Cross flow type two-in-one heat exchanger and high-temperature water electrolysis system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of high-temperature water electrolysis systems, in particular to a cross flow type two-in-one heat exchanger and a high-temperature water electrolysis system. The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange core body and a distribution structure arranged on the peripheral side of the heat exchange core body. Cold fluid flow channels and hot fluid flow channels are arranged in the heat exchange core body, the cold fluid flow channels penetrate through the first direction of the heat exchange core body, the hot fluid flow channels penetrate through the second direction of the heat exchange core body, and the cold fluid flow channels and the hot fluid flow channels are alternately arranged. Fins are arranged in the cold fluid flow channel, a plurality of micro-pore plates are arranged between the fins in the first direction, a plurality of micro-pores are evenly distributed in the micro-pore plates, and the hot fluid flow channel is divided into different sealed cavities in the first direction. According to the utility model, the problems of large overall size, low heat dissipation efficiency and large instantaneous pressure impact caused by the breakage of large bubbles are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of high-temperature water electrolysis systems, and in particular to a cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger and a high-temperature water electrolysis system. Background Art

[0002] The high-temperature electrolysis water system needs to be fed with steam when it is working. The steam is usually provided by the outside world or generated by the heat exchange and evaporation of liquid water and the high-temperature tail gas of the system. Since the vaporization of liquid water absorbs a lot of heat, the cathode tail gas alone often cannot provide enough heat, and it needs to be supplemented by electric heating, or first exchange heat with the cathode tail gas and then rely on the anode tail gas for heat exchange.

[0003] In order to meet the heat absorption demand of liquid water vaporization, two heat exchangers are needed, namely the pre-evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporation heat exchanger. The two evaporators are connected by pipes, which makes the overall volume larger, and the pipes increase the area of ​​heat dissipation to the outside, reducing the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, water is prone to bubbles during the heat exchange process, and the rupture of bubbles at the gas-liquid phase change interface will cause a large instantaneous pressure shock. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the utility model is to provide a cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger to solve the problems of large overall volume, low heat dissipation efficiency, and large instantaneous pressure shock caused by the rupture of large bubbles.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange core and a distribution structure arranged on the periphery of the heat exchange core; a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel are arranged in the heat exchange core, the cold fluid flow channel runs through the heat exchange core in a first direction, the hot fluid flow channel runs through the heat exchange core in a second direction, and the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are arranged alternately, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; fins are arranged in the cold fluid flow channel, a plurality of microporous plates are arranged between the fins along the first direction, a plurality of micropores are evenly arranged on the microporous plates, and the hot fluid flow channel is divided into different sealed chambers along the first direction.

[0007] Optionally, the heat exchange core is provided with a plurality of parallel partitions, the partitions are parallel to both the first direction and the second direction, and the partitions separate the cold fluid flow channel from the hot fluid flow channel.

[0008] Optionally, the heat exchange core further includes side seals, which are arranged at both ends of the heat exchange core in the second direction, with a predetermined gap between the partitions, a side seal is arranged every other gap, and the side seals and the partitions enclose the cold fluid flow channel.

[0009] Optionally, the heat exchange core further includes outer seals, which are arranged at both ends of the heat exchange core in the first direction, and an outer seal is arranged at every other gap, and the outer seal and the side seal are located in different gaps.

[0010] Optionally, an inner seal is provided in the heat exchange core, the inner seal is parallel to the outer seal and is located in the same gap as the outer seal, and the outer seal, the inner seal and the partition form the hot fluid flow channel.

[0011] Optionally, the micropores on the micropore plate are circular or square, and the diameter or side length of the micropores is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the distribution structure includes a water inlet distribution structure, a cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, a cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure, an anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, an anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure and a steam outlet gas distribution structure, the water inlet distribution structure and the steam outlet gas distribution structure are arranged at both ends of the first direction of the heat exchange core, the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure are arranged at one end of the second direction of the heat exchange core, and the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are arranged at the other end of the second direction of the heat exchange core.

