Antenna, communication equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses an antenna, communication equipment and a vehicle. The antenna comprises a radiation unit, a circuit substrate and a grounding plate, wherein the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are stacked in a first direction and are arranged in a shell; the grounding plate is arranged outside the shell; the grounding plate is fixedly connected with the shell through a first connecting piece, and penetrates through a first through hole in the shell through a second connecting piece to be connected with the circuit substrate. The radiation unit comprises at least two radiation subunits which are arranged in a stacked mode, and a radiation sheet included in each radiation subunit is connected with the circuit substrate through a third connecting piece. Therefore, the radiation subunit and the circuit substrate included in the radiation unit are located in the shell, the grounding plate is located outside the shell, and the radiation subunit and the circuit substrate are stacked, so that the antenna structure is more compact, and the antenna size is reduced. And a plurality of radiation subunits are arranged, so that the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna is expanded. And the grounding plate is isolated outside the shell through the shell, so that the radiation performance of the radiation sheet is improved, and the problem that the normal work of the antenna is influenced as the grounding plate is arranged in the shell and is in large-area contact with the circuit substrate is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to an antenna, a communication device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), people have higher and higher requirements for the positioning accuracy of the positioning system. Taking vehicles as an example, the positioning reliability and stability of a single global positioning system (GPS) (i.e., a single GPS positioning system) on board can no longer meet the requirements of the automatic assisted driving function of smart cars. The traditional single GPS positioning system has been replaced by a high-precision positioning system formed by the fusion of multiple positioning systems such as GPS, Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), GLONASS, and the Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo) jointly developed by the European Union and other countries. The realization of the positioning technology of the high-precision positioning system is inseparable from the antenna. Therefore, the performance of the antenna directly determines the positioning accuracy of the high-precision positioning system.

[0003] The antennas included in the currently popular high-precision positioning systems are, for example, anti-multipath high-precision positioning antennas, but the antennas are bulky, which greatly limits the scope and scenarios of application. Therefore, in order to make high-precision antennas applicable to more types of vehicles, mobile phones and other devices, it is necessary to reduce the size of the antennas. However, the reduction in antenna size will lead to a smaller radiation range of the antenna, resulting in poor performance problems such as limited antenna operating frequency bandwidth and poor antenna gain. Therefore, there is a problem in the prior art that reducing the size of the antenna affects the antenna performance.

[0004] For example, the existing patent document CN214625372U discloses a small-sized dual-band antenna, which includes a first radiating unit, a second radiating unit and a balun structure connected to form a "Chinese knot" type, thereby reducing the size of the dual-band antenna. The second radiating unit adopts a bent strip structure to stabilize the frequency band and widen the bandwidth. However, with such a design structure, the irregular shapes of the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit still cause a lot of space waste in the antenna, and do not effectively save space. In addition, the two sides of the second radiating unit will affect the radiation range of the first radiating unit, causing the radiation range of the antenna to become smaller, thereby causing poor performance problems such as limited antenna operating frequency bandwidth and poor antenna gain.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology has the problem that reducing the size of the antenna affects the antenna performance. Therefore, the research on miniaturized high-performance antennas has become an important research direction in the current antenna field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problem in the prior art that the reduction of antenna size affects antenna performance. The utility model provides an antenna that can make the antenna structure more compact and reduce the antenna size by changing the arrangement position relationship between components in the antenna. In addition, a ground plate that can increase the antenna operating frequency bandwidth and increase the antenna gain is added to the antenna structure, so that while reducing the antenna size, the antenna operating frequency bandwidth is widened and the antenna gain is increased.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, in the first aspect, an embodiment of the utility model discloses an antenna, comprising a radiation unit, a circuit substrate, a grounding plate, a first connecting member, a second connecting member, a third connecting member and a shell, wherein the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are located in the shell, the grounding plate is located outside the shell and is fixed to the shell by the first connecting member, and the radiation unit, the circuit substrate and the grounding plate are stacked in sequence along a first direction; a first through hole is provided on a portion of the shell between the grounding plate and the circuit substrate, the second connecting member passes through the first through hole, one end is connected to the circuit board substrate, and the other end is connected to the grounding plate; the radiation unit comprises at least two radiation sub-units, each of which is stacked in sequence along the first direction; each radiation sub-unit comprises a dielectric substrate, and a radiation plate arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate, and between two adjacent radiation sub-units, the dielectric substrate of one radiation sub-unit is arranged adjacent to the radiation plate of the other radiation sub-unit; the radiation plate of each radiation sub-unit is connected to the circuit substrate through the corresponding third connecting member.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the radiating sub-units and the circuit substrate included in the radiating unit are arranged in the shell, and the grounding plate is arranged outside the shell. The radiating sub-units, the circuit substrate and the grounding plate are stacked in sequence along the first direction, so that the antenna structure is more compact, there is no waste of space in the first direction, and the size of the antenna is further reduced.

[0009] Furthermore, the radiation unit includes at least two radiation subunits, so that the antenna can achieve bandwidth of at least two frequency bands, broadening the antenna operating frequency bandwidth. In addition, the radiation sheet of each radiation subunit is connected to the circuit substrate through a third connector, ensuring normal radiation of the radiation sheet.

[0010] Furthermore, by providing a ground plate and connecting the radiation unit and the circuit substrate, and connecting the ground plate and the circuit substrate, while reducing the overall size of the antenna, the coupling between the ground plate and the radiation plate produces resonance, thereby improving the performance of the radiation plate, and further improving the antenna's beam width, antenna elevation angle and other performance, that is, improving the antenna radiation axis ratio and antenna gain performance within the entire operating frequency bandwidth, thereby improving the overall performance of the antenna.

[0011] Furthermore, by arranging the radiation unit and the circuit substrate in the housing, the radiation unit and the circuit substrate can be better protected from damage, and the grounding plate is arranged outside the housing, the circuit substrate and the grounding plate are isolated by the housing, and the grounding plate and the circuit substrate are connected only by the second connecting member passing through the first through hole of the housing, which not only ensures that the grounding plate can work normally, but also avoids the problem that the grounding plate causes signal interference to the circuit substrate due to large-area contact between the grounding plate and the circuit substrate, thereby making the antenna unable to work normally. In addition, the third connecting member is used to fix the grounding plate on the housing, making the antenna structure more stable.

[0012] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model comprises a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell form a first space, the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are located in the first space, the second shell portion is located between the circuit substrate and the grounding plate, and is provided with a first through hole, and the size of the grounding plate is less than or equal to the size of the portion of the second shell located between the circuit substrate and the grounding plate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are stacked in the first space formed by the first shell and the second shell, which not only reduces the size of the antenna, but also effectively protects the antenna components. The grounding plate is arranged outside the shell, and the circuit substrate and the grounding plate are isolated by the shell. The grounding plate and the circuit substrate are connected only by the second connecting member passing through the first through hole of the shell, which not only ensures that the grounding plate can work normally, but also avoids the problem that the grounding plate and the circuit substrate are in large-area contact, causing the grounding plate to interfere with the circuit substrate, thereby making the antenna unable to work normally. In addition, the size of the grounding plate is less than or equal to the size of the part of the second shell between the circuit substrate and the grounding plate, which can protect the grounding plate and avoid damage to the grounding plate during the installation or transportation of the antenna.

[0014] According to another specific embodiment of the present utility model, in an antenna disclosed in an embodiment of the present utility model, the third connecting member is a hot melt column formed by a hot melt process.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, a simple hot-melt process is used to form a hot-melt column to fix the ground plate on the second shell, so that the antenna structure is more stable, which is conducive to the use of the antenna on various different devices.

[0016] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has different sizes of radiation sub-units, and each radiation sub-unit increases successively in the direction close to the circuit substrate, and each radiation sub-unit is used to radiate radiation signals of different frequency bands.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a plurality of radiating sub-units are adopted, and the plurality of radiating sub-units have different sizes, so that the radiating plates included in the plurality of radiating sub-units can radiate different working frequency bands, thereby broadening the radiation frequency band of the antenna.

[0018] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with through holes on part of the dielectric substrate and the radiation plate, and the third connecting piece corresponding to each radiation sub-unit passes through the through hole on the dielectric substrate included in each radiation sub-unit, as well as the through hole on the radiation plate included in the radiation sub-unit and the through hole on the dielectric substrate located between the radiation sub-unit and the circuit substrate, and one end is connected to the radiation plate included in the radiation sub-unit, and the other end is connected to the circuit substrate.

