Water-jet guided laser coupling device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a water-guided laser coupling device which comprises a laser source (1) and a coupling cavity (2), the laser source (1) is configured to generate laser (10) extending along a preset direction (x), and the coupling cavity (2) comprises an optical window mirror (21) arranged on a propagation path of the laser (10) for the laser (10) to pass through; the high-pressure water cavity (22) is formed in the side, away from the laser source (1), of the optical window mirror (21) in the preset direction (x), and the high-pressure water cavity (22) is configured to form a water jet (220) extending in the preset direction (x); the shielding gas generating mechanism (23) is arranged on the side, away from the laser source (1), of the high-pressure water cavity (22) in the preset direction (x) and is configured to generate layered spiral gas flow (230), the layered spiral gas flow (230) comprises first spiral gas flow (231) and second spiral gas flow (232), and the first spiral gas flow (231) is located on the radial inner side of the second spiral gas flow (232).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of fuel nozzle design, and in particular to a water-guided laser coupling device. Background Art

[0002] SYNOVA was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1993, focusing on the research and development and industrialization of water-guided lasers. Through systematic research on the phenomenon of laser propagation in water beams, the superiority of water-guided laser cutting technology in the field of processing has aroused the research interest of domestic and foreign scholars in the principles and key technologies of water-guided laser processing, which provides a corresponding theoretical basis for the development and application of water-guided lasers and greatly promotes the development of water-guided lasers. Water-guided short-pulse nanosecond lasers (green light 532nm wavelength, near-infrared 1064nm wavelength) have significant technical advantages in processing ceramic matrix composites (CMC). During the pulse interval, the water jet can flush away the processing by-products and cool the heat-affected area of ​​the matrix, thereby obtaining a processing effect with low thermal damage.

[0003] Stable water jet is the prerequisite for water-guided laser technology to achieve laser-water jet coupling. In order to improve the stability, stable length and resistance to environmental interference of the jet, a coaxial protective gas device is usually used. The existing structure does not have a design solution that can ensure a longer stable jet length and strong resistance to external environmental interference. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a water-guided laser coupling device that can take into account both the stable length of the jet and the anti-interference ability.

[0005] According to the present disclosure, a water-guided laser coupling device is provided, comprising a laser source and a coupling cavity, wherein the laser source is configured to generate laser light extending in a preset direction, and the coupling cavity comprises:

[0006] An optical window mirror is arranged on the propagation path of the laser to allow the laser to pass through;

[0007] A high-pressure water chamber is disposed along a preset direction on a side of the optical window mirror away from the laser source, and the high-pressure water chamber is configured to form a water jet extending along the preset direction; and

[0008] The shielding gas generating mechanism is arranged on a side of the high-pressure water chamber away from the laser source along a preset direction, and is configured to generate a stratified spiral airflow, which includes a first spiral airflow and a second spiral airflow, and the first spiral airflow is located radially inside the second spiral airflow.

[0009] In some embodiments, the kinetic energy of the first spiral airflow is greater than the kinetic energy of the second spiral airflow.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first spiral airflow is configured to surround the water jet, and the second spiral airflow is configured to form a negative pressure zone radially inside the water jet.

[0011] In some embodiments, the shielding gas generating mechanism includes a cyclone, which includes an axial cyclone structure, a radial cyclone structure, or a cyclone cup structure. The cyclone cup structure includes an axial cyclone structure and a radial cyclone structure arranged in combination along a preset direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of swirlers are provided, each swirler has a different number of blades, blade inclination angles and blade shapes, and the coupling cavity can selectively install a swirler that is compatible with the stratified spiral airflow.

[0013] In some embodiments, the shielding gas generating mechanism includes a radial cyclone structure, the number of blades of the radial cyclone structure is 16, the blade inclination angle is 30°, and the blade shape is a straight plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, an outlet channel is provided on a side of the shielding gas generating mechanism away from the high-pressure water chamber, and the outlet channel is a tapered channel along the propagation direction of the laser.

[0015] In some embodiments, the length of the outlet channel along the preset direction is 5 mm, and the inclination angle of the side wall of the outlet channel relative to the center line is 5°.

