solar power plants, without affecting their original power generation capabilities, remains a pressing technical challenge.

[0030] See Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station is provided. The system includes: a photovoltaic power station basic unit 1, an energy receiving and conversion unit 2, a grid-connected energy management unit 4, and a power generation mode switching unit 3. Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1 refers to the inherent basic facilities of the photovoltaic power station, which may include one or more of the following: the space occupied by the photovoltaic array, the photovoltaic support, the tilt adjustment mechanism, the corresponding lines, the inverter and the monitoring device. Of course, no restrictions are placed on the specific composition of the basic unit 1 of the photovoltaic power station.

[0031] Energy receiving and conversion unit 2 is set up based on photovoltaic power station basic unit 1. Energy receiving and conversion unit 2 includes receiving panel 21, photovoltaic module 22 and microwave module 23. Photovoltaic module 22 and microwave module 23 are set on receiving panel 21. The output end of photovoltaic module 22 and the output end of microwave module 23 are connected in parallel to the combiner line through power generation mode switching unit 3 to form photovoltaic output circuit and microwave rectification circuit. The combiner line is connected to grid-connected energy management unit 4. The energy receiving and conversion unit 2 is based on the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1. Structurally, it integrates and combines the microwave component 23 and the photovoltaic component 22 onto the receiving panel 21, adopting a compact layout and realizing the reuse of the supporting structure of the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1. In terms of electrical connection, the DC output terminals of the photovoltaic component 22 and the DC output terminals of the microwave component 23 are connected in parallel to the combiner line, realizing the reuse of the wiring of the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1 and simplifying the circuit management architecture. The microwave energy receiving system is effectively integrated with the existing photovoltaic power station, enabling it to simultaneously possess photovoltaic power generation and microwave power generation functions. Furthermore, the combiner circuit enables the sharing of the junction box and subsequent inverter, boost, and grid connection facilities, significantly reducing the construction cost of the space solar power station microwave energy receiving system that reuses the ground-mounted photovoltaic power station.

[0032] The power generation mode switching unit 3 is used to control the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on the ambient radiation intensity and the preset ambient radiation threshold.

[0033] The ambient radiation intensity can be measured by a solar irradiance sensor, such as a total radiation meter, installed on the receiving panel 21.

[0034] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the solar irradiance sensor can be any one or more of CMP21, CMP6, MS-402, and SR30-M2-D1.

[0035] Of course, there are no restrictions on the specific measurement method of environmental radiation intensity or the specific model of the corresponding sensor, as long as it meets the function of monitoring environmental radiation intensity.

[0036] Understandably, the power generation mode switching unit 3 changes the conduction state of the photovoltaic output circuit and the microwave rectifier circuit according to the ambient radiation intensity and the preset ambient radiation threshold, and controls the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode. This ensures that the power generation mode with the highest conversion efficiency can be used most directly during different periods of ambient radiation intensity, and can achieve complementarity between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode in terms of time and power.

[0037] The grid-connected energy management unit 4 is connected to the energy storage device and / or the power grid to transmit electrical energy to the energy storage device and / or the power grid according to the power generation mode of the system. The grid-connected energy management unit 4 upgrades the original photovoltaic power station architecture to achieve smooth scheduling of photovoltaic power generation and microwave power generation output, thereby improving the grid-connected power quality. At the same time, through the coordinated energy storage device, energy can be stored when microwave power generation is excessive and released during peak electricity demand.

[0038] For example, when the ambient radiation intensity exceeds a preset ambient radiation threshold, the control system switches to photovoltaic power generation mode, prioritizing the input of DC power generated by photovoltaic module 22 into the grid-connected energy management unit 4 for direct transmission to the grid. This largely avoids competition for line capacity between photovoltaic power and microwave power during peak hours, reduces the instantaneous load pressure on the combiner line and subsequent substation equipment, and improves the operational safety of the microwave energy receiving system. Meanwhile, the microwave power received and converted by microwave module 23 is stored, for example, in an energy storage device.

