Combined filling mining system

Abstract

The utility model provides a combined filling mining system. The system specifically comprises access stopes in each layered area, a middle-section transportation connection roadway used for connecting the access stopes with ore blocks, a layered connection roadway connected with the middle-section transportation connection roadway, and an outside-vein draw shaft connected with the middle-section transportation connection roadway and the layered connection roadway, the filling air return shaft is connected with the drift stope; the segmented gate way is connected with the layered connection roadway and the outside-vein draw shaft; the drift stope comprises an upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope and an upward drift filling mining method stope which are arranged along the trend of the ore body; the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stopes and the upward drift filling mining method stopes are arranged at intervals in the same horizontal direction; grouting anchor rods for pre-supporting are arranged on adjacent side walls of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope and the upward drift filling mining method stope. According to the utility model, the advantages of the two are combined, the stability and safety of the stope are ensured, and the production capacity of the whole large stope is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of metal mineral mining, in particular to a combined filling mining system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of metal mineral mining, it has always been a difficult problem to mine extremely broken and medium-thick ore bodies with complex mining conditions. At present, the traditional mining methods for mining such ore bodies mainly include upward horizontal layered filling method, upward approach filling mining method, downward approach filling mining method, etc. For some ore bodies in special environments, especially extremely broken and medium-thick ore bodies, the single upward approach filling mining method and downward approach filling mining method have problems such as low production capacity, complex process, and high mining cost. At present, the single upward approach filling mining method or downward approach filling mining method is difficult to adapt to the mining of such ore bodies.

[0003] The upward approach filling method is a common mining method, which is suitable for the case where the ore body is thick, the inclination is small, and the ore and surrounding rock are relatively stable. This method is usually used for mining shallow ore deposits, such as underground mines and open-pit mines. In the mining system formed based on this mining method, the use of filling materials can effectively control the ground pressure and reduce the risk of surface subsidence and goaf collapse. The design of the stope and process in this type of mining system needs to consider many factors, such as geological conditions, ore characteristics, etc., and faces problems such as difficult on-site construction organization and management, high production costs and complex processes.

[0004] The mining system based on the upward horizontal layered filling method is suitable for inclined medium-thick ore bodies and has the advantages of large production capacity and low cost. However, the use of this mining system to mine extremely broken ore bodies requires management of the stope roof and pre-support of the roof. Although the production capacity is greater than that of the approach method, it also has the disadvantages of difficult on-site management, long support time, and complex process.

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved mining system with simple structure, good recovery safety, high mining efficiency and large production capacity to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide a combined filling mining system with simple structure, good recovery safety, high mining efficiency and large production capacity for extremely broken and medium-thick ore bodies.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the utility model, the utility model provides a combined filling mining system, which specifically includes an approach stope in each stratified area, a middle transport connecting tunnel for connecting the approach stope and the ore block, a stratified connecting tunnel connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel, an outer vein chute connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel and the stratified connecting tunnel, a filling return air shaft connected to the approach stope, and a segmented horizontal tunnel connected to the stratified connecting tunnel and the outer vein chute; the approach stope includes an upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and an upward approach filling mining stope arranged along the direction of the ore body; the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and the upward approach filling mining stope are arranged at intervals in the same horizontal direction; the adjacent side walls of the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and the upward approach filling mining stope are provided with grouting anchor rods for pre-support.

[0008] As a further improvement of the utility model, the stratified area includes an approach stope for mining and ore blocks to be mined; the approach stops of upper and lower adjacent strata in the stratified area are arranged in a herringbone shape.

[0009] As a further improvement of the utility model, the approach stope includes a plurality of ore recovery bodies and filling bodies.

[0010] As a further improvement of the utility model, the height of each of the recovered ore bodies and the corresponding filling body is equal.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the filling body includes three layers, which are divided into a first filling body at the bottom, a second filling body at the middle, and a third filling body at the top along the height direction.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the height of the first filling body is 3.3 m, the height of the second filling body is 1.4 m, and the height of the third filling body is 0.5 m.

