Piston engine, generator set and mobile carrier

Abstract

The utility model provides a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile carrier. The piston engine comprises a crankshaft, an internal combustion cylinder, an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, a steam cylinder and a lubricating box body. An internal combustion piston is arranged in the internal combustion cylinder and connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is arranged on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder in a sleeving mode, a heat exchange medium is pre-arranged in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to recover heat dissipated by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger air outlet. A steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder and connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism. The steam cylinder is provided with a steam inlet, and the steam inlet communicates with an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so that steam obtained after heat exchange can be introduced into the steam cylinder to do work. A condensation opening is formed in the steam cylinder and used for guiding the heat exchange medium cooled after acting out of the steam cylinder. A crankshaft is contained in the lubricating box body, and the lubricating box body is used for receiving the heat exchange medium guided out of the condensation opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of thermal engine technology, and specifically relates to a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile vehicle. Background Art

[0002] A piston engine, also known as a reciprocating engine, uses one or more pistons to convert pressure into rotational kinetic energy. A piston engine is a type of heat engine, powered by fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and methanol. A piston engine primarily consists of a cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valvetrain. Most piston engines are four-stroke engines, meaning one cylinder completes one working cycle, and the piston undergoes four strokes within the cylinder: intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke.

[0003] An engine's thermal efficiency refers to the ratio of heat converted to mechanical work to the heat consumed. It's a key indicator of an engine's technical level and economic efficiency. Piston engines suffer from high heat losses, resulting in a thermal efficiency of only 20%-30%. Therefore, improving their thermal efficiency is crucial. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile vehicle to solve the technical problem of low thermal efficiency of the existing piston engine.

[0005] The technical means adopted by this application to solve the above technical problems are:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a piston engine comprising a crankshaft, an internal combustion cylinder, an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, a steam cylinder, and a lubrication housing. An internal combustion piston is disposed within the internal combustion cylinder and is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod mechanism. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved onto the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder and is pre-filled with a heat exchange medium to recover heat dissipated from the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet. A steam piston is disposed within the steam cylinder and is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod mechanism. The steam cylinder is provided with a steam inlet, which communicates with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet to allow steam obtained after heat exchange to enter the steam cylinder to perform work. The steam cylinder is provided with a condensation port, which is used to discharge the cooled heat exchange medium out of the steam cylinder after performing work. The crankshaft is housed within the lubrication housing, which is used to receive the heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port.

[0007] Furthermore, the lubrication box is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box is recovered to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a first circulation pump, which is connected to the lubrication box and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and is used to pump the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned piston engine also includes a second circulation pump, which includes a pump inlet, a first pump outlet and a second pump outlet. The pump inlet is connected to the lubrication box, the first pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the second pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the steam cylinder.

[0010] Furthermore, the piston engine further includes an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger including an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel. The exhaust gas channel includes an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas inlet communicating with the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet communicating with the atmosphere. The medium channel includes a medium inlet and a medium outlet, the medium inlet communicating with the outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the condensation port, and the medium outlet communicating with the steam inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the lubrication box is a sealed box, into which the bottoms of the cylinder jackets of the internal combustion cylinder and the steam cylinder extend. The piston engine also includes a pressure-stabilizing pipe and a pressure-stabilizing control valve. One end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe is connected to the medium outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the lubrication box. The pressure-stabilizing control valve is configured to open after the steam cylinder performs work and close when the steam cylinder is not performing work.

[0012] Furthermore, a generator is connected to the crankshaft, and the generator is immersed in the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box;

[0013] The generator is a disc motor or a BSG motor.

[0014] Furthermore, the piston engine further includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder and contains a heat exchange medium to recover heat emitted from the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder. The steam cylinder heat exchanger includes an outlet for the steam cylinder heat exchanger, which is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and / or in communication with the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.

