Single-chip microcomputer simulation boost circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single-chip microcomputer simulation boost circuit, and relates to the Pack battery pack charging field, the boost circuit comprises a main control unit, a boost unit, an amplification unit, a power supply unit and a conversion unit, the input end of the power supply unit is electrically connected with the output end of a lithium battery pack, and the output end of the lithium battery pack is electrically connected with the amplification unit. The output end of the power supply unit is electrically connected with the input end of a main single-chip microcomputer in the main control unit, the main single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected with the control end of a switching tube, the main single-chip microcomputer in the main control unit is arranged, so that the circuit has flexibility and programmability, the single-chip microcomputer analog booster circuit is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer analog booster circuit is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer. Programming and adjustment can be carried out according to needs, so that an operator can change parameters and working modes of the boost circuit more flexibly to meet different requirements; by arranging the boosting unit, circuit boosting is completed, meanwhile, cost benefits are saved, common elements are used in the boosting unit, and the material cost is relatively low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of Pack battery pack charging, in particular to a circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip computer. Background Art

[0002] The microcontroller analog boost circuit is a power management circuit used in electronic devices. The circuit uses a microcontroller to control the conduction and cutoff of the switch tube to adjust the inductor energy storage and achieve voltage increase. By periodically switching the connection state of the inductor and capacitor, the input low voltage is converted into an output high voltage. This circuit is widely used in portable electronic devices, solar charging systems and other fields. It can improve power utilization, extend battery life, and meet the needs of electronic devices for efficient and stable power supply. With the continuous development and increasing demand of electronic products, the microcontroller analog boost circuit has become one of the research hotspots in the field of power management.

[0003] The existing boost circuit is limited by the specifications and functions of the chip. A dedicated boost chip is needed to implement the boost circuit for a specific number of batteries. The flexibility is relatively low. At the same time, the circuit has high requirements on circuit stability and its adjustable ability is not strong enough. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a single-chip microcomputer analog boost circuit. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a circuit for simulating boosting of a single-chip microcomputer is provided. The technical solution solves the problem that the existing boost circuit proposed in the above background technology is limited by the specifications and functions of the chip, and a dedicated boost chip is needed to implement the boost circuit of a specific number of batteries, and the flexibility is relatively low. At the same time, the circuit has high requirements on the stability of the circuit and the adjustable ability is not strong enough.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] A circuit for simulating boosting of a single-chip computer comprises a main control unit, a boosting unit, an amplifying unit, a power supply unit and a conversion unit, wherein an input end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to an output end of a lithium battery pack, an output end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to an input end of a main single-chip computer in the main control unit, the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to a control end of a switch tube, a sixteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to a fourteenth resistor in the conversion unit, a first pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to a sixth resistor in the boosting unit, one end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to a ninth resistor, a seventeenth pin of the main single-chip computer is connected in series with a thirteenth resistor and is electrically connected to an anode of a sixth diode, a cathode of the sixth diode is electrically connected to a first pin of a fifth connector, a fourth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to an anode of a fourth diode in the amplifying unit, and the amplifying unit further comprises a first triode and a second PMOS tube, a base of the first triode is electrically connected to a tenth resistor and an eleventh resistor at the same time, and an end of the tenth resistor away from the first triode is electrically connected to the cathodes of the third diode and the fourth diode.

[0007] Preferably, the boost unit further includes a first inductor, one end of the first inductor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the third capacitor.

[0008] Preferably, the boost unit further includes a seventh resistor, one end of the seventh resistor is grounded and electrically connected to the USB port, and the other end of the seventh resistor is also electrically connected to a USB port.

[0009] Preferably, the main control unit further includes a fifth capacitor, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and to the ninth pin of the main single-chip computer.

[0010] Preferably, the eighteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the third pin of the third connector, and the nineteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the fourth pin of the third connector.

[0011] Preferably, the emitter of the first transistor is grounded, the collector is connected in series with a fifth resistor and is electrically connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor, and an eleventh resistor is connected in series with the emitter and base of the first transistor.