[0019] With the above technical solution, the third connecting member corresponding to each radiating sub-unit passes through the through hole provided on the radiating sheet and the through hole provided on the dielectric substrate of other radiating sub-units between the radiating sub-unit and the circuit substrate, and one end is connected to the radiating sheet and the other end is connected to the circuit substrate. In this way, the circuit substrate can provide current so that each radiating sheet can achieve radiation in different working frequency bands.

[0020] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with a blocking plate extending toward the center of the dielectric substrate at an edge of a dielectric substrate close to a radiating plate, and the radiating plate is provided on the dielectric substrate and blocked by the blocking plate.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a blocking sheet is used to fix the radiation sheet between the blocking sheet and the dielectric substrate, which can prevent the radiation sheet from falling off and avoid the antenna from falling apart and failing to work normally.

[0022] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with a card interface on the edge of a dielectric substrate close to a radiating plate, and the radiating plate is provided with a card connector. The radiating plate is connected to the card interface through the card connector so as to be arranged on the dielectric substrate. The card interface is in a "concave" shape, and the card connector is in a "convex" shape.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the card interface and the card connector can be used together to stably stack the radiation sheet and the dielectric substrate, thereby preventing the radiation sheet from falling off and the antenna from falling apart and failing to work properly.

[0024] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model, two radiating subunits are a first radiating subunit and a second radiating subunit, the third connecting member includes a first subconnecting member and a second subconnecting member, the first radiating subunit includes a first radiating plate and a first dielectric substrate, the second radiating subunit includes a second radiating plate and a second dielectric substrate, the size of the first radiating plate is smaller than the size of the first dielectric substrate, the size of the first dielectric substrate is smaller than the size of the second radiating plate, and the size of the second radiating plate is smaller than the size of the second dielectric substrate, wherein the first radiating plate and the first dielectric substrate , a second radiation plate, and a second dielectric substrate are stacked in sequence along the first direction; and a second through hole is provided on the first dielectric substrate, a third through hole corresponding to the second through hole is provided on the second radiation plate, a fourth through hole corresponding to the third through hole is provided on the second dielectric substrate, and a fifth through hole is provided; a first sub-connector passes through the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole, one end of which is connected to the first radiation plate, and the other end of which is connected to a side of the circuit substrate close to the second dielectric substrate; a second sub-connector passes through the fifth through hole, one end of which is connected to the second radiation plate, and the other end of which is connected to a side of the circuit substrate close to the second dielectric substrate.

[0025] With the above technical solution, the closer to the dielectric substrate, the larger the size. In this way, the antenna is more compact and small while ensuring the radiation working frequency band of the radiating plate. In addition, the first radiating subunit and the second radiating subunit can realize radiation in two different working frequency bands, so that the antenna can realize antenna working bandwidths in different frequency bands.

[0026] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model, the first radiation plate is used to radiate radiation signals of a first frequency band, and the second radiation plate is used to radiate radiation signals of a second frequency band. The first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, the range of the first frequency band is 1559MHz to 1610MHz, and the range of the second frequency band is 1164MHz to 1189MHz.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the first radiating subunit radiates the radiation signal of the first frequency band, and the second radiating subunit radiates the radiation signal of the second frequency band. In this way, the first radiating subunit and the second radiating subunit can realize the radiation of two different working frequency bands, so that the antenna can realize different antenna working bandwidths. By limiting the frequency band range, the antenna can realize the antenna radiation under the frequency band, thereby realizing positioning.

[0028] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, in an antenna disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention, at least two first connectors corresponding to each radiation sub-unit are provided, and / or at least four second connectors are provided.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, at least two first connectors are used to connect the radiation plate and the circuit substrate, so that the antenna radiation is more inclined to a perfect circle, and has better antenna circular polarization performance. At least four second connectors are used to connect the ground plate and the circuit substrate, so that the ground plate has better back-incident wave suppression capability, improves the antenna's anti-multipath interference capability, and improves the antenna's overall performance.

[0030] According to another specific embodiment of the utility model, an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model, the third connecting member corresponding to each radiating sub-unit is connected to the feeding point of the circuit substrate, and one end of each second connecting member is connected to the ground of the circuit substrate; the first sub-connector and the second sub-connector are cylindrical feeding pins with a diameter ranging from 0.6mm to 1mm; the length range of the ground plate is 60mm to 80mm, and the width range is 60mm to 80mm.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the radiation sheet included in each radiation sub-unit is connected to the feeding point of the circuit substrate through the first connector, so that each radiation sheet can have better feeding radiation. In addition, the ground plate is connected to the four corners of the circuit substrate through the second connector to achieve a better common ground effect, further improving the antenna gain and other performance. Furthermore, the first sub-connector and the second sub-connector are cylindrical feeding pins, which can achieve better feeding performance, so that the antenna has better circular polarization performance.

[0032] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model further discloses a communication device, comprising the antenna disclosed in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect above.

[0033] The communication device formed by the antenna provided by the first aspect can achieve more accurate positioning because the antenna gain is improved.

[0034] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model further discloses a vehicle, comprising the antenna disclosed in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, or comprising the communication device disclosed in the second aspect.

[0035] The vehicle formed by the antenna provided by the first aspect can achieve more accurate positioning because the antenna gain is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is an exploded view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 2 is a disassembly diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0039] Figure 4 An exploded view of a radiation unit and a dielectric substrate provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a first radiation subunit provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of another first radiation subunit provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic bottom view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0044] Fig. 9 An overall schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0045] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the S parameter performance of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0046] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of gains corresponding to different operating frequency bands provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0047] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of axial ratios corresponding to different operating frequency bands provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0048] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of circular polarization performance provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0049] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the carrier-to-noise ratio of the antenna provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0050] Fig.15 A performance diagram of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the utility model when used in different positioning systems.

[0051] Description of reference numerals:

[0052] 10. Radiating unit;

[0053] 11, first radiation subunit; 111, first radiation sheet; 1111, card connector; 112, first dielectric substrate; 1121, blocking sheet; 1122, card interface; 1123, second through hole;

[0054] 12, second radiation subunit; 121, second radiation plate; 1212, third through hole; 122, second dielectric substrate;

[0055] 1223, fourth through hole; 1224, fifth through hole;

[0056] 20. Circuit substrate;

[0057] 30. Ground plate;

[0058] 40. A first connecting member;

[0059] 50. A second connecting member;

[0060] 60. third connecting member; 61. first sub-connecting member; 62. second sub-connecting member;

[0061] 70. Shell; 71. First shell; 711. Handle; 72. Second shell; 721. First through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Antenna is a radio device that transforms the guided waves propagating on the transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or performs the opposite transformation. Generally, antennas are reversible. It is a component used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in radio equipment. Engineering systems such as radio communications, broadcasting, television, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, remote sensing, and radio astronomy, all of which use electromagnetic waves to transmit information, rely on antennas to work. In addition, in terms of transmitting energy with electromagnetic waves, non-signal energy radiation also requires antennas. Antennas are divided into two categories: internal and external. Common internal antennas include: Monopole antenna, Planar Inverted F-shaped Antenna (PIFA antenna), patch ceramic antenna, Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) antenna, etc.; common external antennas include: rod antenna, telescopic antenna, helical antenna, vehicle-mounted antenna, etc.

[0063] Therefore, the antenna can be used in more vehicles, mobile phones and other devices to achieve positioning.

[0064] Since the satellite signal strength received on the ground is around -160dBW, it is a weak small signal with circular polarization type. Therefore, the antenna is required to have high gain, small phase center error, and be compatible with multiple operating frequency bands (that is, the aforementioned operating frequency bandwidth) to improve the sensitivity of the positioning signal receiver system and thereby improve resistance to multipath fading.

[0065] As mentioned above, the performance of antennas (such as GNSS antennas) directly determines the positioning accuracy of high-precision positioning systems (such as GNSS systems). However, the antennas included in popular high-precision positioning systems, such as anti-multipath high-precision positioning antennas, are often bulky, which greatly limits their application scope and application scenarios. Now, in order to make the antennas suitable for various types of vehicles, mobile phones and other devices, the demand for built-in and small-sized vehicle-mounted high-precision antennas (such as vehicle-mounted high-precision GNSS antennas) is more urgent. Therefore, miniaturized, high-gain, circularly polarized high-precision positioning antennas have become an important research direction in the current antenna field.