[0015] Further, the steam cylinder includes a steam cylinder liner, the steam piston includes a flexible sealing body and a piston plate, the flexible sealing body includes a first port and a second port that are interconnected, the first port is sealedly connected to the bottom of the steam cylinder liner, the second port is sealedly connected to the piston plate, and the piston plate is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism; or, the steam cylinder includes a steam cylinder liner, the steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder liner, and the inner wall of the steam cylinder liner is coated with a lubricating coating.

[0016] Furthermore, under standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50°C-150°C.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium is fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water, or a mixture of water and the above substances.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a generator set, which includes a generator and a piston engine and a crankshaft according to any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the internal combustion piston, steam piston and generator in the piston engine are connected to the crankshaft.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present application also provides a mobile vehicle, which includes a generator set according to any embodiment of the second aspect, and the mobile vehicle is provided with driving force by the generator set, or the generator set supplies power to the mobile vehicle.

[0020] The above-mentioned mobile vehicle also includes a battery pack, a drive motor, wheels and a thermal element, wherein the thermal element is used to convert the braking energy of the wheels into thermal energy; the heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the drive motor, the generator and the thermal element.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The utility model provides an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder to collect the heat energy on the cylinder liner and the heat energy in the exhaust gas after the internal combustion cylinder works, thereby reducing the heat loss of traditional engines in the prior art. In combination with the provision of a steam cylinder, the collected heat energy can be converted into kinetic energy of the steam cylinder. The steam cylinder is driven by the heat energy collected during the operation of the internal combustion cylinder, thereby improving thermal efficiency, reducing energy loss, and greatly improving the overall economy of the piston engine. At the same time, a lubrication box is provided to collect the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium is used to lubricate the crankshaft steam piston, internal combustion piston, and motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a piston engine provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of another piston engine provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of another piston engine provided by this application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of another piston engine provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a piston engine with a lubricating box seal provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a steam cylinder provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a piston engine with two crankshafts provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a piston engine equipped with a transmission provided in this application.

[0031] Marking Description:

[0032] 100 - internal combustion cylinder; 110 - internal combustion piston; 120 - exhaust port; 200 - steam cylinder; 210 - steam inlet; 220 - steam piston; 300 - internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; 310 - internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; 400 - exhaust gas medium heat exchanger; 411 - exhaust gas inlet; 412 - exhaust gas outlet; 421 - medium inlet; 422 - medium outlet; 500 - steam cylinder heat exchanger; 510 - steam cylinder heat exchanger Air outlet; 600-three-way catalytic converter, 230-condensing port; 700-generator; 240-flexible seal; 250-piston plate; 260-steam cylinder liner; 800-crankshaft; 900-lubrication box; 270-pressure regulating port; 810-internal combustion crankshaft; 820-steam crankshaft; 830-internal combustion input main shaft; 840-steam output secondary shaft; 850-driving gear; 860-driven gear; 221-energy storage bushing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. The embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following figures, and therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent figures. At the same time, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] First, as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a piston engine, which includes a crankshaft 800, an internal combustion cylinder 100, an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, a steam cylinder 200, and a lubrication box 900. An internal combustion piston 110 is disposed in the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the internal combustion piston 110 is connected to the crankshaft 800 via a connecting rod mechanism. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100. A heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to recover heat emitted from the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310. Steam cylinder 200 is equipped with a steam piston 220, which is connected to crankshaft 800 via a connecting rod mechanism. Steam cylinder 200 is provided with a steam inlet 210, which communicates with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310, allowing steam obtained after heat exchange to enter steam cylinder 200 to perform work. Steam cylinder 200 is also provided with a condensation port 230, which is used to discharge the cooled heat exchange medium out of steam cylinder 200 after performing work. Crankshaft 800 is housed in a lubrication box 900, which is used to receive the heat exchange medium discharged from condensation port 230.

