Wire saw cutting device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of caisson wharf dismantling, and discloses a wire saw cutting device. The device comprises a fixed base, a cutting structure and a guide structure. The fixed base comprises a fixed platform, a first supporting assembly and a second supporting assembly, the first supporting assembly and the second supporting assembly are connected to the bottom side of the fixed platform, the fixed platform is arranged on the upper end face of the caisson, and the first supporting assembly and the second supporting assembly are arranged on the two sides of the caisson in the first horizontal direction. The cutting structure comprises a winding mechanism and a cutting rope, the winding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the fixed platform, and the two ends of the cutting rope are connected to the winding mechanism; the guide structure comprises a first pulley assembly arranged on the first supporting assembly and a second pulley assembly arranged on the second supporting assembly, and the cutting rope sequentially abuts against the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in a sliding mode. The cutting rope located between the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly can cut the side wall of the channel and the side wall of the caisson. The device can be repeatedly used and is beneficial to improving the dismantling operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of caisson dock dismantling, in particular to a rope saw cutting device. Background Art

[0002] Caisson wharf is a gravity wharf or pier wharf that uses caisson as the main structure. It has the characteristics of good integrity and small amount of installation work on the water, and is widely used in various wharves. The demolition of caisson wharf requires a silent and pollution-free demolition method to ensure that the situation at the demolition site is controllable.

[0003] The traditional cutting method using a rope saw is that the rope saw cutting platform that provides cutting power is placed on the working mother ship. Divers need to dive underwater, drill holes on the side wall of the caisson, install a pulley block, and then lead the diamond rope through the pulley block, so that the diamond rope loop is set on the outer wall of the caisson to complete the cutting of the caisson. This cutting method requires divers to install a pulley block on the side wall of the caisson to be cut, resulting in a long underwater operation time and low operation efficiency; and each time a caisson is removed, a pulley block needs to be installed, which easily increases the operation cost and is less economical. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide a rope saw cutting device, which can repeatedly cut and dismantle a plurality of caissons, effectively improve the cutting and dismantling efficiency, and has low manufacturing cost and good economy.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] Provided is a rope saw cutting device for dismantling a caisson wharf, wherein the caisson wharf comprises a plurality of caissons, and blocking concrete is poured between two adjacent caissons, wherein a channel extending along a first horizontal direction is opened on the blocking concrete;

[0007] The wire saw cutting device comprises:

[0008] A fixed base, comprising a fixed platform, a first support assembly and a second support assembly, wherein the fixed platform is configured to be placed on the upper end surface of the caisson, and the first support assembly and the second support assembly are both connected to the bottom side of the fixed platform and are arranged on both sides of the caisson along the first horizontal direction;

[0009] The cutting structure comprises a winding mechanism and a cutting rope, wherein the winding mechanism is fixed on the fixed platform, and two ends of the cutting rope are respectively connected to the winding mechanism;

[0010] The guide structure comprises a first pulley assembly and a second pulley assembly, wherein the first pulley assembly is arranged on the first supporting assembly, and the second pulley assembly is arranged on the second supporting assembly, and the cutting rope is slidably abutted against the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in sequence;

[0011] The cutting rope between the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly passes through the channel and can cut the channel side wall and the caisson side wall.

[0012] As an optional solution of the rope saw cutting device, the guide structure further includes a first guide pulley and a second guide pulley arranged at intervals at both ends of the fixed platform along the first horizontal direction, and the rotation axes of the first guide pulley and the second guide pulley both extend along the second horizontal direction;

[0013] The cutting rope between the winding mechanism and the first pulley assembly can be slidably abutted against the first guide pulley; the cutting rope between the winding mechanism and the second pulley assembly can be slidably abutted against the second guide pulley;

[0014] The first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0015] As an optional solution for the rope saw cutting device, the guide structure also includes two third guide pulleys, which are arranged on the winding mechanism at intervals along the first horizontal direction, and the two ends of the cutting rope are respectively slidably abutted against the two third guide pulleys in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0016] As an optional solution of the rope saw cutting device, the first pulley assembly includes a first pulley and a second pulley, and the second pulley assembly includes a third pulley and a fourth pulley;

[0017] The rotation axes of the first pulley and the fourth pulley both extend along the second horizontal direction; the rotation axes of the second pulley and the third pulley both extend along the vertical direction;

[0018] The first horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0019] As an optional solution of the rope saw cutting device, a plurality of the first pulley assemblies are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction on the first supporting assembly, and a plurality of the second pulley assemblies are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction on the second supporting assembly;

[0020] The cutting rope is slidably abutted against any one of the first pulley components and any one of the second pulley components in sequence.