[0066] Therefore, in order to solve the problems of insufficient antenna operating frequency bandwidth and poor antenna gain caused by reducing the size of the antenna in order to realize the internalization of the antenna, the implementation method of the present application provides an antenna, including a radiating unit, a circuit substrate, a grounding plate, a shell, a first connector, a second connector, and a third connector, wherein the radiating unit and the circuit substrate are located inside the shell, the grounding plate is located outside the shell and fixed to the shell by the first connector, and the radiating unit, the circuit substrate, and the grounding plate are stacked in sequence along the first direction. In this way, a miniaturized laminated microstrip patch antenna structure is formed.

[0067] Furthermore, the radiation unit includes at least two radiation subunits, each radiation subunit includes a radiation plate and a dielectric substrate, and each radiation plate is connected to the circuit substrate through a third connector, so that the antenna can support different working frequency bands, so as to broaden the working frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and solve the problem of insufficient working frequency bandwidth of the antenna.

[0068] Furthermore, by designing a ground plane below the miniaturized laminated microstrip patch antenna structure (i.e., the side of the shell away from the circuit substrate), the circuit substrate and the ground plane are isolated by the shell, and the ground plane and the circuit substrate are connected only by the second connector passing through the first through hole of the shell, which not only ensures that the ground plane can work normally, but also avoids the problem that the ground plane interferes with the circuit substrate due to large-area contact between the ground plane and the circuit substrate, thereby preventing the antenna from working normally. In addition, the ground plane and the radiating unit are both connected to the circuit substrate, so that the coupling between the ground plane and the radiating unit produces resonance, improves the performance of the radiating plate, and then improves the antenna's beam width, antenna elevation angle and other performance, that is, improves the antenna radiation axis ratio and antenna gain performance within the entire working frequency bandwidth, effectively suppresses multipath interference, and thus improves the overall performance of the antenna.

[0069] Next, combine Figure 1-Figure 7 , the structure of the antenna provided by the implementation method of this application is described in detail.

[0070] like Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, in an implementation provided in the present application, the antenna provided in the implementation of the present application includes a radiation unit 10, a circuit substrate 20, a ground plate 30, a first connector 40, a second connector 50, a third connector 60 and a shell 70.

[0071] The radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 are located in the housing 70 , and the ground plate 30 is located outside the housing 70 and is fixedly connected to the housing 70 via a first connector 40 .

[0072] The radiation unit 10 , the circuit substrate 20 and the ground plate 30 are stacked in sequence along the first direction X.

[0073] The first direction X is a direction perpendicular to the thickness directions of the radiation element, the circuit substrate, and the ground plate.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, a first through hole 721 is provided on the portion of the housing 70 between the grounding plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 , and the second connector 50 passes through the first through hole 721 , with one end connected to the circuit substrate 20 and the other end connected to the grounding plate 30 .

[0075] In one implementation provided by the implementation of the present application, the radiation unit 10 is used to emit a preset radiation frequency band signal for obtaining a positioning signal. The circuit substrate 20 is used to supply power to the radiation unit 10 and the grounding plate 30, so that the radiation unit 10 emits a radiation signal based on the current signal, and the grounding plate 30 achieves a common ground effect based on the current signal, and improves the antenna's beam width, low-elevation-angle incident wave signal receiving capability, front-to-back axis ratio performance, etc., so that the antenna's radiation bandwidth is stronger and the gain is better.

[0076] The antenna provided by the implementation of the present application is provided by arranging the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 in the housing 70, and the grounding plate 30 outside the housing 70, and the radiation unit 10, the circuit substrate 20 and the grounding plate 30 are stacked in sequence along the first direction, so that the antenna structure is more compact, there is no waste of space in the first direction X, and the size of the antenna is reduced. Furthermore, by arranging the grounding plate 30, and connecting the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20, and connecting the grounding plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20, while reducing the overall size of the antenna, the coupling between the grounding plate 30 and the radiation plate included in the radiation unit 10 generates resonance, thereby improving the performance of the radiation plate, and then improving the performance of the antenna such as the beam width and the antenna elevation angle, that is, improving the antenna radiation axis ratio and the antenna gain performance within the entire working frequency bandwidth, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the antenna.

[0077] Furthermore, by arranging the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 in the housing 70, the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 can be better protected from damage, and the grounding plate 30 is arranged outside the housing 70, and the circuit substrate 20 and the grounding plate 30 are isolated by the housing 70, and the grounding plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 are connected only by the second connecting member 50 through the first through hole 721 of the housing 70, which not only ensures that the grounding plate 30 can work normally, but also avoids the problem that the grounding plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 are in large-area contact, causing the grounding plate 30 to interfere with the circuit substrate 20, thereby making the antenna unable to work normally. In addition, the first connecting member 40 is used to fix the grounding plate 30 on the housing 70, so that the antenna structure is more stable.

[0078] Further, in an implementation of the present application, the housing 70 includes a first housing 71 and a second housing 72 .

[0079] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, the first shell 71 is also the upper shell, and the upper shell is a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube with an opening on one side.

[0080] In one implementation, handles 711 are provided on both sides of the upper shell to facilitate installation by the user.

[0081] The handle 711 can be specifically a connection part respectively arranged on both sides of the upper shell, and each side is provided with two independent connection parts. The connection part and the upper shell can be welded or integrally formed.

[0082] The handle 711 may specifically be in a "U" shape, with the opening side connected to the side of the upper shell, which may be welded or integrally formed.

[0083] In another implementation, the handle 711 may also be a quadrilateral structure, wherein one side of the quadrilateral is open and the open side is connected to the side surface of the upper shell.

[0084] In another implementation, the handle 711 may also be a circular ring, and the circular ring is arranged on both sides of the upper shell.

[0085] Of course, the handle 711 can be folded to both sides of the upper shell when not in use to save space.

[0086] Furthermore, the second housing 72 is also a lower housing, and the lower housing is a cuboid or a cube with one side open, wherein the lower housing is shorter than the upper housing in the first direction.

[0087] Of course, in another implementation, the upper shell may be shorter than the lower shell in the first direction.

[0088] In another implementation of the present application, the lower shell may be a plane, and the lower shell may be embedded in the opening side of the upper shell.

[0089] Furthermore, the first housing 71 and the second housing 72 form a first space, and the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 are located in the first space. That is, each radiation sub-unit and the circuit substrate 20 are stacked along the first direction X in the first space.

[0090] The volume of the first space can be specifically determined according to the volume sum of the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20. In the implementation of the present application, in order to stabilize the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20, it is defined that the length of the first space in the first direction is the same as the sum of the lengths of the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20, and the length and width of the first space in the second direction are the same as the longest and widest components of the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20, wherein the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0091] Furthermore, the second housing 72 is partially located between the circuit substrate 20 and the ground plate 30 , and is provided with a first through hole 721 .

[0092] That is, if the second housing 72 is a cuboid or a cube, the bottom surface of the second housing 72 is located between the circuit substrate 20 and the ground plate 30. If the second housing 72 is a plane, most of the second housing 72 is located between the circuit substrate 20 and the ground plate 30.

[0093] Furthermore, in one implementation, one end of each second connecting member 50 is respectively connected to at least one corner of the circuit substrate 20 , and is ground-connected to the circuit substrate 20 .

[0094] Exemplarily, a feeding point connected to the second connector 50 is provided at at least one corner of the circuit substrate 20, a through hole (i.e., a first through hole 721) is provided on the second housing 72 at a position relative to the feeding point, and the second connector 50 passes through the first through hole 721, with one end connected to the corresponding feeding point and the other end connected to the corresponding position of the grounding plate 30. In this way, the grounding plate 30 can be fully and effectively grounded, improving the working bandwidth of the GNSS antenna and the upper hemisphere antenna elevation performance, so as to achieve a more stable antenna system performance.

[0095] Of course, in another implementation, a feeding point connected to the second connecting member 50 can be set at any position of the circuit substrate 20, and a through hole (that is, the first through hole 721) relative to the feeding point can be set on the second shell 72, so that the second connecting member 50 can be connected to the corresponding feeding point at one end through the first through hole 721, and the other end can be connected to the corresponding position of the grounding plate 30.