[0013] Optionally, the water inlet distribution structure includes a water inlet pipe and a water storage chamber, the water storage chamber is connected to the cold fluid flow channel, and the steam outlet gas distribution structure includes a buffer chamber and a steam outlet pipe, the buffer chamber is connected to the cold fluid flow channel.

[0014] Optionally, the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure, the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are similar in shape, including fluid channels and gas distribution cavities, and the gas distribution cavities are connected to the hot fluid flow channels; the fluid channels of the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the fluid channels of the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are staggered along the first direction; the fluid channels of the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the fluid channels of the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are staggered along the first direction.

[0015] An embodiment of the utility model further provides a high-temperature water electrolysis system, comprising the cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger as described above.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present utility model have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0017] 1. The utility model integrates the pre-evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporation heat exchanger in the high-temperature water electrolysis system into a two-in-one heat exchanger, which improves the system integration, reduces the volume of components, eliminates the connecting pipes between the heat exchangers, can reduce pressure drop loss, reduce exposed surface area, help reduce heat loss and thermal stress, and at the same time ensure the continuous flow and continuous heated evaporation of water, avoiding pressure fluctuations caused by incomplete evaporation of water.

[0018] 2. By arranging microporous plates in the cold fluid flow channel, it is possible to suppress the production of large bubbles due to water boiling, avoid the instantaneous large pressure shock caused by the rupture of large bubbles at the gas-liquid phase change interface, and suppress the amplitude of pressure fluctuations caused by water evaporation.

[0019] Additional advantages of the present invention will be given in the following description, and some will become apparent from the following description or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the interior of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the heat exchange core provided by the embodiment of the utility model, wherein the left figure is an overall schematic diagram, the right side of the middle figure is a cold fluid flow channel, and the right side of the right figure is a hot fluid flow channel;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a microplate provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall and cross-section of the water inlet distribution structure provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the hot fluid gas distribution structure provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the steam outlet gas distribution structure provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] In the figure: 1, heat exchange core; 2, water inlet distribution structure; 3, cathode tail gas inlet distribution structure; 4, cathode tail gas outlet distribution structure; 5, anode tail gas inlet distribution structure; 6, anode tail gas outlet distribution structure; 7, steam outlet distribution structure; 8, partition; 9, side seal; 10, outer seal; 11, cold fluid flow channel; 12, anode tail gas flow channel; 13, inner seal; 14, cathode tail gas flow channel; 15, microporous plate; 16, micropore; 17, fluid channel; 18, distribution cavity; 19, buffer cavity; 20, steam outlet pipe; 21, water inlet pipe; 22, water storage cavity;

[0029] In order to show the positions of various parts, the distances or sizes between them are exaggerated and the schematic diagram is for reference only. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] Terminology explanation:

[0032] Cathode tail gas: The tail gas on the cathode side of a high-temperature water electrolysis hydrogen production device such as a solid oxide electrolysis cell, usually a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor.

[0033] Anode tail gas: The tail gas on the anode side of a high-temperature water electrolysis hydrogen production device such as a solid oxide electrolysis cell, usually oxygen-enriched air.

[0034] Fin: A metal sheet added to the surface of a heat exchange device to increase the heat exchange area.

[0035] In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the embodiment of the utility model proposes a cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes a heat exchange core 1 and a distribution structure arranged around the heat exchange core 1; Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange core 1 is provided with a cold fluid flow channel 11 and a hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel 11 runs through the first direction of the heat exchange core 1, the hot fluid flow channel runs through the second direction of the heat exchange core 1, and the cold fluid flow channel 11 and the hot fluid flow channel are arranged alternately, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, and the first direction corresponds to Figure 2 The second direction corresponds to Figure 2 In the horizontal direction.

[0036] Fins are arranged in the cold fluid flow channel 11, and a plurality of microporous plates 15 are arranged between the fins along the first direction. A plurality of micropores 16 are evenly arranged on the microporous plates 15. The hot fluid flow channel is divided into different sealed chambers along the first direction. In the present embodiment, there are two sealed chambers, into which the cathode exhaust gas and the anode exhaust gas are introduced respectively.

