Composting reactor
By setting up a linkage mechanism and blade crushing function in the perishable waste composting reactor, and adding an insulation layer to the fermentation device, the problems of material spillage and blockage are solved, the fermentation efficiency and adaptability are improved, and it is suitable for the treatment of perishable waste.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520066834.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing composting reactors for perishable waste suffer from problems such as material spillage, blockage, and poor heat preservation, which prolong the fermentation cycle, especially when used in cold regions.
A composting reactor was designed. A linkage mechanism was set between the discharge port of the material distribution device and the inlet of the fermentation device to achieve synchronous linkage using an electro-hydraulic actuator. A blade was set on the intermediate shaft for crushing. An insulation layer and a stirring mechanism were added to the fermentation device to improve the material loosening and heat preservation performance.
It achieves zero spillage during material loading, prevents blockage, improves fermentation efficiency, is suitable for use in cold regions, has a simple and easy-to-operate structure, and is suitable for industrial promotion.
Smart Images
Figure CN223705501U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of perishable garbage composting, in particular to a composting reactor. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the improvement of national living standards, the quantity of domestic garbage gradually increases. According to the statistics of China Urban Environmental Health Association, about 400 million tons of domestic garbage are produced in China every year, and more than 50% of the domestic garbage is kitchen garbage. Kitchen garbage is also called perishable garbage or wet garbage, which is rich in nutrients and has high utilization value. However, if it is not handled in time or improperly, it will occupy land resources and pollute the environment.
[0003] The perishable garbage composting reactor is a key technical equipment for handling perishable garbage, mainly composed of a feeding device, a distributing device and a fermentation device. The main problems are as follows:
[0004] 1) During operation, the material to be treated is transported from the feeding device to the distributing device, and then distributed to each fermentation device by the distributing device. There is a lack of linkage between the discharge port of the distributing device and the inlet of the fermentation device, which can easily cause some material to spill outside the fermentation device when feeding;
[0005] 2) The distributing device is generally a screw conveying device, which pushes the material by rotating the screw shaft and using the screw blade. Although the distributing device has a certain crushing effect on the material, the crushing effect is poor, and when the material contains some large pieces, the discharge port of the distributing device is easily blocked;
[0006] 3) The fermentation device has poor heat preservation performance, and when used in cold northern areas, the fermentation period of the material will be longer.
[0007] Therefore, it is urgent to provide a composting reactor which can avoid material spilling, prevent blockage and has good heat preservation performance. SUMMARY
[0008] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a composting reactor. The composting reactor provided in the utility model can realize synchronous linkage between the discharge port of the distributing device and the inlet of the fermentation device, significantly improve the crushing function of the distributing device, and has excellent fermentation heat preservation effect.
[0009] The utility model provides a kind of compost reactor, wherein, the compost reactor includes feeding device 1, distribution device 2 and fermentation device 3 connected in turn;Distribution device 2 is provided with distribution cover plate 21 at discharge port, and fermentation device 3 is provided with feeding cover plate 31 at feed inlet, linkage mechanism 4 is arranged between distribution cover plate 21 and feeding cover plate 31, and linkage mechanism 4 can make distribution cover plate 21 and feeding cover plate 31 realize linkage opening or closing.
[0010] Preferably, the distribution cover plate 21 is a push-pull cover plate, which is arranged at the discharge port of the distribution device 2 by a slide rail. The feeding cover plate 31 is also a push-pull cover plate, which is arranged at the feed inlet of the fermentation device 3 by a slide rail.
[0011] Preferably, the linkage mechanism 4 is an electro-hydraulic push rod.
[0012] Preferably, the distribution device 2 includes a bin 20, a distribution cover plate 21, an intermediate shaft 22, a spiral blade 23 and a blade 24. The intermediate shaft 22 penetrates the bin 20, and the spiral blade 23 and the blade 24 are arranged on the intermediate shaft 22.
[0013] Preferably, the discharge ports of the distribution device 2 are arranged at the bottom of the bin 20, and the number of the discharge ports is multiple. The number of the discharge ports of the distribution device 2, the number of the fermentation devices 3 and the number of the linkage mechanisms 4 are the same.
[0014] Preferably, the blade 24 is arranged in the spiral pitch of the spiral blade 23. The number of the blades arranged in each spiral pitch is 1-6.
[0015] Preferably, the fermentation device 3 includes a fermentation bin 30, a feeding cover plate 31, a solution tank 32, a sprayer 33 and a protective shell 34. The feed inlet of the fermentation device 3 is arranged at the upper part of the fermentation bin 30. The solution tank 32 is arranged at the upper part of the fermentation bin 30. The sprayer 33 is arranged inside the fermentation bin 30 and connected with the solution tank 32. The protective shell 33 is arranged outside the fermentation bin 30.
[0016] Preferably, the fermentation bin 30 is provided with a stirring mechanism 35 inside. The stirring mechanism 35 is arranged below the sprayer 33. The stirring shaft of the stirring mechanism 35 is provided with stirring blades 351 and stirring blades 352.