[0096] In one implementation, the number of the second connectors 50 is two, and they can be connected to the diagonal corners of the circuit substrate 20, or the two opposite sides of the circuit substrate 20, etc. That is, a feeding point corresponding to each second connector 50 is provided at any diagonal corner or any opposite side of the circuit substrate 20, and a first through hole 721 corresponding to each feeding point is provided on the second shell 72, and the two second connectors 50 each pass through the corresponding through hole, one end is connected to the corresponding feeding point, and the other end is connected to the corresponding position of the ground plate 30. In this way, by using two connectors to connect the ground plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20, the ground plate 30 can be grounded, which can play a reflective role, can reduce the return loss of the radiation unit 10, improve the beam width, low elevation angle, front-to-back ratio performance of the antenna, etc., and at the same time improve the axial ratio and antenna gain performance in the entire working frequency band.

[0097] In another implementation, the number of the second connecting members 50 is four, that is, feeding points corresponding to the second connecting members 50 are arranged at the four corners of the circuit substrate 20, and the second shell 72 is provided with first through holes 721 relative to the feeding points. The four second connecting members 50 each pass through the corresponding through hole, with one end connected to the corresponding feeding point and the other end connected to the corresponding position of the grounding plate 30. In this way, four connectors are used to connect the ground plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20, so that the ground plate 30 can be fully and effectively grounded, which can play a great reflective role, reduce the return loss of the radiation unit 10, and improve the antenna's beam width, low elevation angle, front-to-back ratio performance, etc., that is, the antenna's operating frequency bandwidth and upper hemisphere antenna elevation performance are improved, while improving the axial ratio and antenna gain performance in the entire operating frequency band, further improving the antenna's zenith and elevation direction incident wave reception capability, and suppressing the antenna's back-incident wave reception capability. The back-incident wave is generally a multipath signal reflected and refracted. Therefore, the ground plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 are connected by connectors to suppress the reflection of the radiator. The smaller the reflection, the smaller the interference of the radiator signal, which means the better the antenna performance, thereby improving the antenna's ability to resist multipath interference and improving the antenna's comprehensive performance to achieve more stable antenna performance and improve the performance of the entire antenna system.

[0098] In one implementation, the second connector 50 can specifically be a feeding pin with a conductive function and a cylindrical shape, such as a pin pin. In this way, power transmission between the circuit substrate 20 and the grounding plate 30 can be achieved through the pin pin, and four pin pins are set at the four corners to make the conductive performance better and more stable, thereby making the grounding plate 30 more resistant to multipath interference, so that the radiation range of the radiation unit 10 is wider and the performance is better.

[0099] Of course, in other implementations of the present application, the second connector 50 may specifically be other cylindrical connectors with a conductive function, or other connectors such as a prism.

[0100] It should be noted that the radiation unit 10 , the circuit substrate 20 , and the ground plate 30 are parallel to each other.

[0101] Furthermore, in an implementation of the present application, the grounding plate 30 is fixed on the lower surface of the second shell 72 by using the first connecting member 40 .

[0102] In one implementation, there may be four first connecting members 40 , and the four first connecting members 40 are respectively disposed at four corners of the second shell 72 and connected to the four corners of the grounding plate 30 .

[0103] Exemplarily, four first connectors 40 are provided on the side of the second shell 72 away from the circuit substrate 20, and a through hole (for example, the sixth through hole) corresponding to each first connector 40 is provided on the grounding plate 30. The first connector 40 passes through each through hole to fix the grounding plate 30 on the second shell 72.

[0104] In one implementation, the first connecting member 40 includes a screw and a nut, wherein the screw passes through the four through holes of the grounding plate 30, one end of the screw is connected to the second housing 72, and the nut and the screw cooperate to fix the grounding plate 30 to the second housing 72. In this way, the grounding plate 30 is fixed to the second housing 72 by the screw and the nut, so that the antenna is more stable and the grounding plate 30 will not fall off or be lost during movement.

[0105] In another implementation, the first connector 40 is a hot melt column formed by a hot melt process. One end of the first connector 40 is heated and fused with the second shell 72, and passes through the four through holes of the grounding plate 30, and the other end is also heated and fused, so that the diameters of the two ends are larger than the diameters of the through holes, thereby fixing the grounding plate 30 on the second shell 72. In this way, compared with fixing with screws and nuts, using a hot melt column is simpler. Therefore, the fixation of the grounding plate 30 and the second shell 72 can be achieved by a simple process, and even if the antenna is arranged in different areas of the vehicle, for example, and is subjected to different high-intensity vibrations, it can still have stable RF and structural performance, making the antenna more stable and preventing the grounding plate 30 from falling off or being lost during movement.

[0106] In another implementation, the number of the first connecting members 40 may be 2 or 6, and those skilled in the art may set the number according to the requirements. The first connecting members 40 may be set at the four corners, four sides, or any position of the second housing 72. The setting method and the method of fixing the ground plate 30 and the second housing 72 may be the same as the method of the first connecting members 40 being 4, and will not be described in detail here.

[0107] In one implementation of the present application, the size of the grounding plate 30 is smaller than or equal to the size of the portion of the second housing 72 located between the circuit substrate 20 and the grounding plate 30. The grounding plate 30 can be protected to prevent damage to the grounding plate 30 during antenna installation or transportation.

[0108] Exemplarily, the length of the ground plate 30 ranges from 60 mm to 90 mm, such as 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, etc., and the width ranges from 60 mm to 90 mm, such as 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, etc.

[0109] In one implementation, the size of the ground plate 30 is 80 mm*80 mm. Thus, by stacking the radiation unit 10 and the circuit substrate 20 and limiting the size of the ground plate 30, the overall size of the antenna is greatly reduced, making the antenna more miniaturized.

[0110] Furthermore, in another implementation, the grounding plate 30 may also be attached to the lower surface of the lower housing. Of course, the grounding plate 30 may also be in other irregular shapes.

[0111] In one implementation, the material of the ground plate 30 can be a metal material, that is, a grounded metal plate. In this way, the conductive property of the metal material and the grounding characteristics of the ground plate 30 are utilized to make the radiation unit 10 have better radiation performance and can reach both ends of the radiation frequency band. Therefore, the antenna bandwidth can be widened, and ultimately the upper hemisphere gain performance and axial ratio performance of the antenna in the entire working frequency band are improved, thereby improving the antenna performance.

[0112] Furthermore, in an implementation of the present application, the radiation unit 10 includes at least two radiation sub-units, and the radiation sub-units are stacked in sequence along the first direction X.

[0113] Each radiation subunit includes a dielectric substrate and a radiation sheet arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate. Between two adjacent radiation subunits, the dielectric substrate of one radiation subunit is arranged adjacent to the radiation sheet of the other radiation subunit.

[0114] The radiation sheet of each radiation sub-unit is connected to the circuit substrate 20 via the corresponding third connection member 60 .

[0115] Thus, the radiation unit 10 includes at least two radiation sub-units, each of which is stacked along the first direction, so that the antenna can achieve a bandwidth of at least two frequency bands, broadening the antenna operating frequency bandwidth. In addition, the radiation sheet of each radiation sub-unit is connected to the circuit substrate 20 through the third connector 60, ensuring the normal radiation of the radiation sheet.

[0116] In one implementation of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the radiation unit 10 includes two radiation sub-units, the two radiation sub-units are a first radiation sub-unit 11 and a second radiation sub-unit 12. Figure 4 As shown, the third connecting member 60 includes a first sub-connecting member 61 and a second sub-connecting member 62 , the first radiating subunit 11 includes a first radiating plate 111 and a first dielectric substrate 112 , and the second radiating subunit 12 includes a second radiating plate 121 and a second dielectric substrate 122 .

[0117] The first radiation plate 111 , the first dielectric substrate 112 , the second radiation plate 121 , and the second dielectric substrate 122 are stacked in sequence along a first direction.

[0118] Furthermore, in an implementation of the present application, the sizes of the radiation sub-units are different, and the sizes of the radiation sub-units increase sequentially in a direction approaching the circuit substrate 20 .

[0119] Exemplarily, the radiation sub-units are stacked on the circuit substrate 20 according to sizes from small to large.

[0120] In one implementation of the present application, the size of the first radiation plate 111 is smaller than the size of the first dielectric substrate 112 , the size of the first dielectric substrate 112 is smaller than the size of the second radiation plate 121 , and the size of the second radiation plate 121 is smaller than the size of the second dielectric substrate 122 .

