Boarding and alighting pedal and automobile
By setting snaps and mounting brackets on the mounting surface of the load and exit pedal to avoid the use surface, the problem of user pedal damage is solved, and the installation strength and service life between the pedal and the car is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421467010.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-25
AI Technical Summary
When users use the pedal on and off the vehicle, they are prone to destroy the coating on the bolts, causing the bolts to lose their corrosion resistance and affect the installation and fixation between the pedals and the car.
A loading and dropping pedal is designed to avoid the use surface by providing a first connection member (such as a snap) and a second connection member (such as a mounting bracket) on the mounting surface, thereby preventing damage from trampling and improving the installation strength.
It effectively prevents damage to the connector, improves the installation strength between the pedal and the car, and extends the service life.
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Figure CN222820004U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automobile accessories, and in particular to a step for getting on and off a vehicle and a vehicle. Background Art
[0002] A step is usually a step installed on the side of a vehicle to help passengers get in or out of the vehicle. The design of the step can be in different forms, such as fixed steps and retractable steps.
[0003] The related technology of the on-and-off pedal includes a plate body with a mounting hole passing through the plate body. Bolts pass through the mounting hole and are threadedly connected to the door sill reinforcement plate of the car, so that the plate body is fixed to the side of the car. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the bolts, a corrosion-resistant coating is usually applied to the bolts.
[0004] However, when users constantly use the pedal to get on and off the vehicle, the coating on the bolts is easily damaged, causing the bolts to lose their corrosion resistance and affecting the installation and fixation between the pedal and the vehicle. Utility Model Content
[0005] The present application provides a pedal for getting on and off a vehicle and a vehicle, so as to solve the technical problem in the related art that the coating of the bolts is damaged when users use the pedal for getting on and off a vehicle, thereby affecting the installation and fixation between the pedal and the vehicle.
[0006] On the one hand, the present application provides a pedal for getting on and off a vehicle, including a pedal body, a first connecting member and a second connecting member. The pedal body has a use surface and an installation surface. The use surface is used for a user to step on when getting on and off a vehicle. The installation surface is located on the side of the pedal body away from the use surface. The first connecting member is arranged on the installation surface, and the first connecting member is used to clamp or disengage the pedal body from the door sill reinforcement plate of the vehicle. The second connecting member is arranged on the edge of the pedal body close to the vehicle, and the second connecting member is used to install the pedal body on the side outer panel of the vehicle.
[0007] In some embodiments, the first connecting member includes at least one buckle, and the buckle is configured to engage with or disengage from the threshold reinforcement plate when the pedal body approaches or moves away from the threshold reinforcement plate to fix or detach the pedal body from the threshold reinforcement plate.
[0008] In some embodiments, the second connecting member includes at least two mounting brackets, the mounting brackets are disposed on a side of the pedal body close to the car, and the mounting brackets are connected to the side outer panel.
[0009] In some embodiments, there is one buckle, and two mounting brackets are provided. The connecting line between the buckle and the mounting bracket is arranged in a triangle shape, and the buckle is located between the two mounting brackets.
[0010] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket includes a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate is arranged at the edge of the pedal body, and the first connecting plate is used to connect to the side outer plate, the second connecting plate is integrally arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate away from the mounting surface, and the second connecting plate is arranged on both sides of the first connecting plate.
[0011] In some embodiments, a plurality of reinforcing plates are further included, wherein the reinforcing plates are disposed between the pedal body and the first connecting plate, the reinforcing plates are connected to the mounting surface, and the reinforcing plates extend toward the position where the first connecting plate is located and are connected to the first connecting plate.
[0012] In some embodiments, a plurality of grooves are provided on the use surface, and the grooves are used to increase the friction force when the user uses the pedal body.
[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of weight-reducing openings are provided on the pedal body, and the weight-reducing openings are provided through the pedal body in a direction perpendicular to the pedal body.
[0014] In some embodiments, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are provided on the mounting surface.
[0015] On the other hand, the present application provides a car, including a car body and the above-mentioned boarding and exiting pedals arranged on the car body.
