Battery management circuit of automobile energy storage power supply

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery management circuit of an automobile energy storage power supply, which comprises a main control module, a data acquisition module, a communication module, a protection module and an equalization module, the main control module is used for receiving, processing and sending instructions, and the data acquisition module is used for acquiring voltage, current and temperature parameters of a battery pack in real time; the communication module is used for information interaction between the battery management circuit and other vehicle systems, the protection module is used for over-charge, over-discharge, over-temperature and short-circuit protection of the circuit, the equalization module is used for realizing voltage equalization between single batteries in a battery pack, and the master control module is connected with the data acquisition module, the communication module and the protection module through data lines. Data transmission and control instruction issuing are achieved, and the communication module is connected with other vehicle systems through a communication bus in a vehicle to achieve information sharing and interaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of circuits, in particular to a battery management circuit for an automobile energy storage power supply. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of global energy structure and the enhancement of environmental awareness, electric vehicles (EVs), as representatives of new energy vehicles, have developed rapidly in recent years. One of the core components of electric vehicles is its energy storage system, namely the battery pack, which directly affects the vehicle's range, performance and safety. However, electric vehicle battery packs are usually composed of hundreds or even thousands of single cells connected in series or in parallel. The management of such large-scale battery packs faces many challenges, including inconsistency between battery cells, difficulty in status monitoring, complex charge and discharge control, thermal management, and safety protection.

[0003] Traditional battery management systems (BMS) often have problems such as insufficient monitoring accuracy, slow response speed, limited intelligence, weak communication capabilities, and incomplete protection mechanisms, making it difficult to meet the high requirements of modern electric vehicles for battery management. In particular, in terms of battery state estimation (such as SOC and SOH), balancing management, and fault diagnosis, the existing technology still has a lot of room for improvement. In addition, with the trend of intelligent and networked electric vehicles, the battery management system also needs to have the ability to communicate efficiently with other subsystems of the vehicle to achieve data sharing and remote monitoring, which puts higher requirements on the communication module.

[0004] Therefore, the development of an efficient, accurate, and intelligent automotive energy storage power battery management circuit has become an urgent need in the industry. Such a system needs to integrate advanced data acquisition technology to accurately monitor the battery status, use high-performance microcontrollers to process complex algorithms to optimize charging and discharging strategies, be equipped with reliable protection mechanisms to deal with various abnormal situations, and achieve efficient balance between battery cells. At the same time, it must have strong communication capabilities to integrate into intelligent vehicle networks. It is in this context that the utility model proposes a comprehensive battery management solution to address the above challenges, aiming to improve the overall performance, safety, and intelligence level of electric vehicle battery systems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A battery management circuit for an automotive energy storage power supply comprises a main control module, a data acquisition module, a communication module, a protection module and a balancing module. The main control module is used for receiving, processing and sending instructions. The data acquisition module is used for real-time acquisition of voltage, current and temperature parameters of a battery pack. The communication module is used for information exchange between the battery management circuit and other vehicle systems. The protection module is used for overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature and short-circuit protection of the circuit. The balancing module is used for voltage balance between single cells in the battery pack. The main control module is connected to the data acquisition module, the communication module and the protection module via a data line to achieve data transmission and the issuance of control instructions. The communication module is connected to other vehicle systems via a communication bus inside the vehicle to achieve information sharing and interaction.

[0007] Furthermore, the main control module includes a microcontroller, and the model of the microcontroller is STM32F407ZGT6 or TMS32084749.

[0008] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes an ADC, a voltage / current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The ADC model is ADS11115 or ADS1219, the voltage / current sensor is a Hall effect current sensor or a resistive shunt with a high-precision operational amplifier, the Hall effect current sensor model is LEM's LV25-P, and the temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor or a digital temperature sensor DS18B20.

[0009] Furthermore, the communication module includes a CAN transceiver, a LIN transceiver, and a Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module. The model of the CAN transceiver is SN6504584 / 85, the model of the LIN transceiver is MCP2002502 LIN transceiver, and the model of the Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module is ESP32826 module Wi-Fi module or HC-05 / BC05 Bluetooth module.

