Highly stable anti-burning fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a high-stability anti-burning fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials: a non-ionic organic silicon surfactant, a non-ionic hydrocarbon surfactant, a stabilizer, a polyhydric alcohol additive, a nano inorganic filler and water. The high-stability anti-burning fire extinguishing agent can realize stable dispersion of nano particles, can solve the problems of uneven dispersion and agglomeration of traditional inorganic filler water-based fire extinguishing agents, so that the nano inorganic filler forms a dense network structure by being adsorbed on the surface of a foam liquid film, the mechanical strength and liquid discharge resistance of the liquid film are enhanced, the nano inorganic filler forms a stable protective layer at high temperature, cooling and temperature reduction, oxygen isolation and free radical chain reaction inhibition are realized, rapid and efficient fire extinguishing is realized, the high-stability anti-burning fire extinguishing agent has excellent stability, anti-burning property and anti-reignition capacity, and has great application potential in fire prevention and control of open power facilities such as converter stations and transformer stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agent technology, specifically relating to a highly stable fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart grids and power transmission technologies, open-type power facilities such as converter stations and substations have become key hubs in the energy transmission system. However, these facilities contain a large number of high-voltage cables, transformers, switchgear, and oil-immersed equipment, which often contain flammable liquids such as insulating oil and lubricating oil. Once a fire occurs, it can easily cause damage to critical equipment, instability in the power system, and even trigger large-scale power outages, resulting in severe economic losses and social impacts. Furthermore, fires in power facilities are typically characterized by high voltage levels, rapid fire spread, and a high risk of reignition. Traditional fire extinguishing agents may cause secondary risks such as pollution and corrosion during disposal, significantly increasing the difficulty of firefighting.

[0003] Currently, commonly used extinguishing agents for power facility fires mainly include dry powder extinguishing agents, foam extinguishing agents, and gaseous extinguishing agents. Among them, traditional foam extinguishing agents can achieve oxygen isolation and suffocation by covering the oil surface, but they are prone to rupture and leakage under high-temperature radiation or airflow disturbance conditions, and their stability and fire resistance are insufficient to meet the requirements of complex working conditions. In recent years, nanomaterials have shown promising application prospects in the field of extinguishing agents due to their unique size and interface effects. For example, inorganic nanoparticles such as nano-silica and nano-alumina can significantly enhance the strength and stability of liquid film structures and sinter under high temperatures to form a dense, ceramic-like protective layer, thereby effectively isolating oxygen and inhibiting the escape of flammable gases. However, in existing technologies, nanoparticles are prone to aggregation and sedimentation in liquid systems, making long-term stable dispersion difficult to achieve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome at least one of the problems existing in the prior art, one objective of the present invention is to provide a highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent. A second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent.

[0005] This invention innovatively proposes a fire extinguishing agent, which is obtained by compounding a composite surfactant, a stabilizer, nano-inorganic fillers, functional additives, and water. The composite surfactant uses non-ionic organosilicon surfactants and non-ionic hydrocarbon surfactants, which can achieve stable dispersion of nanoparticles. This allows the nano-inorganic fillers to form a dense network structure by adsorption on the surface of the foam liquid film, enhancing the mechanical strength of the liquid film and the drainage resistance. At the same time, the nano-inorganic fillers form a stable protective layer at high temperatures, which achieves rapid and efficient fire extinguishing by cooling, isolating oxygen, and inhibiting free radical chain reactions. It has excellent stability, anti-burning ability, and anti-reignition ability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of the present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent comprising the following raw materials: a nonionic organosilicon surfactant, a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, a stabilizer, a polyol auxiliary agent, a nano-inorganic filler, and water.

[0007] This invention employs a composite surfactant of nonionic organosilicon surfactant and nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, which can not only effectively reduce the surface tension of water and generate stable foam, but also work synergistically with stabilizers to simultaneously achieve cooling and inhibition of free radical chain reactions, resulting in a stronger fire extinguishing effect, and also achieve stable dispersion of nanofiller particles.

