Monitoring and advanced anchoring structure for ultrahigh large-span underground powerhouse

Abstract

The utility model provides an ultrahigh large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure which comprises two first anchoring channels arranged above an underground powerhouse in the length direction of the underground powerhouse, and the distance between the first anchoring channels and the underground powerhouse is 4-5 times of the span of the underground powerhouse. A plurality of second anchoring channels are connected between the two first anchoring channels, a plurality of anchoring holes and monitoring holes are formed between the first anchoring channels / the second anchoring channels and the underground powerhouse below the first anchoring channels / the second anchoring channels, and anchor cables / rods used for connecting the first anchoring channels / the second anchoring channels and the top arch of the underground powerhouse are arranged in the anchoring holes. A plurality of monitoring devices are arranged in the anchoring holes and the monitoring holes, advanced monitoring device arrangement and advanced anchoring arrangement are conducted on the underground powerhouse, the whole top area of the underground powerhouse is reinforced in advance, and mechanical response information such as stress, deformation, wave velocity, fracture and energy in the whole life cycle of underground powerhouse construction is monitored; and the stable state of the underground powerhouse construction and operation process is predicted in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of underground engineering, in particular to a monitoring and advanced anchoring structure for an ultra-high and large-span underground plant. Background Art

[0002] The ultra-high and large-span underground powerhouse, due to its large-span arch and high side wall design features, large single-body scale, and frequent disturbances to the stability of the surrounding rock caused by layered and partial excavation unloading, has prominent stability issues. Large-capacity underground hydropower development is being carried out in the deep mountain and canyon areas of southwest my country. As an important component of the water diversion and power generation system, the safety and stability of the underground powerhouse directly determines the normal realization of the power generation function of the hydropower station. With the continuous increase in the scale of hydropower installed capacity, the size of underground powerhouses continues to increase. On the one hand, the construction of ultra-high and large-span underground powerhouses faces the effect of large-scale excavation unloading. As the main bearing structure, the arch transfers the load of the upper rock mass to the arch foot rock mass on both sides through the arch ring. The arch surrounding rock stress is concentrated, and the side wall surrounding rock stress is released, which makes the deformation, rupture, and energy accumulation of the surrounding rock continue to increase, which may induce damage phenomena such as spalling, falling blocks, and landslides; on the other hand, it faces complex geological conditions, which further aggravates the risk of instability of the surrounding rock of the underground powerhouse. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a monitoring and advance anchoring structure for an ultra-high and large-span underground powerhouse, which can solve the outstanding problem of the stability of the arch surrounding rock of the ultra-high and large-span powerhouse.

[0004] To this end, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A monitoring and advance anchoring structure for an ultra-high and large-span underground factory building, comprising two first anchoring channels arranged above the underground factory building and along the length direction of the underground factory building, wherein the distance between the first anchoring channel and the underground factory building is 4 to 5 times the span of the underground factory building, and a plurality of second anchoring channels are connected between the two first anchoring channels, and a plurality of anchoring holes and monitoring holes are arranged between the first anchoring channel / the second anchoring channel and the underground factory building therebelow, and an anchor cable / rod for connecting the first anchoring channel / the second anchoring channel and the top arch of the underground factory building is arranged in the anchoring hole, and a plurality of monitoring equipment are arranged in the anchoring hole and the monitoring hole.

[0006] On the basis of adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention can also adopt the following further technical solutions, or use these further technical solutions in combination:

[0007] The anchoring hole includes a first anchoring hole, and the upper end of the first anchoring hole is located at the intersection of the first anchoring channel and the second anchoring channel.

[0008] The anchoring holes also include second anchoring holes. A plurality of second anchoring holes are provided between the two first anchoring holes at both ends of the second anchoring channel. A plurality of stress gauges are provided on the anchor cables / rods in the first anchoring holes and the second anchoring holes.

[0009] The distance between two adjacent strain gauges on the same anchor cable / rod gradually increases from bottom to top, wherein the strain gauge located at the upper end of the anchor cable / rod contacts the bottom of the second anchoring channel, and the strain gauge located at the lower end of the anchor cable / rod contacts the top arch of the underground plant.

[0010] The monitoring holes include a first monitoring hole, one of the first monitoring holes is provided between two adjacent second anchoring holes, and a plurality of multi-point displacement meters are provided in the first monitoring hole.

[0011] The distance between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters in the same first monitoring hole gradually increases from bottom to top, wherein the multi-point displacement meter located at the upper end of the first monitoring hole contacts the bottom of the second anchoring channel, and the multi-point displacement meter located at the lower end of the first monitoring hole contacts the top arch of the underground plant.