[0036] In the above-described implementation, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is mounted on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, recovering heat lost from the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to produce high-temperature, high-pressure steam. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is connected to the steam inlet 210 of the steam cylinder 200. The high-temperature, high-pressure steam recovered from the cylinder liner is then passed into the steam cylinder 200 to perform work, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy. After the steam pushes the steam piston 220 to perform work, it exits the steam cylinder 200 through the condenser port 230 and enters the lubrication box 900. The crankshaft 800 within the lubrication box 900 is immersed in the heat exchange medium, which lubricates the crankshaft 800. Simultaneously, the heat exchange medium splashes upward and around the cylinder due to the movement of the connecting rod mechanism and crankshaft 800. The reciprocating motion of the steam piston 220 or the internal combustion piston 110 then evenly coats the cylinder wall with lubricating oil.

[0037] The present invention, by disposing an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, can collect heat energy from the cylinder liner after the internal combustion cylinder 100 performs work, thereby reducing heat loss during operation of conventional engines in the prior art. Combined with the arrangement of the steam cylinder 200, the collected heat energy can be converted into kinetic energy of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder 200 uses the heat energy collected during operation of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to drive the steam cylinder 200, thereby improving thermal efficiency, reducing energy loss, and significantly enhancing the overall economic efficiency of the piston engine. A lubrication box 900 is also provided to collect heat exchange medium and utilize the heat exchange medium to lubricate the crankshaft 800, the steam piston, and the internal combustion piston 110.

[0038] It should be understood that internal combustion cylinder 100 is a fuel cylinder that produces power through the combustion of fuel such as diesel, gasoline, and methanol. Because internal combustion cylinder 100 produces power through the combustion of fuel, the temperature of the cylinder liner of internal combustion cylinder 100 is relatively high, allowing internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to more efficiently collect heat emitted by the cylinder liner of internal combustion cylinder 100. Therefore, internal combustion cylinder 100 has four strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust.

[0039] It should be understood that steam cylinder 200 is an external combustion cylinder. High-temperature, high-pressure steam, recovered from the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, is introduced into steam cylinder 200 to drive steam piston 220 to perform work. Therefore, steam cylinder 200 includes two strokes: expansion work and vacuum work. Expansion work refers to the introduction of high-temperature, high-pressure steam into steam cylinder 200, pushing steam piston 220 downward and rotating crankshaft 800. Vacuum work refers to the partial or complete condensation of high-temperature, high-pressure steam into liquid after the steam piston 220 performs work within steam cylinder 200. This creates a vacuum within steam cylinder 200, and the piston tends to move upward under the influence of atmospheric pressure. The piston returns to its highest point, and steam cylinder 200 enters the next expansion stroke.

[0040] Optionally, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to form a medium cavity for accommodating the heat exchange medium. Alternatively, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating the heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is spirally arranged around the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100.

[0041] In one possible embodiment, at standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50° C.-150° C.

[0042] In the above implementation process, a heat exchange medium with a boiling point of 50° C. to 150° C. under standard atmospheric pressure is selected to facilitate the gasification of the heat exchange medium into steam.

[0043] Optionally, the heat exchange medium may be selected from fluoropentane, hexane, heptane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerants, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants and water, or a mixture of water and the above substances. Furthermore, the heat exchange medium may be selected from lubricating materials such as fluorohexane and fluoroheptane to improve the lubrication effect.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the lubrication box 900 is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 , so that the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 is recovered to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 .

[0045] In the above implementation process, the lubrication box 900 is set to be connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 is recovered to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300. The heat of the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100 recovered by the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 can be re-gasified to form steam, and then enter the steam cylinder 200 again to perform work, thereby realizing the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, the steam cylinder 200 and the lubrication box 900.

[0046] In a possible embodiment, the piston engine further includes a first circulation pump, which connects the lubrication box 900 and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and is used to pump the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 .

[0047] In the above implementation process, a first circulation pump is provided on the passage between the lubrication box 900 and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and external force is applied to drive the heat exchange medium to be recovered from the lubrication box 900 to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, thereby improving the overall circulation efficiency.