[0039] For example, when the ambient radiation intensity is not greater than the preset ambient radiation threshold (e.g., at night, or during cloudy / rainy / foggy weather), the control system switches to microwave receiving mode, prioritizing the input of DC power generated by microwave component 23 into the grid-connected energy management unit 4 for direct grid transmission. It also releases stored energy from the energy storage device into the grid to compensate for insufficient power supply, thus improving the stability and continuity of power supply at different times. At this time, the direct connection between photovoltaic component 22 and grid-connected energy management unit 4 is disconnected.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the microwave component 23 includes an antenna array 231 and a rectifier circuit module 232; Antenna array 231 is used to receive microwave energy from space solar power station. Rectifier circuit module 232 connects antenna array 231 and bus line to convert the received microwave energy into DC power.

[0041] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the DC output terminal of the rectifier circuit module 232 and the DC output terminal of the photovoltaic module 22 are connected in parallel in the junction box and share the original bypass diode circuit and DC bus line.

[0042] More specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the antenna array 231 operates in the ISM band, such as 2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz. Each antenna in the antenna array 231 is connected to the rectifier circuit module 232 at the back end via a microstrip line. The rectifier circuit module 232 employs a Schottky diode bridge rectifier structure to convert the received microwave energy into direct current.

[0043] Of course, the above is only an example and does not impose any restrictions on the operating frequency band of the antenna array 231, the connection method of the antenna array 231, or the specific structure of the rectifier circuit module 232.

[0044] Exemplarily, in an optional embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module 22 includes a glass layer 221, a cell module 222, and a protective frame 223; The battery cell module 222 is laid on the receiving panel 21, the glass layer 221 is covered on the battery cell module 222, and the protective frame 223 clamps the battery cell module 222 and the receiving panel 21 and is arranged around the battery cell module 222. The microwave component 23 is at least partially located within the area formed by the protective frame 223 so as to direct the dissipated microwave energy through the protective frame 223 to the microwave component 23.

[0045] The protective frame 223 and glass layer 221 protect the solar cell module 222, reducing the possibility of damage. The glass layer 221 is made of transparent material, allowing sunlight to reach the solar cell module 222 for photovoltaic power generation. The protective frame 223 is typically made of metal and has microwave reflective properties. At least a portion of the microwave components 23 are located within the area surrounded by the protective frame 223, enabling the reuse of the protective frame 223 structure. This allows microwave energy lost from the environment to be guided to the microwave components 23, thus achieving microwave energy recovery and improving the efficiency of microwave power generation.

[0046] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the protective frame 223 is made of metal, specifically aluminum alloy.

[0047] More specifically, the protective frame 223 has a reflective surface on the side facing the microwave component 23, and the reflective surface is set at an angle to the receiving panel 21, with the angle ranging from 30 to 60 degrees.

[0048] The reflective surface of the protective frame 223 enhances the focusing and guiding effect of microwaves, directing them to the microwave component 23 and reducing microwave energy loss. The included angle, ranging from 30 to 60 degrees, achieves an effective balance between focusing efficiency, space utilization, and compatibility. Compared to an excessively small angle, it reduces the requirements for the installation position of the microwave component 23 to a certain extent, minimizing microwave loss due to excessively long reflection paths. Compared to an excessively large angle, it avoids overly perpendicular reflection directions, which helps the microwave component 23 absorb microwaves and reduces the shading of the photovoltaic component 22 by the microwave component 23, thus ensuring photovoltaic power generation efficiency to a certain extent.

[0049] By way of example, in another alternative embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module 22 is disposed on the receiving panel 21 to divide the receiving panel 21 into a first region 201 and a second region 202. Photovoltaic module 22 is located in the first region 201, and microwave module 23 is located in the second region 202; The second region 202 includes at least the spaced area formed on the receiving panel 21 by the battery cell module 222 and the protective frame 223.

