Single row two-stage rice male parent variable spacing variable speed planting mechanism and planting equipment thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting machinery, in particular to a single-row two-period rice male parent variable-planting-distance variable-speed planting mechanism and planting equipment, wherein the single-row two-period rice male parent variable-planting-distance variable-speed planting mechanism comprises a floating boat assembly, a main frame assembly is arranged above the floating boat assembly, the main frame assembly comprises a front main frame and a rear main frame, a front planting assembly and a rear planting assembly, a transmission box body, a variable-torque variable-speed transmission unit is arranged in the transmission box body, a split sliding way, the split sliding way can be stretched and contracted along with the relative movement of the front main frame and the rear main frame, a split seedling carrying platform assembly, a transverse reciprocating driving unit, the transverse reciprocating driving unit is used for driving the split seedling carrying platform assembly to move transversely and reciprocally, and a seedling pressing disc, the seedling pressing disc is used for preventing seedlings from toppling over. The front and rear planting arms are arranged in the same column and respectively take seedlings from the split seedling carrying platform, so that the automatic interval planting of single-row two-period male parent seedlings is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting machinery technology, specifically to a single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and speed, and its planting equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Rice transplanters are planting machines used to plant rice seedlings in paddy fields and are widely used in large-scale rice production. In the field of hybrid rice seed production, male parent plants need to be planted among female parent plants for pollination, allowing the female parent to produce seeds. This process places special demands on the transplanting operation. Unlike ordinary rice transplanting, male parent rice transplanting has unique agronomic characteristics. Due to differences in climate conditions and planting habits in different regions, various male parent planting methods have evolved. One important agronomic requirement is that in the same row of male parent plants, seedlings from two different seedling stages need to be planted alternately, i.e., every other seedling is planted from one batch of seedlings, to extend the overall pollination period and increase seed production yield. Currently, this single-row, two-stage male parent planting technique mainly relies on manual labor, and planting efficiency and quality are greatly affected by factors such as manual operation skills and physical strength.

[0003] Existing rice transplanters typically employ a single-row, single-arm design, meaning each row has only one transplanting arm that continuously picks up and plants seedlings at a fixed spacing. This structure cannot achieve intermittent planting of seedlings from two different periods within a single row. To modify the existing equipment to allow each transplanting arm to pick up seedlings from every other plant to achieve intermittent planting, the rotational speed of the transplanting arm must be reduced. However, reducing the speed introduces a serious drawback: after the transplanting arm completes the planting action, the seedling claw cannot quickly retract from the soil, and the transplanter continues to move forward at the original speed. This causes the seedling claw to drag across the mud surface, creating long furrows, damaging the planted seedlings, disrupting the field's surface evenness, and affecting subsequent operations. In addition, different regions and different seed production combinations have different requirements for the spacing of male parent plants. Existing single-row single-arm planting mechanisms achieve the change of plant spacing by adjusting the gear ratio between the rotation speed of the planting arm and the machine travel speed. However, for single-row double-arm planting structures, the physical distance between the two planting arms directly determines the planting spacing. How to achieve the adjustment of plant spacing while ensuring that the two seedling platforms and related moving parts are synchronously adapted is also a technical problem that has not yet been solved by existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and speed, and its planting equipment, to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On the one hand, a variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism for single-row, two-stage rice paternal parent is provided, comprising: The floating boat assembly has a main frame assembly on top of it. The main frame assembly includes a front main frame and a rear main frame. The rear main frame and the front main frame are slidably connected along the planting row direction and their relative positions are fixed by locking members to adjust the planting spacing. The front planting assembly and the rear planting assembly are provided. The front planting assembly includes a front planting box fixedly connected to the outside of the front main frame and a front planting arm assembly installed on the front planting box. The rear planting assembly includes a rear planting box fixedly connected to the outside of the rear main frame and a rear planting arm assembly installed on the rear planting box. The front planting arm assembly and the rear planting arm assembly are used to take seedlings at intervals in the same row and plant two stages of male parent seedlings in the same column. A transmission housing is disposed on one side of the front planting housing. A torque-changing and speed-changing transmission unit is disposed inside the transmission housing. The torque-changing and speed-changing transmission unit is used to convert the input continuous power into the output power that drives the seedling claw to rotate at different speeds during the planting cycle. The split slide is connected at both ends to the front main frame and the rear main frame respectively, and the split slide can extend and retract as the front main frame and the rear main frame move relative to each other. The split seedling carrier assembly is slidably mounted on the upper side of the split slide, and is used to place two trays of male seedlings at different seedling stages respectively; A lateral reciprocating drive unit is provided, which is connected to the torque-changing transmission unit and the split seedling carrier assembly. The lateral reciprocating drive unit is used to drive the split seedling carrier assembly to move laterally and reciprocally. A seedling pressing tray is disposed on the split seedling carrier assembly, and the seedling pressing tray is used to prevent the seedlings from tipping over.