[0017] Preferably, the bottom of the fermentation bin 30 is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with a discharge cover plate 36.
[0018] Preferably, the fermentation device 3 further comprises a thermal insulation layer 37, wherein the thermal insulation layer 37 is arranged between the fermentation bin 30 and the protective shell 34.
[0019] The compost reactor provided in the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0020] 1) The compost reactor provided in the utility model can realize synchronous linkage between the discharge port of the material distribution device and the feeding port of the fermentation device, thereby avoiding spilling of part of the material outside the fermentation device during feeding, and ensuring that the loading process is free of spilling.
[0021] 2) The compost reactor provided in the utility model can cut and crush the material to be treated by the blade arranged on the intermediate shaft of the feeding device, so as to prevent blockage during material distribution; the stirring blade arranged in the stirring structure can secondarily crush the material in the fermentation device, so that the material is more loose and soft, which is beneficial to fermentation.
[0022] 3) The compost reactor provided in the utility model can significantly improve the heat preservation performance of the compost reactor by arranging the thermal insulation layer between the fermentation bin and the protective shell, so that the compost reactor can better adapt to cold regions.
[0023] 4) The compost reactor provided in the utility model can supplement water and nutrient solution to the compost material in time by arranging the solution tank.
[0024] 5) The compost reactor provided in the utility model has simple structure and is easy to operate, and is suitable for industrial promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the compost reactor provided in the utility model.
[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of the material distribution device provided in the utility model.
[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic view of the material distribution device provided in the utility model.
[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the fermentation device provided in the utility model.
[0029] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic view of the stirring mechanism provided in the utility model.
[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic view of the fermentation device provided in the utility model.
[0031] Reference numerals
[0032] 1, feeding device 2, distributing device 3, fermentation device
[0033] 4, linkage mechanism
[0034] 20, hopper 21, distributing cover plate 22, intermediate shaft
[0035] 23, spiral blade 24, blade
[0036] 30, fermentation bin 31, feeding cover plate 32, solution tank
[0037] 33, sprayer 34, protective shell 35, stirring mechanism
[0038] 36, discharging cover plate 37, heat preservation layer DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and the described embodiments are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
[0040] The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise values stated. The endpoints of the ranges and the values are approximate values and should be understood as including values approximately close thereto. For ranges of values, the endpoints of the ranges are combined with the individual points to form new ranges of values that are not specifically disclosed.
[0041] The present application provides a kind of compost reactor, wherein, the compost reactor includes feeding device 1, distributing device 2 and fermentation device 3 connected in sequence;The discharging port of the distributing device 2 is provided with distributing cover plate 21, the feeding port of the fermentation device 3 is provided with feeding cover plate 31, linkage mechanism 4 is arranged between the distributing cover plate 21 and feeding cover plate 31, the linkage structure 4 can make the distributing cover plate 21 and feeding cover plate 31 realize linkage opening or closing, as Figure 1 As shown.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present application does not make special limitation to feeding device 1.Common feeding device in the art can be used in the present application.For example, feeding device is selected from one or more of screw feeder, crawler belt feeder, bucket elevator and pipe chain feeder, preferably screw feeder.
[0043] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the distribution cover plate 21 is a push-pull cover plate, which is arranged at the discharge port of the distribution device 2 by a slide rail; the feeding cover plate 31 is a push-pull cover plate, which is arranged at the feeding port of the fermentation device 3 by a slide rail. In the utility model, the push-pull cover plate can move stably along the rail guide, thereby realizing opening or closing operation.
[0044] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the linkage mechanism 4 is an electro-hydraulic push rod. In the utility model, the electro-hydraulic push rod can drive the distribution cover plate and the feeding cover plate to move simultaneously, thereby realizing synchronous linkage between the discharge port of the distribution device and the feeding port of the fermentation device, so as to avoid that part of the material leaks outside the fermentation device during feeding.
[0045] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the distribution device 2 comprises a material box 20, a distribution cover plate 21, an intermediate shaft 22, a spiral blade 23 and a blade 24; wherein the intermediate shaft 22 penetrates the material box 20, and the spiral blade 23 and the blade 24 are arranged on the intermediate shaft 22, as shown in the figure. Figure 2
[0046] In the utility model, the inventor finds that the blade arranged on the intermediate shaft of the feeding device can cut and crush the material to be treated, so as to prevent the large block material from blocking the discharge port of the distribution device.
[0047] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the discharge port of the distribution device 2 is arranged at the bottom of the material box 20, and the number of the discharge ports is multiple, preferably 1-6, and further preferably 3-4, as shown in the figure. Figure 3
[0048] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the number of the discharge ports of the distribution device 2, the number of the fermentation devices 3 and the number of the linkage mechanisms 4 are the same. In the utility model, by arranging multiple fermentation devices, the processing capacity of the compost reactor can be significantly improved.