[0013] As a further improvement of the utility model, the grouting anchor includes an anchor body, a grouting plug arranged at the lower part of the anchor body, a grouting conduit extending from the bottom of the anchor body into the interior of the anchor body, a grouting hole arranged on the outside of the anchor body, a slurry sensor arranged at the top of the anchor body, and a slurry sensing controller connected to the slurry sensor.

[0014] As a further improvement of the utility model, a pad is provided at the lower part of the slurry stopper, a nut is provided at the lower part of the pad, and the slurry stopper, the pad and the nut are connected via a column provided with threads.

[0015] As a further improvement of the utility model, the length of the grouting anchor rod is 1.8 to 2.4 m, the diameter of the grouting conduit is 50 mm, the anchor rod body is provided with φ8 mm grouting holes, and the spacing of the anchor rod bodies is 0.75 m×1.50 m.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the slurry sensing controller includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light and a control switch connected to the slurry sensor.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] 1. The combined filling mining system provided by the utility model can operate in parallel in different areas by setting up upward horizontal layered filling mining method stopes and upward approach filling mining method stopes at intervals on the same level, thereby reducing the problem of extended mining cycle caused by a single method. Compared with setting up a single upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope or an upward approach filling mining method stope to recover this type of ore body, the overall support cost and engineering workload are reduced, the overall safety of the stope and the comprehensive production capacity of the entire large stope are improved, the production efficiency is accelerated, the operation cycle time of the stope is shortened, and the ore loss and depletion rate is low. At the same time, the stope layout can be more flexible and simple according to the on-site lithology conditions, the on-site organization and management are simple, and it is easy to improve the operating efficiency.

[0019] 2. The combined filling mining system provided by the utility model simplifies the support process by adopting grouting anchor rods to support the side walls, thereby accelerating the support efficiency as a whole, and accelerating the recovery efficiency while ensuring the stability of the side walls. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A front view of the combined filling mining system provided by the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view in the II-II direction;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view in the direction of III-III;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the side support of the combined filling mining system provided by the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the combined mining system provided by the utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an automatic induction grouting anchor rod for a combined mining system provided by the utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a slurry sensing control switch of a combined mining system provided by the utility model.

[0027] Reference numerals

[0028] 1-middle transport connecting tunnel; 2-layer connecting tunnel; 3-ore block; 4-caved ore; 5-approach stope; 6-anchor body; 7-segmented level tunnel; 8-external chute; 9-filling return air shaft; 10-slurry stopper; 11-pad; 12-nut; 13-thread; 14-grouting conduit; 15-grouting hole; 16-slurry sensor; 17-slurry sensing controller; 18-red indicator light; 19-green indicator light; 20-control switch; 21-upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope; 22-upward approach filling mining method stope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0031] In addition, it should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0032] The utility model provides a combined filling mining system, the system specifically comprises

[0033] An approach stope 5 in each stratified area, a middle transport connecting tunnel 1 for connecting the approach stope 5 and the ore block 3, a stratified connecting tunnel 2 connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel 1, an outer vein chute 8 connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel 1 and the stratified connecting tunnel 2, a filling return air shaft 9 connected to the approach stope 5, and a segmented horizontal tunnel 7 connected to the stratified connecting tunnel 2 and the outer vein chute 8; the approach stope 5 includes an upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope 21 and an upward approach filling mining stope 22 arranged along the direction of the ore body; the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining stope 22 are arranged at intervals in the same horizontal direction; the adjacent side walls of the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining stope 22 are provided with grouting anchor rods 6 for pre-support. Such a setting can effectively avoid the limitations brought by a single mining method. The left and right interval arrangement helps to disperse ground stress, improve mining safety, achieve balanced utilization of resources, and improve recovery efficiency.

