Autonomous battery replacing device for engineering machinery and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to an automatic battery changing device (100) and a battery pack (300) for engineering machinery (200). The automatic battery replacing device comprises a fixed lifting frame (1) fixed to a vehicle frame (201) of engineering machinery, a movable lifting frame (2) capable of moving up and down in the vertical direction relative to the fixed lifting frame, and a lifting driver (3) used for enabling the movable lifting frame to move up and down in the vertical direction relative to the fixed lifting frame the locking device (4) is configured to be capable of locking the battery pack (300) on the frame under the driving of the locking driver, and the movable lifting frame comprises a hooking structure for hooking the battery pack. According to the autonomous battery replacing device, in-situ autonomous battery replacing of the engineering machinery can be achieved, and the battery pack can be rapidly replaced without assistance of external equipment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of engineering machinery, especially to the self -service battery replacement device and battery pack for engineering machinery. BACKGROUND

[0002] The electric drive of engineering machinery is the current mainstream trend, and the application of electric engineering machinery is also gradually spreading. The battery capacity of electric engineering machinery is large, and it faces problems such as long charging time and high investment cost of charging station, so battery replacement is one of the current mainstream solutions.

[0003] At present, the battery replacement of electric engineering machinery usually adopts a hoisting battery replacement mode similar to electric heavy trucks, which is carried out in the battery replacement station, but the construction cost of the battery replacement station is high, which increases the user's initial investment. In addition, the in-station battery replacement must interrupt the operation of the engineering machinery, and the time and power cost of the round trip need to be considered, which increases the planning difficulty and weakens the time-saving advantage of battery replacement.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to optimize the battery replacement of electric engineering machinery. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model aims at providing a self -service battery replacement device for engineering machinery, which can realize the in -situ self -service battery replacement of engineering machinery without external equipment assistance to realize the rapid replacement of the battery pack of engineering machinery.

[0006] Therefore, the utility model provides a self -service battery replacement device for engineering machinery, wherein the self -service battery replacement device comprises:

[0007] A fixed lifting frame fixed to the frame of the engineering machinery;

[0008] A movable lifting frame capable of moving up and down in the vertical direction relative to the fixed lifting frame, the movable lifting frame comprising a hooking structure for hooking the battery pack;

[0009] A lifting drive for moving the movable lifting frame up and down relative to the fixed lifting frame in the vertical direction;

[0010] A locking device configured to lock the battery pack to the frame under the drive of the locking drive.