[0016] The present application provides a pedal for getting on and off a vehicle and a vehicle. The pedal for getting on and off a vehicle provided by the present application sets a first connecting member on a mounting surface so that the first connecting member avoids the use surface, thereby preventing the user from continuously stepping on the first connecting member to cause damage to the first connecting member, indirectly improving the use strength of the first connecting member, and improving the installation strength of the first connecting member to the pedal body and the door sill reinforcement plate; sets a second connecting member on the edge of the pedal body close to the vehicle so that the second connecting member avoids the use surface, thereby preventing the user from continuously stepping on the second connecting member to cause damage to the second connecting member, indirectly improving the use strength of the second connecting member, and improving the installation strength of the second connecting member to the pedal body and the side outer panel; through the cooperation between the first connecting member and the second connecting member, the installation strength of the pedal body installed on the vehicle is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the boarding and alighting pedal provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure from another angle.
[0020] Description of reference numerals:
[0021] 100, pedal body; 110, use surface; 111, groove; 120, installation surface; 121, reinforcement rib; 130, weight reduction opening;
[0022] 200, first connecting member; 210, buckle; 211, clamping block;
[0023] 300, second connecting member; 310, mounting bracket; 311, first connecting plate; 312, second connecting plate;
[0024] 400. Reinforcement plate.
[0025] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.
[0027] As described in the background technology, the related technology of the on-and-off pedal includes a plate body with a mounting hole passing through the plate body. Bolts pass through the mounting hole and are threadedly connected to the door sill reinforcement plate of the car, so that the plate body is fixed to the side of the car. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the bolts, a corrosion-resistant coating is usually applied to the bolts.
[0028] However, when users constantly use the pedal to get on and off the vehicle, the coating on the bolts is easily damaged, causing the bolts to lose their corrosion resistance. When the coating on the bolts is damaged, the pedal is exposed to the outside of the vehicle. For example, if it rains frequently, rainwater will wash away the bolts, causing them to corrode. When the bolts corrode and lose their installation performance, the pedal will shake or be damaged, affecting the installation and fixation between the pedal and the vehicle.
[0029] In response to the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a pedal for getting on and off the vehicle and a car. By setting a buckle on the installation surface of the pedal body, the buckle avoids the use surface of the pedal body, thereby preventing the user from stepping on the buckle to cause damage to the buckle, and preventing the buckle from being stepped on and losing its anti-corrosion performance, the installation strength between the pedal body and the threshold reinforcement plate is improved, and the setting of the buckle facilitates the fixing of the pedal body to the threshold reinforcement plate; by setting the mounting bracket at the edge of the pedal body close to the car, the mounting bracket avoids the use surface of the pedal body, thereby preventing the user from stepping on the mounting bracket to cause damage to the mounting bracket, and preventing the mounting bracket from being stepped on and losing its anti-corrosion performance, the pedal body can be fixed to the side outer panel of the car through the mounting bracket, thereby improving the fixing strength of the pedal body to the car.
[0030] The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0031] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A pedal for getting on and off a vehicle comprises a pedal body 100, a first connecting member 200 and a second connecting member 300. The pedal body 100 has a use surface 110 and a mounting surface 120. The use surface 110 is used for a user to step on when getting on and off a vehicle. The mounting surface 120 is located on a side of the pedal body 100 away from the use surface 110. The first connecting member 200 is arranged on the mounting surface 120, and the first connecting member 200 is used to clamp or disengage the pedal body 100 from a door sill reinforcement plate 400 of a vehicle. The second connecting member 300 is arranged at an edge of the pedal body 100 close to the vehicle, and the second connecting member 300 is used to mount the pedal body 100 on a side outer panel of the vehicle.
[0032] In the present embodiment, the pedal body 100 is arranged in a plate shape as a whole, and the pedal body 100 is arranged in a rectangular shape as a whole. The width of the rectangular pedal body 100 gradually decreases from the direction close to the side outer panel, so that the user can step on the side with a larger width, and the side with a smaller width is convenient for connecting with the side outer panel of the car; the four corners of the rectangular pedal body 100 are provided with rounded corners to prevent the rounded corners from causing harm to the user; in other embodiments, the pedal body 100 can be set to a block shape, or the shape of the pedal body 100 can be adjusted as needed, for example, the pedal body 100 can be set to other shapes such as a circle.
[0033] In this embodiment, the pedal body 100 is configured to be made of plastic, and the pedal body 100 is configured to be made of low-carbon recycled PC raw materials, PC raw materials, ABS raw materials and additives mixed in appropriate proportions to form a low-carbon recycled PC+ABS material by injection molding; PC is a thermoplastic polymer composed of bisphenol A and carbonate monomers connected by carbonate groups; ABS is a thermoplastic polymer formed by copolymerization of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.