[0037] The cold fluid flow channel 11 is a single straight flow channel, which ensures the continuous flow and continuous heating and evaporation of water, and can avoid pressure fluctuations caused by incomplete evaporation of water in the pre-evaporation heat exchanger when two heat exchangers are used.

[0038] The two-in-one heat exchanger proposed by the utility model has water introduced into the cold fluid flow channel 11, and the hot fluid flow channel is divided into two sealed chambers for respectively introducing cathode tail gas and anode tail gas, which is equivalent to integrating the pre-evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporation heat exchanger into one heat exchanger, thereby preparing the water vapor required by the high-temperature electrolysis water system. It has the advantages of small size, convenient assembly and high integration. Since the connecting pipe between the pre-evaporation heat exchanger and the evaporation heat exchanger is omitted, it helps to reduce the pressure drop loss, and at the same time reduces the exposed surface area (that is, the heat dissipation area), reduces heat loss and thermal stress, and improves the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, it can suppress the pressure fluctuation caused by incomplete evaporation of water.

[0039] The microporous plates 15 are evenly arranged in the cold fluid flow channel 11. When water boils in the cold fluid flow channel 11 to generate bubbles, large bubbles will be blocked when passing through the microporous plates 15 and gradually divided into many tiny bubbles by the micropores 16, avoiding the instantaneous large pressure shock caused by the rupture of large bubbles at the gas-liquid phase change interface, and converting it into numerous smaller and continuous pressure shocks, thereby suppressing the amplitude of pressure fluctuations.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange core 1 is provided with a plurality of parallel partitions 8, side seals 9, outer seals 10 and inner seals 13. The partitions 8 are parallel to both the first direction and the second direction, and the partitions 8 separate the cold fluid flow channel 11 from the hot fluid flow channel. The side seals 9 are arranged at both ends of the second direction of the heat exchange core 1, and there is a predetermined gap between the partitions 8 and the partitions 8. A side seal 9 is arranged every other gap, and the side seals 9 and the partitions 8 surround the cold fluid flow channel 11. The outer seals 10 are arranged at both ends of the first direction of the heat exchange core 1, and an outer seal 10 is arranged every other gap, and the outer seals 10 and the side seals 9 are located in different gaps. The inner seal 13 is parallel to the outer seal 10 and is located in the same gap as the outer seal 10. The outer seal 10, the inner seal 13 and the partition 8 surround the hot fluid flow channel.

[0041] The heat exchange core 1 is a periodic structure, consisting of a partition 8, a cold fluid flow channel 11, and a partition 8 and a hot fluid flow channel (including an anode tail flow channel 12 and a cathode tail flow channel 14) alternately. The partition 8 is located at the outermost side of the heat exchange core 1 and between the cold and hot fluid flow channels, and plays a role in isolating the cold and hot fluids.

[0042] The side seal strips 9 are located on the left and right sides of the cold fluid flow channel 11 to prevent the cold fluid from leaking out. The cold fluid flow channel 11 is through-through, and there are fins in the flow channel to increase the heat exchange area. In the fluid channel 17 on the fins, microporous plates 15 are arranged horizontally at intervals to suppress the generation of large bubbles when water boils.