[0021] As an optional solution of the wire saw cutting device, the first support assembly and the second support assembly both include a support rod and a connecting rod, a plurality of the support rods are provided, and the plurality of the support rods are arranged at intervals on the bottom side of the fixed platform along the second horizontal direction, and the connecting rod is connected between two adjacent support rods;

[0022] The first pulley assembly is arranged on a support rod of the first support assembly, and the second pulley assembly is arranged on a support rod of the second support assembly;

[0023] The first horizontal direction is perpendicular to the second horizontal direction.

[0024] As an optional solution for the rope saw cutting device, the support rod includes a first rod and a second rod, the first rod is adjustably arranged on the second rod, one end of the first rod away from the second rod is connected to the fixed platform, and the first pulley assembly or the second pulley assembly is arranged on the second rod.

[0025] As an optional solution for the wire saw cutting device, the first supporting assembly and the second supporting assembly are both connected to the fixed platform via a reinforcement member.

[0026] As an optional solution for the wire saw cutting device, a connecting lug is provided on the fixed platform, and the connecting lug is configured to be connected to an upward hoisting device.

[0027] As an optional solution for the wire saw cutting device, outer surfaces of the first support assembly 33, the second support assembly, the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly are all coated with an anti-rust layer.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0029] The utility model provides a rope saw cutting device for dismantling a caisson wharf. The device comprises a fixed base, a cutting structure and a guide structure. The fixed base comprises a fixed platform and a first support assembly and a second support assembly connected to the bottom side of the fixed platform. The fixed platform is placed on the upper end surface of the caisson. The first support assembly and the second support assembly are arranged on both sides of the caisson along the first horizontal direction. The cutting structure comprises a winding mechanism and a cutting rope. The winding mechanism is fixed on the fixed platform. The two ends of the cutting rope are respectively connected to the winding mechanism. The guide structure comprises a first pulley assembly and a second pulley assembly. The first pulley assembly is arranged on the first support assembly, and the second pulley assembly is arranged on the second support assembly. The cutting rope can be slidably abutted against the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly in turn. The cutting rope located between the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly is passed through the channel. Under the cyclic winding action of the winding mechanism, the cutting rope located between the first pulley assembly and the second pulley assembly can cut the side wall of the channel and the side wall of the caisson. The device is reusable and does not require divers to install pulley blocks on the side walls of the caisson to be removed and cut, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the removal operation. At the same time, the materials used to make the device are simple and easy to obtain, the cost is low, and it has high economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the caisson wharf provided by the specific implementation mode of the utility model, omitting the blocking concrete;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the rope saw cutting device provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model being hoisted to the caisson wharf;

[0032] Figure 3 The overall schematic diagram of the wire saw cutting device provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model is Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 4 The overall schematic diagram of the wire saw cutting device provided by the specific embodiment of the utility model is Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a side view of the rope saw cutting device provided in the specific embodiment of the utility model placed on the caisson;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a top view of a fixed base provided by a specific implementation method of the utility model placed on a caisson.

[0036] In the figure:

[0037] 100, caisson; 200, blocking concrete; 201, passage;

[0038] 1. Fixed base; 11. Fixed platform;

[0039] 12. first support assembly; 121. support rod; 122. connecting rod;

[0040] 13. A second supporting assembly;

[0041] 14. Reinforcement;

[0042] 2. Cutting structure; 21. Winding mechanism; 22. Cutting rope;

[0043] 3. Guiding structure;

[0044] 31. first pulley assembly; 311. first pulley; 312. second pulley;

[0045] 32. second pulley assembly; 321. third pulley; 322. fourth pulley;

[0046] 33. First guide pulley; 34. Second guide pulley; 35. Third guide pulley; 36. Fourth guide pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0050] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., are based on the directions or positions shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplified operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0051] The technical solution of the utility model is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the caisson wharf provided in this embodiment, and the caisson wharf includes a plurality of caissons 100, and a blocking concrete 200 is poured between two adjacent caissons 100, and a channel 201 extending along a first horizontal direction is opened on the blocking concrete 200. When the caisson 100 wharf is to be dismantled, the side wall of the channel 201 needs to be cut along a second horizontal direction first, and then the side wall of the caisson 100 needs to be cut along the second horizontal direction.

