Miniature seedling culture experiment box

Abstract

The utility model provides a miniature seedling culture experiment box which comprises a shell, an air circulation system, a cultivation mechanism, a water supply and drainage system, a temperature and humidity sensor and a control unit. A cultivation space and an air mixing layer are arranged in the shell, a partition plate is arranged between the cultivation space and the air mixing layer, vertical beams are arranged on the two sides of the cultivation space respectively, a plurality of cross beams arranged from top to bottom are arranged in the cultivation space, the cultivation space is divided into a plurality of cultivation layers, a plurality of longitudinally-arranged through holes are formed in the vertical beams, and the two ends of each cross beam are connected with the through holes respectively. The air circulation system comprises an air conditioner, a fan and a fan; the air conditioner and the fan are arranged on the air mixing layer, and the fan is arranged in the cultivation space; the cultivation mechanism and the water supply and drainage system are arranged in the cultivation space; the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting temperature and humidity of the cultivation space and transmitting the temperature and humidity to the control unit; according to the utility model, accurate regulation and control of temperature and humidity can be realized, so that interlayer and in-layer microenvironments in the seedling culture experiment box are more uniform, and the seedling culture experiment box is suitable for seedling culture of various types of crop varieties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a micro-seedling-raising experimental box. Background Technique

[0002] Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light play a very important role in seedling raising. Understanding the response mechanism of seedling growth to environmental factors is crucial for improving the planting system, increasing crop yield, and ensuring crop quality. The experimental seedling-raising box is a key tool for exploring the interaction between seedling growth and environmental factors. The experimental seedling-raising box plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the seed germination rate, improving the seedling-raising success rate, determining the plant growth law and its response to environmental factors.

[0003] However, the existing experimental seedling-raising boxes have the following deficiencies: 1. Most of them are designed with a fixed layer height. If the layer spacing is too large, the seedlings will not receive sufficient light; if it is too small, it will cause seedling burning, and it cannot adapt to the cultivation of various vegetable seedlings; 2. The temperature and humidity regulation is single, resulting in poor uniformity of the microenvironment between and within the layers inside the seedling-raising box, and it cannot meet the requirements of scientific research for multiple varieties, multiple factors, and uniform stability. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] Aiming at the above technical problems, the utility model provides a micro-seedling-raising experimental box, which makes the microenvironment between and within the layers inside the seedling-raising experimental box more uniform and can be applicable to the seedling raising of various types of crop varieties.

[0005] The utility model realizes the above technical purpose through the following technical means.

[0006] A micro-seedling-raising experimental box includes a housing, an air circulation system, a cultivation mechanism, a water supply and drainage system, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a control unit;

[0007] A cultivation space and a mixing air layer are arranged inside the housing. A partition is provided between the cultivation space and the mixing air layer. Vertical beams are respectively arranged on both sides of the cultivation space. A plurality of cross beams arranged from top to bottom are arranged inside the cultivation space, dividing the cultivation space into multiple cultivation layers. A plurality of through holes arranged longitudinally are provided on the vertical beams, and both ends of the cross beam are respectively connected to the through holes;

[0008] The air circulation system includes an air conditioner, a blower, and a fan; the air conditioner and the blower are arranged in the mixing air layer, and the fan is arranged in the cultivation space;

[0009] The cultivation mechanism and the water supply and drainage system are arranged inside the cultivation space;

[0010] The temperature and humidity sensor is installed outside the housing and inside the cultivation space;

[0011] The control unit is respectively connected to the air circulation system, the cultivation mechanism, the water supply and drainage system, and the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0012] In the above solution, the fan is detachably installed in the cultivation space through a fan mounting plate.

[0013] In the above solution, the air blower is a two-way flow air blower, which includes a suspension rod, a first air inlet pipe, a second air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, an air blower main body and an air outlet pipe;

[0014] One end of the suspension rod is connected to the ear seat of the air blower main body, and the other end is connected to the outer shell, so that the air blower main body is installed in the air mixing layer of the outer shell; the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are installed on one side of the air blower main body, and the exhaust pipe and the air outlet pipe are installed on the other side of the air blower main body; air ducts are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer shell; one end of the first air inlet pipe is communicated with the outside, and the other end is communicated with one end of the air outlet pipe, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is communicated with the air duct on one side of the outer shell; one end of the second air inlet pipe is communicated with the air duct on the other side of the outer shell, and the other end is communicated with one end of the exhaust pipe, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with the outside.