[0008] Preferably, the nonionic silicone surfactant includes at least one of fluoroalkyl polyether modified polysiloxane, ethoxylated modified polytrisiloxane, and polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.

[0009] Preferably, the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant includes at least one of isomeric decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, decyl glucoside, and lauric acid diethanolamide.

[0010] Preferably, the stabilizer includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0011] Preferably, the polyol auxiliaries include at least one of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

[0012] Preferably, the nano-inorganic filler includes at least one of nano-alumina, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-silica, and nano-zirconia.

[0013] Preferably, the particle size of the nano-inorganic filler is 5-50 nm.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is 1:(0.2-5).

[0015] More preferably, the mass ratio of the nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is any value or any two values ​​within the range of 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8, 1:1.0, 1:1.2, 1:1.4, 1:1.6, 1:1.8, 1:2.0, 1:2.2, 1:2.4, 1:2.6, 1:2.8, 1:3.0, 1:3.2, 1:3.4, 1:3.6, 1:3.8, 1:4.0, 1:4.2, 1:4.4, 1:4.6, 1:4.8, and 1:5.0.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the nano-inorganic filler is 1:(5-20).

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the nonionic silicone surfactant to the nano-inorganic filler is any value or any two values ​​within the range of 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, 1:14, 1:16, 1:18, and 1:20.

[0018] Preferably, by weight, it comprises the following raw materials: 1-10 parts of nonionic silicone surfactant, 1-10 parts of nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, 1-10 parts of stabilizer, 20-100 parts of polyol auxiliaries, 20-100 parts of nano-inorganic filler, and 800-1500 parts of water.

[0019] More preferably, the nonionic silicone surfactant is in the range of any two of the following mass fractions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0020] More preferably, the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is in the range of any one or any two of the following mass fractions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 parts.

[0021] More preferably, the mass fraction of the stabilizer is any value or a range formed by any two of the following: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 parts.

[0022] More preferably, the mass fraction of the polyol auxiliary agent is any value or any two values ​​formed by 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 parts.

[0023] More preferably, the mass fraction of the nano-inorganic filler is any value or any two values ​​formed by 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 parts.

[0024] More preferably, the mass fraction of the water is any value or any two of the following: 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, and 1500 parts.

[0025] More preferably, it is prepared from the following raw materials by weight percentage: Nonionic silicone surfactant 0.1-0.9%; Nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants: 0.1-0.9%; Stabilizer 0.1-0.9%; Polyol auxiliaries 2-9%; Nano-inorganic fillers 2-9%; Water is the remainder.

[0026] More preferably, it is prepared from the following raw materials by weight percentage: Nonionic silicone surfactant 0.3-0.6%; Nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants: 0.3-0.6%; Stabilizer 0.3-0.6%; Polyol auxiliaries 3-6%; Nano-inorganic fillers 3-6%; Water is the remainder.

[0027] This invention has found that when the above-mentioned specific mass percentages of components are used, the interaction between the components can be fully stimulated. Nonionic organosilicon surfactants, nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants, stabilizers, polyol additives, and nano-inorganic fillers within a specific dosage range can significantly improve the performance of fire extinguishing agents.

[0028] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: mixing a nonionic organosilicon surfactant, a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, a stabilizer, a polyol auxiliary agent, a nano-inorganic filler, and water to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

[0029] Preferably, the process includes the following steps: preparing a stabilizer with water to form solution 1; preparing a nonionic organosilicon surfactant and a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant with water to form solution 2; and mixing solution 1, solution 2, polyol additive, and nano-inorganic filler to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

[0030] More preferably, the stabilizer is mixed with water at 25-40 °C for 0.5-1 h to obtain solution 1.