[0043] The outer seal 10 is located at the upper and lower ends of the hot fluid flow channel to prevent the anode tail gas or cathode tail gas from leaking out. The inner seal 13 is located between the anode tail flow channel 12 and the cathode tail flow channel 14, separating the anode tail flow channel 12 and the cathode tail flow channel 14 to prevent the anode tail gas from being mixed with the cathode tail gas. The anode tail flow channel 12 and the cathode tail flow channel 14 are connected from left to right, and there are also fins in the flow channel to increase the heat exchange area.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the microporous plate 15 is an extremely thin metal plate with a thickness of about 1 to 2 mm, and a plurality of micropores 16 are evenly arranged on the plate. The micropores 16 penetrate the microporous plate 15 and may be circular or square, and the diameter or side length of the micropores 16 is about 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The microporous plate 15 is evenly arranged in the cold fluid flow channel 11. When water boils in the cold fluid flow channel 11 to generate bubbles, large bubbles will be blocked when passing through the microporous plate 15 and gradually divided into many tiny bubbles by the micropores 16, avoiding the instantaneous large pressure shock caused by the rupture of large bubbles at the gas-liquid phase change interface, and converting it into numerous smaller and continuous pressure shocks, thereby suppressing the amplitude of pressure fluctuations.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the distribution structure includes a water inlet distribution structure 2, a cathode tail gas inlet distribution structure 3, a cathode tail gas outlet distribution structure 4, an anode tail gas inlet distribution structure 5, an anode tail gas outlet distribution structure 6 and a steam outlet distribution structure 7. The water inlet distribution structure 2 and the steam outlet distribution structure 7 are arranged at both ends of the first direction of the heat exchange core 1, the cathode tail gas inlet distribution structure 3 and the anode tail gas inlet distribution structure 5 are arranged at one end of the second direction of the heat exchange core 1, and the cathode tail gas outlet distribution structure 4 and the anode tail gas outlet distribution structure 6 are arranged at the other end of the second direction of the heat exchange core 1. Figure 5 As shown, the water inlet distribution structure 2 includes a water inlet pipe 21 and a water storage chamber 22, and the water storage chamber 22 is connected to the cold fluid flow channel 11. Figure 7 As shown, the steam outlet gas distribution structure 7 includes a buffer chamber 19 and a steam outlet pipe 20 , and the buffer chamber 19 is communicated with the cold fluid flow channel 11 .

[0046] The water inlet distribution structure 2 is composed of a water inlet pipe 21 and a water storage chamber 22, and the water storage chamber 22 is connected to the cold fluid flow channel 11. When working, water first enters the water inlet distribution structure 2 from the water inlet pipe 21, and then enters the cold fluid flow channel 11 after filling the water storage chamber 22, so as to avoid uneven liquid inflow to each flow channel caused by fluctuation of water flow.

[0047] The steam outlet gas distribution structure 7 is composed of a buffer chamber 19 and a steam outlet pipe 20. The buffer chamber 19 is connected to the cold fluid flow channel 11. When working, water turns into water vapor and enters the buffer chamber 19 from the cold fluid flow channel 11, and then flows out of the heat exchanger through the steam outlet pipe 20.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 3, the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 4, the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 5 and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 6 (collectively referred to as thermal fluid gas distribution structure) are similar in shape, including a fluid channel 17 and a gas distribution cavity 18, and the gas distribution cavity 18 is connected to the thermal fluid flow channel.

[0049] The thermal fluid gas distribution structures all have similar structural features, but the specific dimensions may be different. The thermal fluid gas distribution structure is composed of a fluid channel 17 and a gas distribution cavity 18, and the gas distribution cavity 18 plays the role of buffering gas to improve the uniformity of gas flow.

[0050] For the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 3 and the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 5, the cathode tail gas or the anode tail gas first enters the gas distribution chamber 18 from the fluid channel 17, and then enters the cathode tail gas flow channel 14 or the anode tail gas flow channel 12 connected to the gas distribution chamber 18. For the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 4 and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 6, the cathode tail gas or the anode tail gas first enters the gas distribution chamber 18 from the cathode tail gas flow channel 14 or the anode tail gas flow channel 12, and then flows out of the heat exchanger from the gas distribution chamber 18 through the fluid channel 17.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluid channels 17 of the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 3 and the fluid channels 17 of the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 4 are arranged alternately along the first direction; the fluid channels 17 of the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure 5 and the fluid channels 17 of the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure 6 are arranged alternately along the first direction. That is, the fluid channels 17 at both ends of each hot fluid flow channel are arranged alternately in the vertical direction, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0052] When the above heat exchanger is working, water first enters the water inlet distribution structure 2, and then flows into the cold fluid flow channel 11 of the heat exchange core 1. At the same time, the cathode tail gas also flows from the cathode tail gas inlet distribution structure 3 into the cathode tail gas flow channel 14 of the heat exchange core 1. The two flow crosswise. After sufficient heat exchange in the heat exchange core 1, part of the water turns into steam and continues to flow upward, while the cathode tail gas enters the cathode tail gas outlet distribution structure 4 and flows out of the two-in-one heat exchanger. After that, the anode tail gas enters the anode tail gas flow channel 12 of the heat exchange core 1 from the anode tail gas inlet distribution structure 5, and continues to exchange heat with the water in the cold fluid flow channel 11. The water is completely turned into steam and enters the steam outlet distribution structure 7, and then discharged from the two-in-one heat exchanger, while the anode tail gas enters the anode tail gas outlet distribution structure 6 and then flows out of the two-in-one heat exchanger.