[0015] In the above solution, a cultivation mechanism is provided on each cultivation layer, and the cultivation mechanism includes a plurality of cultivation tanks, pressure sensors, a plurality of square pipes and liquid level sensors;

[0016] Both sides of the cultivation tank are respectively connected to the square pipes, and both ends of the square pipes are connected to the cross beam, so that the cultivation tank is laid flat on the cross beam; a water inlet and outlet is provided at the bottom of the cultivation tank, and the pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor are arranged on the same cultivation tank, and the pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor are respectively connected to the control unit.

[0017] Further, the cultivation tank includes a cultivation tank outer shell and a water leakage plate, and the water leakage plate is arranged in the cultivation tank outer shell for placing the seedling tray; the bottom inside the cultivation tank outer shell is high on one side and low on the other side.

[0018] In the above solution, the square pipes include a first square pipe and a second square pipe, and the cultivation tank includes at least two first cultivation tanks and one second cultivation tank;

[0019] The two first cultivation tanks are arranged on both sides of the second cultivation tank, the second square pipes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second cultivation tank and on both sides of one of the first cultivation tanks, a liquid level sensor is arranged in the other first cultivation tank, and first square pipes are arranged on both sides, and pressure sensors are respectively arranged at both ends of the first square pipe;

[0020] The first cultivation tank is provided with one water inlet and outlet at the bottom, and the second cultivation tank is provided with three water inlet and outlets at the bottom, and two of the water inlet and outlets are respectively connected to the first cultivation tanks on both sides through first hoses, and the remaining one water inlet and outlet is connected to the water supply and drainage system.

[0021] In the above solution, a monitoring mechanism is further included. The monitoring structure includes a mounting bracket, a first connecting bolt, a camera, and a movable bracket. The mounting bracket is connected to the vertical beam. The mounting bracket and the movable bracket are connected by the first connecting bolt, and the movable bracket is linked to the camera. The camera is used to photograph the plug seedlings in the cultivation space.

[0022] In the above solution, an artificial light source structure is further included. The artificial light source structure is arranged on the cultivation layer. The artificial light source structure includes a second connecting bolt, an LED lamp board, and a third square tube. Square tubes are provided on both sides of the LED lamp board, and both ends of the square tube are connected to the cross beam by the second connecting bolt. The LED lamp board uses three types of LED lamp beads: red, blue, and white.

[0023] In the above solution, the water supply and drainage system includes a number of second hoses, a water pump, a water inlet pipe, a water supply solenoid valve, a drainage pipe, a drainage solenoid valve, a tee, an interlayer water supply hose, and an interlayer solenoid valve.

[0024] One end of the second hose is connected to the interlayer solenoid valve, and the other end is connected to the middle water inlet and outlet at the bottom of the cultivation tank. Each interlayer solenoid valve is respectively communicated with the interlayer water supply hose. The bottom end of the interlayer water supply hose is respectively connected to the water supply solenoid valve and the drainage solenoid valve through a tee. The other side of the drainage solenoid valve is connected to the drainage pipe 12 - 5. The other end of the water supply solenoid valve is connected to the water pump, and the water pump is connected with a water inlet pipe.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0026] 1. The fan - air conditioner - fan air circulation system of the present utility model can maintain the stability of the temperature and humidity in the cultivation environment of the seedling raising box in different seasons by adjusting the air intake of the fan, the temperature of the air conditioner, and the rotation speed of each layer of fans, ensuring stable seedling raising throughout the year.

[0027] 2. The cultivation tank based on the communicating vessel effect of the present utility model can supply water to different cultivation tanks on the same layer through one water supply port, and the overall water supply can be completed by one water supply pipe, effectively simplifying the complexity of the water supply system.

[0028] 3. The present utility model can adjust the position of the adjustable cross beam on the support beam and set intervals for adjustment and installation to adapt to the environmental requirements for raising seedlings of crops with different heights, avoiding insufficient light caused by excessive height or seedling burning caused by too low height.

[0029] 4. The fan mounting plate of the present utility model adopts a replaceable structure, which can be replaced under the condition of separating the air duct and the cultivation environment to meet the requirements for the required number of layers and layer heights.

[0030] 5. The monitoring structure of the present utility model can adjust the angle to facilitate viewing the growth of seedlings on each cultivation layer.

[0031] 6. The pressure sensor and the liquid level sensor of the present utility model work together to achieve automatic water supply and limit the water supply height, saving the time of the staff and ensuring the stability of the irrigation time and the liquid supply height.