[0010] Furthermore, the protection module includes: MOSFET, over-temperature protection relay, and fuse. The model of the MOSFET is IRF549054N, the over-temperature protection relay is Omron G7LA series, and the fuse is a slow-blow fuse Bussmann 500mA.

[0011] Furthermore, the balancing module includes an active balancing IC and passive balancing resistors and capacitors, and the model of the active balancing IC is BQ7925120.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. Significantly improve battery system performance and safety: By integrating efficient protection mechanisms, including overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature, and short-circuit protection, it ensures the safe operation of the battery under various working conditions, prevents battery damage and safety accidents, and extends the battery life.

[0014] 2. Enhanced battery management accuracy and efficiency: The high-precision data acquisition system monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack in real time, and combines advanced algorithms to accurately evaluate the battery's SOC and SOH, making charging and discharging control more intelligent and efficient, optimizing energy utilization, and improving vehicle endurance.

[0015] 3. Promote system integration and intelligence: Multi-communication interface design (CAN, LIN, Wi-Fi / Bluetooth) realizes seamless connection between battery management circuit and other vehicle systems, supports remote monitoring, fault warning and other functions, and enhances the intelligence level of the system and user experience.

[0016] 4. Optimize battery pack health and balance management: Use active balancing IC and other technologies to effectively solve the inconsistency problem of single cells in the battery pack, improve overall performance, extend battery pack life, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0017] 5. Improve system flexibility and scalability: Modular design and the choice of high-performance microcontrollers provide the system with high flexibility and scalability, making it easy to customize solutions according to the needs of different vehicle models while supporting future technology upgrades.

[0018] 6. Enhance signal quality and electromagnetic compatibility: Through carefully designed filtering and protection capacitor configuration, the signal quality is improved, the electromagnetic compatibility of the entire system is enhanced, and reliable operation is ensured in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0019] In summary, the utility model significantly improves the management efficiency, safety and intelligence level of electric vehicle energy storage power supply by comprehensively using advanced hardware components and efficient management strategies, and is of great value in promoting the development of electric vehicle technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit connection block diagram of this application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0022] A battery management circuit for an automotive energy storage power supply, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a main control module, a data acquisition module, a communication module, a protection module, and a balancing module. Specifically:

[0023] Main control module: As the core of the battery management circuit, the main control module is responsible for receiving, processing and sending instructions. It is usually composed of a high-performance microcontroller or digital signal processor, which can achieve fast data processing and control decision-making.

[0024] Data acquisition module: This module is responsible for real-time acquisition of key parameters of the battery pack, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc. Through high-precision sensors and conversion circuits, the accuracy and reliability of the data are ensured.

[0025] Communication module: The communication module is a key component to realize the information exchange between the battery management circuit and other vehicle systems. It supports multiple communication protocols, such as CAN bus, LIN bus, etc., to ensure real-time transmission and sharing of data.

[0026] Protection module: The protection module includes protection functions such as overcharge, over discharge, over temperature, short circuit, etc. Once an abnormal situation is detected, the protection module will immediately cut off the circuit or take other protective measures to prevent battery damage or safety accidents.

[0027] Balancing module: The balancing module is used to achieve voltage balancing between cells in the battery pack. Through active or passive balancing technology, it ensures that each cell is kept in the best working condition and extends the service life of the battery pack.

[0028] The hardware modules are connected through the lines and connectors on the circuit board. The main control module is connected to the data acquisition module, communication module and protection module through data lines to achieve data transmission and the issuance of control instructions. At the same time, the communication module is connected to other vehicle systems through the communication bus inside the vehicle to achieve information sharing and interaction.

[0029] The main control module includes: a microcontroller unit (MCU) or a digital signal processor (DSP);

[0030] Specific models: STMicroelectronics' STM32F4 series (such as STM32F407ZGT6) or TI's TMS3208470 series (such as TMS32084749). These MCUs have high-performance processing capabilities, support complex algorithm processing, and have rich peripheral interfaces. They are suitable for data processing and control in battery management systems.

[0031] Parameters: Operating frequency up to 164MHz, equipped with floating point unit (FPU), large capacity flash memory and RAM, multi-channel ADC, support CAN / LIN communication.