[0011] Through the self -service battery replacement device, the in -situ self -service battery replacement of engineering machinery can be realized, without additional equipment investment, without the need for a battery replacement station, only the transportation of the battery pack, which can replace the battery in the wild, can replace the battery at any time, and the operation is not interrupted, which reduces the problem of time and equipment cost increase caused by round -trip battery replacement or charging.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, an end electrical connector of the lifting frame is provided at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame for electrically connecting with an end electrical connector of the battery pack provided at the upper end of the battery pack.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the movable lifting frame comprises two movable frame columns and a movable upper cross beam and a movable lower cross beam connecting the two movable frame columns, the movable upper cross beam and the movable lower cross beam forming the hooking structure, the movable upper cross beam being used for hooking the upper hook of the battery pack, and the movable lower cross beam being used for hooking the lower hook of the battery pack. Through the engagement of the movable upper cross beam and the movable lower cross beam with the upper hook and the lower hook of the battery pack respectively, the battery pack can be securely hooked onto the movable lifting frame.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed lifting frame comprises two fixed frame columns and a fixed frame cross beam connecting the two fixed frame columns at the upper end; each fixed frame column comprises a groove for receiving a corresponding movable frame column and guiding the relative movement between the movable lifting frame and the fixed lifting frame, or each movable frame column comprises a groove for receiving a corresponding fixed frame column and guiding the relative movement between the movable lifting frame and the fixed lifting frame. By providing the grooves, the relative movement between the movable lifting frame and the fixed lifting frame can be better guided.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a roller or a sliding block is provided on the surface of each fixed frame column that cooperates with a corresponding movable frame column, and / or on the surface of each movable frame column that cooperates with a corresponding fixed frame column. By providing the rollers or sliding blocks on the surfaces of the movable frame columns and the fixed frame columns that cooperate with each other, the friction between the movable frame columns and the fixed frame columns can be reduced to make the relative movement between them more smooth, and it is also beneficial to the movable frame columns to maintain a straight upward and downward movement.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, a fixed frame locking hole is provided at the upper part of each fixed frame column, a movable upper locking hole is provided at the upper part of each movable frame column and a movable lower locking hole is provided at the lower part of each movable frame column, the locking device comprises a pair of upper locking pins and a pair of lower locking pins, each upper locking pin passes through the corresponding movable upper locking hole, the fixed frame locking hole and a frame upper locking hole provided at the upper part of the frame side plate of the vehicle frame in sequence, and each lower locking pin passes through the corresponding movable lower locking hole, a frame lower locking hole provided at the lower part of the frame side plate and a battery pack locking hole provided at the lower part of the battery pack in sequence, to lock the battery pack onto the vehicle frame.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a limiting pin is provided at the upper end of the movable lifting frame, which cooperates with a limiting hole provided at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame to limit the upward movement of the movable lifting frame relative to the fixed lifting frame.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, a positioning fork is arranged at the lower end of the movable lifting frame, which extends towards the battery pack to be loaded so as to be able to cooperate with a positioning fork hole arranged at the lower end of the battery pack. Through the cooperation of the positioning fork and the positioning fork hole, the first-stage coarse positioning of the movable lifting frame and the battery pack is realized, which can ensure the linear butt joint of the movable lifting frame and the battery pack, so as to facilitate the subsequent hooking and lifting operation of the battery pack.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, a positioning pin vertically downwardly extending is arranged at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame, which is used for cooperating with a positioning pin hole arranged at the upper end of the battery pack. Through the cooperation of the positioning pin and the positioning pin hole, the precise positioning connection of the battery pack and the vehicle frame is realized at the last stroke of lifting, which is beneficial to realizing the firm mechanical connection and electrical connection between the battery pack and the engineering machinery.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the lifting frame end electrical connector is floatingly mounted on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame by means of an elastic compression device, which is used for maintaining the elastic compression between the lifting frame end electrical connector and the battery pack end electrical connector. The floating mounting of the electrical connector is beneficial to maintaining the firm electrical connection between the electrical connectors on the battery pack side and the engineering machinery side under various working conditions of the engineering machinery.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the elastic compression device comprises a compression device movable plate and two sets of limiting compression structures, the lifting frame end electrical connector is arranged at the center of the compression device movable plate, each end portion of the compression device movable plate located on both sides of the lifting frame end electrical connector is provided with a set of limiting compression structures, each set of limiting compression structures comprises a compression device spring, a spring compression plate and a fixed column, the fixed column is fixed on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame and fixes the spring compression plate above the fixed lifting frame, the compression device spring is sleeved on the fixed column and is compressed by the spring compression plate, the end portion of the compression device movable plate is sleeved on the fixed column and is compressed by the compression device spring towards the upper end of the fixed lifting frame in the vertical direction. When the lifting frame end electrical connector and the battery pack end electrical connector are plugged, the compression device movable plate is lifted upwards, under the action of the compression device spring, the compression device movable plate and the lifting frame end electrical connector are compressed downwards, so as to ensure the reliable electrical connection between the lifting frame end electrical connector and the battery pack end electrical connector.

[0022] The utility model also proposes a battery pack for engineering machinery, the battery pack is configured to be fixed to the engineering machinery by means of the above-mentioned self-service battery replacing device, the battery pack is provided with a hook and a locking structure on the side facing the self-service battery replacing device, the hook is used for hooking to the self-service battery replacing device, and the locking structure is configured to cooperate with the locking device of the self-service battery replacing device.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack further comprises a battery pack end electrical connector arranged at the upper end of the battery pack for electrically connecting with a lifting frame end electrical connector arranged at the upper end of the stationary lifting frame of the autonomous battery swap device.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack further comprises two limiting plates arranged at the side faces of the battery pack for limiting the lateral position of the battery pack relative to the autonomous battery swap device, and a battery pack locking hole is arranged on each limiting plate.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack is provided with a positioning fork hole at the lower end of the side face for cooperating with a positioning fork arranged at the lower end of the autonomous battery swap device.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the battery pack is provided with a positioning pin hole at the top for cooperating with a positioning pin arranged at the upper end of the autonomous battery swap device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings via exemplary embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device according to an exemplary embodiment of the utility model mounted on a construction machine and a battery pack is shown, wherein the battery pack is in a state of being hooked onto the autonomous battery swap device but not yet lifted into position, in order to more clearly show the structure of the parts.

[0029] Figure 2 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, mounted on a construction machine. Figure 1 An exploded view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, also showing the construction machine frame and the battery pack.

[0030] Figure 3 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, mounted on a construction machine. Figure 1 A stationary lifting frame of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, the upper end of which is mounted with a lifting frame end electrical connector.

[0031] Figure 4 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, mounted on a construction machine. Figure 1 A movable lifting frame of the autonomous battery swap device is shown.