[0034] Specifically, see Figure 5 The layered area includes an approach stope 5 for mining and a ore block 3 to be mined; the approach stopes 5 of the upper and lower adjacent layers of the layered area are arranged in a herringbone shape. Such an arrangement can reduce the stress concentration of the roof and the floor, and is conducive to the effective recovery of mineral resources and the rational use of ore pillars.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 , the approach mining site 5 includes a number of recovered ore bodies and filling bodies. The height of each recovered ore body and the corresponding filling body are equal. The filling body includes three layers, which are divided into a first filling body at the bottom, a second filling body in the middle, and a third filling body at the top along the height direction. The height of the first filling body is 3.3m, the height of the second filling body is 1.4m, and the height of the third filling body is 0.5m. In an embodiment of the utility model, the approach mining site 5 includes collapsed ore 4, and the collapsed ore 4 is transported out of the mining site through an extra-vein chute 8. With such a configuration, filling materials with different characteristics can be selected according to different geological conditions and mining requirements to achieve the best support and stability effects.

[0036] See also Figure 4 and Figure 6The grouting anchor 6 includes an anchor body 6, a stopper 10 disposed at the lower part of the anchor body 6, a grouting conduit 14 extending from the bottom of the anchor body 6 into the anchor body 6, a grouting hole 15 disposed on the outer side of the anchor body 6, a grouting sensor 16 disposed at the top of the anchor body 6, and a grouting induction controller 17 connected to the grouting sensor 16. Such a configuration can help to ensure the stability of the side wall while accelerating the recovery efficiency and reducing the support cost through reasonable spacing and design parameters. A pad 11 is disposed at the lower part of the stopper 10, and a nut 12 is disposed at the lower part of the pad 11. The stopper 10, the pad 11 and the nut 12 are connected by a column provided with a thread 13. The length of the grouting anchor 6 is 1.8 to 2.4 m, the diameter of the grouting conduit 14 is 50 mm, the anchor body 6 is provided with a grouting hole 15 of φ8 mm, and the spacing of the anchor body 6 is 0.75 m×1.50 m. Such a setting can help speed up mining efficiency and reduce support costs while ensuring the stability of the side walls through reasonable spacing and design parameters.

[0037] See also Figure 7 The slurry sensing controller 17 includes a red indicator light 18, a green indicator light 19 and a control switch 20 connected to the slurry sensor 16. Such a setting can provide intuitive filling status feedback and a control mechanism that is easy to operate. If the red indicator light 18 is on, it means that the grouting is full and the grouting stops automatically; if the green indicator light 19 is on, it means that the grouting has not been completed and the grouting is in progress; the use of automatic sensing grouting anchor 6 can avoid the waste of slurry and realize automatic control, thereby improving support efficiency and reducing support costs, and accelerating recovery time.

[0038] The structure of the combined filling mining system and its mining process provided by the utility model are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0039] (1) Stope division and stope structure parameter setting

[0040] The middle section is divided into 3 blocks along the strike, which are 40m long and 10m wide, with the thickness of the ore body. There are no pillars between the 3 blocks, and the height is 60m. The section height is 10m, the layer height is 3.3m, and there are no top and bottom pillars. The upward horizontal layered filling mining stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining stope 22 are arranged along the strike of the ore body, adjacent to each other and spaced apart in the same horizontal direction. The upward horizontal layered filling mining stope 21 is 40m long, 5m wide, 3.0m layer height, 6.3m pre-controlled top height, and 3.3m filling height; the upward approach filling mining stope 22 is 40m long, 5m wide, and the approach size is 2.5m (width) × 3.3m (height).

[0041] (2) Layout of mining and cutting projects

[0042] The mining is carried out using an off-vein ramp. The ramp is arranged in the surrounding rock of the lower plate of the ore body. A segmented horizontal tunnel 7 is arranged every 10m of the mining area descending. The segmented connecting road is connected to the ramp. Each layer of the mining area is excavated from the segmented horizontal tunnel 7 to the ore body through a layered connecting tunnel 2. Each segment can serve the mining of 3 layers. Starting from the segmented horizontal tunnel 7, a layered connecting tunnel 2 is excavated every 80m along the direction of the ore body to reach the lower plate of the ore body. After the layered connecting tunnel 2 reaches the lower plate of the ore body, a horizontal layered mine exit tunnel is excavated forward until the upper plate of the ore body is penetrated. A filling return air shaft 9 is arranged in each mining area, and a chute 8 is arranged outside the vein according to the transportation distance. The vertical layered transportation tunnels are arranged in the upward horizontal layered filling method mining area 21 and the upward approach filling mining method mining area 22, 2m 3 The scrapers enter the respective mining areas through the layered transport tunnels and shovel the ore that has collapsed from the approach to the outer chute 8.