[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, by arranging the first connecting member 200 on the installation surface 120, the first connecting member 200 avoids the use surface 110, thereby preventing the user from constantly stepping on the first connecting member 200 to damage the first connecting member 200, indirectly improving the use strength of the first connecting member 200, and improving the installation strength of the first connecting member 200 between the pedal body 100 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400; by arranging the second connecting member 300 at the edge of the pedal body 100 close to the car, the second connecting member 300 avoids the use surface 110, thereby preventing the user from constantly stepping on the second connecting member 300 to damage the second connecting member 300, indirectly improving the use strength of the second connecting member 300, and improving the installation strength of the second connecting member 300 between the pedal body 100 and the side outer plate; by the cooperation between the first connecting member 200 and the second connecting member 300, the installation strength of the pedal body 100 installed on the car is improved; by arranging the pedal body 100 to be made of plastic, the weight of the pedal body 100 is reduced, and the pedal body 100 is easy to manufacture.
[0035] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first connecting member 200 includes at least one buckle 210, and the buckle 210 is configured to be engaged with or disengaged from the threshold reinforcement plate 400 when the pedal body 100 approaches or moves away from the threshold reinforcement plate 400, so as to fix or detach the pedal body 100 from the threshold reinforcement plate 400.
[0036] In this embodiment, the buckle 210 includes two relatively arranged clamping blocks 211, and clamping grooves can be set on the opposite surfaces of the two clamping blocks 211. By setting a mounting block on the threshold reinforcement plate 400, when the pedal body 100 is close to the threshold reinforcement plate 400, the mounting block can be moved between the two clamping blocks 211 and clamped into the clamping grooves on both sides, so that the buckle 210 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400 are clamped; or a mounting rod is set on the threshold reinforcement plate 400, and the mounting rod is moved between the two clamping blocks 211 and clamped into the clamping grooves on both sides, which can also realize the clamping between the buckle 210 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400.
[0037] By adopting the above technical solution and the setting of the snap 210, when the pedal body 100 is close to the threshold reinforcement plate 400, it can automatically snap into the threshold reinforcement plate 400, thereby realizing the installation and fixation between the pedal body 100 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400, and improving the convenience of installation between the pedal body 100 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400.
[0038] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second connecting member 300 includes at least two mounting brackets 310. The mounting brackets 310 are arranged on a side of the pedal body 100 close to the car, and the mounting brackets 310 are connected to the side outer panel.
[0039] In this embodiment, the mounting bracket 310 is fixedly connected to the side outer panel by welding, or the mounting bracket 310 is fixedly connected to the side outer panel by bolting; in other embodiments, the mounting bracket 310 and the side outer panel can also be fixed by gluing.
[0040] By adopting the above technical solution and the setting of the mounting bracket 310, the mounting bracket 310 can connect the pedal body 100 and the side outer panel, thereby improving the fixing strength between the pedal body 100 and the car.
[0041] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 One buckle 210 is provided, two mounting brackets 310 are provided, and the connecting line between the buckle 210 and the mounting bracket 310 is arranged in a triangle shape, and the buckle 210 is located between the two mounting brackets 310 .
[0042] In this embodiment, two mounting brackets 310 are arranged on the edge of the pedal body 100 close to the side outer panel and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the edge of the pedal body 100; the buckle 210 is arranged on the perpendicular bisector of the line connecting the two mounting brackets 310, and the line connecting the buckle 210 and the mounting bracket 310 is arranged in an equilateral triangle, and the buckle 210 is arranged on the mounting surface 120 and is located on the side away from the side outer panel; in other embodiments, the number of buckles 210 and mounting brackets 310 can be adaptively adjusted as needed, for example, the mounting brackets 310 are adjusted to four along the edge of the pedal body 100, and the buckles 210 are arranged to two, and the buckles 210 can be distributed one by one in the direction close to the side outer panel.
[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting the connecting line between the buckle 210 and the mounting bracket 310 in a triangular shape, the buckle 210 and the mounting bracket 310 distributed at the three vertices of the triangle further improve the installation strength of the pedal body 100, preventing the user from continuously stepping on the pedal body 100 and causing the connection between the pedal body 100 and the car to break.
