Light intensity calibration module for unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a light intensity calibration module for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The light intensity calibration module comprises a cosine corrector and a PD acquisition circuit. The PD acquisition circuit comprises a photodiode; and the cosine corrector is arranged on the photodiode. A light intensity calibration module is adopted to calibrate the light intensity of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a cosine corrector is additionally arranged on a photodiode in the light intensity calibration module to ensure that the unmanned aerial vehicle can always obtain consistent and accurate light intensity data no matter how the angle of the unmanned aerial vehicle relative to a light source changes, so that the data quality is improved; moreover, the light intensity calibration module also supports the rapid and stable transmission of the data through a signal conversion circuit by using a universal interface, such as a Type-C interface, so that the data transmission requirements of various application scenes are better met. Furthermore, the light intensity calibration module can be realized in a chip integration form, so that the complexity of the system is greatly reduced, external interfaces and connections are reduced, and meanwhile, the light intensity calibration module is more convenient to install and maintain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, in particular to a light intensity calibration module for unmanned aerial vehicles and an unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of drone remote sensing, traditional light intensity measurement methods usually rely on the intensity of light reflected from a whiteboard, which has some significant drawbacks. If a whiteboard is installed on a drone, ensuring that it remains stable and aligned with the light source during flight may be a complex task that requires additional mechanical design and adjustment; if a whiteboard is set on the ground, it is easily affected by the weather, clouds and other environmental factors. In addition, existing whiteboard reflected light intensity measurement systems may not be able to provide real-time data transmission, or the transmission rate is limited, which is a limitation in applications that require real-time monitoring and rapid response. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a light intensity calibration module for a UAV and a UAV, wherein the light intensity calibration module is light and compact and can provide a light intensity calibration function in real time.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] A light intensity calibration module for an unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a cosine corrector and a PD acquisition circuit; the PD acquisition circuit comprises a photodiode; and the cosine corrector is arranged on the photodiode.

[0006] Optionally, the PD acquisition circuit also includes an operational amplifier circuit; and the photodiode is connected to the operational amplifier circuit.

[0007] Optionally, a microcontroller is also included; the microcontroller is connected to the operational amplifier circuit.

[0008] Optionally, a signal conversion circuit is also included; the signal conversion circuit is connected to the microcontroller.

[0009] Optionally, the signal conversion circuit is a USB to serial port chip.

[0010] Optionally, a Type-C interface is also included; the Type-C interface is connected to the signal conversion circuit.

[0011] Optionally, the cosine corrector, PD acquisition circuit, operational amplifier circuit, microcontroller and signal conversion circuit are integrated into a circuit board.

[0012] Optionally, a shell is further included; all components of the circuit board except the cosine corrector are arranged inside the shell, and the cosine corrector is arranged outside the shell.

[0013] Optionally, the operational amplifier circuit includes an amplifier U1A, an RC network, a filtering unit and an amplifier protection unit; the cathode of the photodiode is connected to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U1A; the RC network is connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A; the positive input terminal and the cathode of the amplifier U1A are respectively connected to the amplifier protection unit; the anode of the amplifier U1A is connected to the power supply via the filtering unit; and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A is connected to the microcontroller.

[0014] Optionally, the operational amplifier circuit also includes a voltage follower U1B and a resistor R12; the non-phase input terminal of the voltage follower U1B is grounded via the R12; the output terminal of the amplifier U1A is connected to the reverse input terminal of the voltage follower U1B; the reverse input terminal of the voltage follower U1B is connected to its output terminal, and the output terminal is further connected to the microcontroller.

[0015] The second technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0016] A drone comprises the above-mentioned drone light intensity calibration module.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the light intensity calibration module for drones provided by the present invention adopts the light intensity calibration module to calibrate the light intensity for drones, and adds a cosine corrector to the photodiode in the light intensity calibration module to ensure that the drone can always obtain consistent and accurate light intensity data regardless of how its angle relative to the light source changes, thereby improving data quality; and the cosine corrector of the present invention can be directly integrated on the photodiode without the need for additional optical components and adjustment steps, so that the system as a whole has the characteristics of being light and compact; furthermore, the light intensity calibration module of this embodiment also supports fast and stable transmission of data through a universal interface, such as a Type-C interface, through a signal conversion circuit, so as to better meet the data transmission requirements of various application scenarios; further, the light intensity calibration module can be implemented in the form of chip integration, thereby greatly reducing system complexity, reducing external interfaces and connections, and also making installation and maintenance more convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2This is a structural schematic diagram of a PD acquisition circuit in a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit module structure of a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a PD acquisition circuit in a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a microcontroller in a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a USB-to-serial port chip in a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a light intensity calibration module for a drone provided by the utility model.