[0053] Based on the above-mentioned heat exchanger, an embodiment of the utility model also provides a high-temperature water electrolysis system, in which the heat exchanger described in the above-mentioned embodiment is arranged. Since the above-mentioned heat exchanger has the above-mentioned technical effect, the technical effect of the high-temperature water electrolysis system using the heat exchanger please refer to the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0054] Although the above describes the specific implementation methods of the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Technical personnel in the relevant field should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, various modifications or deformations that can be made by technical personnel in this field without creative work are still within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger, characterized in that: It includes a heat exchange core and a distribution structure arranged around the heat exchange core; The heat exchange core is provided with a cold fluid flow channel and a hot fluid flow channel, the cold fluid flow channel runs through the heat exchange core in a first direction, the hot fluid flow channel runs through the heat exchange core in a second direction, and the cold fluid flow channel and the hot fluid flow channel are alternately arranged, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular; Fins are arranged in the cold fluid flow channel, a plurality of microporous plates are arranged between the fins along the first direction, a plurality of micropores are evenly arranged on the microporous plates, and the hot fluid flow channel is divided into different sealed chambers along the first direction.

2. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange core is provided with a plurality of parallel partitions, the partitions are parallel to both the first direction and the second direction, and the partitions separate the cold fluid flow channel from the hot fluid flow channel.

3. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange core also includes side seals, which are arranged at both ends of the heat exchange core in the second direction. There is a predetermined gap between the partitions, and a side seal is arranged every other gap. The side seals and the partitions surround the cold fluid flow channel.

4. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat exchange core further comprises outer seals, which are arranged at two ends of the heat exchange core in the first direction, and an outer seal is arranged at every other gap, and the outer seal and the side seal are located in different gaps.

5. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that: An inner seal is arranged in the heat exchange core, the inner seal is parallel to the outer seal and is located in the same gap as the outer seal, and the outer seal, the inner seal and the partition form the hot fluid flow channel.

6. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micropores on the micropore plate are circular or square, and the diameter or side length of the micropores is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.

7. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution structure includes a water inlet distribution structure, a cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, a cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure, an anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, an anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure and a steam outlet gas distribution structure. The water inlet distribution structure and the steam outlet gas distribution structure are arranged at both ends of the first direction of the heat exchange core, the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure are arranged at one end of the second direction of the heat exchange core, and the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are arranged at the other end of the second direction of the heat exchange core.

8. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water inlet distribution structure includes a water inlet pipe and a water storage chamber, the water storage chamber is connected to the cold fluid flow channel, and the steam outlet distribution structure includes a buffer chamber and a steam outlet pipe, the buffer chamber is connected to the cold fluid flow channel.

9. The cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure, the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure, the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are similar in shape, and include a fluid channel and a gas distribution cavity, and the gas distribution cavity is connected to the hot fluid flow channel; The fluid passages of the cathode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the fluid passages of the cathode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are arranged alternately along the first direction; The fluid channels of the anode tail gas inlet gas distribution structure and the fluid channels of the anode tail gas outlet gas distribution structure are arranged alternately along the first direction.

10. A high temperature water electrolysis system, characterized in that: It comprises a cross-flow two-in-one heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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