[0053] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a rope saw cutting device, including a fixed base 1, a cutting structure 2 and a guide structure 3. The fixed base 1 includes a fixed platform 11, a first support assembly 12 and a second support assembly 13. The fixed platform 11 is configured to be placed on the upper end surface of the caisson 100. The first support assembly 12 and the second support assembly 13 are both connected to the bottom side of the fixed platform 11 and are arranged on both sides of the caisson 100 along the first horizontal direction. The cutting mechanism includes a winding mechanism 21 and a cutting rope 22. The winding mechanism 21 is fixed on the fixed platform 11, and both ends of the cutting rope 22 are respectively connected to the winding mechanism 21. The guide structure 3 includes a first pulley assembly 31 and a second pulley assembly 32. The first pulley assembly 31 is arranged on the first support assembly 12, and the second pulley assembly 32 is arranged on the second support assembly 13. The cutting rope 22 is slidably abutted against the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 in turn. The cutting rope 22 located between the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 is passed through the channel 201. Driven by the winding mechanism 21, the cutting rope 22 located between the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 can cut the side wall of the channel 201 and the side wall of the caisson 100. The device is reusable and does not require divers to install pulley blocks on the side walls of the caisson 100 to be removed and cut, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the removal operation. At the same time, the material for making the device is simple and easy to obtain, the cost is low, and it has high economic efficiency.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fixed platform 11 includes a fixed plate and a plurality of connecting rods 122 connected to the fixed plate; in other embodiments, the fixed platform 11 may also include only the fixed plate.

[0055] Optionally, the fixed platform 11 is provided with a connecting lug (not shown) for connecting with the upward hoisting device so as to lift the device to a desired position and improve the operation efficiency. Specifically in this embodiment, the connecting lug is provided on the fixed plate; or, in other embodiments, the connecting lug may not be provided, and the hoisting rope connected to the upward hoisting device may be directly tied to the fixed platform 11.

[0056] Optionally, a plurality of first pulley assemblies 31 are arranged along the vertical direction on the first support assembly 12, and a plurality of second pulley assemblies 32 are arranged along the vertical direction on the second support assembly 13. The cutting rope 22 can be slidably abutted against any first pulley assembly 31 and any second pulley assembly 32 in turn to facilitate cutting at any position of the side wall of the caisson 100, thereby improving the versatility of the device.

[0057] Alternatively, if Figure 3 As shown, the first support assembly 12 and the second support assembly 13 both include a support rod 121 and a connecting rod 122. There are multiple support rods 121, and the multiple support rods 121 are arranged at intervals along the second horizontal direction on the bottom side of the fixed platform 11, and the connecting rod 122 is connected between two adjacent support rods 121. The first pulley assembly 31 is arranged on the support rod 121 of the first support assembly 12, and the second pulley assembly 32 is arranged on the support rod 121 of the second support assembly 13. The above arrangement can ensure the overall structural stability of the fixed base 1, prevent deformation and damage during the cutting process, and extend the service life of the device; at the same time, the manufacturing materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the cost is low.

[0058] Optionally, a reinforcing member 14 is connected between the first supporting assembly 12 and the second supporting assembly 13 and the fixed platform 11 to further improve the connection strength of the fixed base 1. Specifically in this embodiment, a reinforcing member 14 is connected between each supporting rod 121 and the fixed platform 11.

[0059] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the reinforcement member 14 is a reinforcement rod.