[0006] Preferably, a planting depth adjustment mechanism is provided on one side of the front main frame. The planting depth adjustment mechanism rotates around an axis and is connected to the floating boat assembly. The planting depth adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the soil penetration depth of the seedling claw of the front planting arm assembly.

[0007] Preferably, both the front main frame and the rear main frame are provided with a seedling quantity adjustment mechanism on the front side. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is rotatably disposed on the front main frame and the rear main frame. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is used to drive the split slide to slide up and down to change the vertical distance between the split seedling carrier assembly and the front planting arm assembly and the rear planting arm assembly.

[0008] Preferably, the seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is equipped with an extension rod, which adjusts synchronously with the position change of the rear main frame when adjusting the plant spacing.

[0009] Preferably, the torque converter transmission unit includes an input shaft, a torque converter gear pair, a helical shaft, and an output gear pair. The input shaft is connected to the lower end of the transmission housing. The torque converter gear pair is used to transmit power from the output shaft to the helical shaft. The helical shaft is rotatably and horizontally disposed within the transmission housing. The driving gear of the output gear pair is mounted on the helical shaft, and the driven gear of the output gear pair is mounted on the power input shaft of the front insertion housing.

[0010] Preferably, the torque-variable gear pair consists of a first variable transmission gear and a second variable transmission gear that mesh with each other. The first variable transmission gear is mounted on the input shaft, and the second variable transmission gear is mounted on one end of the helical shaft. The torque-variable gear pair has a changing transmission ratio within one rotation cycle, thereby achieving acceleration during the seedling claw's entry into and exit from the soil.

[0011] Preferably, the transverse reciprocating drive unit includes a transverse rotor frame, which is sleeved on the helical shaft and moves along the guide groove on the helical shaft. The transverse rotor frame is fixedly connected to the split seedling carrier assembly through a support arm.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the split seedling carrier assembly is provided with a sliding groove, and the upper part of the split slide is embedded in the sliding groove, forming a sliding fit between the two.

[0013] On the other hand, a planting device is provided, including the above-mentioned single-row, two-stage rice parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention achieves automated interval planting of single-row, two-stage male parent seedlings by setting the front and rear planting arms in the same row and picking up seedlings from the split seedling platform respectively, completely replacing manual labor and greatly improving efficiency; at the same time, the variable torque and speed transmission unit provides a variable transmission ratio in the planting cycle, which accelerates the seedling claws in the return stage after emergence, effectively solving the problem of dragging and furrowing caused by slow-down planting, and protecting the seedlings and field surface; in addition, through the sliding connection of the front and rear main frames and the follow-up telescopic structure of the split slide, the flexible adjustment of the plant spacing of the two planting arms and the synchronous adaptation of related components are realized, meeting different agronomic requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the entire machine of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the entire machine of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the entire machine of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the floating boat assembly, insertion depth adjustment mechanism, and transverse rotor frame position structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and structure of the front insertion arm assembly and the rear insertion arm assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and structure of the transmission housing, the front insertion housing, and the spiral shaft of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the implantation box in this invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in area A; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions and structures of the floating boat assembly, the front insertion box, and the extension rod of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Floating boat assembly, 2. Front main frame, 3. Rear main frame, 4. Seedling quantity adjustment mechanism, 401. Extension rod, 5. Insertion depth adjustment mechanism, 6. Split seedling carrier assembly, 7. Split slide rail, 8. Front planting box, 801. Power input shaft, 9. Rear planting box, 10. Transmission box, 11. Input shaft, 12. Front planting arm assembly, 13. Rear planting arm assembly, 14. Drive gear, 15. Driven gear, 16. First transmission gear, 17. Second transmission gear, 18. Spiral shaft, 19. Transverse rotor frame, 20. Seedling pressing tray. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution: A variable spacing and variable speed transplanting mechanism for single-row, two-stage rice parent plants, as shown in the instruction manual. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a floating boat assembly 1, with a main frame assembly on top of the floating boat assembly 1. The main frame assembly includes a front main frame 2 and a rear main frame 3. The rear main frame 3 and the front main frame 2 are slidably connected along the planting row direction. The two are fixed in relative position by a locking member. In this embodiment, the locking member is preferably a hand-tightening bolt. The spacing between plants can be fixed by adjusting the hand-tightening bolt.

