Fixture for thin film biosensor and measuring assembly

Abstract

A clamp for a film biosensor and a measuring assembly, the clamp for the film biosensor comprises a fixed base and a pressing member, an accommodating cavity with a first opening is formed in the fixed base, the accommodating cavity is suitable for accommodating the film biosensor, and the bottom of the accommodating cavity is provided with a groove suitable for placing a circuit board. The pressing piece is arranged at the first opening and suitable for pressing the film biosensor and enabling the film biosensor to be attached to the circuit board, and an open hole is formed in the sensing area, corresponding to the film biosensor, of the pressing piece. By arranging the pressing piece and the fixed base, the non-induction area of the thin film biosensor can be stably clamped, so that the structure of the thin film biosensor is enhanced, and the risk that the thin film biosensor deforms due to the action of external force is reduced. Besides, a groove capable of constructing a circuit board is reserved in the fixed base, so that the thin film biosensor and an external detection device are effectively connected, and the influence of continuous detection on the detection result of the thin film biosensor is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biosensors, and in particular to a fixture and a measuring assembly for a thin film biosensor. Background Art

[0002] Thin-film sensors are sensors made using thin-film technology that can measure a variety of physical and chemical parameters, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and flow. The operating principle of thin-film sensors is generally based on the properties of thin-film materials, which undergo physical or chemical changes when the measured parameters change, resulting in fast response times and high sensitivity. Thin-film biosensors, based on thin-film sensors, add bioactive components such as enzymes, proteins, DNA, antibodies, and antigens, enabling the detection and monitoring of biological and chemical substances. They are primarily used to measure the concentration of substances in liquids, such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

[0003] Thin-film biosensors typically consist of a capture layer (reaction layer), a strain layer (thin film), and an electrode layer. The electrode layer is further composed of positive and negative electrodes and a sensing electrode. The sensing electrode is the sensitive part of the thin-film biosensor, sensing the deformation of the thin film caused by the presence of the test substance, causing a change in resistance. The positive and negative electrodes are used to measure the resistance or current signal at the sensing electrodes. The signals from the positive and negative electrodes are converted by the sensing element into output signals related to the measured parameters, which are then output to an external detection device for user access. During operation, thin-film biosensors are easily deformed by external forces, which can significantly affect the test results.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the technical defects in the existing technology and develop a measuring instrument that can provide stable structural support for thin film biosensors while reducing false detection caused by external forces has always been an urgent problem to be solved by ordinary technicians in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a clamp and measurement assembly for a thin film biosensor, which can provide better structural support for the thin film biosensor, stably clamp the non-sensing area of the thin film biosensor, reduce the impact of external forces on the thin film biosensor, and ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0006] The technical solutions provided in this application are as follows:

[0007] A fixture for a thin film biosensor, comprising:

[0008] A fixed base, wherein a receiving cavity with a first opening is formed in the fixed base, the receiving cavity is suitable for receiving the thin film biosensor, and a groove is formed at the bottom of the receiving cavity for placing a circuit board;

[0009] The pressing piece is provided at the first opening and is suitable for pressing the non-sensing area of the thin film biosensor and making the thin film biosensor adhere to the circuit board. The pressing piece has an opening corresponding to the sensing area of the thin film biosensor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fixed base includes a supporting plate and side plates arranged on the periphery of the supporting plate, and the supporting plate and the side plates are arranged to form the accommodating cavity; the groove is arranged on the supporting plate, and the side plate is provided with a second opening, which is suitable for providing an external circuit for the circuit board in the groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second opening edge extends to an end of the side plate away from the carrying plate to form a notch at the end of the side plate away from the carrying plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the number of the second openings is two, and a first extension plate and a second extension plate are respectively provided at the edge of the supporting plate corresponding to the two second openings, and a groove body connected to the groove is formed on the first extension plate and the second extension plate;

[0013] The groove body of one of the first extension plate and the second extension plate is suitable for supporting a positive electrode on a circuit board, and the groove body of the other of the first extension plate and the second extension plate is suitable for supporting a negative electrode on a circuit board.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pressing piece is clamped in the first opening, and the notch is used to provide a deformation space for the end of the side plate away from the supporting plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, glue is applied to an edge of the pressing member facing away from the supporting plate to bond the pressing member to the side plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the side plate is provided with a buckle for clamping the pressing piece into the accommodating cavity;

[0017] The clip is formed with a first guide surface and a limiting surface. The first guide surface is located on the side of the clip away from the supporting plate, and is used to guide the pressure piece into the accommodating cavity; the limiting surface is located on the side of the clip facing the supporting plate, and is used to limit the pressure piece from leaving the accommodating cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments, the pressing member is provided with a second guiding surface around the opening for guiding the object to be detected into the sensing area of the thin film biosensor.