[0012] Preferably, a second resistor is connected in series between the drain and gate of the second PMOS tube, a source of the second PMOS tube is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and to the first resistor, and a first fuse is connected in series between the drain of the second PMOS tube.

[0013] Preferably, the fifth pin of the fifth connector is electrically connected to a switch tube, the second pin and the third pin of the fifth connector are each connected in series with a resistor and a light-emitting diode, and the second pin and the third pin of the fifth connector are electrically connected to the sixth pin and the fifth pin of the main microcontroller respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the conversion unit also includes a fifth transistor and a seventh transistor, the emitter of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the emitter of the seventh transistor, and the emitter of the fifth transistor and the emitter of the seventh transistor are electrically connected through a fifteenth resistor and a sixth NMOS tube connected in series.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] In the circuit of a single-chip microcomputer simulation boost proposed in this scheme, by setting the main single-chip microcomputer in the main control unit, the circuit has flexibility and programmability. The single-chip microcomputer simulation boost circuit is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer and can be programmed and adjusted as needed, so that the operator can more flexibly change the parameters and working mode of the boost circuit to meet different needs; by setting the boost unit to complete the circuit boost, it also saves cost benefits. The boost unit uses common components and the material cost is relatively low. At the same time, since the boost unit does not require an additional boost chip, the overall cost of the single-chip microcomputer simulation boost circuit will be lower; the single-chip microcomputer simulation boost circuit in the boost unit can realize specific functions and control strategies by modifying the code. This means that it can be customized according to the requirements of the application to meet specific needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the main control unit in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the boost unit in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the amplifying unit in the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the third connector in the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the fifth connector in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the power structure of the conversion unit in the utility model; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-7 As shown, a circuit for simulating boosting of a single-chip microcomputer includes a main control unit, a boosting unit, an amplifying unit, a power supply unit and a conversion unit. The input end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to the output end of the lithium battery pack, the output end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to the input end of the main single-chip microcomputer U1 in the main control unit, the main single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected to the switch tube control end, the sixteenth pin PWM14 of the main single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected to the fourteenth resistor R14 in the conversion unit, the first pin AN7 of the main single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected to the sixth resistor R6 in the boosting unit, one end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected to the ninth resistor R9, and the main single-chip microcomputer U1 is electrically connected to the switch tube control end. The seventeenth pin PWM12 of 1 is connected in series with a thirteenth resistor R13 and is electrically connected to the anode of the sixth diode D6, the cathode of the sixth diode D6 is electrically connected to the first pin 1 of the fifth connector J5, the fourth pin P17 of the main microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4 in the amplifying unit, the amplifying unit also includes a first transistor G1 and a second PMOS tube Q2, the base 1 of the first transistor G1 is electrically connected to the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 at the same time, and the end of the tenth resistor R10 away from the first transistor G1 is electrically connected to the cathodes of the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4.

[0026] Specifically, the main single-chip microcomputer U1 gives a high-frequency PWM signal to the control end of the switch tube Q3 to store and release the energy in the inductor, thereby achieving a voltage increase; the main single-chip microcomputer U1 can be MC51F003A4 in the Shengsiwei series of general-purpose MCUs, whose operating voltage range is 2.0~5.5V, and is a fully static 8-bit 1T 8051 core CMOS microcontroller, the instruction set is fully compatible with MCS-51, and has a 2-level priority interrupt configuration; the switch tube is 8205S, which is a commonly used N-channel MOSFET, usually used in low-voltage, low-power switching circuits and power amplifiers. In the single-chip microcomputer analog boost circuit, 8205S can be used as a switch tube in the boost converter to control the switch state of the circuit, thereby achieving the boost function. Generally, in the single-chip analog boost circuit, a boost converter is used. Its basic working principle is to use a switch tube (such as 8205S) to alternately add the input voltage to the inductor, and then transfer the electric energy to the output end through the diode and the output filter capacitor to achieve boost. 8205S can provide advantages such as high-speed switching characteristics and low leakage resistance, and is suitable for low-power, high-efficiency, and high-frequency boost converter design.