[0016] In some embodiments, the laser source is located on the central axis of the coupling cavity.

[0017] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser coupling device further includes a focusing mirror, which is disposed between the laser source and the coupling cavity along a preset direction and is configured to focus the laser.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the water-guided laser coupling device of the embodiment of the present disclosure has a compact structure, and a double-layer protective gas flow is generated by a single protective gas generating mechanism. The inner first spiral airflow can wrap the jet, reduce the shear resistance between the jet and the air, and increase the jet stability and the jet stable length; the outer second spiral airflow can increase the jet stability and anti-interference ability; the layered spiral airflow can take into account the jet stable length and anti-interference ability, thereby improving the processing accuracy, processing efficiency and safety of the water-guided laser. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the water-guided laser coupling device disclosed in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of flow lines of some embodiments of the layered spiral airflow disclosed in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the axial swirler structure disclosed in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of the structures of some embodiments of the radial swirler structure disclosed in the present invention.

[0024] Description of Reference Numerals

[0025] 1. Laser source; 2. Coupling cavity; 3. Focusing mirror; 10. Laser; 21. Optical window mirror; 22. High-pressure water cavity; 220. Water jet; 23. Protective gas generating mechanism; 230. Layered spiral airflow; 231. First spiral airflow; 232. Second spiral airflow; 233. Axial cyclone structure; 234. Radial cyclone structure; 235. Outlet channel; 236. Inlet channel; 237. Annular airflow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present disclosure is described in detail below. In the following paragraphs, different aspects of the embodiments are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined can be combined with any other aspect or aspects, unless explicitly stated not to be combined. In particular, any feature that is considered to be preferred or advantageous can be combined with one or more other features that are considered to be preferred or advantageous.

[0027] The terms "first", "second", etc. that appear in the present disclosure are only for the convenience of description to distinguish different components with the same name, and do not indicate a sequence or a primary and secondary relationship.

[0028] In the description of the present disclosure, it is necessary to understand that the terms "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "left" and "right" etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are defined based on lasers, laser propagation directions or spiral airflows etc., and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0029] During the research process, the inventors found that the existing protective gas devices mainly include two types: coaxial spiral protective gas based on the Synova model water-guided laser, and coaxial annular protective gas curtain based on the Avonisys model water-guided laser. Although the Synova solution can achieve a longer stable water jet, the solution mostly uses light gas, which has low kinetic energy and poor resistance to environmental interference. The Avonisys solution forms a negative pressure zone in the water jet area through an annular air curtain. The negative pressure zone can greatly improve the ability to resist environmental interference and greatly improve the drainage capacity. However, compared with the Synova solution, the stable jet length will be reduced. There is no design solution in the existing structure that can both guarantee a longer stable jet length and a strong ability to resist external environmental interference.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present disclosure proposes a water-guided laser coupling device, comprising a laser source 1 and a coupling cavity 2, wherein the laser source 1 is configured to generate a laser 10 extending along a preset direction x, and the coupling cavity 2 comprises:

[0031] An optical window mirror 21 is provided on the propagation path of the laser light 10 to allow the laser light 10 to pass through;

[0032] A high-pressure water chamber 22 is disposed along a preset direction x on a side of the optical window mirror 21 away from the laser source 1 , and the high-pressure water chamber 22 is configured to form a water jet 220 extending along the preset direction x; and

[0033] The shielding gas generating mechanism 23 is arranged on a side of the high-pressure water chamber 22 away from the laser source 1 along a preset direction x, and is configured to generate a stratified spiral airflow 230, the stratified spiral airflow 230 includes a first spiral airflow 231 and a second spiral airflow 232, and the first spiral airflow 231 is located radially inward of the second spiral airflow 232.

[0034] Specifically, the laser source 1 can generate a pulsed laser with a set power and wavelength. Specifically, the coupling cavity 2 can integrate laser transmission, water flow guidance and protective gas to ensure effective coupling of the laser and the water jet. Specifically, the optical window mirror can protect the laser source 1 from the influence of water moisture while ensuring laser penetration. Specifically, the water jet not only serves as a medium for laser transmission, but also plays a role in cooling and removing processing by-products. Optionally, the protective gas generating mechanism 23 may include an axial cyclone or a radial cyclone, etc.