[0019] The present application also provides a measurement component, comprising:

[0020] A thin film biosensor, a circuit board, and a fixture for the thin film biosensor provided in any of the above embodiments;

[0021] The thin film biosensor includes a sensing area and a non-sensing area. The pressing member presses against the non-sensing area of the thin film biosensor to fix the thin film biosensor and the circuit board in the accommodating cavity.

[0022] In some embodiments, the thin film biosensor is provided with a reaction hole, and a sensing electrode is provided on a side of the thin film biosensor facing the circuit board corresponding to the reaction hole.

[0023] The technical effects of this application are:

[0024] 1. In this application, the pressure member can press the thin-film biosensor against the fixed base, forming a stable clamp for the thin-film biosensor together with the fixed base, reducing the risk of deformation of the thin-film biosensor due to external forces. The pressure member also has openings corresponding to the sensing area of the thin-film biosensor, providing structural support for the thin-film biosensor while maintaining its measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the arrangement of the pressure member and the fixed base facilitates the transportation of the thin-film biosensor, reducing potential friction during transportation.

[0025] 2. In this application, a groove for placing a circuit board is also provided on the fixed base. Users can select and construct different types of circuit boards according to the characteristics of different thin film biosensors, thereby effectively connecting the thin film biosensor and the external detection device, which is conducive to reducing the impact of continuous detection on the detection results of the thin film biosensor.

[0026] 3. In the present application, a second opening is provided on the side panel of the fixed base, which not only makes it more convenient to connect the circuit board to the external detection device, but also forms a gap at the end of the side panel away from the load-bearing plate, providing deformation space for the side panel, so that the pressing piece can be better clamped in the first opening, which makes installation convenient and quick, the structural setting is reasonable and the utilization rate is high.

[0027] 4. In the present application, the carrier plate is provided with a first extension plate and a second extension plate at the second opening, which can be used to carry the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the circuit board, and has higher structural stability. In addition, by reserving positions for electrodes on the fixed base, the present application has good compatibility with thin film biosensors of different structures and strong versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled three-dimensional structure of a thin film biosensor fixture provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled three-dimensional structure of a measurement assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled three-dimensional structure of a fixed base and a thin film biosensor provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a measurement component provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0034] 100, fixed base; 110, carrying plate; 111, groove; 112, first extension plate; 113, second extension plate; 114, trough; 120, side plate; 121, second opening; 130, accommodating cavity; 131, first opening; 140, buckle; 141, first guide surface; 142, limiting surface;

[0035] 200, pressing piece; 210, opening; 220, second guide surface;

[0036] 300, thin film biosensor; 310, sensing area; 320, non-sensing area; 330, reaction well; 340, sensing electrode;

[0037] 410, positive electrode; 420, negative electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obstructing the description of the present application with unnecessary details.

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0040] To simplify the drawings, only the parts relevant to the utility model are schematically shown in each figure; they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the components with the same structure or function is schematically depicted or labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one" but also "more than one."

[0041] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0042] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] In the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) are used to explain the structure and movement of various components of the present application, not absolute but relative. These descriptions are applicable when these components are in the positions shown in the accompanying drawings. If the descriptions of the positions of these components are changed, these directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0044] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] According to a specific embodiment provided by the present utility model, see Figures 1 to 4A thin film biosensor fixture, used to secure a thin film biosensor 300, comprises a fixing base 100 and a pressing member 200. The fixing base 100 defines a housing 130 having a first opening 131 suitable for accommodating the thin film biosensor 300. The pressing member 200 is positioned at the first opening 131 and is configured to press against the thin film biosensor 300, thereby providing a stable clamp for the thin film biosensor 300. Furthermore, the pressing member 200 includes an opening 210 corresponding to the sensing region 310 of the thin film biosensor 300, thereby avoiding the sensing region 310. This allows the pressing member 200 to act only on the non-sensing region 320 of the thin film biosensor 300, allowing the analyte to directly contact the sensing region 310 for measurement. This not only effectively strengthens the structure of the thin film biosensor 300 and reduces the risk of deformation due to external forces, but also ensures the detection precision and accuracy of the thin film biosensor 300.