[0044] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The mounting bracket 310 includes a first connecting plate 311 and a second connecting plate 312. The first connecting plate 311 is arranged at the edge of the pedal body 100, and the first connecting plate 311 is used to connect to the side outer plate. The second connecting plate 312 is integrally arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate 311 away from the mounting surface 120, and the second connecting plate 312 is arranged on both sides of the first connecting plate 311.
[0045] In this embodiment, the first connecting plate 311 is arranged in a rectangular shape as a whole, and two second connecting plates 312 are provided. The two second connecting plates 312 are arranged along the length direction of the two side edges of the first connecting plate 311. The thickness of the first connecting plate 311 is the same as the thickness of the pedal body 100, and the second connecting plate 312 is arranged higher than the pedal body 100; the first connecting plate 311 is integrally arranged with the pedal body 100; in other embodiments, the two second connecting plates 312 can be crossed and integrally arranged on the first connecting plate 311, so that the second connecting plates 312 can also improve the strength of the first connecting plate 311; the mounting bracket 310 can also be set to be made of metal material, and the mounting bracket 310 and the pedal body 100 are connected by gluing.
[0046] By adopting the above technical solution, the first connecting plate 311 is set so that the first connecting plate 311 can be connected to the side outer plate, and the first connecting plate 311 located at the edge of the pedal body 100 can avoid the use surface 110, thereby preventing the user from stepping on the first connecting plate 311 and causing damage to the first connecting plate 311; by integrally arranging the second connecting plate 312 on the first connecting plate 311, the second connecting plate 312 increases the strength of the first connecting plate 311, thereby preventing the first connecting plate 311 from breaking, and indirectly improving the fixing strength of the mounting bracket 310 to the pedal body 100.
[0047] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The boarding and alighting pedal further includes a plurality of reinforcing plates 400 , which are disposed between the pedal body 100 and the first connecting plate 311 , are connected to the mounting surface 120 , and extend toward the location of the first connecting plate 311 and are connected to the first connecting plate 311 .
[0048] In this embodiment, three reinforcing plates 400 are provided, and the three reinforcing plates 400 are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals. The three reinforcing plates 400 can be integrally provided with the pedal body 100, or the three reinforcing plates 400 can be provided to be made of a material different from the pedal body 100, such as metal. By adhering the metal reinforcing plates 400 to the pedal body 100 and the first connecting plate 311, the strength of the first connecting plate 311 can also be improved; the three reinforcing plates 400 are evenly distributed along the width direction of the first connecting plate 311.
[0049] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, by connecting the reinforcing plate 400 to the pedal body 100 and the first connecting plate 311 at the same time, the reinforcing plate 400 further improves the connection strength between the first connecting plate 311 and the pedal body 100, thereby further improving the installation strength between the pedal body 100 and the side outer plate, preventing the mounting bracket 310 from breaking; and the reinforcing plate 400 is set on the mounting surface 120 to prevent the user from stepping on the reinforcing plate 400 and causing damage to the reinforcing plate 400.
[0050] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A plurality of grooves 111 are provided on the use surface 110 , and the grooves 111 are used to increase the friction force when the user uses the pedal body 100 .
[0051] In this embodiment, the groove 111 includes a groove body and a protrusion. The groove body is opened on the pedal body 100 in a direction perpendicular to the pedal body 100. The bottom wall of the groove body is closed. There are multiple protrusions, and the multiple protrusions are distributed in the groove body. In other embodiments, a rubber pad can also be arranged in the groove body, and the friction can also be improved by the rubber pad.
[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, the groove 111 is provided to increase the friction when the user steps on the pedal body 100, thereby preventing the user from slipping on the pedal body 100 and improving the safety of the pedal body 100 when in use.
[0053] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A plurality of weight-reducing openings 130 are provided on the pedal body 100 , and the weight-reducing openings 130 are provided through the pedal body 100 in a direction perpendicular to the pedal body 100 .
[0054] In the present embodiment, four weight reduction openings 130 are provided, one weight reduction opening 130 is provided on the side close to the side outer plate, and three weight reduction openings 130 are provided on the side away from the side outer plate. The shapes of the weight reduction openings 130 can be adaptively adjusted as needed, for example, the weight reduction openings 130 can be set to a parallelogram or an isosceles trapezoid, etc.; in other embodiments, the number of the weight reduction openings 130 can be adaptively adjusted as needed.
[0055] By adopting the above technical solution and setting a plurality of weight-reducing openings 130 , the weight of the entire pedal body 100 is reduced, and the amount of raw materials used in the production of the pedal body 100 is saved.