[0032] Figure 5 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, mounted on a construction machine. Figure 1 A battery pack loaded onto a construction machine by the autonomous battery swap device is shown.

[0033] Figure 6 A partial perspective view of the lifting frame end electrical connector and the battery pack end electrical connector in an electrically disconnected state, and a resilient compression device and a resilient auxiliary quick plug device for floating mounting between the lifting frame end electrical connector and the battery pack end electrical connector are shown.

[0034] Figure 7 A perspective view of the autonomous battery swap device is shown, mounted on a construction machine.Figure 6 An enlarged view of the lifting frame end electrical connector and the elastic compression device.

[0035] Figure 8 An enlarged view of the battery pack end electrical connector and the elastic auxiliary quick plug device is shown. Figure 6 An enlarged view of the battery pack end electrical connector and the elastic auxiliary quick plug device is shown.

[0036] These figures are only schematic and not necessarily drawn to scale. They only show those parts of the application that are necessary for the elucidation of the present application, other parts being omitted or merely simply referred to. The application can also comprise other components or parts, in addition to those shown in the figures.

[0037] The reference signs used in the present application are as follows:

[0038] 100: autonomous battery swapping device;

[0039] 1: fixed lifting frame; 10: fixed frame upright; 11: fixed frame crossbeam; 12: groove; 13: limiting hole; 14: fixed frame locking hole; 15: rear roller; 16: side roller; 17: positioning pin; 18: bracket;

[0040] 2: movable lifting frame; 20: movable frame upright; 21: movable frame upper crossbeam; 22: movable frame lower crossbeam; 23: limiting pin; 24: movable frame upper locking hole; 25: movable frame lower locking hole; 26: front roller; 27: positioning fork;

[0041] 3: lifting driver; 31: fixed part; 32: movable part;

[0042] 4: locking device; 41: upper locking pin; 42: lower locking pin;

[0043] 5: lifting frame end electrical connector;

[0044] 6: elastic compression device; 61: compression device movable plate; 611: central part; 612: vertical connecting part, 613: end part; 62: compression device spring; 63: spring compression plate; 631: upper plate part; 632: lower plate part; 633: connecting part; 64: fixed upright;

[0045] 7: elastic auxiliary quick plug device; 71: auxiliary quick plug device movable plate; 72: floating installation spring; 73: installation plate; 731: upper plate; 732: lower plate; 74: first spring fixed upright; 75: second spring fixed upright; 76: plate fixed upright;

[0046] 200: engineering machinery; 201: frame; 202: frame side plate; 203: frame upper locking hole; 204: frame lower locking hole;

[0047] 300: battery pack; 301: upper hook; 302: lower hook; 303: limiting plate; 304: battery pack locking hole; 305: battery pack end electrical connector; 306: positioning fork hole; 307: positioning pin hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present application. In addition, it will be appreciated that the present application is not limited in scope to the particular embodiments illustrated in the figures and detailed description. Rather, the present application is intended to cover all functional combinations of the features and elements disclosed herein, whether they are directed to different embodiments or not. Therefore, the following features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims unless specifically recited therein.

[0049] In the present application, the directional terms "front", "back", "up", "down" are defined according to the direction when the autonomous battery swapping device loads the battery pack, "front" refers to the direction of the autonomous battery swapping device facing the battery pack, "back" is the opposite direction of "front", "up" refers to the direction of lifting the battery pack, and "down" is the opposite direction of "up". In addition, in this text, the terms "first", "second" are used to describe the components, which are only used to distinguish the components, and are not used to limit the order or number of the components.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1 The autonomous battery swapping device 100 of the present application is installed at the rear end of the engineering machinery 200, and is used to replace the battery pack 300 for the engineering machinery 200, that is, to unload the used battery pack 300 from the engineering machinery 200, and to load the fully charged battery pack 300 to the engineering machinery 200.

[0051] As shown in Figure 2 The autonomous battery swapping device 100 includes a fixed lifting frame 1, a movable lifting frame 2, a lifting driver 3, a locking device 4 and a lifting frame end electrical connector 5. The fixed lifting frame 1 is fixed to the frame 201 of the engineering machinery 200. The movable lifting frame 2 can move up and down relative to the fixed lifting frame 1 in the vertical direction by means of the lifting driver 3. The battery pack 300 can be hooked to the movable lifting frame 2, lifted to the appropriate position by the movement of the movable lifting frame 2 relative to the fixed lifting frame 1, and then locked to the frame 201 of the engineering machinery 200 by means of the locking device 4. In the locking position, the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 provided at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1 is electrically connected with the battery pack end electrical connector 305 provided at the upper end of the battery pack 300, so that the battery pack 300 is fully loaded and can provide power for the engineering machinery 200.