[0046] In actual production, the fixing base 100 and the pressing piece 200 are mostly made of a slightly elastic hard material, such as cemented carbide or plastic. A thin film biosensor fixture made of such a material not only secures the thin film biosensor 300, improves its stability, and facilitates measurement, but also facilitates the transportation of the thin film biosensor 300, reducing potential collisions during transportation, and is highly practical. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Thin film biosensors are mainly used to measure the concentration of substances in samples such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid. They are usually composed of a capture layer (reaction layer), a strain layer (thin film), and an electrode layer. The electrode layer is further composed of a positive electrode 410, a negative electrode 420, and a sensing electrode 340. The sensing electrode 340 is the sensitive part of the thin film biosensor 300. It can sense the deformation of the thin film due to the presence of the detection substance, causing its resistance to change. The positive electrode 410 and the negative electrode 420 are used to measure the resistance or current signal on the sensing electrode 340. The signals on the positive electrode 410 and the negative electrode 420 are converted into output signals related to the measured parameters by the sensing element and then output to an external detection device for the user to obtain.

[0047] In one example embodiment, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4The fixed base 100 further defines a recess 111 at the bottom of the accommodating cavity 130 suitable for accommodating a circuit board. The circuit board is provided with a positive electrode 410 and a negative electrode 420. When the pressing member 200 presses the thin film biosensor 300 into the accommodating cavity 130, the thin film biosensor 300 adheres to the circuit board within the recess 111. Specifically, the positive electrode 410 on the thin film biosensor 300 adheres to the positive electrode 410 on the circuit board, and the negative electrode 420 on the thin film biosensor 300 adheres to the negative electrode 420 on the circuit board. The circuit board can be connected to the circuit board of an external detection device, thereby connecting the thin film biosensor 300 to the external detection device.

[0048] In this embodiment, by reserving a groove 111 on the fixed base 100 for placing a circuit board, the user can select and construct different types of circuit boards according to the characteristics of different thin film biosensors 300 to support different types of circuit conduction, thereby effectively connecting the thin film biosensor 300 and an external detection device, and reducing the impact of continuous detection on the detection results of the thin film biosensor 300.

[0049] Specifically, see Figure 1 The fixed base 100 includes a carrier plate 110 and side panels 120 disposed around the carrier plate 110. The carrier plate 110 and the side panels 120 together enclose the aforementioned accommodating cavity 130. A recess 111 is formed in the carrier plate 110, and the side panels 120 have a second opening 121 for connecting the circuit board in the recess 111 to the circuitry of an external detection device.

[0050] The edge of the second opening 121 preferably extends to the end of the side panel 120 away from the carrier plate 110, thereby forming a notch at the end of the side panel 120 away from the carrier plate 110. In this embodiment, by providing the second opening 121 and forming a notch at the end of the side panel 120, it is more convenient for the user to directly place the circuit board and its positive electrode 410 and negative electrode 420 into the accommodating cavity 130 through the first opening 131, thereby facilitating installation.

[0051] In addition, the notch can also provide deformation space for the side panel 120, especially the end of the side panel 120 away from the supporting plate 110. In this way, the user can directly place the pressing piece 200 in the first opening 131 to achieve the connection between the pressing piece 200 and the fixed base 100. Compared with the connection method of locking the pressing piece 200 and the fixed base 100 by fasteners, the connection method of this embodiment reasonably utilizes the structural setting of the second opening 121 opened on the side panel 120, eliminates fasteners, simplifies the installation steps, makes the operation more convenient and low-cost, and has a high structural utilization rate.