[0121] In one implementation, the length range and width range of the first radiation plate 111 are both greater than or equal to 35 mm and less than or equal to 38 mm, such as 35 mm, 36.5 mm, 37 mm, 37.5 mm, and 38 mm. The length range and width range of the first dielectric substrate 112 are both greater than 38 mm and less than or equal to 40 mm, such as 38.1 mm, 38.5 mm, 39 mm, 38.5 mm, and 40 mm. The length range and width range of the second radiation plate 121 are both greater than 40 mm and less than or equal to 52 mm, such as 40 mm, 42.5 mm, 45 mm, 47.6 mm, and 52 mm. The length range and width range of the second dielectric substrate 122 are both greater than 52 mm and less than 54 mm. For example, 52.1 mm, 52.5 mm, 53 mm, 53.6 mm, and 54 mm.

[0122] In another implementation, the size of the first radiation plate 111 is 38 mm*38 mm, the size of the first dielectric substrate 112 is 40 mm*40 mm, the size of the second radiation plate 121 is 52 mm*52 mm, and the size of the second dielectric substrate 122 is 54 mm*54 mm.

[0123] In one implementation of the present application, each radiation sheet is used to radiate radiation signals of different frequency bands.

[0124] In one implementation, the closer the radiating subunit is to the circuit substrate 20, the smaller the working frequency band it is responsible for. The working frequency bands of the radiating subunits can be completely different, and of course there can be some overlap. In this way, one antenna can perform bandwidth work in multiple different working frequency bands, thus broadening the antenna working frequency band and compensating for the problem of poor antenna performance caused by insufficient antenna working frequency bandwidth.

[0125] In an implementation of the present application, the first radiation plate 111 is used to radiate radiation signals in a first frequency band, and the second radiation plate 121 is used to radiate radiation signals in a second frequency band, and the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band.

[0126] In one implementation of the present application, the first frequency band ranges from 1559 MHz to 1610 MHz (i.e., the L1 frequency band), and the second frequency band ranges from 1164 MHz to 1189 MHz (i.e., the L5 frequency band). In this way, the first radiation plate 111 is responsible for high frequency, so the first radiation plate 111 and the first dielectric substrate 112 are placed above the second radiation plate 121 and the second dielectric substrate 122, which is more conducive to designing the shape and size of the first radiation plate 111 and the second radiation plate 121, which is conducive to impedance matching and obtaining a better resonant frequency.

[0127] In another implementation of the present application, the first frequency band may also be other frequency bands such as L2 and L3, and the second frequency band may also be other frequency bands such as L4. That is, the antenna provided in the present application may be applicable to simultaneously support all working frequency bands of the navigation and positioning system.

[0128] Furthermore, in another implementation, the operating frequency band range of at least any two radiating sub-units can be the same. In this way, when a radiating sub-unit is damaged and cannot work normally, other radiating sub-units with the same operating frequency band range can be used to work. There is no need to disassemble the antenna and replace components in the antenna to ensure the normal operation of the antenna, thereby avoiding the problem that the antenna cannot work normally in a certain operating frequency band, thereby affecting positioning, so that the positioning system using the antenna can generate positioning information normally and accurately.

[0129] In one implementation of the present application, through holes are provided on some dielectric substrates and radiation sheets, and the third connecting member 60 corresponding to each radiation sub-unit passes through the through holes provided on the dielectric substrate included in each radiation sub-unit, as well as the through holes on the radiation sheet included in the radiation sub-unit located between the radiation sub-unit and the circuit substrate 20 and the through holes provided on the dielectric substrate, and one end is connected to the radiation sheet included in each radiation sub-unit, and the other end is connected to the circuit substrate 20.

[0130] Therefore, in one implementation, the third connector 60 corresponding to each radiating subunit needs to be connected to the radiating sheet included in the radiating subunit at one end, pass through the through holes provided on the radiating sheets of other radiating subunits between the radiating subunit and the circuit substrate 20 and the through holes provided on the dielectric substrate, and the other end is connected to the circuit substrate 20. In this way, the radiating sheet included in each radiating subunit is electrically connected to the circuit substrate 20, so that the radiating sheet included in each radiating subunit works in the corresponding working frequency band.

[0131] Of course, in another implementation, only the radiation pieces included in the radiation subunits of different working frequency bands are connected to the circuit substrate 20 through the corresponding third connector 60, and the radiation pieces included in the radiation subunits of the same working frequency band can be used as spare radiation subunits, and when needed, they are connected to the circuit substrate 20 through the corresponding third connector 60. In this way, it can be avoided that multiple radiation subunits work in the same working frequency band, causing waste.

[0132] like Figure 4 As shown, a second through hole 1123 is provided on the first dielectric substrate 112, a third through hole 1212 corresponding to the second through hole 1123 is provided on the second radiation plate 121, a fourth through hole 1223 corresponding to the third through hole 1212 is provided on the second dielectric substrate 122, and the first sub-connector 61 passes through the second through hole 1123, the third through hole 1212 and the fourth through hole 1223, one end of which is connected to the first radiation plate 111, and the other end of which is connected to a side of the circuit substrate 20 close to the second dielectric substrate 122.

[0133] Furthermore, a fifth through hole 1224 is provided on the second dielectric substrate 122 , and the second sub-connector 62 passes through the fifth through hole 1224 , with one end connected to the second radiation plate 121 , and the other end connected to a side of the circuit substrate 20 close to the second dielectric substrate 122 .

[0134] Furthermore, in one implementation of the present application, Figure 5 As shown, taking the first radiation subunit 11 as an example, the edge of the first dielectric substrate 112 close to the first radiation plate 111 has a blocking plate 1121 extending toward the center of the dielectric substrate, and the first radiation plate 111 is arranged on the first dielectric substrate 112 and fixed by the blocking plate 1121.

[0135] In one implementation, the first radiation plate 111 and the first dielectric substrate 112 are circular, and at least one blocking plate 1121 is disposed on an edge of the first dielectric substrate 112 to fix the first radiation plate 111 .

[0136] In another implementation, the first radiation sheet 111 and the first dielectric substrate 112 are regular rectangles, the first radiation sheet 111 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 112, and the first radiation sheet 111 is fixed by a blocking sheet 1121. Of course, the first radiation sheet 111 can also be a rectangle with rounded corners or cut corners.

[0137] Exemplarily, blocking sheets 1121 are provided on any two sides (e.g., opposite sides, or two adjacent sides) of the first dielectric substrate 112, and at least two blocking sheets 1121 extend toward the center of the first dielectric substrate 112. In this way, the first radiation sheet 111 can be prevented from being separated from the first dielectric substrate 112, making the entire antenna structure more stable.

[0138] In one implementation, if two blocking plates 1121 are arranged on opposite sides or on two adjacent sides, the two blocking plates 1121 and the first dielectric substrate 112 can be formed as one piece. During installation, the first radiation plate 111 can be pushed onto the first dielectric substrate 112 through any side where the blocking plate 1121 is not arranged.

[0139] In another implementation, if there are four blocking plates 1121, the four blocking plates 1121 and the first dielectric substrate 112 can be integrally formed. During installation, one side of the first radiation plate 111 can be first pushed between one of the blocking plates 1121 and the first dielectric substrate 112, and then the other three sides of the first radiation plate 111 can be placed between the blocking plates 1121 and the first dielectric substrate 112 by moving the first radiation plate 111.

[0140] In another implementation, if there are four blocking plates 1121, any one of the blocking plates 1121 can be integrally formed, and another blocking plate 1121 can be rotatably connected to the first dielectric substrate 112. During installation, the rotatable blocking plate 1121 is first rotated down, and the first radiation plate 111 is placed between the other three blocking plates 1121 and the first dielectric substrate 112, and then the extension portion of the rotatable blocking plate 1121 is rotated to be parallel to the first dielectric substrate 112.

[0141] In one implementation, a rotation axis is disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate 112 , and one side of the blocking sheet 1121 passes through the rotation axis and is rotatably connected to the first dielectric substrate 112 .

[0142] In another implementation, if there are four blocking pieces 1121, any two of the blocking pieces 1121 can be rotatably connected to the first dielectric substrate 112, and any two of the blocking pieces 1121 can be integrally formed with the first dielectric substrate 112. Of course, any three of the blocking pieces 1121 can be rotatably connected to the first dielectric substrate 112, and another blocking piece 1121 can be integrally formed with the first dielectric substrate 112. Of course, all four blocking pieces 1121 can be rotatably connected to the first dielectric substrate 112.