[0048] Optionally, when the lubrication box 900 is disposed below the condensation port 230, the heat exchange medium can be directly dropped naturally from the condensation port 230 into the lubrication box 900 by its own gravity. Alternatively, a circulation pump can be disposed between the condensation port 230 and the lubrication box 900, and the heat exchange medium can be pumped from the condensation port 230 into the lubrication box 900 by the power of the circulation pump.

[0049] In one possible implementation, Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned piston engine also includes a second circulation pump, which includes a pump inlet, a first pump outlet and a second pump outlet. The pump inlet is connected to the lubrication box 900, the first pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the second pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the steam cylinder 200.

[0050] In the above implementation process, a second circulation pump is provided to spray the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 toward the bottom inner wall of the steam cylinder 200 and the internal combustion cylinder 100 , so as to lubricate the steam piston and the internal combustion piston 110 .

[0051] In one possible embodiment, an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 is further included. The exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 includes an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel. The exhaust gas channel includes an exhaust gas inlet 411 and an exhaust gas outlet 412. The exhaust gas inlet 411 is connected to the exhaust port 120 of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the exhaust gas outlet 412 is connected to the atmosphere. The medium channel includes a medium inlet 421 and a medium outlet 422. The medium inlet 421 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310 or the condensation port 230, and the medium outlet 422 is connected to the steam inlet 210.

[0052] During the above implementation process, the heat loss of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is mainly the heat brought out by the exhaust gas in addition to the heat emitted by the cylinder liner. The present application sets up an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion cylinder 100 is passed into the exhaust gas channel through the exhaust gas inlet 411 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400. At the same time, the steam obtained by heat exchange in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is passed into the medium channel of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 through the medium inlet 421, and undergoes secondary heat exchange with the exhaust gas. The steam after the secondary heat exchange is passed into the steam cylinder 200 to perform work.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum power, expansion power, vacuum power, and expansion power strokes of the steam cylinder 200 , respectively.

[0054] In the above implementation process, the two labor-consuming strokes of the four strokes of the internal combustion cylinder 100 are powered by the steam cylinder 200 .

[0055] The above-mentioned piston engine can be a two-cylinder engine, including only one set of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200; or it can be a multi-cylinder engine known in the prior art, such as a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine, or a six-cylinder engine. When the piston engine is a multi-cylinder engine known in the prior art, such as a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine, or a six-cylinder engine, the piston engine includes at least one set of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, and the other cylinders of the piston engine can be fuel cylinders that perform work using fuel. Preferably, when the piston engine is a four-cylinder engine, the four-cylinder engine includes two sets of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200; when the piston engine is a six-cylinder engine, the six-cylinder engine includes three sets of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, or the six-cylinder engine includes two internal combustion cylinders 100 and four steam cylinders 200.

[0056] In one possible embodiment, the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the steam cylinder 200 of the piston engine are arranged in line, in a V-shaped arrangement, or in a W-shaped arrangement.

[0057] Specifically, when the piston engine includes one internal combustion cylinder 100 and two steam cylinders 200 , the two steam cylinders 200 are arranged in line with one internal combustion cylinder 100 , or the two steam cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are arranged on both sides of the crankshaft 800 .

[0058] Optionally, the piston engine includes three internal combustion cylinders 100 and three steam cylinders 200, which can be arranged in a V-shape. Specifically, two internal combustion cylinders 100 and one steam cylinder 200 are located on one side of the crankshaft 800, with the steam cylinder 200 located between the two internal combustion cylinders 100; the other two steam cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are located on the other side of the crankshaft 800, with the internal combustion cylinder 100 located between the two steam cylinders 200. When the cylinder diameter of the steam cylinder 200 is smaller than the cylinder diameter of the internal combustion cylinder 100, this arrangement can effectively save space.

[0059] In one possible implementation, Figure 2-4 As shown, the above-mentioned piston engine also includes a three-way catalytic converter 600, and the two ends of the three-way catalytic converter 600 are respectively connected to the exhaust port 120 of the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or, the two ends of the three-way catalytic converter 600 are respectively connected to the exhaust gas outlet 412 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 and the atmosphere.