[0035] Specifically, the first spiral airflow 231 of the stratified spiral airflow 230 has a smaller inner diameter and is located on the inner side near the center of the water jet, which can wrap the jet, reduce the shear resistance between the jet and the air, and increase the jet stability and the jet stable length. Specifically, the second spiral airflow 232 of the stratified spiral airflow 230 has a larger inner diameter, forming a spiral air curtain, which can prevent the cross-blowing airflow from affecting the jet. The second spiral airflow 232 can increase the jet stability and anti-interference ability. Specifically, the stratified spiral airflow 230 can combine the protective gas characteristics of the Synova solution and the Avonisys solution, and can ensure a longer jet stable length while ensuring a strong ability to resist external environmental interference in the jet area.

[0036] The water-guided laser coupling device of this embodiment has a compact structure. A single protective gas generating mechanism generates a double-layer protective gas flow. The inner first spiral gas flow 231 can wrap the jet, reduce the shear resistance between the jet and the air, and increase the jet stability and the jet stable length; the outer second spiral gas flow 232 can increase the jet stability and anti-interference ability; the layered spiral gas flow 230 can take into account the jet stable length and anti-interference ability, improve the drainage ability, and improve the processing accuracy, processing efficiency and safety of the water-guided laser.

[0037] In some embodiments, the kinetic energy of the first spiral airflow 231 is greater than the kinetic energy of the second spiral airflow 232 .

[0038] Specifically, a strong spiral airflow with a smaller inner diameter can wrap the jet, reduce the shearing effect between the jet and the air, and increase the stable length of the jet. A weak spiral airflow with a larger inner diameter can form an annular air curtain, increasing the jet stability and anti-interference ability.

[0039] This embodiment can achieve refined control of water-conducting laser coupling by adjusting the kinetic energy of different spiral airflows. The first spiral airflow 231 and the second spiral airflow 232 complement each other, which can achieve better processing effects and improve the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of water-conducting laser processing.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first spiral airflow 231 is configured to surround the water jet 220 , and the second spiral airflow 232 is configured to form a negative pressure zone radially inwardly thereof.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first spiral airflow 231 surrounds the water jet 220, which can provide additional stability and a protective barrier and increase the stable length of the jet. The negative pressure zone formed on the inner side by the second spiral airflow 232 can effectively absorb the steam, particles and residues generated by the processing, maintain the cleanliness of the processing area, and improve the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of water-guided laser processing.

[0042] In some embodiments, Figures 1 to 4As shown, the shielding gas generating mechanism 23 includes a cyclone, which includes an axial cyclone structure 233, a radial cyclone structure 234 or a cyclone cup structure. The cyclone cup structure includes an axial cyclone structure 233 and a radial cyclone structure 234 arranged in combination along a preset direction x.

[0043] Specifically, in the propagation direction of the laser 10, the laser 10 first passes through the radial cyclone structure 234 and then passes through the axial cyclone structure 233. Specifically, the axial cyclone structure 233 promotes the gas to flow in the axial direction and generate a swirl, while the radial cyclone structure 234 promotes the gas to flow in the radial direction and form a spiral airflow, which can enhance the surrounding protection effect of the airflow. The swirl cup structure combines the advantages of the above two cyclone structures and can effectively generate a spiral airflow.

[0044] Optionally, the airflow may be an airflow that is parallel-incident to the swirler or radial-incident to the swirler, and the swirler converts the incident airflow into an axial spiral airflow.

[0045] The shielding gas generating mechanism 23 of this embodiment generates a layered spiral airflow 230 through a cyclone, which can accurately control the airflow distribution and improve the performance and efficiency of the water-guided laser coupling device.

[0046] In some embodiments, a plurality of swirlers are provided, each swirler has a different number of blades, blade inclination angles, and blade shapes. The coupling cavity 2 can selectively be installed with a swirler that is compatible with the stratified spiral airflow 230 .

