Joint fissure rock mass roadway combined supporting structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a joint fissure rock mass roadway combined supporting structure which comprises a first anchor rod set, a second anchor rod set, a reinforcing mesh and concrete, the first anchor rod set comprises a first anchoring tray and at least two first anchor rods, the first anchoring tray is used for fixing the first ends of the first anchor rods, and the second anchor rod set is used for fixing the second ends of the first anchor rods. Included angles exist between the first anchor rods and the adjacent first anchor rods, included angles exist between the first anchor rods and the plane in the axial direction of the roadway, the second ends of the first anchor rods enter a loosening ring of the rock mass, the second anchor rod sets are located in the centers of the four adjacent first anchor rod sets, and the first ends of the second anchor rods are fixed to the second anchoring tray; the second end of the second anchor rod enters an elastic-plastic area of a joint fissure rock mass of the roadway, the reinforcing mesh is connected with the first anchoring tray and the second anchoring tray, and the first anchor rod set, the second anchor rod set, the reinforcing mesh and the rock mass are fixed through concrete. The joint fissure rock mass roadway combined supporting structure has the advantages of being small in anchoring blind area and high in supporting efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel surrounding rock support, in particular to a joint and fissure rock mass tunnel combined support structure. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mining of mineral resources has gradually entered the deep underground, and the engineering geological conditions have deteriorated. Among them, jointed and fissured rock mass is one type of rock mass. This type of rock mass has developed discontinuous surfaces such as joints, the rock layers are soft and broken, and the support is difficult. The bonding coefficient between the rock layers is small. During the construction of tunnel projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and mining projects, it is easy to produce large deformations due to engineering disturbances, resulting in deformation and damage of the support structure, which seriously affects the safety and progress of the project. The structural surfaces in the fissured rock mass have variable occurrences. Except for the regularly distributed layered rock mass, it is difficult to achieve vertical angle support for the structural surface and maximize the strength of the anchor support. In addition, engineering excavation is prone to form various types of macroscopic fissure structural surfaces, which are staggered and extended with naturally existing structural surfaces of different occurrences to form wedges. The relevant anchor support technology is difficult to anchor all the structural surfaces in the surrounding rock. Although the anchor support and other anchor combination support systems of the surrounding rock of underground engineering in the relevant technology can effectively protect the stability of the surrounding rock, they do not take into account the structural characteristics of the joints and fissures of the surrounding rock, resulting in great waste. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to at least a certain extent. To this end, the embodiment of the utility model proposes a joint and fissure rock mass tunnel joint support structure, which has the advantages of small anchoring blind area and high support efficiency.

[0004] According to the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure of the embodiment of the utility model, the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure comprises a first anchor rod group, a second anchor rod group, a steel mesh and concrete, the first anchor rod group comprises a first anchor tray and at least two first anchor rods, the first anchor tray fixes the first end of the first anchor rod, there is an angle between the first anchor rod and the adjacent first anchor rod and there is an angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel, the second end of the first anchor rod enters the loosening circle of the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel, the second anchor rod group comprises a second anchor The second anchor rod group is located at the center of the four adjacent groups of the first anchor rod groups, the first end of the second anchor rod is fixed to the second anchor tray, the second end of the second anchor rod enters the elastic-plastic zone of the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel, the steel mesh is connected with the first end of the first anchor rod, the first end of the second anchor rod, the first anchor tray and the second anchor tray, the concrete is coated on the steel mesh, the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod to fix the first anchor rod group, the second anchor rod group and the steel mesh to the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel.

[0005] The joint support structure of the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel according to the embodiment of the utility model has the advantages of small anchoring blind area and high support efficiency. The application realizes a combined bearing structure through the cooperation of the first anchor rod group and the second anchor rod group, has high support efficiency, reduces the anchoring blind area, and can effectively anchor the wedge body, improve the overall resistance of the support structure, and increase the radial stress on the surface of the surrounding rock, which can not only meet the surrounding rock support needs of the project, but also save project investment and reduce waste.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first anchor rod group includes a transverse group and an axial group, the first anchor rod of the transverse group extends along the transverse direction of the tunnel, the first anchor rod of the axial group extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the axial direction of the tunnel, and the transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the transverse direction of the tunnel.

[0007] In some embodiments, the angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is 45-75°.

[0008] In some embodiments, the angle between the first anchor rod of the transverse group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is greater than or less than the angle between the first anchor rod of the axial group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first anchor rod of the transverse group merges with the first anchor rod of the adjacent transverse group in the rock mass, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first anchor rods of the axial group merge with the first anchor rods of the adjacent axial group in the rock mass, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock wall of the tunnel and has an angle with any adjacent first anchor rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the length of the second anchor is greater than the thickness of the loosening zone of the jointed and fractured rock mass.

