Electro-hydraulic beam processing device convenient for electrode positioning

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electro-hydraulic beam processing device convenient for electrode positioning, which comprises a spray head, an electrode mounting hole is arranged at a bottom plate of the spray head, and a laser penetrating hole is arranged at a top plate of the spray head; the electrode is coaxially mounted in the electrode mounting hole and is used for allowing the cathodic electrolyte to circulate and ejecting the cathodic electrolyte downwards to form an electro-liquid beam; the laser emitting device is arranged above the laser penetrating hole; the ball head support is provided with an annular ball head seat and a spherical head, a through hole is formed in the spherical head, and the through hole comprises an electrode positioning hole, a transition hole and a laser through hole which are formed in a penetrating mode from top to bottom; and a plurality of supporting legs are arranged at the bottom of the annular ball cup. The device solves the problems that the machining precision is difficult to guarantee and the working efficiency is influenced when deviation rectification and distance measurement of an electro-hydraulic beam machining electrode are carried out by adopting a mechanical measurement or manual adjustment mode in the prior art.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrochemical machining, and in particular relates to an electro-liquid beam machining device which is convenient for electrode positioning. [Background technology]

[0002] During electro-hydraulic beam machining, the metal workpiece acts as the anode and the tubular electrode acts as the cathode. A DC voltage is applied between the cathode and the anode, and the electrolyte is ejected onto the workpiece surface under controlled pressure to achieve small hole machining. It is widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical and other fields. Electro-hydraulic beam machining has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency and good accessibility, making it very suitable for deep small hole machining. It is one of the main means of machining film holes for aircraft engine turbine blades, and is of great significance for extending the life and improving the performance of aircraft engines.

[0003] In actual processing, ensuring the positioning and installation accuracy of the tubular electrode is one of the keys to ensuring the accuracy of electro-hydraulic beam machining. Electrodes for electro-hydraulic beam machining are mostly slender, thin-walled tubular parts. It is difficult to keep the electrode length consistent between different batches. Each replacement of the electrode requires manual installation and measurement, which makes it difficult to ensure the coaxiality between the tubular electrode and the nozzle, affecting the machining efficiency and the machining quality of the parts. At the same time, during the electro-hydraulic beam machining process, the initial machining gap is an important factor affecting the accuracy of electro-hydraulic beam machining. If the initial gap is too large, a larger flare will be formed at the entrance of the small hole; if the gap is too small, the tubular electrode will be damaged due to the obstruction of the electrolyte injection. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately realize the installation correction of the electro-hydraulic beam machining electrode and measure the initial machining gap is an urgent problem to be solved to improve the accuracy and efficiency of electro-hydraulic beam machining.

[0004] In the past, traditional methods used to correct the deviation and measure the distance of the electro-hydraulic beam machining electrode included mechanical measurement and manual adjustment. These methods have obvious problems in efficiency and quality. First, mechanical measurement usually requires repeated operations, which takes a lot of time; manual adjustment depends on the skills and experience of the operator, and it is difficult to ensure accuracy during the adjustment process, which further reduces work efficiency. Secondly, in terms of quality, mechanical measurement may cause inaccurate installation position of the electrode due to measurement errors, thus affecting the processing quality; manual adjustment is easily affected by human factors, such as fatigue, operating errors, etc., which may also cause fluctuations in processing quality. [Contents of the utility model]

[0005] The utility model aims to provide an electro-hydraulic beam machining device which is convenient for electrode positioning, so as to solve the problem that the existing electro-hydraulic beam machining electrode correction and distance measurement by mechanical measurement or manual adjustment are difficult to ensure machining accuracy and affect work efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: an electro-hydraulic beam processing device that is convenient for electrode positioning, comprising:

[0007] A nozzle, which is a hollow cylinder, has an electrode mounting hole at the bottom plate of the nozzle, and a laser passing hole at the top plate of the nozzle, and the electrode mounting hole and the laser passing hole are coaxially arranged;

[0008] An electrode, coaxially mounted in the electrode mounting hole, for allowing cathode-polarized electrolyte to flow and eject downward to form an electrolyte beam;