[0032] 7. The present utility model makes the microenvironment inside the seedling cultivation experimental box more uniform between layers and within layers, and is applicable to the seedling cultivation of various types of crop varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a partial perspective schematic diagram of the structure of a micro seedling cultivation experimental box according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 is a front view schematic diagram of a micro seedling cultivation experimental box according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fan according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 4 is a connection schematic diagram of a vertical beam and a cross beam according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fan mounting plate according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cultivation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the first cultivation grooves according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cultivation groove housing and a water leakage plate according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0041] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another first cultivation groove according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0042] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second cultivation groove according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0043] Figure 11 is a bottom view schematic diagram of a cultivation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0044] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0045] Figure 13 is a bottom view schematic diagram of an artificial light source structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0046] Figure 14 It is a schematic structural diagram of a water supply and drainage system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0047] Figure 15 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of a cultivation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0048] In the figure: 1. Air conditioner; 2. Fan; 2-1. Suspension rod; 2-2. First air inlet pipe; 2-3. Second air inlet pipe; 2-4. Exhaust pipe; 2-5. Fan main body; 2-6. Air outlet pipe; 3. Side plate; 4. Fan mounting plate; 4-1. Thermal insulation board; 4-2. Fixed angle piece; 4-3. Fan connecting piece; 5. Fan; 6. Cultivation mechanism; 6-1. Pressure sensor; 6-2. First square pipe; 6-3. Second square pipe; 6-4. First cultivation tank; 6-4-1. Cultivation tank housing; 6-4-2. Leakage plate; 6-5. Second cultivation tank; 6-6. Liquid level sensor; 6-8. First hose; 7. Monitoring structure; 7-1. Mounting bracket; 7-2. First connecting bolt; 7-3. Camera; 7-4. Movable bracket; 8. Artificial light source structure; 8-1. Second connecting bolt; 8-2. LED lamp board; 8-3. Third square pipe; 9. Vertical beam; 10. Universal wheel; 11. Cross beam; 12. Water supply and drainage system; 12-1. Second hose; 12-2. Water pump; 12-3. Water inlet pipe; 12-4. Water supply solenoid valve; 12-5. Drainage pipe; 12-6. Drainage solenoid valve; 12-7. Three-way pipe; 12-9. Interlayer water supply hose; 12-10. Interlayer solenoid valve; 13. Partition board; 14. Outer shell; 15. Temperature and humidity sensor; 16. Distribution box; 17. Air conditioner outdoor unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present utility model, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0050] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined. In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected to", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] Figure 1 and 2 Shown is a preferred embodiment of the micro-seedling cultivation experimental box. The micro-seedling cultivation experimental box includes a housing 14, an air circulation system, a cultivation mechanism, a water supply and drainage system 12, a temperature and humidity sensor 15, and a control unit.

[0052] A cultivation space and a mixing air layer are arranged inside the housing 14. A partition 13 is provided between the cultivation space and the mixing air layer. Vertical beams 9 are respectively provided on both sides of the cultivation space. A plurality of cross beams 11 arranged from top to bottom are provided in the cultivation space, dividing the cultivation space into a plurality of cultivation layers. A plurality of through holes arranged longitudinally are provided on the vertical beams 9, and both ends of the cross beam 11 are respectively connected to the through holes, as Figure 4 shown.

[0053] The air circulation system includes an air conditioner 1, a blower 2, and a fan 5; the air conditioner 1 and the blower 2 are arranged in the mixing air layer, and the fan 5 is arranged in the cultivation space; through the blower-air conditioner-fan air circulation system, the temperature and humidity of the cultivation environment in the seedling cultivation box can be maintained stable in different seasons by adjusting the air intake of the blower, the temperature of the air conditioner, and the rotation speeds of the fans on each layer, ensuring stable seedling cultivation throughout the year.

[0054] The cultivation mechanism and the water supply and drainage system 12 are arranged in the cultivation space. The cultivation mechanism can detect the water level signal of the cultivation layer and feedback it to the control unit, and the control unit controls the water supply and drainage system 12 to supply and drain water to the cultivation mechanism;

[0055] The temperature and humidity sensor 15 is used to detect the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space and transmit them to the control unit;

[0056] The control unit is respectively connected to the air circulation system, the cultivation mechanism, the water supply and drainage system 12 and the temperature and humidity sensor 15; when the temperature and humidity detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 15 are not within the preset range, the control unit controls the air circulation system to adjust the temperature and humidity of the cultivation space, and when the water level signal in the cultivation layer detected by the cultivation mechanism is not within the preset range, the control unit controls the water supply and drainage system 12 to supply and drain water.

[0057] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, the uppermost part of the micro-seedling cultivation experimental box is a mixed air layer, and the air introduced by the fan 2 is temperature-adjusted by the air conditioner 1; the lower part is a plug seedling cultivation space, which is divided into 3 cultivation layers; the left and right sides are air ducts, connecting the mixed air layer and the cultivation space.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, it further includes a side plate 3, and the side plate 3 is vertically installed and connects the outer shell 14 and the partition plate 13.