[0052] As a preference, see Figures 1 to 3, the number of the second openings 121 is two, and a first extension plate 112 and a second extension plate 113 are respectively provided at the edges of the carrier plate 110 corresponding to the two second openings 121, and a groove body 114 connected to the groove 111 is provided on the first extension plate 112 and the second extension plate 113. At this time, the groove body 114 on the first extension plate 112 can be used to support the positive electrode 410 on the circuit board, and the groove body 114 on the second extension plate 113 can be used to support the negative electrode 420 on the circuit board. Of course, the positions of the positive electrode 410 and the negative electrode 420 can be interchanged. For example, the groove body 114 on the first extension plate 112 is used to support the negative electrode 420 on the circuit board, and the groove body 114 on the second extension plate 113 is used to support the positive electrode 410 on the circuit board. The user can flexibly set it according to the actual situation, and there is no limitation here. It is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] This embodiment, by providing first and second extension plates 112 and 113 to support the positive and negative electrodes 410 and 420 on the circuit board, further improves the overall structural stability of the thin-film biosensor 300, the circuit board, and the fixture, facilitating measurement and transportation of the thin-film biosensor 300. Furthermore, by reserving positions for electrodes on the fixed base 100, this embodiment provides good compatibility with thin-film biosensors 300 of varying structures. This allows the thin-film biosensor 300 to be more easily detected by external detection devices using various conductive media, demonstrating its versatility.

[0054] To facilitate circuit layout on the circuit board and improve the deformation capability of the side panel 120, the gap formed by the two second openings 121 should be positioned relatively close together, allowing the user to more easily position the pressing member 200 on the fixed base 100. Furthermore, the first extension plate 112 and the second extension plate 113 are preferably arranged in parallel to facilitate connection of the circuit board to an external detection device.

[0055] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 To prevent the pressing member 200 from accidentally detaching from the fixed base 100 due to vibration, a clip 140 can be provided on the side plate 120 to securely secure the pressing member 200 within the accommodating cavity 130. Specifically, the clip 140 is formed with a first guide surface 141 and a limiting surface 142. The first guide surface 141 is located on the side of the clip 140 facing away from the carrier plate 110 and is used to guide the pressing member 200 into the accommodating cavity 130. The limiting surface 142 is located on the side of the clip 140 facing the carrier plate 110 and is used to prevent the pressing member 200 from detaching from the accommodating cavity 130.

[0056] In actual production, the user first constructs the circuit, such as the positive electrode 410 and the negative electrode 420, and then places the constructed circuit board and thin-film biosensor 300 in the receiving cavity 130 in sequence, and then installs the pressing member 200. During the initial installation, the pressing member 200 presses the first guide surface 141 on the buckle 140, causing the buckle 140 to tilt outward, facilitating the pressing member 200's entry into the receiving cavity 130. After the pressing member 200 enters the receiving cavity 130 under the guidance of the first guide surface 141, the buckle 140 rebounds, and the limiting surface 142 of the buckle 140 presses the pressing member 200, causing it to adhere to and press against the non-sensing area 320 on the thin-film biosensor 300, and restricting the pressing member 200 from separating from the fixed base 100, thereby achieving stable clamping of the thin-film biosensor 300 by the thin-film biosensor clamp.

[0057] In actual production, the buckle 140 may not be provided, and glue may be directly applied to the edge of the pressing member 200 facing away from the carrier plate 110 to bond the pressing member 200 to the side plate 120 to improve the connection strength between the pressing member 200 and the fixed base 100. Alternatively, the buckle 140 may be provided, the buckle 140 may be used to secure the pressing member 200, and glue may be applied to the edge of the pressing member 200 facing away from the carrier plate 110. This is not a limitation and is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] In contrast, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 The pressing member 200 is further provided with a second guide surface 220 around the opening 210 for guiding the object to be tested into the sensing area 310 of the thin film biosensor 300, so as to facilitate the thin film biosensor 300 to detect the object to be tested and ensure the accuracy of the measurement results of the thin film biosensor 300.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the first guide surface 141 and the second guide surface 220 can be inclined surfaces, or concave arc surfaces, or convex arc surfaces, which are not described here one by one. As long as they can achieve the guiding function, they are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0060] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 The present application also provides a measurement assembly, comprising a thin film biosensor 300, a circuit board, and a thin film biosensor fixture provided in any of the above embodiments. The thin film biosensor fixture comprises a fixed base 100 and a pressing member 200. The pressing member 200 is used to press the thin film biosensor 300 and the circuit board, thereby stably securing the thin film biosensor 300 and the circuit board within the accommodating cavity 130 of the fixed base 100.

[0061] Specifically, the thin film biosensor 300 includes a sensing area 310 and a non-sensing area 320. The pressing piece 200 presses against the non-sensing area 320 of the thin film biosensor 300, and an opening 210 is opened in the sensing area 310 of the thin film biosensor 300 for avoidance. This not only provides structural support for the thin film biosensor 300 and reduces the risk of deformation of the thin film biosensor 300 due to external force, but also does not affect the detection of the object by the thin film biosensor 300, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results of the thin film biosensor 300.