[0012] The monitoring hole also includes a second monitoring hole, wherein one second monitoring hole is respectively provided between two adjacent first anchoring holes in the first anchoring channel, wherein a plurality of acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes are respectively provided in the second monitoring holes close to the center of the first anchoring channel, and a movable drilling sound wave / television is respectively provided in the remaining second monitoring holes.

[0013] The distance between two adjacent acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes in the same second monitoring hole gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0014] The first anchoring channel and the second anchoring channel are both city gate type channels and the width and height of the two are not less than 4m.

[0015] The length of the first anchoring channel is 0.9 to 0.95 times the length of the underground powerhouse, and the length of the second anchoring channel is 0.9 to 0.95 times the width of the underground powerhouse.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects: by pre-excavating the first anchor channel and the second anchor channel above the underground plant before the construction of the super-high and large-span underground plant, the advanced monitoring equipment and advanced anchoring arrangements are carried out for the underground plant, the entire top area of ​​the underground plant is pre-reinforced, and the mechanical response information such as stress, deformation, wave velocity, rupture, energy, etc. during the entire life cycle of the underground plant construction is monitored, the force, deformation and rupture of the underground plant are monitored, and the stability of the construction and operation process of the underground plant is predicted in real time to ensure the safe construction and safe operation of the super-high and large-span underground plant. In addition, in view of the problem that the super-high and large-span underground plant is difficult to exert the arch effect, the implementation of the top arch advance anchoring measures can effectively improve the surrounding rock bearing capacity of the super-high and large-span underground plant and further ensure its safety and stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a top view of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the AA direction.

[0019] Figure 3 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section along the BB direction.

[0020] Figure 4 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section in the CC direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present utility model, the preferred implementation scheme of the present utility model is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent elements with the same or similar functions. However, it should be understood that the accompanying drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present utility model. In order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the accompanying drawings may be omitted, and the positional relationship described in the accompanying drawings is only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on the present utility model.

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] The utility model provides a super-high and large-span underground factory building monitoring and advance anchoring structure, comprising two first anchoring channels 2 arranged above the underground factory building 1 and along the length direction of the underground factory building 1, the distance between the first anchoring channels 2 and the underground factory building 1 is 4 to 5 times the span of the underground factory building 1, a plurality of second anchoring channels 3 are connected between the two first anchoring channels 2, a plurality of anchoring holes 4 and monitoring holes 5 are arranged between the first anchoring channels 2 / the second anchoring channels 3 and the underground factory building 1 therebelow, an anchor cable / rod 6 for connecting the first anchoring channels 2 / the second anchoring channels 3 and the top arch of the underground factory building 1 is arranged in the anchoring holes 4, and a plurality of monitoring equipment are arranged in the anchoring holes 4 and the monitoring holes 5.

[0024] In this embodiment, the underground factory building 1 is an ultra-high and large-span underground factory building, which is composed of two main parts: a large-span top arch and a high side wall.

[0025] In this embodiment, the monitoring equipment includes a stress meter 7 , a multi-point displacement meter 8 , an acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probe 9 , and a drilling sound wave / television 10 .

[0026] Combination Figure 1~Figure 4 It can be seen that, in this embodiment, compared with the underground powerhouse 1, the first anchoring channel 2 and the five second anchoring channels 3 are excavated with a smaller volume scale, and the upper area of ​​the underground powerhouse 1 is covered to the maximum extent, so as to reasonably distribute the anchor cables / rods 6 and the monitoring equipment, and provide advanced support measures and advanced monitoring equipment layout.

[0027] The first anchor channel 2 and the second anchor channel 3 are constructed before the excavation of the underground power building 1. The geological information revealed by the excavation of the first anchor channel 2 and the second anchor channel 3 can provide a reference for the geological condition survey of the underground power building 1, and can also be used to carry out a series of in-situ tests on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, thereby providing basic rock parameters for the excavation support selection and stability assessment of the underground power building 1.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchoring hole 4 includes a first anchoring hole 41 , and the upper end of the first anchoring hole 41 is located at the intersection of the first anchoring channel 2 and the second anchoring channel 3 .

[0029] The anchoring holes 4 also include second anchoring holes 42 . A plurality of second anchoring holes 42 are provided between the two first anchoring holes 41 at both ends of the second anchoring channel 3 . A plurality of stress gauges 7 are provided on the anchor cables / rods 6 in the first anchoring holes 41 and the second anchoring holes 42 .