[0050] The first region 201 is a photosensitive region, and the second region 202 is a non-photosensitive region. The battery cell module 222 is disposed on the receiving panel 21 to form a photosensitive region on the receiving panel 21. The battery cell module 222 and the protective frame 223 are separated to form a non-photosensitive region. Several battery cells are arranged in an array inside the battery cell module 222, and a non-photosensitive region is formed between the battery cells.

[0051] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the microwave component 23 disposed in the second region 202 is a microstrip patch antenna array 231.

[0052] Understandably, the photovoltaic module 22 is located in the first region 201, and the microwave module 23 is located in the second region 202. This optimizes the spatial layout of the receiving panel 21, resulting in a compact structure and improving the integration and space utilization of the energy receiving and conversion unit 2. At the same time, the microwave module 23 maintains a low shading rate on the photovoltaic module 22, reducing the impact of the microwave module 23 on the sunlight collection of the photovoltaic module 22, thus keeping the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 22 relatively stable. The microwave module 23 is used to receive microwave energy for power generation, increasing the total power generation per unit area of ​​the energy receiving and conversion unit 2 without increasing the system's footprint. It can also supplement photovoltaic power generation at different times, improving the continuity and stability of the energy output of the energy receiving and conversion unit 2.

[0053] Furthermore, since the second region 202 is actually located within the area enclosed by the metal frame, the microwave component 23 uses the protective frame 223 as a microwave reflector. The microwave component 23 arranged in the second region 202 can more efficiently receive the scattered microwave energy reflected and guided back by the protective frame 223, thereby improving the microwave capture efficiency. Placing the microwave component 23 in the edge region largely avoids shading the photovoltaic component 22 located in the central first region 201, which helps to ensure the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0054] More specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the second region 202 includes the spacing region between the battery cells inside the battery cell module 222, and also includes the spacing region between the battery cell module 222 and the protective frame 223. The antenna array 231 is located in the space between the battery cells inside the battery cell module 222, while the rectifier circuit module 232 is located in the space between the battery cell module 222 and the protective frame 223.

[0055] The further optimized arrangement of the antenna array 231 and the rectifier circuit module 232 fully utilizes the space of the photovoltaic module 22, achieving space reuse while maintaining the power generation capacity and power density of the photovoltaic module 22 to a large extent. The close proximity of the antenna array 231 and the cell module 222 brings the energy receiving points of the microwave component 23 and the photovoltaic module 22 closer together, resulting in shorter energy transmission paths. The rectifier circuit module 232, positioned between the cell module 222 and the protective frame 223, shortens the wire distance from the antenna to the conversion circuit, reducing energy loss on the transmission line and improving the overall system efficiency. The gap between the cell module 222 and the protective frame 223 is generally more conducive to heat dissipation, aiding in the thermal management of the rectifier circuit module 232.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the microwave component 23 is at least partially transparent. The microwave component 23 and the photovoltaic component 22 are stacked together, with the microwave component 23 covering the photovoltaic component 22.

[0057] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the antenna array 231 of the microwave component 23 is made of a conductive thin film material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or graphene. Of course, there are no limitations on the specific material of the antenna array 231.

[0058] The antenna array 231 is a transparent structure, which facilitates the effective penetration of sunlight. Sunlight can penetrate the antenna array 231 and illuminate the underlying solar cell module 222, thereby significantly reducing the shading and impact on the power generation of the microwave module 23 and photovoltaic module 22. Furthermore, the stacked arrangement of the microwave module 23 and photovoltaic module 22 integrates them within the same projected area, improving the utilization rate of the energy receiving and conversion unit 2 in vertical space. This helps to increase the effective arrangement area of ​​the microwave module 23 and improves the overall power generation of the microwave module 23 within the energy receiving and conversion unit 2.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the antenna array 231 has a mesh-like structure or a periodic structure, the size of which is smaller than the microwave wavelength and larger than the visible light wavelength.