[0059] The micro-seedling cultivation experimental box exchanges air with the outside world only through the fan 2. As Figure 3 shown, the fan 2 is a two-way flow fan, including a suspension rod 2-1, a first air inlet pipe 2-2, a second air inlet pipe 2-3, an exhaust pipe 2-4, a fan main body 2-5 and an air outlet pipe 2-6;

[0060] One end of the suspension rod 2-1 is connected to the ear seat of the fan main body 2-5, and the other end is connected to the outer shell 14, so that the fan main body 2-5 is installed in the mixed air layer of the outer shell 14; the first air inlet pipe 2-2 and the second air inlet pipe 2-3 are installed on one side of the fan main body 2-5, and the exhaust pipe 2-4 and the air outlet pipe 2-6 are installed on the other side of the fan main body 2-5; air ducts are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer shell 14; one end of the first air inlet pipe 2-2 is communicated with the outside, and the other end is communicated with one end of the air outlet pipe 2-6, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 2-6 is communicated with the air duct on one side of the outer shell 14; one end of the second air inlet pipe 2-3 is communicated with the air duct on the other side of the outer shell 14, and the other end is communicated with one end of the exhaust pipe 2-4, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 2-4 is communicated with the outside.

[0061] Preferably, temperature and humidity sensors 15 are installed at the middle of each cultivation layer and near the first air inlet pipe 2-2 and the second air inlet pipe 2-3 at the top close to the two-way flow fan.

[0062] The growth heights of seedlings of different crops vary. To adapt to the growth of plug seedlings of different varieties, the micro-seedling cultivation box can adjust the height of the cultivation layer by moving the cross beam 11 in the vertical direction of the vertical beam 9. As Figure 4 shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, through holes are designed on the vertical beam 9 at intervals of 50 mm. The vertical beam 9 and the cross beam 11 are connected by bolts. The adjustment range of the cultivation layer height is 50 - 350 mm. The present invention can adjust the position of the cross beam 11 on the support beam, and set intervals for adjustment and installation to adapt to the environmental requirements for the cultivation of crops of different heights, and avoid the phenomenon of insufficient light caused by excessive height or burning of seedlings caused by too low height.

[0063] Preferably, the fan 5 is a PWM fan. The air flow exchange in the left and right air ducts and the cultivation space is only carried out through the PWM fan. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, 3 PWM fans are installed in each of the fan mounting plates 4 on both sides of each cultivation layer. In the cultivation space, due to the action of gravity, the hot air flow will flow upward, and the water vapor will deposit downward, resulting in the temperature and humidity showing the trends of high on the upper side and low on the lower side and low on the upper side and high on the lower side respectively. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal to adjust the rotation speed, the rotation speeds of the PWM fans in each cultivation layer can be adjusted respectively, so as to adjust the temperature and humidity distribution in the cultivation space, making the temperature and humidity distribution in the cultivation space uniform and creating a suitable temperature and humidity for the cultivation of plug seedlings. At the same time, by adjusting the rotation speeds of each PWM fan, the temperature and humidity distribution in the cultivation space under different air flow circulation modes can be studied.

[0064] As Figure 5 shown, the fan 5 is detachably installed in the cultivation space through the fan mounting plate 4. Preferably, the fan mounting plates 4 are symmetrically installed on the vertical beam 9 and are located on both sides of the seedling cultivation box; preferably, the fan mounting plate 4 includes a heat preservation plate 4-1, a fixed angle piece 4-2 and a fan connecting piece 4-3; the fan 5 is connected to the fan mounting plate 4-1 through the fan connecting piece 4-3, and the fan mounting plate 4-1 is fixed on the vertical beam 9 through the angle piece 4-2. The fan mounting plate 4 of the present invention adopts a replaceable structure, and can be replaced under the condition of separating the air duct and the seedling cultivation environment to meet the requirements for the required number of layers and layer heights.

[0065] As Figures 6 - 11 shown, each cultivation layer is provided with a cultivation mechanism 6. The cultivation mechanism 6 adopts the method of tidal liquid supply, that is, supplying liquid from the bottom. The cultivation mechanism 6 includes a number of cultivation tanks, a pressure sensor 6-1, a number of square pipes and a liquid level sensor 6-6;

[0066] Both sides of the cultivation tank are respectively connected to square pipes, and both ends of the square pipes are connected to the cross beam 11, and the cultivation tank is laid flat on the cross beam 11; the bottom of the cultivation tank is provided with water inlets and outlets, and the pressure sensor 6-1 and the liquid level sensor 6-6 are arranged on the same cultivation tank. The pressure sensor 6-1 is used to detect the pressure signal of the cultivation tank and transmit it to the control unit, and the liquid level sensor 6-6 is used to detect the water level signal in the cultivation tank and transmit it to the control unit. When the pressure signal of the cultivation tank is less than the preset value, the control unit controls the water supply and drainage system 12 to supply water to the water inlets and outlets of the cultivation tank. When the water level signal reaches the preset value, the control unit controls the water supply and drainage system 12 to stop supplying water. When the preset time has passed, the control unit controls the water supply and drainage system 12 to drain the water in the cultivation tank out of the seedling raising box to complete the irrigation of the plug seedlings.