[0049] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the blade 24 is arranged in the spiral interval of the spiral blade 23, wherein the number of the blades arranged in each spiral interval is 1-6, preferably 3-4.
[0050] In an optimal embodiment of the utility model, the distribution device 2 further comprises a driving device, wherein the driving device comprises a motor and a speed reducer. In the utility model, the driving device is used to drive the intermediate shaft to rotate, thereby driving the spiral blade and the blade to rotate, so as to realize transportation and crushing of the material.
[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate feeding into the fermentation device 3 by using the material distribution device 2, the fermentation device 3 is arranged below the material distribution device 2.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the fermentation device 3 comprises a fermentation bin 30, a feeding cover plate 31, a solution tank 32, a sprayer 33 and a protective shell 34; wherein the feeding port of the fermentation device 3 is arranged at the upper portion of the fermentation bin 30, the solution tank 32 is arranged at the upper portion of the fermentation bin 30, the sprayer 33 is arranged inside the fermentation bin 30 and is connected with the solution tank 32; and the protective shell 33 is arranged outside the fermentation bin 30, as shown in Figure 4 .
[0053] In the present application, the solution tank is arranged beside the feeding port of the fermentation device and is used for storing nutrient solution. The sprayer 33 is arranged in the fermentation bin and is used for spraying the nutrient solution in the solution tank into the fermentation bin.
[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the inside of the fermentation bin 30 is provided with a stirring mechanism 35, wherein the stirring mechanism 35 is arranged below the sprayer 33.
[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the stirring shaft of the stirring mechanism 35 is provided with stirring blades 351 and stirring knives 352, as shown in Figure 5 .
[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the bottom of the fermentation bin 30 is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is provided with a discharge cover plate 36. In the present application, the discharge cover plate can be manually opened or driven by using an electro-hydraulic push rod.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 6 , the fermentation device 3 further comprises a heat preservation layer 37, wherein the heat preservation layer 37 is arranged between the fermentation bin 30 and the protective shell 34. In the present application, preferably, the heat preservation layer 37 comprises at least one of a polyurethane foam layer, a heat preservation cotton layer and a polystyrene foam layer, and further preferably comprises, from inside to outside, a polyurethane foam layer, a heat preservation cotton layer and a polystyrene foam layer.
[0058] In the description of the present specification, the description referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0059] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and the person skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and modifications to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A composting reactor, characterized in that, The composting reactor includes a feeding device (1), a distributing device (2), and a fermentation device (3) connected in sequence. The distributing device (2) is provided with a distributing cover plate (21) at its outlet, and the fermentation device (3) is provided with a feeding cover plate (31) at its inlet. A linkage mechanism (4) is provided between the distributing cover plate (21) and the feeding cover plate (31). The linkage mechanism (4) enables the distributing cover plate (21) and the feeding cover plate (31) to open or close in a linked manner.
2. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material distribution cover (21) is a push-pull cover, which is set at the outlet of the material distribution device (2) by means of a slide rail; The feed cover (31) is a push-pull cover, which is set at the feed inlet of the fermentation device (3) by means of a slide rail.
3. The composting reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism (4) is an electro-hydraulic actuator.
4. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material distribution device (2) includes a material box (20), a material distribution cover plate (21), an intermediate shaft (22), a spiral blade (23), and a blade (24); wherein the intermediate shaft (22) passes through the material box (20), and the spiral blade (23) and the blade (24) are arranged on the intermediate shaft (22).
5. The composting reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The discharge port of the material distribution device (2) is located at the bottom of the material box (20), and the number of such devices is multiple. The number of discharge ports of the material distribution device (2), the number of fermentation devices (3), and the number of linkage mechanisms (4) are the same.
6. The composting reactor according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The blade (24) is disposed within the helical spacing of the helical blade (23); wherein the number of blades disposed within each helical spacing is 1-6.
7. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation device (3) includes a fermentation chamber (30), a feed cover plate (31), a solution tank (32), a sprayer (33), and a protective shell (34); The feed inlet of the fermentation device (3) is located at the upper part of the fermentation chamber (30), the solution tank (32) is located at the upper part of the fermentation chamber (30), the sprayer (33) is located inside the fermentation chamber (30) and connected to the solution tank (32); the protective shell (34) is located outside the fermentation chamber (30).
8. The composting reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fermentation chamber (30) is equipped with a stirring mechanism (35), which is located below the sprayer (33). The stirring mechanism (35) is provided with stirring blades (351) and stirring blades (352) on its stirring shaft.
9. The composting reactor according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The fermentation chamber (30) is provided with a discharge port at the bottom, and a discharge cover plate (36) is provided on the discharge port.
10. The composting reactor according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The fermentation device (3) further includes a heat insulation layer (37), wherein the heat insulation layer (37) is disposed between the fermentation chamber (30) and the protective shell (34).