[0060] For example, the periodic structure can be an array structure, a cross-shaped structure, or a ring structure, etc. Of course, there are no restrictions on the specific form of the periodic structure.

[0061] Specifically, the dimensions of a mesh-like or periodic structure refer to: for a mesh-like structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent metal wires (i.e., the mesh pitch); and for a periodic structure, the distance between the center points of two adjacent identical structural units. These dimensions can be measured using a scanning electron microscope.

[0062] Microwave wavelengths can be, for example, 2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz. 2.45 GHz corresponds to approximately 12.2 cm, and 5.8 GHz corresponds to approximately 5.2 cm; visible light wavelengths are 380-750 nm.

[0063] The transparent structure of the antenna array 231 and the size settings of the grid-like or periodic structure realize the dual functions of effective microwave reception and high visible light transmission. It directly covers the light-transmitting area of ​​the photovoltaic module 22 (such as the surface of the cell and the glass cover), forming a fully transparent integrated receiving panel 21. This improves the power generation efficiency of the microwave module 23 while optimizing the structural layout of the receiving panel 21, realizing the composite reception of photovoltaic and microwave.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, a phase compensator is integrated at the connection between the rectifier circuit module 232 and the antenna array 231 to adjust the phase of the received microwave signal.

[0065] For example, the phase compensator may be an adjustable phaser or a delay line, used to adjust the phase of the received microwave signal to achieve in-phase superposition during spatial power combining.

[0066] The phase compensator precisely adjusts and calibrates the phase of each signal, ensuring that the microwave signals are in phase and superimposed before reaching the rectifier diodes, thus optimizing the input power and conversion power of the rectifier circuit. Multiple microwave signals from the antenna array 231 may experience phase asynchrony upon reaching the rectifier circuit input due to differences in transmission path length, minor antenna characteristic deviations, or environmental changes. The phase compensator eliminates this phase asynchrony, reducing power loss caused by phase cancellation during microwave signal merging and improving the net power of the input rectifier circuit. Furthermore, the phase compensator can also address slow phase drift in the system caused by temperature changes, component aging, or mechanical stress.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station also includes a microwave beam tracking unit 5, which communicates with the space solar power station via a space-to-ground communication link to obtain microwave beam-related information of the space solar power station in real time and adjust the orientation of the microwave component 23 according to the microwave beam-related information.

[0068] For example, microwave beam-related information may include microwave beam azimuth and / or elevation angles.

[0069] Understandably, the orientation of the microwave component 23 is adjusted based on microwave beam-related information to make the microwave component 23 adapt to the direction of microwave arrival. For example, the normal direction of the microwave component 23 can be aligned with the direction of microwave arrival to maximize the effective receiving area of ​​the antenna array 231, reduce the loss of microwave energy due to pointing deviation, and improve the conversion efficiency of microwave power generation.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic power station base unit 1 includes a tilt adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit 2 in the photovoltaic power generation mode so that the photovoltaic module 22 forms a preset angle with the solar incident direction. The tilt adjustment mechanism is also used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit 2 in microwave receiving mode so that the microwave component 23 forms a preset angle with the direction of microwave arrival. The preset angle is determined based on one or more of the coordinates of the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1, microwave beam related information, solar incident direction information, and the adjustment range of the tilt adjustment mechanism.

[0071] For example, the preset angles between the microwave component 23 and the microwave incoming wave direction, and between the photovoltaic component 22 and the solar incident direction, can both be 90 degrees or close to 90 degrees.