[0025] Description of labels:

[0026] 1. Cosine corrector; 2. PD acquisition circuit; 3. Microcontroller; 4. Signal conversion circuit;

[0027] 5. Type-C interface; 6. Housing; 7. Through hole; 8. Circuit board;

[0028] 21. Photodiode; 22. Operational amplifier circuit;

[0029] 22-1, RC network; 22-2, filter circuit; 22-3, amplifier protection unit;

[0030] 22-4 Impedance amplification unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is an explanation in conjunction with the implementation modes and the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 , Embodiment 1 of the present utility model is:

[0033] This embodiment provides a light intensity calibration module for a drone, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a cosine corrector 1 and a PD acquisition circuit 2; the PD acquisition circuit 2 includes a photodiode 21; and the cosine corrector 1 is arranged on the photodiode 21.

[0034] The cosine corrector added in this embodiment has a special optical design that enables sunlight to pass through the cosine corrector and then illuminate the photodiode, thereby ensuring that the measurement result is consistent with the light intensity when the light source is perpendicular to the measurement surface.

[0035] Different from the existing method of setting a whiteboard to achieve light intensity compensation, this embodiment sets a cosine corrector on the photodiode of the light intensity calibration module. On the one hand, it will ensure that during the flight of the drone, no matter how its angle relative to the light source changes, it can obtain consistent and accurate light intensity data through the light intensity calibration module, that is, collect the reference spectrum in real time, thereby improving the overall quality of the data; on the other hand, it can also enable the drone to achieve lighter and more flexible light intensity measurement and data collection without sacrificing performance.

[0036] Different from the existing cosine corrector configuration which is relatively complex, increases the volume and weight of the system, and is difficult to assemble and maintain, the cosine corrector in the light intensity calibration module provided in this embodiment is configured by directly integrating it on the photodiode, which can greatly simplify the optical design of the system, reduce additional optical components and adjustment steps, and make the overall system more compact and easy to integrate.

[0037] In some specific implementations of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the PD acquisition circuit 2 also includes an operational amplifier circuit 22 ; the photodiode 21 is connected to the operational amplifier circuit 22 .

[0038] The photodiode is used to collect light signals (such as sunlight), generate current signals, and then convert them into voltage signals;

[0039] The operational amplifier circuit is used to amplify and filter the voltage signal output by the photodiode to ensure the integrity of signal transmission and reduce distortion.

[0040] In some other specific implementations of this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the light intensity calibration module also includes a microcontroller 3; the microcontroller 3 is connected to the PD acquisition circuit 2, specifically to the operational amplifier circuit ( Figure 3 not shown) connection.

[0041] The microcontroller is responsible for collecting and processing the signal output by the PD collection circuit.

[0042] The working principle of the light intensity calibration module is as follows: the photodiode (PD) is the core sensor of the PD acquisition circuit. According to the photoelectric effect, photons excite electron-hole pairs to generate a current proportional to the light intensity; the PD acquisition circuit converts the current signal into a voltage signal and amplifies it; the amplified signal is sent to the microcontroller; the microcontroller further processes the signal, including filtering, calibration, data conversion, etc., to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data; the data processed by the microcontroller is finally converted into a format suitable for transmission such as a USB signal through a signal conversion circuit.

[0043] As a possible specific example, Figure 4 As shown, the operational amplifier circuit in the PD acquisition circuit includes an amplifier U1A, an RC network 22-1, a filtering unit 22-2, an amplifier protection unit 22-3 and an impedance amplification unit 22-4; the cathode of the photodiode is connected to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U1A; the RC network 22-1 is connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A; the positive input terminal and the cathode of the amplifier U1A are respectively connected to the amplifier protection unit 22-3; the anode of the amplifier U1A is connected to the power supply via the filtering unit 22-1; and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A is connected to the microcontroller.

[0044] Optionally, the RC network includes a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1 connected in parallel for frequency compensation.