[0060] In the above implementation process, the exhaust gas is purified by the three-way catalytic converter 600 before being discharged into the atmosphere, and harmful gases such as CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gas are converted into harmless carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen through oxidation and reduction.

[0061] In one possible implementation, Figure 5As shown, the port of the steam cylinder 200 away from the steam inlet 210 is sealed, forming a sealed pressure-stabilizing chamber between the steam piston 220 within the steam cylinder 200 and the steam cylinder 200. A pressure-stabilizing port 270 is provided on the steam cylinder 200. The piston engine further includes a pressure-stabilizing pipe and a pressure-stabilizing control valve. One end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe communicates with the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the other end communicates with the pressure-stabilizing chamber via the pressure-stabilizing port 270. The pressure-stabilizing control valve is configured to open after the steam cylinder 200 performs work and close when the steam cylinder 200 is not performing work.

[0062] During the above implementation process, part of the steam in the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 is introduced into the pressure stabilizing chamber of the steam cylinder 200 after the steam cylinder 200 does work, thereby increasing the air pressure in the pressure stabilizing chamber, thereby increasing the pressure difference on both sides of the steam piston 220, thereby reducing the difference between the force acting on the steam piston 220 and the force acting on the internal combustion piston 110, and improving the stability and smoothness of the continuous rotation of the crankshaft 800.

[0063] In a possible implementation, the crankshaft 800 is connected to a generator 700 , and the generator 700 is immersed in a heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 .

[0064] In the above implementation process, the generator 700 is immersed in the lubrication box 900. On the one hand, the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 can cool the generator 700 and recover the heat of the generator 700; on the other hand, the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box 900 can also lubricate the generator 700.

[0065] In a possible implementation, the generator 700 is a disc motor or a BSG (Belt-Driven Starter Generator) motor.

[0066] In one possible implementation, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the piston engine further includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is preset with a heat exchange medium to recover heat emitted from the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510. The steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and / or is connected to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

[0067] It should be understood that the steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510 may be connected only to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, may be connected only to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or may be connected to both the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

[0068] In the above implementation process, after the steam enters the steam cylinder 200, part of the energy is converted into mechanical energy by pushing the steam piston 220 to do work, and the other energy is dissipated through the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 in the form of heat. Therefore, the present application sets a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200 to recycle the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall. After the heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 absorbs heat and evaporates into steam, the steam can be passed into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 for secondary heat exchange, or it can be directly passed into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 for secondary heat exchange. It can be seen that the present application further improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine by setting the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 to recover the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

[0069] Optionally, in an embodiment where a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided outside the steam cylinder 200 , a portion of the heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port 230 is recovered to the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 .

[0070] Optionally, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 to form a medium cavity for accommodating the heat exchange medium. Alternatively, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating the heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is spirally arranged around the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

[0071] In one possible embodiment, the piston engine further includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is preset with a heat exchange medium to recover heat emitted from the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510. The steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and / or is connected to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

[0072] It should be understood that the steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510 may be connected only to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, may be connected only to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or may be connected to both the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

[0073] In the above implementation process, after the steam enters the steam cylinder 200, part of the energy is converted into mechanical energy by pushing the steam piston 220 to do work, and the other energy is dissipated through the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 in the form of heat. Therefore, the present application sets a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200 to recycle the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall. After the heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 absorbs heat and evaporates into steam, the steam can be passed into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 for secondary heat exchange, or it can be directly passed into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 for secondary heat exchange. It can be seen that the present application further improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine by setting the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 to recover the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

[0074] Optionally, in an embodiment where a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided outside the steam cylinder 200 , a portion of the heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port 230 is recovered to the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 .