[0072] Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the microwave beam tracking unit 5 acquires microwave beam-related information of the space solar power station in real time, including parameters such as the azimuth and elevation angles of the microwave beam, through a space-to-ground communication link. The microwave beam tracking unit 5 processes this information using a built-in optimization algorithm, and, combined with the geographical location and adjustable range of each receiving panel 21, calculates the optimal tilt angle to align the normal direction of each receiving panel 21 with the direction of incoming beam, as well as the phase compensation parameters for the received signals of each panel; this optimal tilt angle is the preset angle. Finally, through the existing tilt adjustment mechanism of the power station, a synchronous adjustment command is issued to all supports of the entire power station to achieve coordinated tracking of the square kilometer-scale array. Simultaneously, through a phase compensation mechanism (such as adjusting the adjustable phase shifter at the front end of the rectifier circuit), it is ensured that the microwave signals output by each receiving panel 21 are superimposed in phase at the convergence point, achieving phase coordination and beam pointing tracking of the entire array to compensate for the beam phase difference caused by the reused photovoltaic support layout.

[0073] Among them, the optimization algorithm can be either sequential quadratic programming or particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the system switches between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on the ambient radiation intensity and a preset ambient radiation threshold, including: When the ambient irradiance is not less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is connected and the microwave rectifier circuit is disconnected from the grid, and the system enters the photovoltaic power generation mode. When the ambient irradiance is less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is disconnected and the microwave rectifier circuit is connected to the power grid, and the system enters microwave receiving mode.

[0075] The specific environmental irradiation threshold can be 100 W / m², but there is no restriction on the specific value of the environmental irradiation intensity threshold.

[0076] Specifically, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, when the ambient irradiance is not less than the ambient radiation threshold, in the photovoltaic power generation mode, the power generation mode switching unit 3 uses a control circuit (such as a bypass switch like a solid-state relay) to keep the output of the rectifier circuit module 232 in a high-impedance state or an open-circuit state, achieving electrical isolation from the photovoltaic output circuit. When the ambient irradiance is less than the ambient radiation threshold, in the microwave receiving mode, the power generation mode switching unit 3 uses a control circuit to allow the rectifier circuit module 232 to be normally connected to the parallel node, combining the received and converted DC power with the photovoltaic output. The circuits do not interfere with each other when switching between the two modes, ensuring stable system operation.

[0077] The power generation mode switching unit 3 executes interlock logic to ensure that at any given time, only one of the photovoltaic output circuit and the microwave rectifier circuit is connected to the grid, preventing microwave signals from flowing back into the photovoltaic side or DC power from flowing back into the rectifier circuit, thus ensuring the safe operation of the system. In both modes, the DC output is connected to the grid through the existing combiner box and inverter.

[0078] More specifically, when the ambient irradiance is not less than the ambient radiation threshold, the grid-connected energy management unit 4 is used to disconnect the microwave rectifier circuit from the grid, connect the photovoltaic output circuit to the grid, and connect the microwave rectifier circuit to the energy storage device, so that the system enters the photovoltaic power generation mode. When the ambient irradiance is less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is disconnected from the grid, the microwave rectifier circuit is connected to the grid, and the energy storage device is connected to the grid through the grid-connected energy management unit 4, so as to transmit the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device to the grid, and the system enters the microwave receiving mode; wherein, when the system switches from photovoltaic power generation mode to microwave power generation mode, the energy storage device and the microwave rectifier circuit are connected to the grid in sequence.

[0079] Based on the ambient radiation intensity, the grid-connected energy management unit 4 operates differently for different power generation modes, resulting in smoother power output. In photovoltaic power generation mode, the connection between the microwave component 23 and the energy storage device is established to store the electrical energy received and converted by the microwave component 23, preventing the microwave component 23 from competing with the photovoltaic component 22 for line access. When photovoltaic power generation conditions are poor or unsuitable, the microwave component 23 generates power to compensate for the deficiencies in photovoltaic power generation, achieving all-weather power generation and improving the system's continuous functionality. In photovoltaic power generation mode, the grid-connected energy management unit 4, the energy storage device, and the microwave rectifier circuit are sequentially connected to the grid. At this time, the energy stored in the grid acts as a buffer power source to temporarily compensate for instantaneous gaps in photovoltaic power output, ensuring a smooth transition in power output. Furthermore, the auxiliary power supply from the energy storage device can also compensate for sudden changes in power output caused by microwave power fluctuations, improving the stability and continuity of the system from multiple perspectives.