[0056] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A plurality of reinforcing ribs 121 are provided on the mounting surface 120 .
[0057] In this embodiment, the reinforcing rib 121 includes a plurality of rod bodies that are integrally arranged and cross each other horizontally and vertically. The rod bodies are integrally arranged with the pedal body 100. The plurality of rod bodies that cross each other horizontally and vertically are distributed on the entire mounting surface 120. A plurality of rectangular frames are formed between the plurality of rod bodies that cross each other horizontally and vertically. In other embodiments, the reinforcing rib 121 can also be made of a material different from that of the pedal body 100, such as metal. By embedding the metal reinforcing rib 121 in the pedal body 100, the strength of the entire pedal body 100 can also be improved.
[0058] By adopting the above technical solution and disposing a plurality of reinforcing ribs 121 , the strength of the entire pedal body 100 is improved, thereby extending the service life of the pedal body 100 .
[0059] A car comprises a car body and a boarding and getting-on pedal of any one of the above embodiments arranged on the car body.
[0060] Among them, the specific structure of the boarding and exiting pedals has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.
[0061] By arranging the buckle 210 on the mounting surface 120 of the pedal body 100, the buckle 210 avoids the use surface 110 of the pedal body 100, thereby preventing the user from stepping on the buckle 210 to cause damage to the buckle 210, and preventing the buckle 210 from being stepped on and losing its anti-corrosion performance, thereby improving the mounting strength between the pedal body 100 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400, and the arrangement of the buckle 210 facilitates the fixation of the pedal body 100 and the threshold reinforcement plate 400; by arranging the mounting bracket 310 at the edge of the pedal body 100 close to the car, the mounting bracket 310 avoids the use surface 110 of the pedal body 100, thereby preventing the user from stepping on the mounting bracket 310 to cause damage to the mounting bracket 310, and preventing the mounting bracket 310 from being stepped on and losing its anti-corrosion performance, the pedal body 100 can be fixed to the side outer panel of the car through the mounting bracket 310, thereby improving the fixing strength of the pedal body 100 to the car.
[0062] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the utility model disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present application, which follow the general principles of the present application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the following claims.
[0063] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A step for getting on and off a vehicle, characterized in that: The pedal body comprises a pedal body, a first connecting member and a second connecting member, wherein the pedal body comprises a use surface and a mounting surface, wherein the use surface is used for a user to step on when getting on or off a vehicle, and the mounting surface is located on a side of the pedal body away from the use surface, the first connecting member is arranged on the mounting surface, and the first connecting member is used to clamp or disengage the pedal body from a door sill reinforcement plate of a vehicle, and the second connecting member is arranged on an edge of the pedal body close to the vehicle, and the second connecting member is used to mount the pedal body on a side outer panel of the vehicle.
2. The boarding and exiting pedal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting member includes at least one buckle, and the buckle is configured to be engaged with or disengaged from the threshold reinforcement plate when the pedal body approaches or moves away from the threshold reinforcement plate, so as to fix or disengage the pedal body from the threshold reinforcement plate.
3. The step for getting on and off a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second connecting member includes at least two mounting brackets, the mounting brackets are arranged on a side of the pedal body close to the car, and the mounting brackets are connected to the side outer plate.
4. The boarding and exiting pedal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The buckle is provided with one, the mounting brackets are provided with two, the connecting line between the buckle and the mounting bracket is arranged in a triangle, and the buckle is located between the two mounting brackets.
5. The boarding and exiting pedal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting bracket includes a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, the first connecting plate is arranged at the edge of the pedal body, and the first connecting plate is used to connect to the side outer plate, the second connecting plate is integrally arranged on the surface of the first connecting plate away from the mounting surface, and the second connecting plate is arranged on both sides of the first connecting plate.
6. The step for getting on and off a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of reinforcing plates, which are arranged between the pedal body and the first connecting plate, connected to the mounting surface, and extending toward the position where the first connecting plate is located and connected to the first connecting plate.
7. The boarding and exiting pedal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The use surface is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the grooves are used to increase the friction force when the user uses the pedal body.
8. The boarding and exiting pedal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pedal body is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing openings, and the weight-reducing openings penetrate the pedal body in a direction perpendicular to the pedal body.
9. The boarding and exiting pedal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged on the mounting surface.
10. An automobile, characterized in that: It comprises a vehicle body and an on-and-off pedal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 arranged on the vehicle body.