[0013] In some embodiments, the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel combined support structure further comprises a steel belt, which is laid on the steel mesh and connects the second end of the second anchor rod with the second end of the adjacent second anchor rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, the length of the steel strip is adapted to the distance between the second end of the second anchor rod and the second end of any adjacent second anchor rod, and the width of the steel strip is adapted to the mesh width of the steel mesh. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic top view of a jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel mesh in the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint supporting structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first anchoring tray of the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint supporting structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second anchoring tray of the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint supporting structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel belt of the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0021] Figure numerals: 1. first anchor rod group; 11. transverse group; 12. axial group; 13. first anchor tray; 2. second anchor rod group; 21. second anchor rod; 22. second anchor tray; 3. steel mesh; 4. steel belt; 5. concrete. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] According to the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure of the embodiment of the utility model, the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure comprises a first anchor rod group, a second anchor rod group, a steel mesh and concrete, the first anchor rod group comprises a first anchor tray and at least two first anchor rods, the first anchor tray fixes the first end of the first anchor rod, there is an angle between the first anchor rod and the adjacent first anchor rod and there is an angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel, the second end of the first anchor rod enters the loosening circle of the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel, the second anchor rod group comprises a second anchor rod and a second anchor tray, the second anchor rod group is located at the center of the four adjacent first anchor rod groups, the first end of the second anchor rod is fixed to the second anchor tray, the second end of the second anchor rod enters the elastic-plastic zone of the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel, the steel mesh is connected to the first end of the first anchor rod, the first end of the second anchor rod, the first anchor tray and the second anchor tray, and concrete is coated on the steel mesh, the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod to fix the first anchor rod group, the second anchor rod group and the steel mesh to the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel. The specification of the steel mesh is 1000mm×2000mm, the mesh size is 100mm×100mm, and it is welded with φ6mm steel bars. The overlap length between the mesh pieces is 100mm. The overlap can be tied with double strands of No. 14 iron wire, and the binding mesh size is 300mm×300mm. The first anchor group is an oblique anchor. The two anchors extend from the first anchor tray to the loosening circle of the rock mass at a certain angle to anchor the tunnel surrounding rock within the loosening circle. The second anchor goes deep into the elastic-plastic zone of the rock mass. The first anchor and the second anchor cooperate to form a combined bearing structure to anchor the various structural surfaces in the rock mass, making full use of the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and effectively improving the surrounding rock's anti-disturbance stress. The steel mesh is laid on the surface of the rock mass to fix the first anchor group and the second anchor group to form a whole. Concrete fixes the steel mesh to the rock mass and the two anchor groups and hardens the surface to form an integral support.

[0024] The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel combined support structure according to the embodiment of the utility model has the advantages of small anchoring blind area and high support efficiency.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first anchor group includes a transverse group and an axial group. The first anchor of the transverse group extends along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the first anchor of the axial group extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the axial direction of the tunnel, and the transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the transverse direction of the tunnel.

[0026] Specifically, the transverse groups and the axial groups are staggered to form a rectangular array, and the adjacent groups around each transverse group are axial groups, and the adjacent groups around each axial group are also transverse groups. This enables the first axial rods of the transverse groups and the axial groups to be evenly staggered and converged within the loose circle, and the extension direction of the first anchor rod of each group is perpendicular to the extension direction of the anchor rods of the four adjacent groups, thereby reducing the anchoring blind area and improving the support efficiency.

[0027] In some embodiments, the angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is 45-75°.

[0028] Specifically, the angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel can be adjusted according to the support density required on site. Since the engineering excavation disturbance causes the secondary development of the original fracture structure, it is easy to intersect and extend with the natural structure to form a wedge-shaped body. The first anchor rod with an inclined angle can anchor the radial structural surface with a small inclination angle, significantly reducing the anchoring blind area and improving the support efficiency of the jointed and fractured rock mass.

[0029] In some embodiments, the angle between the first anchor rods of the transverse group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is greater or smaller than the angle between the first anchor rods of the axial group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0030] Specifically, the inclination angles of the first anchor rods of the transverse group and the first anchor rods of the axial group may be different, so as to facilitate more accurate anchoring of the various structural surfaces of the rock mass and improve the supporting effect.

[0031] In some embodiments, the first anchor rod of the transverse group merges with the first anchor rod of the adjacent transverse group in the rock body, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m. The first anchor rod of the axial group merges with the first anchor rod of the adjacent axial group in the rock body, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m.