[0143] Of course, the structures of the second radiation sub-unit and other radiation sub-units are similar to that of the first radiation sub-unit, and will not be described in detail here.

[0144] In another implementation of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, a card interface 1122 is provided on the edge of the first dielectric substrate 112 on one side close to the first radiation plate 111, and the first radiation plate 111 is provided with a card connector 1111. The first radiation plate 111 is connected to the card interface 1122 of the first dielectric substrate 112 through the card connector 1111, so that the first radiation plate 111 is fixed on the first dielectric substrate 112, the card interface 1122 is in a "concave" shape, and the card connector 1111 is in a "convex" shape.

[0145] Exemplarily, a card interface 1122 is provided on the first dielectric substrate 112. The card interface 1122 is provided on a side surface of the first dielectric substrate 112 close to the first radiation sheet 111 and is integrally formed with the first dielectric substrate 112. The card interface 1122 is specifically a "concave" card interface. The edges of the first radiation sheet 111 are all provided with "convex" card connectors, and the first radiation sheet 111 can be embedded in the first dielectric substrate 112. In this way, during installation, the card connector 1111 of the first radiation sheet 111 corresponds to the card interface 1122 of the first dielectric substrate 112, so that the first radiation sheet 111 can be embedded in the first dielectric substrate 112, making the antenna structure more stable.

[0146] It should be noted that the thickness of the card interface 1122 is the same as the thickness of the radiation sheet.

[0147] In one implementation, the first dielectric substrate 112 is provided with at least two card interfaces 1122 , and the at least two card interfaces 1122 are provided on two opposite sides or two adjacent sides of the first dielectric substrate 112 , and the first radiation sheet 111 includes two card connectors 1111 corresponding to the card interfaces 1122 .

[0148] In an implementation of the present application, at least two third connecting members 60 are provided corresponding to each radiation sub-unit.

[0149] That is, in one implementation, each radiating subunit is connected to the circuit substrate 20 via at least two third connectors 60. In this way, the dual-feed circular polarization method is adopted, compared with the single-feed circular polarization method, so that the antenna has a better ellipticity (i.e., non-circularity) in each radiation direction of the antenna, that is, the radiation range of the radiating sheet of each radiating subunit is more inclined to a perfect circle in each radiation direction.

[0150] In one implementation of the present application, the third connector 60 corresponding to each radiation subunit is connected to the feeding point of the circuit substrate 20. That is, each third connector 60 is connected to the upper feeding network (ie, the upper feeding point) of the circuit substrate 20.

[0151] Furthermore, in one implementation of the present application, the third connectors 60 are all connected to the upper feeding point of the circuit substrate 20 in an eccentric feeding manner. In addition, at least two third connectors 60 are used, and the eccentric feeding amplitudes of the two third connectors 60 are equal and the phase difference is 90° through the coupler on the circuit substrate 20, thereby achieving right-hand circular polarization in each working frequency band.

[0152] In one implementation, the third connector 60 is a cylindrical feeding needle, such as a pin needle, and of course, it can also be other metal feeding needles. That is, the radiator and the upper feeding point of the circuit substrate 20 are connected by the pin needle, and the pin needle adopts eccentric feeding, so that the eccentric feeding amplitudes of the two third connectors 60 through the coupler of the circuit substrate 20 are equal and the phase difference is 90°, thereby achieving right-hand circular polarization in each working frequency band.

[0153] In one implementation of the present application, the dielectric substrate included in each radiating sub-unit is made of a plastic material with a dielectric constant of 5.8. Compared with traditional ceramic dielectrics, it has smaller losses, better improves the bandwidth of the antenna, and has better sideband gain.

[0154] In one implementation of the present application, the radiation sheet included in each radiation sub-unit is made of metal, and the radiation sheet is printed on the dielectric substrate by printing metal silver paste. In this way, the radiation sub-unit is formed in the form of dielectric plastic plus printed metal silver paste, which improves the corrosion resistance of the antenna. The dielectric plastic has a certain thickness. The external dimensions of each radiation sheet and the dielectric constant of each dielectric substrate are adjusted by design, so that the antenna can cover the full frequency band of different operating frequency bands (such as L1 and L5).

[0155] That is, in one implementation of the present application, there are at least two first sub-connectors 61 corresponding to the first radiation sub-unit, and the first sub-connectors 61 are cylindrical feeding needles (e.g., pin needles) with a diameter ranging from 0.6 mm to 1 mm and a length ranging from 10 mm to 14 mm. For example, the diameters are 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, and the lengths are 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, and 14 mm.

[0156] In one implementation, the first sub-connector 61 has a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 12 mm. In this way, the first radiation plate 111 is connected to the upper feeding network of the circuit substrate 20 through pin needle 1 and pin needle 2. Both pin needle 1 and pin needle 2 use eccentric feeding. Both pin needle 1 and pin needle 2 are cylinders with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 12 mm. The two pin needle signals pass through the coupler on the circuit substrate 20 to make their amplitudes equal and the phase difference is 90°, thereby realizing right-hand circular polarization in the L1 frequency band. The dual-feed circular polarization method is adopted, and the antenna radiation direction has a better non-circularity than the single-feed circular polarization antenna.

[0157] In another implementation, the length of the first sub-connector 61 is determined according to the thickness of the dielectric substrate and the radiation plate through which it passes.

[0158] In another implementation of the present application, there are at least two second sub-connectors 62 corresponding to the second radiation sub-unit, and the second sub-connectors 62 are cylindrical feeding needles (such as pin needles) with a diameter ranging from 0.6 mm to 1 mm and a length ranging from 6 mm to 8 mm. For example, the diameters are 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, and the lengths are 6 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.8 mm, 7.5 mm, and 8 mm.

[0159] In one implementation, the second sub-connector 62 has a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 7 mm. In this way, the second radiation plate 121 is connected to the upper feeding network of the circuit substrate 20 through pin pins 3 and 4. Both pin pins 3 and 4 use eccentric feeding. Both pin pins 3 and 4 are cylinders with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 7 mm. The two signals pass through the coupler on the circuit substrate 20 to make their amplitudes equal and the phase difference is 90°, thereby realizing right-hand circular polarization in the L5 frequency band. The dual-feed circular polarization method is also used, and the circular polarization of the antenna radiation direction is better than that of the single-feed circular polarization antenna.

[0160] In another implementation, the length of the second sub-connector 62 is determined according to the thickness of the dielectric substrate and the radiation plate through which it passes.

[0161] In one implementation of the present application, the circuit substrate 20 is a printed circuit board (PCB, also known as a PCB board).

[0162] Further, Figure 7 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a top view of an antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application. As shown in the figure, the overall structure of the antenna is regular and compact. Thus, the entire antenna has a regular cubic structure and is more compact.

[0163] Further, as shown in FIG8 , the bottom view of the antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application, as shown in the figure, the ground plate 30 is located outside the shell 70 and is fixed to the shell 70 by the first connector 40, that is, the circuit substrate 20 and the ground plate 30 are isolated by the shell 70, and the ground plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 are connected only by the second connector 50 through the first through hole 721 of the shell 70, which not only ensures that the ground plate 30 can work normally, but also avoids the problem that the ground plate 30 and the circuit substrate 20 are in large-area contact, which causes the ground plate to interfere with the circuit substrate, thereby making the antenna unable to work normally. In addition, the ground plate 30 and the radiation unit 10 are both connected to the circuit substrate 20, so that the coupling between the ground plate 30 and the radiation unit 10 generates resonance, which improves the performance of the radiation unit 10, and then improves the performance of the antenna such as the beam width and antenna elevation angle, that is, the antenna radiation axis ratio and antenna gain performance within the entire working frequency bandwidth are improved, and multipath interference is effectively suppressed, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the antenna.

[0164] like Fig. 9 The figure shows an overall schematic diagram of the antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application. The antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application is easy to install at any position of the vehicle, and the antenna structure is safe and not easily damaged.

[0165] Next, taking the radiation unit 10 including the first radiation sub-unit 11 and the second radiation sub-unit 12 as an example, the performance of the antenna provided by the implementation of the present application is described in detail.