[0067] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the square pipes include a first square pipe 6-2 and a second square pipe 6-3, and the cultivation tank at least includes two first cultivation tanks 6-4 and one second cultivation tank 6-5;

[0068] The two first cultivation tanks 6-4 are arranged on both sides of the second cultivation tank 6-5. The second square pipe 6-3 is respectively arranged on both sides of the second cultivation tank 6-5 and on both sides of one of the first cultivation tanks 6-4. The other first cultivation tank 6-4 is provided with a liquid level sensor 6-6 and is respectively provided with a first square pipe 6-2 on both sides. Pressure sensors 6-1 are respectively arranged at both ends of the first square pipe 6-2;

[0069] As Figure 7 、 9 、shown in 10, the first cultivation tank 6-4 is provided with one water inlet and outlet at the bottom, and the second cultivation tank 6-5 is provided with three water inlets and outlets at the bottom. The two side water inlets and outlets are respectively connected to the two side first cultivation tanks 6-4 through first hoses 6-8. One water inlet and outlet in the middle is connected to the water supply and drainage system 12, and this water inlet and outlet satisfies the overall water inlet and drainage of the first cultivation tank 6-4 and the second cultivation tank 6-5 in one layer. The cultivation tank of the present invention based on the communicating vessel effect can supply water to different cultivation tanks in the same layer through one water supply port, and the overall water supply can be completed by one water supply pipe, effectively simplifying the complexity of the water supply system.

[0070] As Figure 8 shown, both the first cultivation tank 6-4 and the second cultivation tank 6-5 are provided with a cultivation tank outer shell and a water leakage plate. Taking the first cultivation tank 6-4 as an example, the first cultivation tank 6-4 includes a cultivation tank outer shell 6-4-1 and a water leakage plate 6-4-2. The water leakage plate 6-4-2 is arranged in the cultivation tank outer shell 6-4-1 and is used for placing the seedling tray; the bottom inside the cultivation tank outer shell 6-4-1 is high on one side and low on the other side, which is convenient for draining water without leaving stagnant water.

[0071] The cultivation mechanism 6 provides the required water during the cultivation of plug seedlings. The seedling tray is placed on the water leakage plate 6-4-2. The threshold value of the pressure sensor 6-1 is set. The mass of the seedling tray gradually decreases over time. When the water of the plug seedlings is lost to a certain extent, that is, less than the threshold value set by the pressure sensor 6-1, the water supply and drainage system 12 starts to supply water to the water inlet and outlet in the middle of the second cultivation tank 6-5. Based on the communicating vessel effect, the water levels of the first cultivation tank 6-4 and the second cultivation tank 6-5 can be made the same. When the water level reaches the set value of the liquid level sensor 6-6, the water supply and drainage system 12 stops supplying water. After a certain period of time, the water supply and drainage system 12 starts to drain water. To ensure that there is no residual water in the first cultivation tank 6-4 and the second cultivation tank 6-5, the bottom of the cultivation tank is designed to slope towards the water inlet and outlet, so that the water can flow towards the water inlet and outlet. Through this design, automatic water supply and drainage during the cultivation of plug seedlings can be achieved, which is convenient for studying the effects of different liquid supply heights and liquid supply times on the growth state of plug seedlings. The pressure sensor 6-1 and the liquid level sensor 6-6 of the present utility model work together to achieve automatic water supply and limit the water supply height, saving the time of the staff and ensuring the stability of the irrigation time and the liquid supply height.

[0072] As Figure 12 shown, it further includes a monitoring structure 7. The monitoring structure 7 includes a mounting bracket 7-1, a first connecting bolt 7-2, a camera 7-3, and a movable bracket 7-4. The mounting bracket 7-1 is connected to the vertical beam 9. The mounting bracket 7-1 and the movable bracket 7-4 are connected by the first connecting bolt 7-2. The movable bracket 7-4 is linked to the camera 7-3. The camera 7-3 is used to photograph the plug seedlings in the cultivation space and upload them to the cloud through the network module, enabling remote monitoring of the growth status of the seedlings and the environmental temperature and humidity in the seedling raising box through the temperature and humidity sensor 15. The shooting angle of the camera can be adjusted by the rotation of the camera 7-3 between the movable bracket 7-4 and the movable bracket 7-4 around the first connecting bolt 7-2.