[0019] The front planting assembly and the rear planting assembly are respectively installed on both sides of the main frame assembly. The front planting assembly includes a front planting box 8 fixedly connected to the outside of the front main frame 2 and a front planting arm assembly 12 installed on the front planting box 8. The rear planting assembly includes a rear planting box 9 fixedly connected to the outside of the rear main frame 3 and a rear planting arm assembly 13 installed on the rear planting box 9. The front planting arm assembly 12 and the rear planting arm assembly 13 are used to take seedlings at intervals in the same row and plant two-stage male parent seedlings in the same column. The plant spacing X (the plant spacing X is the distance between the front planting arm assembly 12 and the rear planting arm assembly 13) can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the rear main frame 3 and the front main frame 2.

[0020] The transmission housing 10 is located on one side of the front planting housing 8. The transmission housing 10 is equipped with a torque converter and speed change transmission unit, which is used to convert the input continuous power into the output power that drives the seedling claw to rotate at different speeds during the planting cycle.

[0021] The split slide 7 is connected to the front main frame 2 and the rear main frame 3 at both ends. The split slide 7 can extend and retract with the relative movement of the front main frame 2 and the rear main frame 3. The split seedling platform assembly 6 is slidably set on the upper side of the split slide 7. The split seedling platform assembly 6 is used to place two trays of male seedlings at different seedling stages. The transverse reciprocating drive unit is connected to the torque converter and speed converter transmission unit and the split seedling platform assembly 6. The transverse reciprocating drive unit is used to drive the split seedling platform assembly 6 to move laterally and reciprocally. The seedling pressing plate 20 is set on the split seedling platform assembly 6. The seedling pressing plate 20 is used to prevent the seedlings from tipping over.

[0022] Example 2 In Example 2, the specific structure of the variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism for single-row two-stage rice paternal parent is further disclosed.

[0023] A depth adjustment mechanism 5 is provided on one side of the front main frame 2. The depth adjustment mechanism 5 rotates around an axis and is connected to the floating boat assembly 1. In this embodiment, the depth adjustment mechanism 5 is a linkage mechanism. The stop bar of the depth adjustment mechanism 5 is set on the front main frame 2. The stop bar of the depth adjustment mechanism 5 is connected to the floating boat assembly 1 through a connecting rod. When the operating handle rotates around the main shaft, the relative position of the connecting rod connected to the floating boat assembly 1 will be changed through the connecting rod, thereby changing the vertical distance between the front main frame 2 and the floating boat assembly 1, and thus adjusting the soil penetration depth of the seedling claws of the front planting arm assembly 12 and the rear planting arm assembly 13.

[0024] Both the front main frame 2 and the rear main frame 3 are equipped with a seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 on the front side. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 includes a rotating frame and an adjustment lever. The rotating frame of the seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 is rotatably connected to the front main frame 2 and the rear main frame 3. When the adjustment lever is operated to drive the rotating frame to rotate, the seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 will move the split slide 7 to slide up or down as a whole. Since the split seedling platform assembly 6 is installed on the split slide 7, the vertical distance between the split seedling platform assembly 6 and the seedling claws of the front and rear planting arms changes when the split slide 7 moves, thereby realizing the adjustment of the seedling quantity each time. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 is equipped with an extension rod 401. When the plant spacing is adjusted (i.e., the rear main frame 3 is moved), the extension rod 401 extends and retracts synchronously with the position change of the rear main frame 3 to ensure that the seedling quantity adjustment function is still effective after the plant spacing is changed.