[0030] In this embodiment, Figure 2 The AA section shown is a section passing through the center line of the second anchoring channel 3. Five second anchoring channels 3 are arranged between the two first anchoring channels 2. Therefore, the cross-sectional distribution at the center line of the five second anchoring channels 3 is the same as Figure 2As shown in the figure, three second anchor holes 42 are arranged between the two first anchor holes 41, and the first anchor holes 41 and the second anchor holes 42 are inclined toward the center of the top arch of the underground factory building 1, and 5 to 7 stress gauges 7 are arranged on the anchor cables / rods 6 in the first anchor holes 41 and the second anchor holes 42. In this embodiment, 5 stress gauges 7 are arranged on the anchor cables / rods 6 in the first anchor holes 41 and the second anchor holes 42.

[0031] The distance between two adjacent stress gauges 7 on the same anchor cable / rod 6 gradually increases from bottom to top. In specific implementation, it can be distributed at distances of 1 meter, 3 meters, 5 meters, 7 meters, and 9 meters. This is only an example and shall be reasonably determined during actual construction. The stress gauge 7 located at the upper end of the anchor cable / rod 6 contacts the bottom of the second anchoring channel 3, and the stress gauge 7 located at the lower end of the anchor cable / rod 6 contacts the top arch of the underground powerhouse 1, thereby measuring the stress conditions at different positions in the surrounding rock at the top of the underground powerhouse 1.

[0032] The monitoring holes 5 include a first monitoring hole 51 . A first monitoring hole 51 is provided between two adjacent second anchoring holes 42 . A plurality of multi-point displacement meters 8 are provided in the first monitoring hole 51 .

[0033] The first monitoring hole 51 is provided with 5 to 7 multi-point displacement meters 8. In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, five multi-point displacement meters 8 are provided in each first monitoring hole 51 .

[0034] The distance between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters 8 in the same first monitoring hole 51 gradually increases from bottom to top, according to the distribution method of the stress gauge 7, which is not given as an example here. The multi-point displacement meter 8 located at the upper end of the first monitoring hole 51 contacts the bottom of the second anchor channel 3, and the multi-point displacement meter 8 located at the lower end of the first monitoring hole 51 contacts the top arch of the underground plant 1. The multi-point displacement meter 8 is installed in the drilled hole, protecting the displacement of the structure and the deformation of the underground excavation body.

[0035] When stress changes or surrounding rock deformation is too large at different heights from the top arch of the underground powerhouse 1, different measures shall be taken according to the actual construction situation.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the monitoring hole 5 also includes a second monitoring hole 52, and a second monitoring hole 52 is respectively provided between two adjacent first anchoring holes 41 in the first anchoring channel 2, wherein a plurality of acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes 9 are respectively provided in the second monitoring holes 52 close to the center of the first anchoring channel 2, and a movable drilling sound wave / television 10 is respectively provided in the remaining second monitoring holes 52.

[0037] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, three acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes 9 are respectively provided in each second monitoring hole 52 close to the center of the first anchoring channel 2 .

[0038] The distance between two adjacent acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes 9 in the same second monitoring hole 52 gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0039] The drilling sound wave / television 10 moves up and down in the second monitoring hole 52, taking real-time photos of the surrounding rock mass during the movement, and monitoring whether there are cracks by comparison, or can send real-time sound waves to the surrounding rock mass for comparative monitoring.

[0040] The acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probe 9 can monitor the surrounding spherical space in real time. In this embodiment, the acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probe 9 can cover the area between the top arch of the underground factory building 1 and the first anchoring channel 2, and accurately locate the area where damage occurs.

[0041] The first anchoring channel 2 and the second anchoring channel 3 are both city gate type channels and their width and height are not less than 4m.

[0042] The length of the first anchoring channel 2 is 0.9 to 0.95 times the length of the underground powerhouse 1 , and the length of the second anchoring channel 3 is 0.9 to 0.95 times the width of the underground powerhouse 1 .

[0043] During the excavation of the underground powerhouse 1, the stress changes and deformation responses transmitted upward were slow, while the wave velocity responses were fast. Therefore, the monitoring equipment adopted in the CC section responded most promptly, followed by the AA section. Only when the changes inside the rock mass were large enough to produce cracks could they be displayed by the borehole television camera set up in the BB section.