[0032] Specifically, the first anchor rods of adjacent groups in the same direction converge inside the rock mass, and the distance between the two anchor ends in the converging area in the rock mass is controlled within a range of 0.2 to 0.4 m, which can avoid the increase of support costs due to too dense anchor rods in the converging area and ensure the support effect.

[0033] In some embodiments, the second anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock wall of the tunnel and has an angle with any adjacent first anchor rod.

[0034] Specifically, the second anchor rod penetrates into the elastic-plastic zone of the rock mass. The second anchor rod is made of threaded steel bars. The second end of the second anchor rod is required to adopt a rolled straight thread. In order to achieve the support effect as soon as possible, a resin drug roll is used for full-length anchoring. There is an angle between the second anchor rod and the first anchor rod. The second anchor rod is located at the center of the four adjacent first anchor rod groups. The second anchor rod is exposed on the crooked end of the rock mass. The second anchor tray is a single anchor tray, which connects and fixes the second anchor rod with the steel mesh and the steel belt. The second anchor rod is a resin anchor rod.

[0035] In some embodiments, the length of the second anchor is greater than the thickness of the loose zone of the jointed and fractured rock mass.

[0036] Specifically, the resin anchor rod length of the second anchor rod may be 2.5 m, the length of the second anchor rod must be greater than the loosening circle range, which is generally 2.25 m, and the second anchor rod uses a third-grade threaded steel bar with a diameter of 22 mm.

[0037] In some embodiments, the jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel combined support structure further comprises a steel belt, which is laid on the steel mesh and connects the second end of the second anchor rod with the second end of the adjacent second anchor rod.

[0038] Specifically, the steel belt continuously fixes the second anchor rod, which can increase the connection strength, so that the second anchor rod and the steel mesh can better form a supporting whole.

[0039] In some embodiments, the length of the steel strip is adapted to the distance between the second end of the second anchor rod and the second end of any adjacent second anchor rod, and the width of the steel strip is adapted to the mesh width of the steel mesh.

[0040] Specifically, the length of the steel strip is the distance between two adjacent second anchor rod groups, the width is the same as the steel mesh, and it is welded with φ12mm round steel. The lap length of the closed round steel is not less than 100mm, and reinforcing ribs are welded at the ends and middle of the steel strip.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0045] In the present utility model, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and cannot be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A joint and fissure rock mass tunnel joint support structure, characterized in that: include: A first anchor rod group, the first anchor rod group comprises a first anchor tray and at least two first anchor rods, the first anchor tray fixes the first end of the first anchor rod, an angle is formed between the first anchor rod and an adjacent first anchor rod, and an angle is formed between the first anchor rod and a plane in the axial direction of the roadway, and the second end of the first anchor rod enters a loosening zone of a jointed and fissured rock mass of the roadway; A second anchor rod group, the second anchor rod group includes a second anchor rod and a second anchor tray, the second anchor rod group is located at the center of the four adjacent first anchor rod groups, the first end of the second anchor rod is fixed to the second anchor tray, and the second end of the second anchor rod enters the elastic-plastic zone of the jointed and fissured rock mass of the roadway; a steel mesh connected to the first end of the first anchor rod, the first end of the second anchor rod, the first anchor tray, and the second anchor tray; Concrete is coated on the steel mesh, the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod to fix the first anchor rod group, the second anchor rod group and the steel mesh to the jointed and fissured rock mass of the tunnel.

2. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first anchor rod group includes a transverse group and an axial group. The first anchor rod of the transverse group extends along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and the first anchor rod of the axial group extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the axial direction of the tunnel, and the transverse group and the axial group are staggered in the transverse direction of the tunnel.

3. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The angle between the first anchor rod and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is 45-75°.

4. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The angle between the first anchor rod of the transverse group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel is greater than or smaller than the angle between the first anchor rod of the axial group and the plane in the axial direction of the tunnel.

5. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first anchor rod of the transverse group merges with the first anchor rod of the adjacent transverse group in the rock body, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m.

6. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first anchor rod of the axial group merges with the first anchor rod of the adjacent axial group in the rock body, and the distance between the second ends of the two first anchor rods is 0.2-0.4 m.

7. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second anchor rod is perpendicular to the rock wall of the tunnel and has an angle with any adjacent first anchor rod.

8. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the second anchor rod is greater than the thickness of the loosening zone of the jointed and fissured rock mass.

9. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a steel belt, which is laid on the steel mesh and connects the second end of the second anchor rod with the second end of the adjacent second anchor rod.

10. The jointed and fissured rock mass tunnel joint support structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The length of the steel strip is adapted to the distance between the second end of the second anchor rod and the second end of any adjacent second anchor rod, and the width of the steel strip is adapted to the mesh width of the steel mesh.

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