[0045] Optionally, the filtering unit includes a resistor R14, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3, which are used to provide a wide-band filtering effect, and help reduce power supply noise, especially power supply noise in a high frequency range.

[0046] Optionally, the amplifier protection unit includes R10 and R11, which are used to protect the amplifier U1A from input signal overload or short circuit to stabilize gain, reduce distortion and improve linearity.

[0047] The working principle of the operational amplifier circuit is as follows: the light signal (such as sunlight) shines on the photodiode to generate a current signal, which is converted into a voltage signal through the built-in converter and then input into the inverting input of the amplifier U1A; the amplifier U1A compares the voltage difference between the positive input and the inverting input, and generates the amplified output signal PD_1I according to the difference. The 22pF capacitor C1 and the 100kΩ resistor R1 are connected in parallel to form a simple RC network for frequency compensation; the RC network helps ensure that the amplifier U1A maintains stability at high frequencies and avoids oscillation; at the same time, the capacitor is equivalent to a short circuit at high frequencies, while the resistor limits the gain of the high-frequency signal, thereby preventing the amplifier from self-oscillating at high frequencies. At the same time, a 10Ω resistor R14 is connected in series to the positive pole of the amplifier U1A, and a 100nF capacitor C2 and a 10uF capacitor C3 are connected in parallel to form a filter unit. The capacitors C2 and C3 are used in parallel to provide a wide-band filtering effect, which helps to reduce power supply noise, especially in the high-frequency range; capacitor C2 is responsible for processing higher-frequency noise, while capacitor C3 is responsible for lower-frequency noise; the series resistor R14 helps to reduce the output impedance of the amplifier U1A, helps to match the load, reduce signal reflection, and improve the efficiency of signal transmission. A 20kΩ resistor R10 is connected in series to the negative pole of the amplifier U1A, and a 1kΩ resistor R11 is connected in parallel to form an amplifier protection unit to protect the amplifier from input signal overload or short circuit. The series resistor can limit the current flowing into the amplifier, while the parallel resistor helps to disperse the excessive voltage, thereby stabilizing the gain, reducing distortion and improving linearity.

[0048] As another feasible specific example, Figure 4 As shown, the operational amplifier circuit also includes a voltage follower U1B and a resistor R12; the non-phase input terminal of the voltage follower U1B is grounded via the resistor R12; the output terminal of the amplifier U1A is connected to the reverse input terminal of the voltage follower U1B; the reverse input terminal of the voltage follower U1B is connected to its output terminal, and the output terminal is further connected to the microcontroller.

[0049] Here, the voltage follower U1B acts as a buffer between the signal source and the load, which can effectively prevent the output impedance of the signal source from affecting the load, or prevent the load from affecting the signal source. The resistor R12 increases the input impedance to ensure the integrity of signal transmission and reduce signal loss.

[0050] As another feasible specific example, Figure 5 As shown, the microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer, whose pin VDDA is grounded through capacitor C5; pin NRST is grounded through capacitor C4; and pin VDD is grounded through capacitor C6. The capacitors C5, C4, and C6 all play the role of filtering and rectification.

[0051] Optionally, the BOOTO pin of the microcontroller is connected to a 10k resistor R2 to provide a default startup mode for the microcontroller while having certain protection and debugging convenience.

[0052] Optionally, the PA5 pin of the single chip is grounded via capacitor C7 and connected to the output end of the PD acquisition circuit via resistor R5. Resistor R5 and capacitor C7 form a digital filter circuit to filter out clutter in the signal amplified by the PD acquisition circuit.

[0053] In some other specific implementations of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the light intensity calibration module further includes a signal conversion circuit 4, and the signal conversion circuit 4 is connected to the microcontroller 3 to realize data signal format conversion.

[0054] Preferably, the signal conversion circuit is a USB to serial port chip, such as a CH340 chip, so as to realize USB communication of the output data of the light intensity calibration module. The USB to serial port chip is a USB to serial interface chip that can convert the digital signal of the microcontroller into a USB signal for transmission through the interface. As a specific example, Figure 6 As shown, the VCC pin in the USB-to-serial port chip is connected to capacitors C8 and C9 in parallel to achieve filtering. Meanwhile, the pin V3 is also connected to capacitor C10 to achieve filtering and rectification. The MCU-TX and MCU-RX are connected by the output port of the single-chip microcomputer (microcontroller) and the communication port of the host computer (microcontroller).