[0073] During the cultivation of plug seedlings, the growth status of the plug seedlings can be monitored in real time through the camera 7-3, avoiding the change of the temperature and humidity in the cultivation space caused by frequent opening of the door. The frequent change of temperature and humidity will cause the working states of the air conditioner 1 and the cross-flow fan to change, resulting in an increase in power consumption.

[0074] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, it further includes an artificial light source structure 8; As Figure 13As shown, the artificial light source structure 8 is arranged on the cultivation layer. The artificial light source structure 8 includes a second connecting bolt 8-1, an LED light board 8-2, and a third square pipe 8-3. Square pipes 8-3 are provided on both sides of the LED light board 8-2, and both ends of the square pipes 8-3 are connected to the cross beam 11 through second connecting bolts 8-1. The LED light board 8-2 uses red, blue, and white LED beads, and by adjusting different light source ratios, it can adapt to the lighting required by different varieties and different time periods of crops. It can also be used for studying the responses of plug seedlings to different light intensities and different light ratios.

[0075] As Figure 14 and 15 As shown, the water supply and drainage system 12 includes a number of second hoses 12-1, a water pump 12-2, a water inlet pipe 12-3, a water supply solenoid valve 12-4, a drainage pipe 12-5, a drainage solenoid valve 12-6, a tee 12-7, an interlayer water supply hose 12-9, and an interlayer solenoid valve 12-10.

[0076] One end of the second hose 12-1 is connected to the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10, and the other end is connected to the middle water inlet and outlet at the bottom of the cultivation tank. Each interlayer solenoid valve 12-10 is respectively communicated with the interlayer water supply hose 12-9. The bottom end of the interlayer water supply hose 12-9 is respectively connected to the water supply solenoid valve 12-4 and the drainage solenoid valve 12-6 through the tee 12-7. The other side of the drainage solenoid valve 12-6 is connected to the drainage pipe 12-5, and the other end of the water supply solenoid valve 12-4 is connected to the water pump 12-2. The water pump 12-2 is connected with a water inlet pipe 12-3.

[0077] As Figure 15 As shown, it also includes a distribution box 16 and an outdoor air conditioner 17. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the distribution box 16, the outdoor air conditioner 17, and the water pump 12-2 are installed on the back of the housing 14, and the water supply solenoid valve 12-4 and the drainage solenoid valve 12-6 are installed at the bottom of the housing 14. A PWM controller and a network module are provided in the distribution box 16. The PWM controller is used to adjust the fan speed, and the network module enables the staff to remotely monitor the growth of seedlings through the camera 7. Preferably, the PWM controller is connected to the control unit.

[0078] It also includes universal wheels 10, and the universal wheels 10 are installed at the bottom outside of the housing 14 for moving the seedling raising box.

[0079] The control process of the micro seedling raising experimental box includes the following steps:

[0080] Place the seedling tray after sowing in the cultivation tank of the cultivation layer; the control unit controls the fan (2-5) to introduce external air from the fan (2), and at the same time, the air conditioner (1) adjusts the temperature of the introduced air. The air after temperature adjustment above the partition board (13) enters the cultivation layer due to the negative pressure caused by the rotation of the fan (5), and then is discharged through the fan (5) on the other side, and then led out to the outside through the fan (2), thus completing the air circulation inside the seedling raising box; when the data measured by the pressure sensor (6-1) of the cultivation mechanism is lower than the preset value, the control unit controls to open the water supply and drainage system (12) to send water to the cultivation tank. When the liquid level sensor (6-6) in the cultivation tank (6-4) reaches the preset value, the control unit closes the water supply and drainage system (12). After a preset time, the control unit controls to open the water supply and drainage system (12) to drain the water in the cultivation tank from the seedling raising box to complete the irrigation of the plug seedlings; the growth status of the seedlings and the environmental temperature and humidity in the seedling raising box can be remotely monitored through the monitoring structure (7) and the temperature and humidity sensor (15), and the air conditioner (1), the fan (2-5), and the fan (5) are adjusted through the control unit.