[0032] The data acquisition module includes: high-precision ADC (analog-to-digital converter), voltage / current sensor, and temperature sensor;

[0033] Specific model: ADC: TI's ADS11115 / ADS1219 series, supporting high-precision and high-resolution analog signal conversion.

[0034] Voltage / Current Sensor: Hall effect current sensor such as LEM's LV25-P, or resistive shunt with a high-precision op amp.

[0035] Temperature sensor: NTC thermistor or digital temperature sensor DS18B20.

[0036] Parameters: ADC resolution can reach more than 24 bits, current sensor accuracy can reach 1%, and temperature sensor accuracy can reach ±0.5℃.

[0037] Communication modules include: CAN transceiver, LIN transceiver, Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module;

[0038] Specific model: CAN transceiver: TI's SN6504584 / 85, supports high-speed CAN communication.

[0039] LIN transceiver: Microchip's MCP2002502 LIN transceiver supports LIN bus communication.

[0040] Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module: ESP32826 module Wi-Fi module or HC-05 / BC05 Bluetooth module for wireless data transmission.

[0041] Parameters: CAN maximum transmission rate 1Mbps, LIN maximum 20kbps, Wi-Fi / Bluetooth supports multiple communication protocols and transmission rate adaptation.

[0042] The protection module includes: MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), over-temperature protection relay, and fuse;

[0043] Specific model: MOSFET: IRF549054N, used for large current control and rapid cut-off of overcurrent.

[0044] Over temperature protection relay: Omron G7LA series, automatic disconnection at high temperature.

[0045] Fuse: Select the appropriate rating according to the circuit current, such as the Bussmann 500mA slow-blow fuse.

[0046] Parameters: MOSFET has low on-resistance, fast switching speed, over-temperature protection relay action temperature is accurately set, and the fuse meets the circuit protection requirements.

[0047] The balancing module includes: active balancing IC, passive balancing resistor or capacitor;

[0048] Specific model: Active balancing IC: TI's BQ7925120, supports multi-channel battery balancing.

[0049] Passive balancing resistor: customized according to needs, no fixed model, but must match the system.

[0050] Parameters: number of channels supported by active balancing IC, balancing accuracy, response time, etc., passive balancing resistance value and power handling capability.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, each module is configured as follows:

[0052] Main control module (microcontroller)

[0053] STM32F407ZGT6 or TMS32084749:

[0054] Connect to ADC: Connect to ADS11115 or ADS1219 through SPI or I2C interface. For example, for STM32F407, you may need to configure the corresponding SPI / I2C peripherals and connect to the ADC chip through designated pins (such as SCK, MOSI, MISO, CS).

[0055] Interface with sensors and protection / balancing modules: via GPIO control signals and interrupt inputs for reading status and controlling relays, MOSFETs, etc. For example, the control signal can be connected to a GPIO output pin, while the output of the sensor is connected to an ADC input or directly to a GPIO (such as the digital output of a temperature sensor).

[0056] Data acquisition module

[0057] ADC (ADS11115 / ADS1219): Connect to the output of the battery voltage and current sensor. The specific wiring depends on the sensor output type (analog or digital). Analog output sensors need to be connected to the input channel of the ADC.

[0058] Hall Effect Current Sensor (LV25-P) or Resistive Shunt: The output of the Hall Effect sensor is usually an analog voltage signal, which is directly connected to the ADC input. The shunt needs to be used with an op amp, and the op amp output is then connected to the ADC.

[0059] Temperature sensor (NTC / DS18B20): NTC is directly connected to the ADC input through a voltage divider circuit; DS18B20 usually uses a single-wire (1-Wire) protocol to communicate with the MCU through GPIO.

[0060] Communication Module

[0061] CAN / LIN / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth: These modules are connected to the MCU through the corresponding physical layer interface (such as CAN_H, CAN_L, LIN bus, UART). For example, the CAN_H and CAN_L pins of the CAN transceiver SN6504584 / 85 are connected to the corresponding CAN pins of the STM32F407, and the communication is completed by configuring the CAN peripherals through software.