[0060] Furthermore, the support rod 121 includes a first rod and a second rod, the first rod is adjustably arranged on the second rod, one end of the first rod away from the second rod is connected to the fixed platform 11, and the second rod is provided with a first pulley assembly 31 or a second pulley assembly 32. The above arrangement can adjust the position of the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 in the vertical direction by adjusting the connection position of the first rod and the second rod, so as to be applicable to the cutting of the through hole side wall at different positions, and applicable to the cutting of the side wall of the caisson 100 at different positions, and has a stronger versatility.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the support rod 121 also includes a locking piece. The second rod is provided with an adjustment cavity extending in the vertical direction, and the end of the first rod away from the fixed platform 11 can be extended into the adjustment cavity, and the vertical position in the adjustment cavity is adjustable. The first rod is provided with a plurality of first connection holes spaced vertically, and the side wall of the adjustment cavity is provided with a plurality of second connection holes spaced vertically, and the locking piece is inserted into any of the first connection holes and any of the second connection holes. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first rod and the second rod can also be connected by screwing.

[0062] Exemplarily, the locking member is a fixing pin commonly used in the art.

[0063] Exemplarily, the winding mechanism 21 is an existing device disclosed in the prior art, and its main function is to pull the cutting rope 22 so that the cutting rope 22 and the side walls of the channel 201 and the side walls of the caisson 100 generate shear force and friction force. Its specific structure and principle refer to the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cutting rope 22 is a diamond rope, which has the advantages of high strength and high rigidity.

[0065] Optionally, the guide structure 3 includes a first guide pulley 33 and a second guide pulley 34 arranged at intervals at both ends of the fixed platform 11 along the first horizontal direction, and the rotation axes of the first guide pulley 33 and the second guide pulley 34 extend along the second horizontal direction; the cutting rope 22 located between the winding mechanism 21 and the first pulley assembly 31 can be slidably abutted on the first guide pulley 33, and the cutting rope 22 located between the winding mechanism 21 and the second pulley assembly 32 can be slidably abutted on the second guide pulley 34. The projections of the first guide pulley 33, the second guide pulley 34, the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 in the vertical direction are arranged in a rectangular shape. The above arrangement can increase the tension of the cutting rope 22 and ensure that the cutting rope 22 located between the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 can be effectively cut.

[0066] Furthermore, if Figure 3As shown, the guide structure 3 further includes two third guide pulleys 35, which are arranged on the winding mechanism 21 at intervals along the first horizontal direction, and the two ends of the cutting rope 22 are respectively slidably abutted against the two third guide pulleys 35 in a one-to-one correspondence. The above arrangement can make the process of winding the cutting rope 22 on the winding mechanism 21 smoother, and avoid the cutting rope 22 from getting stuck.

[0067] Illustratively, in this embodiment, the rotation axes of the two third guide pulleys 35 extend along the first horizontal direction; in other embodiments, the rotation axes of the third guide pulleys 35 may also extend along any other direction as long as the smoothness of the cutting rope 22 during transmission is ensured.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, a fourth guide pulley 36 is provided between the first guide pulley 33 and the winding mechanism 21, and between the second guide pulley 34 and the winding mechanism 21, and the rotation axis of the fourth guide pulley 36 extends in the vertical direction to further ensure the smoothness of the winding process of the cutting rope 22. In other embodiments, a plurality of fourth guide pulleys 36 may be provided, or no fourth guide pulley 36 may be provided.

[0069] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first pulley assembly 31 includes a first pulley 311 and a second pulley 312, and the second pulley assembly 32 includes a third pulley 321 and a fourth pulley 322. The rotation axes of the first pulley 311 and the fourth pulley 322 extend along the second horizontal direction, and the rotation axes of the second pulley 312 and the third pulley 321 extend along the vertical direction. The first horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other. The above arrangement can further ensure the tension of the cutting rope 22 and ensure the cutting effect.

[0070] Optionally, the outer surfaces of the first support assembly 12, the second support assembly 13, the first pulley assembly 31 and the second pulley assembly 32 are coated with an anti-rust layer to prevent rust on their surfaces and extend the service life of the device.

[0071] Exemplarily, the anti-rust layer is made by coating with anti-corrosion paint such as epoxy anti-corrosion paint or polyurethane anti-corrosion paint.