[0044] By real-time monitoring and monitoring of the in-situ response information of stress, deformation, wave velocity, rupture, and energy throughout the entire life cycle of underground power plant construction, the force, deformation, and rupture of the underground power plant are monitored, the stability of the construction and operation process of the underground power plant is predicted, and the safety and stability of the ultra-high and large-span underground power plant are ensured. In view of the problem that the ultra-high and large-span underground power plant is difficult to exert the arch effect, the top arch advance anchoring measures are implemented, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock of the ultra-high and large-span underground power plant and further ensure its safety and stability.

[0045] According to the description and drawings of the utility model, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use the ultra-high and large-span underground plant monitoring and advance anchoring structure of the utility model, and can produce the positive effects recorded in the utility model.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present utility model and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "installed", "set", "provided with", "connected", "connected", and "socketed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two mechanisms, elements or components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outside", "inside", "horizontal", "end", "length", "outer end", "left", "right" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are also used only for the simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply relative importance.

[0048] Furthermore, in practicing the claims of the present invention, those skilled in the art may understand and affect variations to the disclosed embodiments by studying the drawings, disclosure, and appended claims. In addition, in the claims and the specification, words such as "comprises", "comprising", etc. do not exclude other elements or steps, and non-plural nouns do not exclude their plural forms.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention and will not be listed one by one here.

Claims

1. A super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advance anchoring structure, comprising two first anchoring channels (2) arranged above the underground powerhouse (1) and along the length direction of the underground powerhouse (1), characterized in that: The distance between the first anchoring channel (2) and the underground powerhouse (1) is 4 to 5 times the span of the underground powerhouse (1); a plurality of second anchoring channels (3) are connected between two of the first anchoring channels (2); a plurality of anchoring holes (4) and monitoring holes (5) are provided between the first anchoring channel (2) / the second anchoring channel (3) and the underground powerhouse (1) therebelow; an anchor cable / rod (6) for connecting the first anchoring channel (2) / the second anchoring channel (3) and the top arch of the underground powerhouse (1) is provided in the anchoring hole (4); and a plurality of monitoring equipment is provided in both the anchoring hole (4) and the monitoring hole (5).

2. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advance anchoring structure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchoring hole (4) comprises a first anchoring hole (41), the upper end of the first anchoring hole (41) being located at the intersection of the first anchoring channel (2) and the second anchoring channel (3).

3. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The anchoring holes (4) further include second anchoring holes (42), a plurality of second anchoring holes (42) are provided between two of the first anchoring holes (41) located at both ends of the second anchoring channel (3), and a plurality of stress gauges (7) are provided on the anchor cables / rods (6) in the first anchoring holes (41) and the second anchoring holes (42).

4. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advance anchoring structure as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent strain gauges (7) on the same anchor cable / rod (6) gradually increases from bottom to top, wherein the strain gauge (7) located at the upper end of the anchor cable / rod (6) contacts the bottom of the second anchoring channel (3), and the strain gauge (7) located at the lower end of the anchor cable / rod (6) contacts the top arch of the underground powerhouse (1).

5. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advance anchoring structure as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The monitoring holes (5) comprise a first monitoring hole (51), one of the first monitoring holes (51) being arranged between two adjacent second anchor holes (42), and a plurality of multi-point displacement meters (8) being arranged in the first monitoring hole (51).

6. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent multi-point displacement meters (8) in the same first monitoring hole (51) gradually increases from bottom to top, wherein the multi-point displacement meter (8) located at the upper end of the first monitoring hole (51) contacts the bottom of the second anchoring channel (3), and the multi-point displacement meter (8) located at the lower end of the first monitoring hole (51) contacts the top arch of the underground powerhouse (1).

7. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The monitoring hole (5) further comprises a second monitoring hole (52), wherein one of the second monitoring holes (52) is disposed between two adjacent first anchor holes (41) in the first anchor channel (2), wherein a plurality of acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes (9) are disposed in each of the second monitoring holes (52) close to the center of the first anchor channel (2), and a movable drilling sound wave / television (10) is disposed in each of the remaining second monitoring holes (52).

8. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent acoustic emission / microseismic monitoring probes (9) in the same second monitoring hole (52) gradually increases from bottom to top.

9. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first anchoring channel (2) and the second anchoring channel (3) are both city gate type channels and the width and height of both are not less than 4m.

10. The super-high and large-span underground powerhouse monitoring and advanced anchoring structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the first anchoring channel (2) is 0.9 to 0.95 times the length of the underground powerhouse (1), and the length of the second anchoring channel (3) is 0.9 to 0.95 times the width of the underground powerhouse (1).

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