[0062] Protection module

[0063] MOSFET (IRF549054N): The control signal usually comes from the GPIO of the MCU and is connected to the gate of the MOSFET. The source and drain are connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery or the load according to the circuit design.

[0064] Over temperature protection relay (G7LA series): The control line of the relay is connected to the GPIO of the MCU, which is used to disconnect the circuit when the temperature is too high. The normally closed contact should be connected in series in the main circuit.

[0065] Fuse: directly connected in series on the path from the positive or negative pole of the battery to the main circuit.

[0066] Equalization module

[0067] Active balancing IC (BQ7925120): communicates with MCU via SPI / I2C, and the control pins are connected to the corresponding battery cells for balancing operations.

[0068] Matching resistors and capacitors

[0069] Voltage divider resistor: used to adjust the voltage signal to within the acceptable range of the ADC. The specific resistance value needs to be calculated and determined based on the actual voltage range and ADC input range.

[0070] Filter capacitor: Place decoupling capacitors (such as 0.1uF ceramic capacitors) at the power input, ADC reference voltage, sensor output, etc. to stabilize the voltage and filter out noise.

[0071] Protection capacitor: Place a 100nF to 1uF capacitor near the transceiver on the CAN and LIN buses to improve signal quality and provide EMC protection.

[0072] The functions of the utility model include:

[0073] 1. Battery status monitoring: Real-time collection of battery pack parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature, and algorithm processing to obtain battery SOC (state of charge), SOH (state of health) and other information, providing a basis for battery management.

[0074] 2. Charge and discharge control: Intelligently adjust the battery charge and discharge strategy according to the real-time status of the battery and the driving requirements of the vehicle to ensure that the battery operates in a safe and efficient state.

[0075] 3. Fault diagnosis and early warning: By monitoring and analyzing battery pack parameters, potential faults or abnormal conditions can be discovered in a timely manner, and early warning information can be sent to the driver through vehicle instruments or mobile phone APP.

[0076] 4. Communication and information sharing: Communicate with other vehicle systems in real time to share information such as battery status and energy usage to achieve optimal allocation and coordinated control of vehicle energy.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery management circuit for an automotive energy storage power supply, characterized in that: It includes a main control module, a data acquisition module, a communication module, a protection module, and a balancing module. The main control module is used to receive, process and send instructions. The data acquisition module is used to collect the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the battery pack in real time. The communication module is used for information exchange between the battery management circuit and other vehicle systems. The protection module is used for overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature, and short-circuit protection of the circuit. The balancing module is used to achieve voltage balance between single cells in the battery pack. The main control module is connected to the data acquisition module, the communication module, and the protection module through a data line to achieve data transmission and the issuance of control instructions. The communication module is connected to other vehicle systems through the communication bus inside the vehicle to achieve information sharing and interaction.

2. The battery management circuit of a vehicle energy storage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module includes a microcontroller, and the model of the microcontroller is STM32F407ZGT6 or TMS32084749.

3. The battery management circuit of a vehicle energy storage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes an ADC, a voltage / current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The ADC model is ADS11115 or ADS1219. The voltage / current sensor is a Hall effect current sensor or a resistive shunt with a high-precision operational amplifier. The Hall effect current sensor model is LEM's LV25-P. The temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor or a digital temperature sensor DS18B20.

4. The battery management circuit of a vehicle energy storage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes a CAN transceiver, a LIN transceiver, and a Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module. The model of the CAN transceiver is SN6504584 / 85, the model of the LIN transceiver is MCP2002502LIN transceiver, and the model of the Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module is ESP32826 module Wi-Fi module or HC-05 / BC05 Bluetooth module.

5. The battery management circuit of a vehicle energy storage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection module includes: MOSFET, over-temperature protection relay, and fuse. The model of the MOSFET is IRF549054N, the over-temperature protection relay is Omron G7LA series, and the fuse is a slow-blow fuse Bussmann 500mA.

6. The battery management circuit of a vehicle energy storage power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing module includes an active balancing IC and passive balancing resistors and capacitors. The model of the active balancing IC is BQ7925120.

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