[0043] (3) Mining technology

[0044] In the upward horizontal layer filling mining method, the first layer in stope 21 has a mining height of 6.3m and a filling height of 3.3m. The remaining 3.0m is used as the working space for the previous layer mining. When the previous layer mining is carried out, the mining height is 3.3m each time and the filling height is 3.3m. That is, the maximum top control height of the stope is 6.3m and the top control height is 3.0m. When the first layer mining is carried out, the cutting level is used as the free surface for blasting. For other layers, the quasi-horizontal hole is used to press the ore with the lower space as the free surface and compensation space.

[0045] The upward horizontal layered entry stope 21 starts from the bottom horizontal layered cutting level, with the entry arranged along the ore body strike, and the adjacent entry adopts the method of one-on-one mining. The upper and lower adjacent layered mining entry is staggered by half the entry width to form a herringbone arrangement or staggered between the upper and lower layered entry. The cross-sectional size of the first layered entry is 2.5m (width) × 3.3m (height).

[0046] The mining method of adjacent mine rooms of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 is carried out, that is, the approach close to the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 is mined first, and at the same time, the mining of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 lags behind the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 by at least one cycle of advancement. After the first approach is filled, the other approach stope is mined, and then the other approach stope is filled. After the filling is completed, the adjacent side walls of the upper layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 are pre-supported, and then the upper horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upper approach filling mining method stope 22 are continued to be mined, and the mining process is repeated in this way.

[0047] In the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 and the upward horizontal layer filling mining method stope 21, the rock drilling adopts a shallow hole drilling trolley and the tunnel excavation type drilling. The ore that has fallen in the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 and the upward horizontal layer filling mining method stope 21 adopts a 2m 3 The electric scraper loader unloads the mine. The scraper shovels the ore from the approach road and transports it to the layered mine exit tunnel. It then passes through the layered connecting tunnel 2 and the segmented horizontal tunnel 7 and pours it into the chute 8.

[0048] (4) Support technology

[0049] After the blasting of the upward moisture layered filling mining method stope 21, the upper plate and the roof are exposed. After the ventilation is completed, the prying and risk removal are carried out to remove the floating stones on the top wall. The roof of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 is not supported, but the side walls adjacent to the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upward access filling mining method stope 22 are pre-supported. The automatic induction grouting anchor rod 6 is used to pass the grouting conduit 14 into the designated position for anchoring support. The automatic induction grouting anchor rod 6 has a length of 1.8 to 2.4 m, the grouting conduit 14 has a diameter of 50 mm, and the anchor rod is drilled with a φ8 mm grouting hole 15, and the anchor rod spacing is 0.75 m × 1.50 m. Among them, the automatic sensing grouting anchor 6 includes a grouting plug 10, a pad 11, a nut 12, a thread 13, a grouting conduit 14, a grouting hole 15, a slurry sensor 16, and a slurry sensing controller 17; the slurry sensing controller 17 includes a red indicator light 18, a green indicator light 19, and a control switch 20.

[0050] (5) Filling process

[0051] The filling of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 are both carried out in stages. The strength and proportion of the filling body are different in different sections and positions of the stope. The filling height of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the upward approach filling mining method stope 22 are both 3.3m, which are filled in three times. The first two filling heights are 1.4m, and the last one is the top filling with a height of 0.5m. A 3m recovery space is reserved for the next layer of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21.

[0052] For the upward approach filling mining method stope 22, after the first approach is mined, the upward horizontal layered filling mining method stope 21 and the first approach stope are filled, using full tailings cementation filling, and then the second approach stope is mined and filled. After the filling of the entire large stope is completed, the next layer is mined and filled. The order of filling and mining in other layered stopes is analogous.

[0053] The filling work can be carried out after the filling pipeline, filling retaining wall and exhaust pipe are erected. That is, before filling, the mine to be filled is cleaned and the field is leveled. The filling pipe passes through the filling return air shaft 9 to the layered mine exit lane, enters the mining field and the access road to be filled, and the filling pipe is erected at the highest point of the mining field and the access road. During the filling process, the exhaust pipe of the filling access road should be carefully observed. When the filling has been connected to the top, that is, when the exhaust pipe discharges water or slurry, the filling should be stopped.