[0075] Optionally, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 to form a medium cavity for accommodating the heat exchange medium. Alternatively, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating the heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is spirally arranged around the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

[0076] In one possible implementation, Figure 6 As shown, the steam cylinder 200 includes a steam cylinder liner 260, and the steam piston 220 includes a flexible sealing body 240 and a piston plate 250. The flexible sealing body 240 includes a first port and a second port that are interconnected. The first port is sealed and connected to the bottom of the steam cylinder liner 260, and the second port is sealed and connected to the piston plate 250. The piston plate 250 is connected to the crankshaft 800 through a connecting rod mechanism.

[0077] In the above implementation process, the flexible sealing body 240 and the piston plate 250 are used to form the steam piston 220, so that there is no contact between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder liner 260, thereby avoiding friction between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder 200, reducing the lubrication requirements of the piston engine and improving the efficiency of the piston engine.

[0078] It should be understood that the flexible sealing body 240 has both scalability and sealing properties. The scalability of the flexible sealing body 240 may be due to the material properties of the flexible sealing body 240 itself, such as the elasticity of the flexible sealing body 240, or the structural properties of the flexible sealing body 240 itself, such as the foldable and telescopic structure of the flexible sealing body 240.

[0079] Optionally, the flexible sealing body 240 may be made of materials such as polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, nylon, polyethylene, and polyetherketone.

[0080] In one possible embodiment, the steam cylinder 200 includes a steam cylinder liner 260 , in which the steam piston 220 is disposed, and an inner wall of the steam cylinder liner 260 is coated with a lubricating coating.

[0081] In the above implementation process, coating the inner wall of the steam cylinder liner 260 with a lubricating coating can reduce the friction between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder liner 260, thereby reducing the lubrication requirements of the piston engine and improving the efficiency of the piston engine.

[0082] Optionally, the side surface of the steam piston 220, ie, the surface in contact with the steam cylinder liner 260, is coated with a lubricating coating.

[0083] Optionally, the lubricating coating may be a Teflon coating, a Babbitt alloy, a ceramic film, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, a nylon coating, or other materials capable of performing a lubricating function.

[0084] Alternatively, the operating parameters of one of the above-mentioned piston engine designs are as follows: assuming 2000 rpm, a two-stroke steam engine, and 33 cycles per second. The fully expanded cylinder volume is 1375 ml, and if split into two cylinders, the volume per cylinder is 685 ml. A typical 1.0T engine has a specific power of 80 kW. This application employs methods such as the Atkinson or Miller cycle, naturally aspirated lean compression ignition, and reduced engine speed, sacrificing power density for efficiency, to reduce the specific power to 20 kW. The main internal combustion cylinders 100-100 have a displacement of 500 cc, resulting in a power of 10 kW and an efficiency range of 35%-50%, specifically 35%. Total thermal power is 28.6 kW, with losses from friction, exhaust, and liner cooling totaling approximately 18.6 kW. The working fluid absorbs 15 kW of heat, and the effective expansion work is approximately 8 kW. The internal and external cycles generate a total power of 18 kW, resulting in a system thermal efficiency of 72%. The motor efficiency is 97%, and the system power generation efficiency is 68%. Assuming the piston stroke is x, the area of ​​the internal combustion cylinder 100 is 500 / x; the area of ​​the steam cylinder 200 is 1375 / x ​​or 685 / x.

[0085] In one possible implementation, Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the piston engine includes only one crankshaft 800 , and the internal combustion piston 110 and the steam piston 220 are connected to the same crankshaft 800 .

[0086] When the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 reciprocates at high speed, the liquid heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder 200 may produce water hammer under the high-speed reciprocating motion of the steam piston 220, thereby damaging the structure of the steam piston 220 and shortening the service life of the steam cylinder 200 and the steam piston 220. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, the present application adopts the following solution.

[0087] In one possible implementation, Figure 7 As shown, there are two crankshafts, namely an internal combustion crankshaft 810 and a steam crankshaft 820 . The internal combustion piston 110 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is connected to the internal combustion crankshaft 810 ; the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 is connected to the steam crankshaft 820 .