[0025] Example 3 The specific structures of the torque-variable speed transmission unit and the lateral reciprocating drive unit are disclosed in Embodiment 3.

[0026] The torque converter transmission unit includes an input shaft 11, a torque converter gear pair, a helical shaft 18, and an output gear pair. The input shaft 11 is connected to the lower end of the transmission housing 10 and is used to receive continuous rotational power from a power source (such as an engine or motor). The torque converter gear pair is used to transmit the power from the input shaft 11 to the helical shaft 18. The torque converter gear pair consists of a first transmission gear 16 and a second transmission gear 17 that mesh with each other. The first transmission gear 16 is mounted on the input shaft 11, and the second transmission gear 17 is mounted on the input shaft 11. Mounted at one end of the spiral shaft 18, the torque-changing gear pair has a changing transmission ratio within one rotation cycle. Specifically, the tooth profiles of the first transmission gear 16 and the second transmission gear 17 are both non-circular gear designs. This allows the spiral shaft 18 to obtain a lower speed (increased torque) in the working range where the corresponding seedling claw enters the soil for planting, and a higher speed (increased speed) in the non-working range where the corresponding seedling claw is pulled out of the soil and quickly returns. This allows the seedling claw to accelerate during the soil entry and exit stages, effectively avoiding furrowing.

[0027] The helical shaft 18 is rotatably and horizontally arranged inside the transmission housing 10. The driving gear 14 of the output gear pair is mounted on the helical shaft 18, and the driven gear 15 of the output gear pair is mounted on the power input shaft 801 of the front implantation housing 8. The driving gear 14 and the driven gear 15 mesh with each other to transmit power to the transmission mechanism inside the front implantation housing 8, thereby driving the front implantation arm assembly 12 and the rear implantation arm assembly 13 to rotate synchronously.

[0028] The transverse reciprocating drive unit includes a transverse rotor frame 19, which is sleeved on a helical shaft 18. The transverse rotor frame 19 can move along the guide groove on the helical shaft 18. The surface of the helical shaft 18 is provided with helical or cross-shaped guide grooves. When the helical shaft 18 rotates, the grooves force the transverse rotor frame 19 to reciprocate linearly along the axial direction of the helical shaft. The transverse rotor frame 19 is fixedly connected to the split seedling carrier assembly 6 through a support arm.

[0029] The bottom of the split seedling carrier assembly 6 is provided with a sliding groove, and the upper part of the split slide 7 is embedded in the sliding groove. The two form a sliding fit. Therefore, when the transverse rotor frame 19 drives the split seedling carrier assembly 6 to move laterally back and forth along the split slide 7, the seedling carrier can accurately move laterally by one seedling needle distance after each seedling is picked up by the planting arm, ensuring continuous seedling picking and planting.

[0030] Working Principle: During operation, power is input through the input shaft 11 at the lower end of the transmission housing 10. After torque and speed change via the torque-changing gear pair, the power is transmitted in two paths: one path drives the front planting arm assembly 12 and the rear planting arm assembly 13 to rotate and plant; the other path drives the transverse rotor frame 19 to reciprocate linearly via the screw shaft 18, causing the split seedling platform assembly 6 to move laterally. The floating boat assembly 1 moves with the planting equipment. The insertion depth adjustment mechanism 5 presets the seedling claw insertion depth based on the mud depth in the field, and the seedling quantity adjustment mechanism 4 presets the seedling quantity based on the seedling size. The front planting arm assembly 12 and the rear planting arm assembly 13 respectively pick up seedlings from the two seedling tray areas of the split seedling platform assembly 6, and simultaneously plant two male seedlings from different batches (different seedling stages) at a certain distance in the same row (this distance is determined by the sliding position of the front and rear main frames), thus achieving single-row, two-stage interval planting.