[0047] Specifically, by selecting different numbers of blades, the degree of spirality and stability of the airflow can be adjusted. Specifically, by selecting different blade inclination angles, the direction and speed of the airflow can be adjusted. A larger inclination angle helps to enhance the rotational force, while a smaller inclination angle helps to maintain the linearity of the airflow. Specifically, by selecting different blade shapes, the flow trajectory of the airflow can be adjusted, and the kinetic energy of the airflow in a specific area can be adjusted.

[0048] Optionally, the blade shape may be a plane blade, or a three-dimensional curved blade, etc. Optionally, the number of blades, blade inclination angle, and blade shape of the swirler may be selected after verification through computational fluid dynamics simulation or aerodynamic simulation.

[0049] In this embodiment, a swirler adapted to the layered spiral airflow 230 can be selectively installed in the coupling cavity 2, so that the spiral degree, stability, flow trajectory or kinetic energy of the spiral airflow can be selectively adjusted, thereby improving the working condition adaptability of the water-guided laser coupling device.

[0050] In some embodiments, the shielding gas generating mechanism 23 includes a radial cyclone structure 234 . The radial cyclone structure 234 has 16 blades, a blade inclination angle of 30°, and a blade shape of a straight plate.

[0051] Specifically, the straight blade shape can simplify the manufacturing process, reduce material costs, increase the smoothness of airflow passing through the radial swirler structure 234, and maintain stable airflow dynamic characteristics.

[0052] This embodiment can optimize the flow direction, stability and kinetic energy distribution of the stratified spiral airflow 230 by setting the number of blades, blade inclination angle and blade shape of the radial swirler structure, so that the stratified spiral airflow 230 can take into account the jet stability length and anti-interference ability, thereby improving the processing efficiency and processing quality of the water-guided laser coupling device.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, an outlet channel 235 is provided on a side of the shielding gas generating mechanism 23 away from the high-pressure water chamber 22 , and the outlet channel 235 is a tapered channel along the propagation direction of the laser 10 .

[0054] Specifically, the tapered channel can utilize the Venturi effect to increase the flow rate of the stratified spiral airflow 230 , that is, the first spiral airflow 231 and the second spiral airflow 232 can increase the kinetic energy when passing through the outlet channel 235 , thereby increasing the jet stability length.

[0055] Specifically, as the outlet channel 235 gradually shrinks, the airflow tends to be concentrated, and a layered spiral airflow 230 with a smaller radius can be formed, thereby accurately guiding and positioning the laser processing area. Specifically, the gradually shrinking channel can increase the stable length of the jet without increasing gas consumption, which is beneficial to energy saving, emission reduction and cost reduction.

[0056] In this embodiment, the outlet channel 235 is a tapered channel along the propagation direction of the laser 10, which can save energy while improving the kinetic energy of the airflow, improve the processing accuracy and processing efficiency of the water-guided laser coupling device, and further enhance the jet stability length and anti-interference ability of the water-guided laser coupling device.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an air inlet channel 236 is also provided in the protective gas generating mechanism 23. After the air enters the air inlet channel 236, an annular airflow 237 is formed. After the annular airflow 237 enters the cyclone, a layered spiral airflow 230 is formed.

[0058] In some embodiments, the length of the outlet channel 235 along the preset direction x is 5 mm, and the inclination angle of the side wall of the outlet channel 235 relative to the center line is 5°.

[0059] Specifically, setting the length and inclination of the outlet channel 235 helps to produce the desired Venturi effect and airflow characteristics. Specifically, a shorter channel makes the airflow acceleration effect more significant, and a smaller angle makes the channel contract more gently, which helps to accelerate the airflow smoothly. Optionally, the structural parameters of the outlet channel 235 can also be simulated and verified using computational fluid dynamics methods.