[0081] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, the control process of the micro seedling raising experimental box includes the following steps:

[0082] Place the seedling tray after sowing on the water leakage plate of the second cultivation groove 6-5 of the cultivation layer; turn on the power supply in the distribution box 16 to make the air conditioner 1, the main body of the fan 2-5, the PWM fan, the camera 7-3, the temperature and humidity sensor 15, and the water pump 12-2 operate normally; the main body of the fan 2-5 introduces outside air from the first air inlet pipe 2-2, and at the same time the air conditioner 1 adjusts the temperature of the introduced air. The air after temperature adjustment above the partition 13 enters the cultivation layer due to the negative pressure caused by the rotation of the PWM fan, and then is discharged through the PWM fan on the other side, and then is led to the outside through the second air inlet pipe 2-3, the main body of the fan 2-5, and the exhaust pipe 2-4, thus completing the air circulation inside the seedling raising box; when the data measured by the pressure sensor 6-1 is lower than the preset value, it indicates that the water content of the substrate of the plug seedling is too low. Therefore, the control unit controls to open the water supply solenoid valve 12-4 and the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10 of the water supply and drainage system 12, close the drainage solenoid valve 12-6, and the water pump 12-2 sends water from the water source through the water inlet pipe 12-3, the water supply solenoid valve 12-4, the three-way pipe 12-7, the interlayer connection hose 12-8, the interlayer water supply hose 12-9, the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10, and the hose 12-1 to the second cultivation groove 6-5. Due to the communicating vessel effect between the second cultivation groove 6-5 and the first cultivation groove 6-4, when the liquid level sensor 6-6 in the first cultivation groove 6-4 reaches the preset value, the control unit will close the water supply solenoid valve 12-4, the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10, and the water pump 12-2. After a certain period of time, the control unit controls to open the drainage solenoid valve 12-6 and the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10, close the water supply solenoid valve 12-4, and the water in the second cultivation groove 6-5 and the first cultivation groove 6-4 will be discharged from the seedling raising box through the drainage pipe 12-5. Wait for the excess water in the seedling tray to drain, and then close the drainage solenoid valve 12-6 and the interlayer solenoid valve 12-10, thus completing the irrigation of the plug seedlings; the staff can remotely monitor the growth status of the seedlings and the environmental temperature and humidity in the seedling raising box through the camera 7-3 and the temperature and humidity sensor 15, and can adjust the air conditioner 1, the main body of the fan 2-5, and the PWM fan through the control unit, so that the seedlings grow in a suitable environment.

[0083] The temperature and humidity inside the micro seedling raising experimental box are mainly adjusted by the air conditioner 1 and the fan 2. The temperature and humidity of the external environment and the cultivation space are measured by the temperature and humidity sensor 15 installed between the top of the outer shell 14 and each cultivation layer. The temperature and humidity of the cultivation space are the average values measured by the temperature and humidity sensors 15 in the multi-layer cultivation layer; there is a coupling relationship between humidity and temperature. The air humidity entering the air mixing layer through the fan 2 is temperature-adjusted by the air conditioner 1. The temperature and humidity adjustment is as follows:

[0084] When the external environmental temperature > the cultivation space temperature, the control unit controls the air conditioner 1 to be set to the cooling mode; when the external environmental temperature < the cultivation space temperature, the control unit controls the air conditioner 1 to be set to the heating mode;

[0085] When the humidity of the external environment > the humidity of the cultivation space, the control unit controls to reduce the air volume of the blower 2 and increase the air volume of the air conditioner 1. When the humidity of the external environment < the humidity of the cultivation space, the control unit controls to increase the air volume of the blower 2 and reduce the air volume and temperature of the air conditioner 1.

[0086] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to each embodiment, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0087] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A micro seedling experimental box, characterized in that: It comprises a housing (14), an air circulation system, a cultivation mechanism (6), a water supply and drainage system (12), a temperature and humidity sensor (15), and a control unit; A cultivation space and a wind mixing layer are arranged inside the shell (14), a partition (13) is arranged between the cultivation space and the wind mixing layer, vertical beams (9) are respectively arranged on both sides of the cultivation space, a plurality of horizontal beams (11) arranged from top to bottom are arranged in the cultivation space to divide the cultivation space into a plurality of cultivation layers, a plurality of longitudinally arranged through holes are arranged on the vertical beams (9), and both ends of the horizontal beams (11) are respectively connected to the through holes; The air circulation system comprises an air conditioner (1), a blower (2) and a fan (5); the air conditioner (1) and the blower (2) are arranged in the air mixing layer, and the fan (5) is arranged in the cultivation space; The cultivation mechanism (6) and the water supply and drainage system (12) are arranged in the cultivation space; The temperature and humidity sensor (15) is installed outside the housing (14) and inside the cultivation space; The control unit is respectively connected to the air circulation system, the cultivation mechanism, the water supply and drainage system (12) and the temperature and humidity sensor (15).