[0031] This application also provides a planting equipment (such as a self-propelled rice transplanter or a suspended seed production transplanter), which includes a single-row, two-stage rice parent variable spacing and speed-changing transplanting mechanism as described in any of the above embodiments. According to actual operation needs, multiple transplanting mechanism units can be installed side by side on the frame to achieve simultaneous operation of multiple rows and further improve production efficiency. This planting equipment has the same technical effect as the above-mentioned transplanting mechanism, which will not be described in detail here.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable-spacing, variable-speed planting mechanism for single-row, two-stage rice parent plants, characterized in that, include: The floating boat assembly has a main frame assembly on top of it. The main frame assembly includes a front main frame and a rear main frame. The rear main frame and the front main frame are slidably connected along the planting row direction and their relative positions are fixed by locking members to adjust the planting spacing. The front planting assembly and the rear planting assembly are provided. The front planting assembly includes a front planting box fixedly connected to the outside of the front main frame and a front planting arm assembly installed on the front planting box. The rear planting assembly includes a rear planting box fixedly connected to the outside of the rear main frame and a rear planting arm assembly installed on the rear planting box. The front planting arm assembly and the rear planting arm assembly are used to take seedlings at intervals in the same row and plant two stages of male parent seedlings in the same column. A transmission housing is disposed on one side of the front planting housing. A torque-changing and speed-changing transmission unit is disposed inside the transmission housing. The torque-changing and speed-changing transmission unit is used to convert the input continuous power into the output power that drives the seedling claw to rotate at different speeds during the planting cycle. The split slide is connected at both ends to the front main frame and the rear main frame respectively, and the split slide can extend and retract as the front main frame and the rear main frame move relative to each other. The split seedling carrier assembly is slidably mounted on the upper side of the split slide, and is used to place two trays of male seedlings at different seedling stages respectively; A lateral reciprocating drive unit is provided, which is connected to the torque-changing transmission unit and the split seedling carrier assembly. The lateral reciprocating drive unit is used to drive the split seedling carrier assembly to move laterally and reciprocally. A seedling pressing tray is disposed on the split seedling carrier assembly, and the seedling pressing tray is used to prevent the seedlings from tipping over.

2. The single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: A planting depth adjustment mechanism is provided on one side of the front main frame. The planting depth adjustment mechanism rotates around an axis and is connected to the floating boat assembly. The planting depth adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the soil penetration depth of the seedling claw of the front planting arm assembly.

3. The single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the front main frame and the rear main frame are provided with a seedling quantity adjustment mechanism on the front side. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is rotatably disposed on the front main frame and the rear main frame. The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is used to drive the split slide to slide up and down to change the vertical distance between the split seedling carrier assembly and the front planting arm assembly and the rear planting arm assembly.

4. The single-row, two-stage rice paternal parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seedling quantity adjustment mechanism is equipped with an extension rod. When adjusting the plant spacing, the extension rod adjusts synchronously with the position change of the rear main frame.

5. The single-row, two-stage rice paternal parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque-converting and speed-changing transmission unit includes an input shaft, a torque-converting and speed-changing gear pair, a helical shaft, and an output gear pair. The input shaft is connected to the lower end of the transmission housing. The torque-converting and speed-changing gear pair is used to transmit the power from the output shaft to the helical shaft. The helical shaft is rotatably and horizontally mounted in the transmission housing. The driving gear of the output gear pair is mounted on the helical shaft, and the driven gear of the output gear pair is mounted on the power input shaft of the front insertion housing.

6. The single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and variable speed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The variable torque and variable speed gear pair consists of a first variable speed transmission tooth and a second variable speed transmission tooth that mesh with each other. The first variable speed transmission tooth is mounted on the input shaft, and the second variable speed transmission tooth is mounted on one end of the helical shaft. The variable torque and variable speed gear pair has a changing transmission ratio within one rotation cycle, which enables acceleration during the seedling claw's entry into and exit from the soil.

7. The single-row, two-stage rice paternal parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transverse reciprocating drive unit includes a transverse rotor frame, which is sleeved on the spiral shaft and moves along the guide groove on the spiral shaft. The transverse rotor frame is fixedly connected to the split seedling carrier assembly through a support arm.

8. The single-row, two-stage rice paternal parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the split seedling carrier assembly is provided with a sliding groove, and the upper part of the split slide is embedded in the sliding groove, forming a sliding fit between the two.

9. The single-row, two-stage rice planting mechanism with variable plant spacing and variable speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking component is a hand-tightening bolt, which is used to fix the plant spacing by adjusting the hand-tightening bolt.

10. A planting device, characterized in that: The single-row, two-stage rice parent variable spacing and variable speed planting mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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