[0060] This embodiment provides a tapered channel extending 5 mm along a preset direction x and with a side wall inclined inward at an angle of 5°, which can produce a directional and accelerating effect when the airflow passes through, thereby saving energy while improving the kinetic energy of the airflow, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency of the water-guided laser.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the laser source 1 is located on the central axis of the coupling cavity 2. Specifically, the laser 10 emitted by the laser source 1 propagates along the central axis of the coupling cavity 2, which can ensure that the light energy is introduced into the coupling cavity 2 with minimal loss, thereby optimizing the processing effect of water-conducting laser processing.

[0062] This embodiment enables the laser 10 to propagate along the central axis of the coupling cavity 2, thereby reducing energy loss and improving the reliability of the water-guided laser coupling cavity device.

[0063] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser coupling cavity device further includes a focusing mirror 3 , which is disposed between the laser source 1 and the coupling cavity 2 along a preset direction x and is configured to focus the laser 10 .

[0064] Specifically, the focusing mirror 3 can concentrate the laser light 10 emitted by the laser source 1, realize efficient focusing of the light beam, and form a smaller spot size and a higher energy density. Specifically, the focusing mirror 3 helps to apply the water-guided laser coupling cavity device to application scenarios that require high-precision processing, long-distance transmission, or have strict requirements on the quality of the laser beam.

[0065] This embodiment focuses the laser 10 through the focusing mirror 3, which can achieve efficient focusing of the laser 10, increase the transmission distance of the laser 10, and expand the application range of the water-guided laser coupling device.

[0066] The above is a detailed introduction to a water-guided laser coupling device provided by the present disclosure. Specific embodiments are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of ​​the present disclosure. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present disclosure, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present disclosure, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A water-guided laser coupling device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a laser source (1) and a coupling cavity (2), wherein the laser source (1) is configured to generate laser light (10) extending along a preset direction (x), and the coupling cavity (2) comprises: an optical window mirror (21), arranged on a propagation path of the laser light (10) to allow the laser light (10) to pass through; a high-pressure water chamber (22), arranged along the preset direction (x) on a side of the optical window mirror (21) away from the laser source (1), the high-pressure water chamber (22) being configured to form a water jet (220) extending along the preset direction (x); and The shielding gas generating mechanism (23) is arranged on a side of the high-pressure water chamber (22) away from the laser source (1) along the preset direction (x), and is configured to generate a layered spiral airflow (230), wherein the layered spiral airflow (230) comprises a first spiral airflow (231) and a second spiral airflow (232), wherein the first spiral airflow (231) is located radially inward of the second spiral airflow (232).

2. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kinetic energy of the first spiral airflow (231) is greater than the kinetic energy of the second spiral airflow (232).

3. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spiral airflow (231) is configured to surround the water jet (220), and the second spiral airflow (232) is configured to form a negative pressure zone on the radial inner side thereof.

4. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding gas generating mechanism (23) comprises a cyclone, wherein the cyclone comprises an axial cyclone structure (233), a radial cyclone structure (234) or a cyclone cup structure, wherein the cyclone cup structure comprises the axial cyclone structure (233) and the radial cyclone structure (234) which are arranged in combination along the preset direction (x).

5. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The swirlers are provided in plurality, each of the swirlers having a different number of blades, blade inclination angles and blade shapes, and the coupling cavity (2) can selectively be equipped with the swirler adapted to the stratified spiral airflow (230).

6. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective gas generating mechanism (23) comprises the radial cyclone structure (234), the number of blades of the radial cyclone structure (234) is 16, the blade inclination angle is 30°, and the blade shape is a straight plate.

7. The water-guided laser coupling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: An outlet channel (235) is provided on a side of the protective gas generating mechanism (23) away from the high-pressure water chamber (22), and the outlet channel (235) is a gradually contracting channel along the propagation direction of the laser (10).

8. The water-guided laser coupling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The length of the outlet channel (235) along the preset direction (x) is 5 mm, and the inclination angle of the side wall of the outlet channel (235) relative to the center line is 5°.

9. The water-guided laser coupling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The laser source (1) is located on the central axis of the coupling cavity (2).

10. The water-guided laser coupling device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also comprises a focusing mirror (3), which is arranged between the laser source (1) and the coupling cavity (2) along the preset direction (x) and is configured to focus the laser (10).

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