[0062] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The thin film biosensor 300 has reaction holes 330, and sensing electrodes 340 are located on the side of the thin film biosensor 300 facing the circuit board, corresponding to the reaction holes 330. In this embodiment, the side of the sensing electrode 340 facing away from the circuit board forms the sensing area 310 of the thin film biosensor 300, which can come into contact with the analyte and undergo changes, thereby changing the resistance. The portion of the thin film biosensor 300 surrounding the sensing electrode 340 forms a non-sensing area 320. By pressing the pressing member 200 against the non-sensing area 320 of the thin film biosensor 300, that is, the portion of the thin film biosensor 300 surrounding the sensing electrode 340, the thin film biosensor 300 and the sensing electrode 340 thereon can be secured.

[0063] Specifically, the thin film biosensor 300 has a positive electrode 410 and a negative electrode 420 on the side facing the circuit board, which are electrically connected to the sensing electrode 340. These electrodes are used to measure resistance changes on the sensing electrode 340. For example, a constant voltage is applied to the positive and negative electrodes to test the current or resistance change in the electrode layer. When the pressing member 200 presses the thin film biosensor 300 and the circuit board against the accommodating cavity 130, the positive electrode 410 on the thin film biosensor 300 can adhere to the positive electrode 410 on the circuit board, and the negative electrode 420 on the thin film biosensor 300 can adhere to the negative electrode 420 on the circuit board, achieving circuit conduction. The signals from the positive and negative electrodes 410, 420 of the thin film biosensor 300 are converted by the sensing element into output signals related to the measured parameters, which are then output to an external detection device for user access.

[0064] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0065] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above are only preferred implementations of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A jig for a thin film biosensor, characterized in that: include: A fixed base, wherein a receiving cavity with a first opening is formed in the fixed base, the receiving cavity is suitable for receiving the thin film biosensor, and a groove is formed at the bottom of the receiving cavity for placing a circuit board; The pressing piece is provided at the first opening and is suitable for pressing the non-sensing area of the thin film biosensor and making the thin film biosensor adhere to the circuit board. The pressing piece has an opening corresponding to the sensing area of the thin film biosensor.

2. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 1, wherein: The fixed base includes a supporting plate and side plates arranged around the supporting plate, and the supporting plate and the side plates are arranged to form the accommodating cavity; the groove is arranged on the supporting plate, and the side plate is provided with a second opening suitable for providing an external circuit for the circuit board in the groove.

3. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 2, wherein: The second opening edge extends to an end of the side plate away from the supporting plate to form a notch at the end of the side plate away from the supporting plate.

4. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 3, wherein: There are two second openings, and a first extension plate and a second extension plate are respectively provided at the edge of the carrying plate corresponding to the two second openings, and a groove body connected to the groove is formed on the first extension plate and the second extension plate; The groove body of one of the first extension plate and the second extension plate is suitable for supporting a positive electrode on a circuit board, and the groove body of the other of the first extension plate and the second extension plate is suitable for supporting a negative electrode on a circuit board.

5. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The pressing piece is clamped in the first opening, and the notch is used to provide a deformation space for the end of the side plate away from the supporting plate.

6. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 5, wherein: The edge of one side of the pressing piece facing away from the carrying plate is coated with glue so as to bond the pressing piece to the side plate.

7. The jig for thin film biosensor according to claim 5, wherein: The side plate is provided with a buckle for clamping the pressing piece into the accommodating cavity; The clip is formed with a first guide surface and a limiting surface. The first guide surface is located on the side of the clip away from the supporting plate, and is used to guide the pressure piece into the accommodating cavity; the limiting surface is located on the side of the clip facing the supporting plate, and is used to limit the pressure piece from leaving the accommodating cavity.

8. The jig for thin film biosensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The pressing member is provided with a second guiding surface around the opening for guiding the object to be detected to enter the sensing area of the thin film biosensor.

9. A measuring component, characterized in that include: A thin film biosensor, a circuit board, and a fixture for a thin film biosensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The thin film biosensor includes a sensing area and a non-sensing area. The pressing member presses against the non-sensing area of the thin film biosensor to fix the thin film biosensor and the circuit board in the accommodating cavity.

10. The measuring assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that The thin film biosensor is provided with a reaction hole, and a sensing electrode is provided on a side of the thin film biosensor facing the circuit board corresponding to the reaction hole.

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