[0054] In order to ensure the filling effect, the filling body strength is required to be no less than 1MPa, the bottom 1.0m of the filling body is filled with high-strength filling body, the filling body strength is no less than 2MPa, and at the same time, the surface filling is carried out within the 0.5m high range above the filling body, and the surface filling strength is no less than 2MPa, ensuring the rock drilling rig and 2m 3 Normal operation of the scraper.

[0055] For the upward approach filling method, the filling must be as close to the top as possible. In order to ensure that the filling is close to the top, the slope of the approach is maintained at 3° to 5° during mining. And the filling pipe water and pipe washing water do not enter the filling area.

[0056] To sum up, the utility model provides a combined filling mining system, which is a combined mining method combining upward horizontal stratification and upward approach filling. The combined mining method overcomes the respective shortcomings of the single upward horizontal stratification filling method and the upward approach filling method, and has the advantages of these two mining methods. First, the side walls mined by the upward horizontal stratification filling method are pre-supported. At the same level, the upward approach filling mining method mine 22 adjacent to the upward horizontal stratification filling mining method mine 21 must have at least one cycle advance in priority. The upward horizontal stratification filling method and the upward approach filling method are used to jointly mine the same broken ore body, and then filling is carried out, and the cycle is repeated in sequence to improve the production capacity of the entire large mine.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model rather than to limit it. Although the utility model is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the utility model can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. A combined filling mining system, Features: It includes an approach stope in each stratified area, a middle transport connecting tunnel for connecting the approach stope and the ore block, a stratified connecting tunnel connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel, an outer vein chute connected to the middle transport connecting tunnel and the stratified connecting tunnel, a filling return air shaft connected to the approach stope, and a segmented horizontal tunnel connected to the stratified connecting tunnel and the outer vein chute; the approach stope includes an upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and an upward approach filling mining stope arranged along the direction of the ore body; the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and the upward approach filling mining stope are arranged at intervals in the same horizontal direction; the adjacent side walls of the upward horizontal stratified filling mining stope and the upward approach filling mining stope are provided with grouting anchors for pre-support.

2. The combined filling mining system according to claim 1, Features: The layered area includes the approach stope and the ore blocks to be mined; the approach stops of the upper and lower adjacent layers of the layered area are arranged in a herringbone shape.

3. The combined filling mining system according to claim 2, Features: The approach stope includes a plurality of ore recovery bodies and filling bodies.

4. The combined filling mining system according to claim 3, Features: The heights of each of the recovered ore bodies and the corresponding filling bodies are equal.

5. The combined filling mining system according to claim 3, Features: The filling body comprises three layers, which are divided into a first filling body at the bottom, a second filling body at the middle, and a third filling body at the top along the height direction.

6. The combined filling mining system according to claim 5, Features: The height of the first filling body is 3.3 m, the height of the second filling body is 1.4 m, and the height of the third filling body is 0.5 m.

7. The combined filling mining system according to claim 1, Features: The grouting anchor includes an anchor body, a grouting plug arranged at the lower part of the anchor body, a grouting conduit extending from the bottom of the anchor body into the interior of the anchor body, a grouting hole arranged on the outside of the anchor body, a slurry sensor arranged at the top of the anchor body, and a slurry sensing controller connected to the slurry sensor.

8. The combined filling mining system according to claim 7, Features: A backing plate is arranged at the lower part of the slurry stopper, a nut is arranged at the lower part of the backing plate, and the slurry stopper, the backing plate and the nut are connected via a column provided with threads.

9. The combined filling mining system according to claim 7, Features: The length of the grouting anchor rod is 1.8-2.4 m, the diameter of the grouting conduit is 50 mm, the anchor rod body is provided with φ8 mm grouting holes, and the spacing of the anchor rod bodies is 0.75 m×1.50 m.

10. A combined filling mining system according to claim 7, Features: The slurry sensing controller includes a red indicator light, a green indicator light and a control switch connected to the slurry sensor.

Images