[0009] a laser emitting device, disposed above the hole through which the laser passes;

[0010] A ball head bracket, as shown in the figure, has an annular ball head seat and a spherical head, a through hole is provided in the spherical head, and the through hole includes an electrode positioning hole, a transition hole and a laser through hole which are arranged from top to bottom; the diameter of the electrode positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the transition hole, the diameter of the electrode is larger than the diameter of the transition hole, and the diameter of the electrode is smaller than the diameter of the electrode positioning hole; a plurality of legs are provided at the bottom of the annular ball head seat;

[0011] Among them, the laser emitting device is used to emit laser through the laser penetration hole, electrode mounting hole, electrode positioning hole and laser through hole to serve as a reference standard for the coaxial position of the electrode; the ball head bracket is used to support the bottom end of the electrode and fine-tune the position of the electrode.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a laser receiving device, which together with the laser emitting device constitutes a laser displacement sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the length of the legs of the ball head bracket is adjustable, and a suction cup or a magnetic patch is provided at the bottom of each leg.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model sets a laser displacement sensor and, based on the laser collimation principle, detects and adjusts the collimation state of the laser beam in real time, thereby achieving accurate correction of the electrode installation angle and position, thereby improving the processing accuracy; in addition, the utility model transmits laser through the laser displacement sensor to accurately locate the position of the starting processing hole, receives the reflected laser through the laser displacement sensor, and uses the laser ranging principle to obtain the initial processing gap between the electrode and the surface to be processed, thereby ensuring that the electro-hydraulic beam processing electrode is processed in the correct position, avoiding processing quality problems caused by distance errors, and does not require manual intervention, thereby improving work efficiency.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electro-hydraulic beam processing device for facilitating electrode positioning of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ball head bracket of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the operation of an electrode positioning method of an electro-hydraulic beam machining device.

[0018] Among them, 1. laser displacement sensor, 101. laser emitting device, 102. laser receiving device;

[0019] 2. Nozzle, 201. Electrode mounting hole, 202. Laser penetration hole;

[0020] 3. Electrode;

[0021] 4. Ball head bracket, 401. Electrode positioning hole, 402. Laser through hole, 403. Ring ball head seat, 404. Spherical head, 405. Leg, 406. Transition hole;

[0022] 5. Workpiece to be processed. [Specific implementation method]

[0023] The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0024] The utility model provides an electro-hydraulic beam processing device which is convenient for electrode positioning. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0025] A nozzle 2, which is a hollow cylinder, has an electrode mounting hole 201 at the bottom plate of the nozzle 2, and a laser passing hole 202 at the top plate of the nozzle 2, and the electrode mounting hole 201 and the laser passing hole 202 are coaxially arranged;

[0026] An electrode 3, coaxially mounted in the electrode mounting hole 201, for allowing cathode-polarized electrolyte to flow and eject downward to form an electrolyte beam;

[0027] A laser emitting device 101 is disposed above the laser passing hole 202;

[0028] A ball head bracket 4, such as Figure 2 As shown, it has an annular ball head seat 403 and a spherical head 404, a through hole is provided in the spherical head 404, and the through hole includes an electrode positioning hole 401, a transition hole 403 and a laser through hole 402 which are arranged from top to bottom; the diameter of the electrode positioning hole 401 is larger than the diameter of the transition hole 403, the diameter of the electrode 3 is larger than the diameter of the transition hole 403, and the diameter of the electrode 3 is smaller than the diameter of the electrode positioning hole 401; a plurality of legs 405 are provided at the bottom of the annular ball head seat 403;

[0029] Among them, the laser emitting device 101 is used to emit laser through the laser passing hole 202, the electrode mounting hole 201, the electrode positioning hole 401 and the laser through hole 402, so as to serve as a reference standard for the coaxial position of the electrode 3; the ball head bracket 4 is used to support the bottom end of the electrode 3 and fine-tune the position of the electrode 3 by rotating the spherical head 404 in the ball head seat 403.