[0027] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the boost unit also includes a first inductor L1, one end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of the third capacitor C3. The boost unit also includes a seventh resistor R7, one end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded and electrically connected to the USB port, and the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is also electrically connected to a USB port. The inductance of the first inductor L1 is 22uH, which is used for boosting the 6-cell lithium battery pack. In the single-chip microcomputer analog boost circuit, the first inductor L1 is a very important component and plays a variety of key roles. The first inductor L1 can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store it when working, and then convert the magnetic energy back to electrical energy output when needed. This energy storage characteristic enables the first inductor L1 to provide output current smoothly in the boost circuit, thereby stabilizing the output voltage. In the single-chip microcomputer analog boost circuit, the first inductor L1 can smooth the output voltage waveform. When the switch element switches on and off, the first inductor L1 generates a reverse electromotive force, thereby slowing down the speed of current change and reducing the ripple and noise of the output voltage. The first inductor L1 can reduce the loss in the circuit and improve the conversion efficiency. By reasonably designing the parameters of the first inductor L1 and controlling the working mode of the switch element, the energy loss can be reduced and the efficiency of the entire boost circuit can be improved. The first inductor L1 can also play a role in protecting other circuit elements in the single-chip microcomputer analog boost circuit. For example, when the switch element is switched, the first inductor L1 can prevent the generation of instantaneous large current, thereby protecting the switch element and other circuit elements from damage.

[0028] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the main control unit further includes a fifth capacitor C5, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded, and the other end is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and electrically connected to the ninth pin VDD of the main microcontroller U1. The eighteenth pin CLK of the main microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the third pin 3 of the third connector J3, and the nineteenth pin DIO of the main microcontroller U1 is electrically connected to the fourth pin 4 of the third connector J3.

[0029] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the emitter 2 of the first transistor G1 is grounded, the collector 3 is connected in series with the fifth resistor R5 and is electrically connected to the gate 1 of the second PMOS transistor Q2, and the emitter 2 and base 1 of the first transistor G1 are connected in series with an eleventh resistor R11.

[0030] Reference Figure 4As shown, the drain 2 and gate 1 of the second PMOS tube Q2 are connected in series with a second resistor R2, the source 3 of the second PMOS tube Q2 is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and the first resistor R1, and the drain of the second PMOS tube Q2 is connected in series with a first fuse F1.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the fifth pin 5 of the fifth connector J5 is electrically connected to a switch tube, the second pin 2 and the third pin 3 of the fifth connector J5 are both connected in series with a resistor and a light-emitting diode, and the second pin 2 and the third pin 3 of the fifth connector J5 are electrically connected to the sixth pin P01 and the fifth pin P00 of the main microcontroller U1 respectively.

[0032] Reference Figure 7 As shown, the conversion unit also includes a fifth transistor Q5 and a seventh transistor Q7, the emitter 2 of the fifth transistor Q5 is electrically connected to the emitter 2 of the seventh transistor Q7, and the emitter 2 of the fifth transistor Q5 is electrically connected to the emitter 2 of the seventh transistor Q7 through a fifteenth resistor R15 and a sixth NMOS tube Q6 connected in series.

[0033] Working principle and implementation method: When the circuit is in simulated operation, when the switch tube is turned on, the electric energy of the input power supply of the power supply unit is stored in the inductor element such as the first inductor L1, forming a magnetic field energy storage state. When the switch tube is turned off, the inductor element releases the stored energy, the magnetic field collapses to generate a reverse electromotive force, and the output voltage increases. The single-chip analog boost circuit may also include filter capacitors, resistors and other components to provide a more stable output voltage and current, while protecting circuit components from overvoltage and overcurrent damage. When the single-chip analog boost requires a PWM frequency between tens of kHz and hundreds of kHz. The specific PWM frequency selection can be determined according to the response speed of the switch tube. Because the switch tube needs a certain amount of time to turn on and off, a frequency that is too low will cause the switch tube to fail to respond quickly, affecting the stability and efficiency of the circuit. The output end of the conversion unit is usually connected to an output filter circuit to filter out the high-frequency components in the PWM signal to make the output voltage more stable. The PWM frequency needs to be much higher than the cutoff frequency of the output filter circuit to ensure a good filtering effect.