[0166] See also Fig.10 The antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application has better passive S parameters.

[0167] Line S1.1 in the figure is a performance curve diagram of one of the connectors (such as the aforementioned pin needle 1) in the first sub-connector used to connect the first radiation plate and the circuit substrate. As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis is the operating frequency band and the vertical axis is the return loss ratio. When the operating frequency band is between 1.559GHz (i.e., 1559MHz) and 1.610GHz (i.e., 1610MHz), the return loss ratio (e.g., dB value) of pin needle 1 gradually decreases and then gradually increases, and the return loss ratio represents the reflected wave of the radiation plate, and the smaller the reflection, the better the antenna performance and the better the radiation. Therefore, the first radiation plate has better antenna radiation in the operating frequency band of 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz. Therefore, it has better antenna performance.

[0168] Furthermore, line S2,2 in the figure is a performance curve diagram of another connector (such as the aforementioned pin 2) in the first sub-connector for connecting the first radiation plate and the circuit substrate. As shown in the figure, when the operating frequency band is between 1.559 GHz (i.e., 1559 MHz) and 1.610 GHz (i.e., 1610 MHz), the return loss ratio (e.g., dB value) of pin 2 gradually decreases and then gradually increases, and the return loss ratio represents the reflected wave of the radiation plate, and the smaller the reflection, the better the antenna performance and the better the radiation. Therefore, the first radiation plate has better antenna radiation in the operating frequency band of 1.559 GHz to 1.610 GHz. Therefore, it has better antenna performance.

[0169] Line S3,3 in the figure is a performance curve diagram of one of the connectors (such as the aforementioned pin three) in the second sub-connector for connecting the second radiation plate and the circuit substrate. As shown in the figure, when the operating frequency band is between 1.164GHz (i.e., 1164MHz) and 1.189GHz (i.e., 1189MHz), the return loss ratio (e.g., dB value) of pin three gradually decreases and then gradually increases, and the return loss ratio represents the reflected wave of the radiation plate, and the smaller the reflection, the better the antenna performance and the better the radiation. Therefore, the second radiation plate has better antenna radiation in the operating frequency band of 1.164GHz to 1.189GHz. Therefore, it has better antenna performance.

[0170] Line S4,4 in the figure is a performance curve diagram of another connector (such as the aforementioned pin needle four) in the second sub-connector for connecting the second radiation plate and the circuit substrate. As shown in the figure, when the operating frequency band is between 1.164GHz (i.e., 1164MHz) and 1.189GHz (i.e., 1189MHz), the return loss ratio (e.g., dB value) of pin needle four gradually decreases and then gradually increases, and the return loss ratio represents the reflected wave of the radiation plate, and the smaller the reflection, the better the antenna performance and the better the radiation. Therefore, the second radiation plate has better antenna radiation in the operating frequency band of 1.164GHz to 1.189GHz. Therefore, it has better antenna performance.

[0171] Next, see Fig.11 The antenna including the ground plate provided by the implementation method of the present application has better gain performance.

[0172] like Fig.11 As shown, the horizontal axis is the operating frequency (frequency), the vertical axis is the gain ratio, and the S1 line is the gain performance change line of the first radiator. It can be seen from the figure that the gain (for example, dB value) of the first radiator in the operating frequency band of 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz can reach the highest peak, and the larger the value, the better the gain. Therefore, the first radiator has a better gain in the operating frequency band of 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz.

[0173] like Fig.11 As shown, line S2 is the gain performance variation line of the second radiator. It can be seen from the figure that the gain (e.g., dB value) of the first radiator in the working frequency band of 1.164 GHz to 1.189 GHz can reach a peak value, and the larger the value, the better the gain. Therefore, the gain of the first radiator in the working frequency band of 1.164 GHz to 1.189 GHz is better.

[0174] Next, see Fig.12 The antenna including the ground plate provided by the implementation method of the present application has better axial ratio performance.

[0175] like Fig.12 As shown, the horizontal axis is the working frequency band, the vertical axis is the axial ratio ratio, and the S3 line is the axial ratio performance change line of the first radiator. It can be seen from the figure that the axial ratio value (for example, dB value) of the first radiator in the working frequency band of 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz can reach the lowest peak value, and the smaller the value (that is, the lower the axial ratio), the more the antenna radiation can achieve a perfect circle, that is, the better the circular polarization performance of the antenna. Therefore, the first radiator has better circular polarization performance in the working frequency band of 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz.

[0176] like Fig.12As shown, line S4 is the axial ratio performance variation line of the second radiator. It can be seen from the figure that the axial ratio value (e.g., dB value) of the second radiator in the working frequency band of 1.164 GHz to 1.189 GHz can reach the lowest peak value, and the smaller the value (i.e., the lower the axial ratio), the more the antenna radiation can achieve a perfect circle, i.e., the better the circular polarization performance of the antenna. Therefore, the first radiator has better circular polarization performance in the working frequency band of 1.164 GHz to 1.189 GHz.

[0177] Next, see Fig.13 The antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application has better circular polarization performance.

[0178] like Fig.13 As shown in FIG. 1 , the radiation range of the antenna is biased towards a perfect circle, that is, in the φ (Phi) direction, it is biased towards a perfect circle, and in the θ (Theta) direction, it is biased towards a perfect circle. Therefore, the antenna achieves a smaller phase center error and has better circular polarization performance.

[0179] Next, see Fig.14 The antenna including the ground plate provided by the implementation method of the present application cooperates with the receiver to have better carrier-to-noise ratio performance.

[0180] like Fig.14 As shown, the horizontal axis is the number of points collected, and the vertical axis is the carrier-to-noise ratio. The antenna carrier-to-noise ratio (CNO) provided by the present application fluctuates between 41dB / Hz and 44dB / Hz. Therefore, it achieves a better carrier-to-noise ratio performance of CNO>42dB / Hz in an open scene and CNO>37dB / Hz in an obstructed scene.

[0181] Next, see Fig.15 The antenna provided by the implementation method of this application has better positioning solution performance.

[0182] like Fig.15 As shown, for different types of positioning systems (such as A, B, C1, C2, D) using the antennas provided in the implementation method of the present application, positioning systems of different types and different numbers (PRN) have better carrier-to-noise ratios (that is, the numbers on each bar in the figure) in different operating frequency bands (BAND), different azimuths (AZI), and different elevations (ELE).

[0183] For example, A may specifically be a GPS positioning system, where the download-to-noise ratio is greater than 38 dB / Hz, and most of the time greater than 40 dB / Hz, at different satellite numbers, different operating frequency bands, different azimuth angles, and different elevation angles.

[0184] B may specifically be a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), where the download noise ratio is greater than or equal to 38 dB / Hz at different satellite numbers, different operating frequency bands, different azimuth angles, and different elevation angles.

[0185] C1 and C2 can be specifically the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the download noise ratio is mostly greater than or equal to 38dB / Hz at different satellite numbers, different operating frequency bands, different azimuths, and different elevation angles. Of course, it is not ruled out that the positioning system of some satellite numbers was interfered at that time.

[0186] It should be noted that C1 and C2 are schematic representations of the carrier-to-noise ratios corresponding to different types of Beidou satellite navigation systems located in different small areas within the same large area (for example, the north-south area or the east-west area of ​​a country).

[0187] D can be specifically the Galileo satellite navigation system, where the download noise ratio is mostly greater than or equal to 38dB / Hz at different satellite numbers, different operating frequency bands, different azimuths and different elevation angles. Of course, it is not ruled out that the positioning systems of some satellite numbers were interfered with at that time.

[0188] Fig.15 Only the carrier-to-noise ratio of some types of positioning systems is described in the article, and the carrier-to-noise ratio performance analysis of the Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), GLONASS and NAVIC under different numbers, operating frequency bands, azimuths and elevation angles can also be included.

[0189] In this way, the antenna provided by the present application can broaden the antenna operating frequency bandwidth, and can at least cover the operating frequency bands of 1164Mhz-1189MHz and 1559MHz-610MHz, thereby improving the antenna gain, achieving a smaller phase center error, improving the antenna circular polarization performance, and improving the performance of the antenna at various elevation angles, effectively suppressing multipath interference, and cooperating with the receiver. The entire positioning system achieves a better carrier-to-noise ratio (CNO), with CNO>42dB / Hz in open scenes and CNO>37dB / Hz in blocked scenes.