[0030] In some embodiments, a laser receiving device 102 is also included, which together with the laser emitting device 101 constitutes the laser displacement sensor 1.

[0031] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the length of the legs 405 of the ball head bracket 4 is adjustable, and a suction cup or a magnetic patch is provided at the bottom of each leg 405 to ensure that the ball head bracket 4 can be stably fixed on various surfaces during use, and the length of the legs 405 can be adjusted to adapt to different initial processing gap requirements.

[0032] The utility model provides an electrode positioning method for an electro-hydraulic beam machining device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the electro-hydraulic beam processing device based on facilitating electrode positioning includes the following steps:

[0033] S1, fix the nozzle 2 on the main shaft of the machine tool, and fix the workpiece 5 to be processed under the nozzle 2;

[0034] Turn on the laser emitting device 101, adjust the aperture of the laser emitting device 101 so that the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than the diameter of the electrode mounting hole 201; adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor 1 so that the laser beam passes through the electrode mounting hole 201, and fix the position of the laser displacement sensor 1 when a complete circular spot is projected on the surface 5 of the part to be processed;

[0035] The specific process of adjusting the aperture of the laser emitting device 101 is as follows:

[0036] Adjust the aperture size of the laser emitting device 101 so that the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than the diameter of the electrode mounting hole 201. For example, if the diameter of the electrode mounting hole 201 is 1 mm, adjust the diameter of the laser beam to 0.8 mm or less. Use a positioning device (such as a fine-tuning frame or a three-dimensional positioning platform) to move the laser displacement sensor 1. Slowly move the laser displacement sensor 1 until the laser beam can pass through the electrode mounting hole 201 and project a circular spot on the surface of the workpiece 5 to be processed.

[0037] When observing the integrity of the circular light spot with the naked eye, there may be a certain judgment error, but this error is usually acceptable in the later stage of precise adjustment. In order to reduce the error, a magnifying glass or microscope can be used for auxiliary observation. If the circular light spot shows a clear edge around the electrode mounting hole 201 and there is no obvious truncation or deformation, then the light spot can be considered to be complete. Once the complete circular light spot is observed, fix the position of the laser displacement sensor 1 to ensure that no displacement occurs during subsequent processing.

[0038] S2, place the ball head bracket 4 at the circular light spot, adjust the aperture of the laser emitting device 101, so that the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than the diameter of the electrode positioning hole 401; adjust the position of the ball head bracket 4, so that the laser beam passes through the electrode positioning hole 401 and is emitted from the laser through hole 402, and when a complete circular light spot is formed on the surface 5 of the workpiece to be processed, fix the ball head bracket 4;

[0039] The length of the legs 405 of the ball head bracket 4 can be adjusted in advance according to the requirements of the initial processing gap.

[0040] S3, placing the lower end of the electrode 3 in the electrode positioning hole 401, and then lowering the nozzle 2 along the laser emission direction to insert the upper end of the electrode 3 into the electrode mounting hole 201 of the nozzle 2;

[0041] S4, using the ball head bracket 4 as a rotation fixing point, the electrode 3 is rotated and adjusted in a small range, and when the laser beam presents a complete circular spot on the surface 5 of the workpiece to be processed, the position of the electrode 3 relative to the nozzle 2 is fixed. At this time, the electrode 3 is coaxial with the electrode mounting hole 201, and the electrode 3 can be glued and fixed by filling the gap of the electrode mounting hole 201 with epoxy resin.

[0042] The utility model discloses a method for calculating the initial machining gap of an electrode of an electro-hydraulic beam machining device, based on an electro-hydraulic beam machining device that is convenient for electrode positioning, such as Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0043] The ball head bracket 4 is adjusted horizontally to direct the laser beam through the electrode 3 to the step surface formed at the connection between the electrode positioning hole 401 and the laser through hole 402. The reflected laser on the step surface is received by the laser receiving device 102, and the displacement data Z1 is measured; Z1 represents the distance from the laser emission point to the step surface forming the reflection.