[0031] More preferably, a nonionic organosilicon surfactant, a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, and water are mixed at 25-40°C for 0.5-1 h to obtain solution 2.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a highly stable, fire-resistant fire extinguishing agent, which is a water-based fire extinguishing agent compounded with nonionic organosilicon surfactants, nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants, stabilizers, polyol additives, and nano-inorganic fillers. It can achieve stable dispersion of nanoparticles, solving the problems of uneven dispersion and agglomeration in traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents containing inorganic fillers. The nano-inorganic fillers form a dense network structure by adsorption on the surface of the foam liquid film, enhancing the mechanical strength of the liquid film and the drainage resistance. At the same time, the nano-inorganic fillers form a stable protective layer at high temperatures, achieving rapid and efficient fire extinguishing through cooling, oxygen isolation, and inhibition of free radical chain reactions. It has excellent stability, fire resistance, and anti-reignition ability, and has great application potential in fire prevention and control of open power facilities such as converter stations and substations.

[0033] The specific beneficial effects are as follows: (1) Compared with conventional water or ordinary foam fire extinguishing agents that rely solely on surface cooling, the high-stability fire extinguishing agent prepared in this invention significantly reduces surface tension through a composite surfactant system, achieving deep penetration into concealed fire sources. It also works synergistically with stabilizers to simultaneously achieve cooling and inhibition of free radical chain reactions, resulting in a higher fire extinguishing effect.

[0034] (2) Unlike conventional fillers that only serve an inert flame-retardant function, the nano-inorganic fillers in this invention can construct a continuous and dense protective layer in situ at high temperatures, significantly enhancing the ablation resistance and thermal insulation performance, thereby improving the ablation resistance and re-ignition resistance, and are suitable for fire prevention and control of open power facilities.

[0035] (3) A stable dispersion system is constructed by using composite surfactants, polymer stabilizers and polyol additives. The composite surfactants can reduce the interfacial tension of the system and improve the wettability of the surface of the nano-inorganic filler. The polymer stabilizers can improve the dispersion stability of nanoparticles through steric hindrance and hydrogen bonding. The polyol additives can adjust the polarity of the system, slow down the evaporation of water and reduce the solidification temperature. The synergistic effect of the three can effectively inhibit the agglomeration and sedimentation of the nano-inorganic filler, so that it forms a uniform and stable distribution in the fire extinguishing agent system, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the foam liquid film, prolonging the liquid precipitation time and improving the anti-burning performance and anti-reignition ability. It can not only be used for fire prevention and control of open power facilities, but also for rapid fire extinguishing and cooling of lithium-ion batteries. It can effectively suppress lithium battery fires and reduce the probability of battery reignition.

[0036] (4) This high-stability fire extinguishing agent does not contain perfluorinated compounds, halogenated flame retardants and other toxic and harmful components. The surfactants, polyols and inorganic fillers used have good environmental friendliness. The residue after fire extinguishing has low corrosivity and low secondary pollution. It can reduce the adverse effects on power equipment, soil and water environment, meet the requirements of high-performance environmentally friendly fire extinguishing materials, and has broad engineering application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following embodiments can be obtained from conventional commercial channels or prepared and isolated through simple synthesis; unless otherwise specified, the processes employed are conventional processes in the art.

[0038] Example 1 This embodiment provides a highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent, the preparation method of which is as follows. All raw materials are expressed in parts by weight: Mix 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid one; mix 5 parts of fluoroalkyl polyether modified polysiloxane (IOTA 23350), 5 parts of decyl glucoside with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid two. Mix 500 parts of premix liquid one and 500 parts of premix liquid two and stir at 30 °C for 15 min; then add 50 parts of ethylene glycol and stir at 25 °C for 15 min; finally, add 50 parts of nano alumina (average particle size 20 nm) and stir at 25 °C for 10 min to obtain a highly stable fire-resistant extinguishing agent.

[0039] Example 2 This embodiment provides a highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent, the preparation method of which is as follows. All raw materials are expressed in parts by weight: Mix 5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid one; mix 5 parts of ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane, 5 parts of isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid two. Mix 500 parts of premix liquid one and 500 parts of premix liquid two and stir at 30 °C for 15 min; then add 50 parts of ethylene glycol and stir at 25 °C for 15 min; finally, add 50 parts of nano alumina (average particle size 30 nm) and stir at 25 °C for 10 min to obtain a highly stable fire-resistant extinguishing agent.