[0055] In some other specific implementations of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the light intensity calibration module also includes a Type-C interface 5; the Type-C interface 5 is connected to the signal conversion circuit 4. As a USB interface appearance standard, the Type-C interface has a smaller size and wider compatibility than Type-C and Type-A, providing a universal and high-speed data transmission method for the light intensity calibration module; more importantly, the Type-C interface can also enable the light intensity calibration module to transmit hyperspectral data to the data processing system in a faster, more stable and real-time manner for real-time monitoring and analysis; in addition, due to the versatility of the Type-C interface, the light intensity calibration module can be widely used in various application scenarios that require hyperspectral data collection and real-time transmission, such as environmental monitoring, agricultural monitoring, medical imaging, etc., thereby improving application flexibility.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 7 , Embodiment 2 of the present utility model is:

[0057] Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment provides a light intensity calibration module for a drone, which can further simplify system integration.

[0058] The light intensity calibration module for drones provided in this embodiment integrates the cosine corrector, PD acquisition circuit, operational amplifier circuit, microcontroller, signal conversion circuit and Type-C interface into one circuit board, thereby reducing system complexity, reducing external interfaces and connection requirements, and facilitating installation and maintenance.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, the light intensity calibration module further includes a housing 6; all components of the circuit board 8 except the cosine corrector 1 are arranged inside the housing 6, and the cosine corrector 1 is arranged outside the housing 6. The exposed design of the cosine corrector 1 is not only convenient for calibration and maintenance, but also convenient for angle adjustment and cleaning, ensuring that its performance is not affected by the environment.

[0060] In particular, a through hole 7 is provided on the housing 1 at a position corresponding to the Type-C interface 5 to provide a function for an external device to connect to the Type-C interface. Here, the Type-C interface is also integrated on the circuit board and arranged inside the housing, which can protect the interface and minimize the impact of environmental factors, such as accidental entry of debris, getting wet, etc.

[0061] The light intensity calibration module for drones provided in this embodiment is highly integrated and optimized, and minimizes the occupied space while adapting to the drone fuselage structure and without affecting the drone's flight performance, which can significantly improve the compactness and reliability of the overall system.

[0062] Embodiment 3 of the present utility model is:

[0063] This embodiment provides a drone based on the first or second embodiment, which includes the drone light intensity calibration module described in the first or second embodiment. The specific structure of the drone light intensity calibration module is not repeated here, please refer to the description of the first or second embodiment for details.

[0064] The drone provided in this embodiment can not only ensure that the drone can always obtain consistent and accurate light intensity data regardless of how its angle relative to the light source changes, thereby improving data quality; but also enhance the data transmission capability and improve the flexibility of application; further, it can also simplify system integration, and the system as a whole has the characteristics of being light and compact.

[0065] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in the relevant technical field, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light intensity calibration module for drones, characterized in that: It includes a cosine corrector and a PD collection circuit; the PD collection circuit includes a photodiode; and the cosine corrector is arranged on the photodiode.

2. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The PD acquisition circuit also includes an operational amplifier circuit; the photodiode is connected to the operational amplifier circuit.

3. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a microcontroller; the microcontroller is connected to the operational amplifier circuit.

4. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a signal conversion circuit; the signal conversion circuit is connected to the microcontroller.

5. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The signal conversion circuit is a USB to serial port chip.

6. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a Type-C interface; the Type-C interface is connected to the signal conversion circuit.

7. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The cosine corrector, PD acquisition circuit, operational amplifier circuit, microcontroller and signal conversion circuit are integrated in a circuit board.

8. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a shell; all components of the circuit board except the cosine corrector are arranged inside the shell, and the cosine corrector is arranged outside the shell.

9. The light intensity calibration module for a drone as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The operational amplifier circuit includes an amplifier U1A, an RC network, a filtering unit and an amplifier protection unit; the cathode of the photodiode is connected to the inverting input terminal of the amplifier U1A; the RC network is connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A; the positive input terminal and the cathode of the amplifier U1A are respectively connected to the amplifier protection unit; the anode of the amplifier U1A is connected to the power supply via the filtering unit; and the output terminal of the amplifier U1A is connected to the microcontroller.

10. A drone, characterized in that: It includes the light intensity calibration module for drones as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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