[0080] The above-described technical solutions of this application have at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a microwave energy receiving system for a space solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station. Based on the photovoltaic power station, it reduces the structural complexity and construction cost of the system. Specifically, the energy receiving and conversion unit 2 is set up based on the photovoltaic power station basic unit 1, realizing the reuse of the basic structure of the photovoltaic power station and reducing the construction complexity and cost of the receiving system. The energy receiving and conversion unit 2 includes a receiving panel 21, a photovoltaic module 22, and a microwave module 23. The photovoltaic module 22 and the microwave module 23 are set on the receiving panel 21. The output end of the photovoltaic module 22 and the output end of the microwave module 23 are connected in parallel to the busbar to form a photovoltaic output circuit and a microwave rectifier circuit. The busbar is connected to the grid-connected energy management unit 4, which simplifies the connection lines between the receiving system and external equipment or the power grid and realizes the reuse of the internal circuits of the photovoltaic power station. Moreover, the microwave energy receiving system has photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode through structural settings and circuit conduction. The power generation mode switching unit 3 controls the receiving system to switch between different modes based on the ambient radiation intensity, which improves the effective utilization rate of the receiving system and enhances the stability and continuity of power supply.

[0081] This application reuses the existing photovoltaic power station's site, support structure, combiner lines, grid connection facilities, and operation and maintenance system, eliminating the need for separate land acquisition and the construction of new grid-connected voltage boosting facilities. This reduces the construction cost of the ground receiving system for the space-based solar power station by over 90%. This application enables 24 / 7 uninterrupted operation in dual modes: daytime photovoltaic power generation and nighttime / low-light microwave reception. This can more than double the annual utilization hours of the photovoltaic power station, significantly improving the power station's revenue. This application also reuses the tilt adjustment mechanism of the existing photovoltaic power station's support structure, achieving dynamic microwave beam tracking of a square kilometer-scale array through global collaborative scheduling, further reducing system costs. Furthermore, this application only requires integrating the rectifier antenna array 231 into the non-photosensitive area of ​​the existing photovoltaic modules 22 and upgrading the control system software. It does not require changes to the main structure of the power station, has a short modification cycle, and can be quickly replicated and promoted in existing centralized photovoltaic power stations worldwide.

[0082] This application is based on system-level simulation expectations: For a typical 1GW tracking photovoltaic power plant covering 30 square kilometers, system-level modeling and simulation are conducted based on the technical solution of this application. It is expected that, under the premise of reusing existing infrastructure, the system can successfully achieve dual-mode operation of daytime photovoltaic power generation and nighttime microwave reception, with an expected annual total power generation increase of over 120%, preliminarily verifying the technical feasibility of this application. Regarding the microstrip patch antenna and Schottky diode rectifier circuit in the 2.45GHz / 5.8GHz frequency band, the measured efficiency of a single rectifier antenna unit under matched conditions can reach approximately 65%. Building upon this, this application utilizes the metal frame of the photovoltaic module 22 itself as a reflective surface to directionally reflect incident microwaves, guiding microwave energy that might otherwise be lost to the rectifier antenna, thereby improving the receiving gain. Simultaneously, through global collaborative scheduling to optimize the series and parallel combinations of each receiving panel 21, and combined with MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technology to dynamically adjust the equivalent load impedance of the rectifier circuit, each receiving panel 21 always operates at its optimal efficiency point. Based on the above optimizations, it is expected that the overall rectification efficiency of the system can reach 70%-80% after large-scale deployment, further verifying the technical feasibility of integration on photovoltaic panels.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the implementation scenario can be distributed within the apparatus of the implementation scenario as described, or they can be located in one or more apparatuses different from this implementation scenario, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above-described implementation scenario can be combined into one module, or they can be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0085] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the implementation scenario.