2. The micro seedling test box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan (2) is a bidirectional flow fan, comprising a suspension rod (2-1), a first air inlet pipe (2-2), a second air inlet pipe (2-3), an exhaust pipe (2-4), a fan body (2-5) and an air outlet pipe (2-6); One end of the suspension rod (2-1) is connected to the ear seat of the fan body (2-5), and the other end is connected to the outer shell (14), so that the fan body (2-5) is installed in the air mixing layer of the outer shell (14); the first air inlet pipe (2-2) and the second air inlet pipe (2-3) are installed on one side of the fan body (2-5), and the exhaust pipe (2-4) and the outlet pipe (2-6) are installed on the other side of the fan body (2-5); air ducts are respectively provided on both sides of the outer shell (14); one end of the first air inlet pipe (2-2) is connected to the outside, and the other end is connected to one end of the outlet pipe (2-6), and the other end of the outlet pipe (2-6) is connected to the air duct on one side of the outer shell (14); one end of the second air inlet pipe (2-3) is connected to the air duct on the other side of the outer shell (14), and the other end is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe (2-4), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (2-4) is connected to the outside.

3. The micro seedling experimental box according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cultivation layer is provided with a cultivation mechanism (6), and the cultivation mechanism (6) comprises a plurality of cultivation troughs, a pressure sensor (6-1), a plurality of square tubes and a liquid level sensor (6-6); Both sides of the cultivation trough are respectively connected to square tubes, and both ends of the square tubes are connected to a crossbeam (11), and the cultivation trough is laid flat on the crossbeam (11); a water inlet and outlet are provided at the bottom of the cultivation trough, and a pressure sensor (6-1) and a liquid level sensor (6-6) are arranged on the same cultivation trough, and the pressure sensor (6-1) and the liquid level sensor (6-6) are respectively connected to a control unit.

4. The micro seedling experiment box according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cultivation trough comprises a cultivation trough shell and a water leakage plate, wherein the water leakage plate is arranged in the cultivation trough shell and is used for placing a seedling tray; the bottom of the cultivation trough shell is high on one side and low on the other side.

5. The micro seedling experiment box according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The square tube comprises a first square tube (6-2) and a second square tube (6-3), and the cultivation trough comprises at least two first cultivation troughs (6-4) and one second cultivation trough (6-5); Two first cultivation troughs (6-4) are arranged on both sides of the second cultivation trough (6-5); the second square tubes (6-3) are respectively arranged on both sides of the second cultivation trough (6-5) and on both sides of one of the first cultivation troughs (6-4); a liquid level sensor (6-6) is arranged in the other first cultivation trough (6-4), and first square tubes (6-2) are respectively arranged on both sides; and pressure sensors (6-1) are respectively arranged at both ends of the first square tube (6-2); The first cultivation trough (6-4) is provided with a water inlet and outlet at the bottom, and the second cultivation trough (6-5) is provided with three water inlets and outlets at the bottom, two of which are connected to the first cultivation troughs (6-4) on both sides through first hoses (6-8), and the remaining water inlet and outlet is connected to a water supply and drainage system (12).

6. The micro seedling experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a monitoring structure (7); the monitoring structure (7) includes a mounting bracket (7-1), a first connecting bolt (7-2), a camera (7-3), and a movable bracket (7-4); the mounting bracket (7-1) is connected to the vertical beam (9), the mounting bracket (7-1) is connected to the movable bracket (7-4) via the first connecting bolt (7-2), and the movable bracket (7-4) is linked to the camera (7-3).

7. The micro seedling experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an artificial light source structure (8); the artificial light source structure (8) is arranged on the cultivation layer, and the artificial light source structure (8) includes a second connecting bolt (8-1), an LED light board (8-2), and a third tube (8-3); square tubes (8-3) are provided on both sides of the LED light board (8-2), and both ends of the square tube (8-3) are connected to the crossbeam (11) via the second connecting bolts (8-1); the LED light board (8-2) uses three types of LED lamp beads: red, blue, and white.

8. The micro seedling experimental box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply and drainage system (12) comprises a plurality of second hoses (12-1), a water pump (12-2), a water inlet pipe (12-3), a water supply solenoid valve (12-4), a drainage pipe (12-5), a drainage solenoid valve (12-6), a three-way pipe (12-7), an inter-layer water supply hose (12-9), and an inter-layer solenoid valve (12-10); One end of the second hose (12-1) is connected to the interlayer electromagnetic valve (12-10), and the other end is connected to the middle water inlet and outlet at the bottom of the cultivation trough; each interlayer electromagnetic valve (12-10) is connected to the interlayer water supply hose (12-9); the bottom end of the interlayer water supply hose (12-9) is connected to the water supply electromagnetic valve (12-4) and the drainage electromagnetic valve (12-6) through a three-way pipe (12-7); the other side of the drainage electromagnetic valve (12-6) is connected to the drainage pipeline (12-5); the other end of the water supply electromagnetic valve (12-4) is connected to the water pump (12-2), and the water pump (12-2) is connected to the water inlet pipeline (12-3).

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