[0088] In the above implementation process, the internal combustion piston 110 and the steam piston 220 are respectively connected to different crankshafts. The internal combustion crankshaft 810 and the steam crankshaft 820 can be respectively connected to a generator 700 to output electrical energy respectively. The rotational speed of the steam crankshaft 820 can be controlled below 600r / min, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of water hammer.

[0089] In one possible implementation, Figure 8 As shown, the piston engine also includes a transmission, which includes an internal combustion input main shaft 830 and a steam output secondary shaft 840. The internal combustion piston 110 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is connected to the internal combustion input main shaft 830, and the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 is connected to the steam output secondary shaft 840. The transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.

[0090] In the above implementation process, a transmission is used to reduce the rotation speed of the steam output countershaft 840, thereby reducing the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the steam piston 220, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of water hammer.

[0091] Optionally, the transmission further includes a driving gear 850 and a driven gear 860 that mesh with each other, wherein the driving gear 850 is fixed on the internal combustion input main shaft 830 , and the driven gear 860 is fixed on the steam output secondary shaft 840 .

[0092] Optionally, a generator is connected to the steam output secondary shaft 840 to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy output.

[0093] In a possible implementation, an energy storage bushing 221 is provided on the upper surface of the steam piston 220 , and the energy storage bushing 221 is used to absorb impact pressure.

[0094] Specifically, the energy storage bushing 221 may be made of fiber-based composite materials or engineering plastics or other materials that can absorb impact pressure.

[0095] It can be seen that an energy storage bushing 221 is provided on the upper surface of the steam piston 220. When water hammer occurs, the energy storage bushing 221 absorbs the impact pressure of the water hammer, thereby protecting the structure of the steam piston 220 from damage.

[0096] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a generator set, which includes a generator 700 and a piston engine and a crankshaft 800 according to any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the internal combustion piston, steam piston and generator 700 in the piston engine are connected to the crankshaft.

[0097] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a mobile vehicle, comprising a generator set according to any embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the mobile vehicle is driven by the generator set, or the generator set provides power to the mobile vehicle. The mobile vehicle may be a vehicle, a vessel, an aircraft, or the like.

[0098] In one possible embodiment, the mobile vehicle further includes a battery pack, a drive motor, wheels, a control device, and a thermal element; the generator set is electrically connected to the control device, which is electrically connected to the battery pack and the drive motor respectively. The electricity generated by the generator set is supplied to the battery pack and the drive motor respectively through the control device, and the battery pack is electrically connected to the drive motor to provide electrical energy to the drive motor; the drive motor is connected to the wheels to drive the wheels to rotate and provide braking resistance for the wheels; the thermal element is connected to the control device and the piston engine respectively to convert the braking energy of the wheels into thermal energy to heat the intake air of the steam cylinder 200.

[0099] Specifically, the above-mentioned mobile vehicle also includes a thermal element heat exchanger, which is arranged around the thermal element. The thermal element heat exchanger includes a thermal element heat exchange inlet and a thermal element heat exchange outlet. The thermal element heat exchange inlet is connected to the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the medium outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, and the thermal element heat exchange outlet is connected to the steam inlet 210.

[0100] It can be seen that the present application uses thermal elements to convert the braking energy of the mobile vehicle into thermal energy, heats the steam entering the steam cylinder 200, and recovers the braking energy of the mobile vehicle, which can reduce energy waste and improve the cruising range of the mobile vehicle and the power performance of the entire vehicle.

[0101] In order to make this application safe and reliable, the heating element of this application is made of high-temperature resistant material, can be used in high-temperature environments, and is not easily damaged. The heating element can be a quartz heating element or a ceramic heating element, etc. The ceramic material is any one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide or a combination thereof.

[0102] Optionally, the battery pack, generator 700, and other components generating waste heat can each be equipped with a heat exchanger or housed within a lubrication box to recover the waste heat. The heat exchange medium from the condensation outlet of the steam cylinder 200 flows through the heat exchanger in ascending order of temperature to recover the waste heat generated by each of the components, further improving thermal efficiency. Alternatively, the battery pack, generator 700, and other components generating waste heat can be directly immersed in the heat exchange medium within the lubrication box 900 to recover the waste heat.