[0086] The above disclosures are only a few specific implementation scenarios of this application. However, this application is not limited to these. Any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A microwave energy receiving system for a space-based solar power station that reuses a ground-based photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, The system includes: Photovoltaic power plant basic unit; An energy receiving and conversion unit is set up based on the photovoltaic power station basic unit. The energy receiving and conversion unit includes a receiving panel, a photovoltaic module and a microwave module. The photovoltaic module and the microwave module are set on the receiving panel. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module and the microwave module are connected in parallel to the combiner line through the power generation mode switching unit to form a photovoltaic output circuit and a microwave rectification circuit. The combiner line is connected to the grid-connected energy management unit. A power generation mode switching unit is connected to the energy receiving and conversion unit, and is used to control the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on the ambient radiation intensity and a preset ambient radiation threshold. The grid-connected energy management unit is connected to the energy storage device and / or the power grid to transmit electrical energy to the energy storage device and / or the power grid according to the power generation mode of the system.

2. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave component includes an antenna array and a rectifier circuit module; The antenna array is used to receive microwave energy from a space-based solar power station, and the rectifier circuit module connects the antenna array to the bus line to convert the received microwave energy into direct current.

3. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a glass layer, a cell module, and a protective frame. The battery cell module is laid on the receiving panel, the glass layer is covered on the battery cell module, and the protective frame clamps the battery cell module and the receiving panel and is arranged around the battery cell module. The microwave component is at least partially located within the area formed by the protective frame, so as to guide the lost microwave energy through the protective frame to the microwave component.

4. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing ground-based photovoltaic power stations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module is disposed on the receiving panel to divide the receiving panel into a first area and a second area; The photovoltaic module is located in the first area, and the microwave module is located in the second area; The second region includes at least the spaced area formed by the battery cell module and the protective frame on the receiving panel.

5. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing ground-based photovoltaic power stations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microwave component is at least partially transparent. The microwave component and the photovoltaic component are stacked on top of each other, with the microwave component covering the photovoltaic component.

6. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna array has a grid-like structure or a periodic structure, the size of which is smaller than the microwave wavelength and larger than the visible light wavelength.

7. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing ground-based photovoltaic power stations according to claim 2, characterized in that, A phase compensator is integrated at the connection between the rectifier circuit module and the antenna array to adjust the phase of the received microwave signal.

8. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The microwave energy receiving system for the space solar power station that reuses the ground photovoltaic power station also includes a microwave beam tracking unit, which communicates with the space solar power station via a space-to-ground communication link to obtain microwave beam-related information of the space solar power station in real time and adjust the orientation of the microwave components based on the microwave beam-related information.

9. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to claim 8, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power station basic unit includes a tilt adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit in photovoltaic power generation mode so that the photovoltaic module forms a preset angle with the direction of solar incidence. The tilt adjustment mechanism is also used to adjust the orientation of the energy receiving and conversion unit in microwave receiving mode so that the microwave component forms a preset angle with the direction of microwave arrival. The preset included angle is determined based on one or more of the coordinates of the photovoltaic power station base unit, the microwave beam information, the solar incident direction information, and the adjustment range of the tilt adjustment mechanism.

10. The space solar power station microwave energy receiving system for reusing a ground-based photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of controlling the system to switch between photovoltaic power generation mode and microwave receiving mode based on the ambient radiation intensity and a preset ambient radiation threshold includes: When the ambient irradiance is not less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is connected and the microwave rectifier circuit is disconnected, and the system enters the photovoltaic power generation mode. When the ambient irradiance is less than the ambient radiation threshold, the photovoltaic output circuit is disconnected and the microwave rectifier circuit is connected, and the system enters microwave receiving mode.

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