[0190] Next, taking the example that the radiation unit includes a first radiation sub-unit and a second radiation sub-unit, the design process of the antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application is described in detail.

[0191] When designing the antenna, first, assemble the first radiation plate, the first dielectric substrate, the second radiation plate, the second dielectric substrate with the corresponding first sub-connector and the second sub-connector, and ensure that one end of the first sub-connector is well welded to the first radiation plate, and one end of the second sub-connector is well welded to the second composite plate. Second, connect the other ends of the first sub-connector and the second sub-connector to the circuit substrate by welding, and confirm the standing wave ratio and impedance characteristics through a network analyzer. Third, determine the circular polarization characteristics of the high and low frequencies of the antenna (for example, the first working frequency band is high frequency, and the second working frequency band is low frequency) respectively, so that the phase center of the antenna is close to the collective center of the antenna, and confirm the axial ratio and gain performance of the passive antenna and the active antenna in a darkroom. Fourth, if it is determined that the circular polarization performance, axial ratio performance, and gain performance of the antenna meet the requirements, one end of the second connector is welded to the side of the circuit substrate away from the dielectric substrate, and the shell is assembled so that the upper shell and the lower shell wrap the first radiation plate, the first dielectric substrate, the second radiation plate, the second dielectric substrate, and the circuit substrate, and the second connector passes through the through hole of the lower shell and is welded to the ground plate, and static and dynamic antenna reception performance tests are performed to confirm the antenna's carrier-to-noise ratio performance and positioning solution results. If it is determined that the antenna's carrier-to-noise ratio and positioning solution performance are better than those of the existing antenna, it means that the antenna provided by the implementation method of this application has improved antenna gain and other performance.

[0192] The antenna provided by the implementation method of the present application is actually a miniaturized high-gain GNSS antenna, including a radiation unit, a circuit substrate, a ground plate, and a shell, wherein the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are stacked in the shell along a first direction, and the ground plate is arranged on the side of the shell away from the circuit substrate. In this way, the antenna structure is more compact and the size of the antenna is further reduced. In addition, the radiation unit includes at least one radiation subunit, and the radiation plate included in each radiation subunit is connected to the circuit substrate through a corresponding first connector, so that the antenna can cover the bandwidth of different working frequency bands and have a better coverage range. Furthermore, by setting the ground plate to be connected to the circuit substrate through a second connector, and by adjusting the size of each radiation plate and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, the antenna can simultaneously support different types of positioning systems such as Beidou B1l, B1C, B2a, GPS L1C / A, L5, GLONASSL1C, Galileo E1, E5a, QZSS L1C / A, L5, etc. Furthermore, the ground plate is fixed to the shell by a third connecting part, so that the antenna structure is more stable. The antenna can be integrated into small spaces such as the spoiler, tailgate, and interior of the vehicle without affecting the appearance of the vehicle. It can not only meet the styling requirements of the vehicle but also meet the functional requirements of most vehicle-mounted high-precision positioning systems on the market, and meet the market application requirements of different equipment manufacturers (Original Equipment Manufacturer, OEM for short) and high-precision positioning systems.

[0193] The implementation of the present application also discloses a communication device, which may specifically be a communication module, a communication apparatus, an electronic device, etc., and includes the aforementioned antenna.

[0194] The implementation of the present application also discloses a vehicle, which includes the aforementioned antenna, or includes the aforementioned communication module or communication device.

[0195] It should be noted that, in addition to the implementation methods of the utility model described in the above-mentioned specific specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and functions of the utility model from the contents disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the utility model is introduced in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, this does not mean that the features of this invention are limited to this implementation method. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the invention in conjunction with the implementation method is to cover other options or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the utility model. In order to provide an in-depth understanding of the utility model, the above description contains many specific details, and the utility model can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or blurring the focus of the utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the utility model and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0196] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0197] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0198] The terms “first”, “second”, etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0199] In the description of this embodiment, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this embodiment can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0200] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art may make various changes in form and details, including making several simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: A radiation unit, a circuit substrate, a ground plate, a first connector, a second connector, a third connector and a housing, wherein: The radiation unit and the circuit substrate are located in the housing, the grounding plate is located outside the housing, and the grounding plate is fixedly connected to the housing through the first connecting member, and the radiation unit, the circuit substrate and the grounding plate are sequentially stacked along a first direction; A first through hole is provided on a portion of the housing between the ground plate and the circuit substrate, and the second connecting member passes through the first through hole, with one end connected to the circuit substrate and the other end connected to the ground plate; The radiation unit comprises at least two radiation sub-units, and each of the radiation sub-units is sequentially stacked along the first direction; Each of the radiation subunits comprises a dielectric substrate and a radiation sheet arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate, and between two adjacent radiation subunits, the dielectric substrate of one radiation subunit is arranged adjacent to the radiation sheet of the other radiation subunit; The radiation sheet of each radiation sub-unit is connected to the circuit substrate through the corresponding third connection member.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell form a first space, the radiation unit and the circuit substrate are located in the first space, the second shell portion is located between the circuit substrate and the grounding plate, and is provided with the first through hole, and the size of the grounding plate is less than or equal to the size of the portion of the second shell located between the circuit substrate and the grounding plate.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third connecting member is a hot melt column formed by a hot melt process.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sizes of the radiation sub-units are different, and the sizes of the radiation sub-units increase successively in the direction approaching the circuit substrate. The radiation sub-units are used to radiate radiation signals of different frequency bands.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: Through holes are provided on part of the dielectric substrate and the radiation sheet, and the third connecting member corresponding to each radiation sub-unit passes through the through hole on the dielectric substrate included in each radiation sub-unit, as well as the through hole on the radiation sheet included in the radiation sub-unit and the through hole on the dielectric substrate located between the radiation sub-unit and the circuit substrate, one end of which is connected to the radiation sheet included in the radiation sub-unit, and the other end of which is connected to the circuit substrate.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that A blocking sheet extending toward the center of the dielectric substrate is arranged at the edge of the dielectric substrate on one side close to the radiation sheet. The radiation sheet is arranged on the dielectric substrate and fixed by the blocking sheet.

7. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: A card interface is provided at the edge of the dielectric substrate on one side close to the radiating plate, a card connector is provided on the radiating plate, the radiating plate is connected to the card interface through the card connector so as to be arranged on the dielectric substrate, the card interface is in a "concave" shape, and the card connector is in a "convex" shape.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The radiation unit includes a first radiation subunit and a second radiation subunit, the third connecting member includes a first sub-connecting member and a second sub-connecting member, the first radiation subunit includes a first radiation plate and a first dielectric substrate, the second radiation subunit includes a second radiation plate and a second dielectric substrate, the size of the first radiation plate is smaller than the size of the first dielectric substrate, the size of the first dielectric substrate is smaller than the size of the second radiation plate, and the size of the second radiation plate is smaller than the size of the second dielectric substrate, wherein, The first radiation plate, the first dielectric substrate, the second radiation plate, and the second dielectric substrate are stacked in sequence along the first direction; and The first dielectric substrate is provided with a second through hole, the second radiation plate is provided with a third through hole corresponding to the second through hole, the second dielectric substrate is provided with a fourth through hole corresponding to the third through hole, and a fifth through hole; The first sub-connector passes through the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole, one end of which is connected to the first radiation sheet, and the other end of which is connected to a side of the circuit substrate close to the second dielectric substrate; The second sub-connector passes through the fifth through hole, one end of which is connected to the second radiation sheet, and the other end of which is connected to a side of the circuit substrate close to the second dielectric substrate.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The first radiation plate is used to radiate radiation signals of a first frequency band, and the second radiation plate is used to radiate radiation signals of a second frequency band. The first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, the first frequency band ranges from 1559MHz to 1610MHz, and the second frequency band ranges from 1164MHz to 1189MHz.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: At least two third connecting members are provided, and / or at least four second connecting members are provided.

11. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The third connecting member corresponding to each of the radiation sub-units is connected to the feeding point of the circuit substrate, and one end of the second connecting member is connected to the ground of the circuit substrate; The first sub-connector and the second sub-connector are cylindrical feeding pins with a diameter ranging from 0.6 mm to 1 mm; The length of the ground plate ranges from 60 mm to 80 mm, and the width ranges from 60 mm to 80 mm.

12. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises the antenna according to any one of claims 1-11.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or comprises the communication device according to claim 12.

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