[0044] Remove the ball head bracket 4, so that the laser beam passes through the electrode 3 and is emitted to the first hole to be processed on the surface of the workpiece 5 to be processed, and the reflected laser on the surface of the workpiece 5 to be processed is received by the laser receiving device 102, and the displacement data Z2 is measured, where Z2 represents the distance from the laser emission point to the workpiece 5 to be processed where the reflection is formed.

[0045] The distance Z between the bottom end surface of the electrode 3 and the position of the first hole to be processed in the workpiece 5 to be processed is Z=Z2-Z1, where Z is the initial processing gap between the electrode and the surface to be processed. If the measured initial processing gap does not meet the preset value, the initial processing gap can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the nozzle 2.

[0046] In some embodiments, before measuring the displacement data Z1 , the electrode 3 and the nozzle 2 are raised together along the laser emission direction by a distance D1 to prevent the electrode 3 from blocking the reflected laser from being transmitted back to the laser receiving device 102 .

[0047] After measuring the displacement data Z2, the electrode 3 and the nozzle 2 are lowered together by a distance D1 along the laser emission direction.

[0048] The utility model can realize accurate deviation correction of electrode installation angle and position by setting a laser displacement sensor and detecting and adjusting the laser beam's collimation state in real time according to the laser collimation principle, thereby improving processing accuracy; by ensuring the stability and consistency of the laser beam, the stability of the electrode state in electro-hydraulic beam processing is improved. This helps to reduce errors and deformations during processing and improve processing quality. At the same time, it can realize fast and accurate deviation correction of the electrode, thereby shortening the installation time, and it can also reduce the skill requirements for operators and reduce labor costs.

[0049] In addition, the utility model uses a laser displacement sensor to emit laser to accurately locate the position of the starting processing hole, and uses the laser displacement sensor to receive the reflected laser, and uses the laser ranging principle to obtain the initial processing gap between the electrode and the surface to be processed, thereby ensuring that the electro-hydraulic beam processing electrode is processed in the correct position, avoiding processing quality problems caused by distance errors, and requiring no human intervention, which greatly simplifies the operation process, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves work efficiency.

[0050] In summary, due to the rapidity and precision of laser technology, the correction and distance measurement process is faster and more accurate. This not only reduces the operation time, but also reduces the error rate, thereby improving the overall work efficiency.

Claims

1. An electro-hydraulic beam machining device for facilitating electrode positioning, characterized in that: include: A nozzle (2) which is a hollow cylinder, wherein the bottom plate of the nozzle (2) is provided with an electrode mounting hole (201), and the top plate of the nozzle (2) is provided with a laser passing hole (202), wherein the electrode mounting hole (201) and the laser passing hole (202) are coaxially arranged; an electrode (3) coaxially mounted in the electrode mounting hole (201) and used for allowing cathode-polarized electrolyte to flow and to be ejected downward to form an electrolyte beam; a laser emitting device (101), arranged above the laser passing hole (202); A ball head bracket (4) comprises an annular ball head seat (403) and a spherical head (404); a through hole is provided in the spherical head (404); the through hole comprises an electrode positioning hole (401), a transition hole (406) and a laser through hole (402) which are arranged from top to bottom; the diameter of the electrode positioning hole (401) is larger than the diameter of the transition hole (406); the diameter of the electrode (3) is larger than the diameter of the transition hole (406); and the diameter of the electrode (3) is smaller than the diameter of the electrode positioning hole (401); a plurality of legs (405) are provided at the bottom of the annular ball head seat (403); The laser emitting device (101) is used to emit laser light through the laser penetration hole (202), the electrode mounting hole (201), the electrode positioning hole (401) and the laser through hole (402) to serve as a reference standard for the coaxial position of the electrode (3); and the ball head bracket (4) is used to support the bottom end of the electrode (3) and to fine-tune the position of the electrode (3).

2. The electro-hydraulic beam machining device for facilitating electrode positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a laser receiving device (102), which together with the laser emitting device (101) forms a laser displacement sensor (1).

3. The electro-hydraulic beam machining device for facilitating electrode positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the legs (405) of the ball head bracket (4) is adjustable, and a suction cup or a magnetic patch is provided at the bottom of each leg (405).

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