[0103] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should also be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0104] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

Claims

1. A piston engine, characterized in that: include: Crankshaft; An internal combustion cylinder, wherein an internal combustion piston is disposed in the internal combustion cylinder, and the internal combustion piston is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism; An internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; A steam cylinder, wherein a steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder, and the steam piston is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism; the steam cylinder is provided with a steam inlet, and the steam inlet is connected to the outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, so that the steam obtained after heat exchange is introduced into the steam cylinder to perform work; the steam cylinder is provided with a condensation port, and the condensation port is used to guide the heat exchange medium cooled after performing work out of the steam cylinder; A lubrication box body, wherein the crankshaft is accommodated in the lubrication box body, and the lubrication box body is used to receive the heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port.

2. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lubrication box is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so that the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box is recovered to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger.

3. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first circulation pump, which is connected to the lubrication box and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and is used to pump the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger.

4. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second circulation pump, which includes a pump inlet, a first pump outlet and a second pump outlet, the pump inlet is connected to the lubrication box, the first pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the second pump outlet is opposite to the bottom inner wall of the steam cylinder.

5. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger including an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel; The exhaust gas passage comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the atmosphere; The medium channel comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet, wherein the medium inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the condensation port, and the medium outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet.

6. The piston engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The port of the steam cylinder away from the steam inlet is sealed, a sealed pressure-stabilizing chamber is formed between the steam piston in the steam cylinder and the steam cylinder, and a pressure-stabilizing port is opened on the steam cylinder; The piston engine also includes a pressure-stabilizing pipe and a pressure-stabilizing control valve. One end of the pressure-stabilizing pipe is connected to the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the pressure-stabilizing chamber through the pressure-stabilizing port. The pressure-stabilizing control valve is used to open after the steam cylinder does work and close when the steam cylinder does work.

7. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crankshaft is connected to a generator, and the generator is immersed in the heat exchange medium in the lubrication box; Preferably, the generator is a disc motor or a BSG (Belt-Driven Starter Generator) motor.

8. The piston engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder, and a heat exchange medium is preset in the steam cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder, and the steam cylinder heat exchanger includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet; The gas outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and / or the gas outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.

9. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam cylinder comprises a steam cylinder liner, the steam piston comprises a flexible sealing body and a piston plate, the flexible sealing body comprises a first port and a second port which are interconnected, the first port is sealedly connected to the bottom of the steam cylinder liner, the second port is sealedly connected to the piston plate, and the piston plate is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod mechanism; or, The steam cylinder comprises a steam cylinder liner, the steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder liner, and the inner wall of the steam cylinder liner is coated with a lubricating coating.

10. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that Under standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50°C-150°C.

11. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that There are two crankshafts, namely an internal combustion crankshaft and a steam crankshaft. The internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion crankshaft; the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the steam crankshaft; or, The piston engine also includes a transmission, which includes an internal combustion input main shaft and a steam output secondary shaft. The internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion input main shaft, and the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the steam output secondary shaft. The transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.

12. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that An energy storage bushing is provided on the upper surface of the steam piston, and the energy storage bushing is used to absorb impact pressure.

13. A generator set, characterized in that: It comprises a generator, a piston engine and a crankshaft as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the internal combustion piston, the steam piston and the generator in the piston engine as described in claims 1 to 12 are connected to the crankshaft.

14. A mobile vehicle, characterized in that: Including the generator set as described in claim 13, the mobile vehicle is provided with driving force through the generator set, or the generator set supplies power to the mobile vehicle.

15. The mobile vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that: It also includes a battery pack, a drive motor, a wheel, and a thermal element, wherein the thermal element is used to convert the braking energy of the wheel into thermal energy; The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the drive motor, the generator, and the thermal element.

Images