[0040] Example 3 This embodiment provides a highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent, the preparation method of which is as follows. All raw materials are expressed in parts by weight: Mix 5 parts of polyethylene glycol with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid one; mix 5 parts of fluoroalkyl polyether modified polysiloxane (IOTA 23350), 5 parts of isomeric decaol polyoxyethylene ether with 500 parts of water and stir at 35 °C for 0.5 h to obtain premix liquid two. Mix 500 parts of premix liquid one and 500 parts of premix liquid two and stir at 30 °C for 15 min; then add 50 parts of propylene glycol and stir at 25 °C for 15 min; finally, add 50 parts of nano-zirconia (average particle size 50 nm) and stir at 25 °C for 10 min to obtain a highly stable fire-resistant extinguishing agent.

[0041] Fire extinguishing agent performance characterization The highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agents of Examples 1-3 above were tested according to the GB 15308-2006 standard for foam extinguishing agents.

[0042] The highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent prepared in Example 1 was tested and found to have a surface tension of 17.8 mN / m, a 25% precipitation time of 13.5 min, and a fire-resistant time of 17.5 min.

[0043] The highly stable fire extinguishing agent prepared in Example 2 was tested and found to have a surface tension of 20.2 mN / m, a 25% precipitation time of 11.8 min, and a fire resistance time of 15.5 min.

[0044] The highly stable, fire-resistant extinguishing agent prepared in Example 3 was tested and found to have a surface tension of 19.6 mN / m, a 25% precipitation time of 12.2 min, and a fire-resistant time of 17.2 min.

[0045] All test items of the high-stability, fire-resistant extinguishing agents in Examples 1-3 met the standard requirements. In the field of extinguishing agents, the lower the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, the faster it can spread into a film. When the surface tension is below 28 mN / m, the liquid can cover the wood surface within 1 second. The surface tension of the extinguishing agents in Examples 1-3 is ≤20.2 mN / m, effectively forming a barrier to isolate oxygen and effectively preventing the volatilization of combustible vapors. The 25% liquid separation time is one of the key indicators for evaluating the fire extinguishing performance, stability, and fire resistance of foam liquid. It refers to the time required for 25% of the mass of liquid to separate from the foam under certain conditions. The relevant industry standard requires it to be greater than 6 minutes. The liquid separation time of the extinguishing agents in Examples 1-3 can reach 11.8 minutes. The fire resistance time refers to the time for the foam layer to maintain its integrity and fire extinguishing ability under high temperature environment. The tests of the extinguishing agents in Examples 1-3 show that their foam layer can maintain a stable state for more than 15 minutes under continuous high temperature. In summary, the highly stable and fire-resistant extinguishing agents of Examples 1-3 exhibit excellent foam stability, fire extinguishing performance, and fire resistance.

[0046] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials: nonionic organosilicon surfactants, nonionic hydrocarbon surfactants, stabilizers, polyol additives, nano-inorganic fillers, and water.

2. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nonionic silicone surfactant includes at least one of fluoroalkyl polyether modified polysiloxane, ethoxylated modified polytrisiloxane, and polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane.

3. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant includes at least one of isomeric decayl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, decyl glucoside, and lauric acid diethanolamide.

4. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

5. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyol auxiliaries include at least one of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.

6. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-inorganic filler includes at least one of nano-alumina, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-silica, and nano-zirconia. And / or, the particle size of the nano-inorganic filler is 5-50 nm.

7. The extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant is 1:(0.2-5); And / or, the mass ratio of the nonionic organosilicon surfactant to the nano-inorganic filler is 1:(5-20).

8. The extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 1-10 parts of nonionic silicone surfactant, 1-10 parts of nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, 1-10 parts of stabilizer, 20-100 parts of polyol auxiliaries, 20-100 parts of nano-inorganic filler and 800-1500 parts of water.

9. A method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps: mixing a nonionic organosilicon surfactant, a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant, a stabilizer, a polyol auxiliary agent, a nano-inorganic filler, and water to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

10. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include: preparing a stabilizer with water to form solution 1; preparing a nonionic organosilicon surfactant and a nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant with water to form solution 2; and mixing solution 1, solution 2, polyol additive, and nano-inorganic filler to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.