[0034] After the operator selects the PWM frequency according to the needs and meets the switch tube response speed, output filter requirements and efficiency, EMI requirements, the analog boost circuit can be performed, and then the circuit between the input power supply and the output load is periodically connected and disconnected through the switch operation of the switch tube. Then the first inductor L1 in the boost unit is used to store energy and smooth the output voltage. When the switch tube is turned off, the first inductor L1 stores electrical energy; when the switch element is turned on, the first inductor L1 releases the stored energy. In this process, the main microcontroller U1 controls the output voltage by adjusting the switching frequency and duty cycle of the switch tube. The commonly used control method is pulse width modulation (PWM), that is, the output voltage is controlled by changing the ratio of the switching time and the stop time of the switch tube. When the switch tube is turned off, in order to prevent the energy in the first inductor L1 from instantly collapsing and flowing back to the power supply unit, a reverse parallel diode element is usually added to the circuit to play a protective role.

[0035] It is worth noting that the single-chip microcomputer model and component selection in this embodiment are only used to implement this embodiment, and they are not used as limitations on the utility model. The circuit design of the single-chip microcomputer analog boost proposed in the utility model can be implemented through the ordinary IO port of any single-chip microcomputer, and is suitable for boosting multi-cell lithium battery packs. The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the utility model. Technicians in this industry should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the utility model. The utility model will have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. These changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected. The scope of protection required by the present utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main control unit, a boost unit, an amplifying unit, a power supply unit and a conversion unit, wherein the input end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to the output end of the lithium battery pack, the output end of the power supply unit is electrically connected to the input end of the main single-chip computer in the main control unit, the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the control end of the switch tube, the sixteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the fourteenth resistor in the conversion unit, the first pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the sixth resistor in the boost unit, one end of the sixth resistor is electrically connected to the ninth resistor, the seventeenth pin of the main single-chip computer is connected in series with the thirteenth resistor and is electrically connected to the anode of the sixth diode, the cathode of the sixth diode is electrically connected to the first pin of the fifth connector, the fourth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode in the amplifying unit, and the amplifying unit further comprises a first triode and a second PMOS tube, the base of the first triode is electrically connected to the tenth resistor and the eleventh resistor at the same time, and the end of the tenth resistor away from the first triode is electrically connected to the cathodes of the third diode and the fourth diode.

2. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost unit further includes a first inductor, one end of the first inductor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the third capacitor.

3. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost unit further includes a seventh resistor, one end of the seventh resistor is grounded and electrically connected to the USB port, and the other end of the seventh resistor is also electrically connected to a USB port.

4. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control unit further includes a fifth capacitor, one end of which is grounded, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and is also electrically connected to the ninth pin of the main single-chip computer.

5. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eighteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the third pin of the third connector, and the nineteenth pin of the main single-chip computer is electrically connected to the fourth pin of the third connector.

6. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emitter of the first transistor is grounded, the collector is connected in series with the fifth resistor and is electrically connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor, and the emitter and base of the first transistor are connected in series with an eleventh resistor.

7. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drain and gate of the second PMOS tube are connected in series with a second resistor, the source of the second PMOS tube is electrically connected to the output end of the power supply unit and the first resistor, and the drain of the second PMOS tube is connected in series with a first fuse.

8. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fifth pin of the fifth connector is electrically connected to a switch tube, the second pin and the third pin of the fifth connector are both connected in series with a resistor and a light-emitting diode, and the second pin and the third pin of the fifth connector are electrically connected to the sixth pin and the fifth pin of the main microcontroller respectively.

9. The circuit for simulating voltage boosting of a single chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conversion unit also includes a fifth transistor and a seventh transistor, the emitter of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the emitter of the seventh transistor, and the emitter of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the emitter of the seventh transistor through a fifteenth resistor and a sixth NMOS tube connected in series.

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