[0072] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wire saw cutting device for dismantling a caisson wharf, the caisson wharf comprising a plurality of caissons (100), wherein a blocking concrete (200) is poured between two adjacent caissons (100), and a channel (201) extending along a first horizontal direction is opened on the blocking concrete (200); It is characterized in that The wire saw cutting device comprises: A fixed base (1) comprises a fixed platform (11), a first support assembly (12) and a second support assembly (13), wherein the fixed platform (11) is configured to be placed on the upper end surface of the caisson (100), and the first support assembly (12) and the second support assembly (13) are both connected to the bottom side of the fixed platform (11) and are arranged on both sides of the caisson (100) along the first horizontal direction; The cutting structure (2) comprises a reeling mechanism (21) and a cutting rope (22), wherein the reeling mechanism (21) is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform (11), and both ends of the cutting rope (22) are respectively connected to the reeling mechanism (21); The guide structure (3) comprises a first pulley assembly (31) and a second pulley assembly (32), wherein the first pulley assembly (31) is arranged on the first support assembly (12), and the second pulley assembly (32) is arranged on the second support assembly (13), and the cutting rope (22) is slidably abutted against the first pulley assembly (31) and the second pulley assembly (32) in sequence; The cutting rope (22) located between the first pulley assembly (31) and the second pulley assembly (32) passes through the channel (201) and is capable of cutting the side wall of the channel (201) and the side wall of the caisson (100).

2. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide structure (3) further comprises a first guide pulley (33) and a second guide pulley (34) which are arranged at intervals at both ends of the fixed platform (11) along the first horizontal direction, and the rotation axes of the first guide pulley (33) and the second guide pulley (34) both extend along the second horizontal direction; The cutting rope (22) located between the winding mechanism (21) and the first pulley assembly (31) can be slidably abutted against the first guide pulley (33); the cutting rope (22) located between the winding mechanism (21) and the second pulley assembly (32) can be slidably abutted against the second guide pulley (34); The first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction are perpendicular to each other.

3. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide structure (3) further comprises two third guide pulleys (35), the two third guide pulleys (35) being arranged on the winding mechanism (21) at intervals along the first horizontal direction, and the two ends of the cutting rope (22) respectively and one by one slide against the two third guide pulleys (35).

4. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first pulley assembly (31) includes a first pulley (311) and a second pulley (312), and the second pulley assembly (32) includes a third pulley (321) and a fourth pulley (322); The rotation axes of the first pulley (311) and the fourth pulley (322) both extend along the second horizontal direction; the rotation axes of the second pulley (312) and the third pulley (321) both extend along the vertical direction; The first horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other.

5. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the first pulley assemblies (31) are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction on the first support assembly (12), and a plurality of the second pulley assemblies (32) are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction on the second support assembly (13); The cutting rope (22) is slidably abutted against any one of the first pulley assemblies (31) and any one of the second pulley assemblies (32) in sequence.

6. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first support assembly (12) and the second support assembly (13) both comprise a support rod (121) and a connecting rod (122), wherein a plurality of the support rods (121) are provided, and the plurality of the support rods (121) are arranged at intervals on the bottom side of the fixed platform (11) along a second horizontal direction, and the connecting rod (122) is connected between two adjacent support rods (121); The first pulley assembly (31) is arranged on a support rod (121) of the first support assembly (12), and the second pulley assembly (32) is arranged on a support rod (121) of the second support assembly (13); The first horizontal direction is perpendicular to the second horizontal direction.

7. The wire saw cutting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support rod (121) comprises a first rod and a second rod, the first rod is adjustably arranged on the second rod, one end of the first rod away from the second rod is connected to the fixed platform (11), and the first pulley assembly (31) or the second pulley assembly (32) is arranged on the second rod.

8. The wire saw cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first supporting assembly (12) and the second supporting assembly (13) are both connected to the fixed platform (11) via a reinforcing member (14).

9. The wire saw cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The fixed platform (11) is provided with a connecting lifting lug, and the connecting lifting lug is configured to be connected to an upward lifting device.

10. The wire saw cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The outer surfaces of the first support assembly (12), the second support assembly (13), the first pulley assembly (31) and the second pulley assembly (32) are all coated with an anti-rust layer.

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