[0052] In particular, as shown in Figure 3 The fixed lifting frame 1 is substantially in the shape of a door and comprises two fixed frame uprights 10 and a fixed frame crossbeam 11 connecting the two fixed frame uprights 10 at the upper ends. Each fixed frame upright 10 comprises a groove 12 for receiving and guiding the movement of the movable lifting frame 2.

[0053] As shown in Figure 4 The movable lifting frame 2 comprises two movable frame uprights 20 and a movable frame upper crossbeam 21 and a movable frame lower crossbeam 22 connecting the two movable frame uprights 20. The movable frame upper crossbeam 21 is located above the movable frame lower crossbeam 22. The two movable frame uprights 20 of the movable lifting frame 2 are respectively inserted into the two grooves 12 of the fixed lifting frame 1 and can move up and down in the vertical direction within the grooves 12. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the fixed lifting frame 1 has the grooves 12 and the movable lifting frame 2 is inserted into the grooves 12 of the fixed lifting frame 1. However, it should be understood that the arrangement can also be reversed, i.e. the movable lifting frame 2 has the grooves and the fixed lifting frame 1 is inserted into the grooves of the movable lifting frame 2. Preferably, the fixed lifting frame or the movable lifting frame can be formed using a profiled channel steel or by welding steel plates together, so that the grooves can be easily provided.

[0054] Further preferably, as shown in Figure 3 Three rear rollers 15 are provided on the rear wall of the groove 12 of each fixed frame upright 10 and two side rollers 16 are provided on the side walls; as shown in Figure 4 Three front rollers 26 are provided on the front side of each movable frame upright 20. By means of these rollers, rolling friction is formed between the movable lifting frame 2 and the fixed lifting frame 1, so that the relative movement between the two is smoother, less lifting force is required, the noise is lower, and the relative position between the two is constrained, which is beneficial to the straight upward and downward movement of the movable lifting frame 2. The number and arrangement of the rollers are described in detail above, but it should be understood that the number and arrangement of the rollers can be modified.

[0055] Alternatively, instead of rollers, sliding blocks (e.g. high polymer engineering plastic / nylon blocks resistant to pressure and wear) can be used, which are provided on at least one of the mutually cooperating surfaces of the fixed lifting frame 1 and the movable lifting frame 2 in order to reduce the friction therebetween. More preferably, lubricating grease can also be applied to at least one of the mutually cooperating surfaces of the fixed lifting frame 1 and the movable lifting frame 2.

[0056] As shown in Figure 2As shown, the lifting driver 3 comprises a fixed part 31 and a movable part 32 moving up and down relative to the fixed part 31 in vertical direction. The fixed part 31 is fixed to the vehicle frame 201, and the movable part 32 is fixed to the movable lifting frame 2. By the movement of the movable part 32 relative to the fixed part 31, the movable lifting frame 2 can be driven to move up and down relative to the fixed lifting frame 1 in vertical direction. Preferably, the lifting driver 3 is a lifting oil cylinder, which has large carrying capacity and stable and reliable lifting. However, it should be understood that any suitable driver can be used, such as an electric cylinder or an electric push rod.

[0057] Preferably, as shown in Figure 4 each movable frame column 20 is provided with a limiting pin 23 at the top end. In the preferred embodiment, the limiting pin 23 comprises a small-diameter end and a large-diameter fixed part, and the limiting pin 23 is fixed to the top end of the movable frame column 20 at the fixed part. At the end of the lifting stroke, the end of the limiting pin 23 passes through the limiting hole 13 (see Figure 3 ) provided at the corresponding position on the fixed frame cross beam 11, while the fixed part is blocked by the fixed frame cross beam 11 and cannot move further. Thus, even if the lifting controller limit and sensor control limit of the lifting driver 3 fail, the limiting structure still plays a mechanical limiting role, thereby ensuring that the movable lifting frame 2 moves to the appropriate locking position. In addition, the limiting structure also has a guiding effect at the end of the lifting action, aligning the movable lifting frame 2 and the fixed lifting frame 1. It should be understood that the limiting pin 23 can have other suitable shapes suitable for limiting the upward movement of the movable lifting frame 2 relative to the fixed lifting frame 1, and can also be provided at other suitable positions of the movable lifting frame 2.

[0058] Preferably, as shown in Figure 4 the movable lifting frame 2 is provided with a positioning fork 27 at the lower end, which extends towards the battery pack 300 to be loaded. As shown in Figure 5 the battery pack 300 is provided with a positioning fork hole 306 at the lower end of the side facing the movable lifting frame 2. The positioning fork 27 is designed to engage with the positioning fork hole 306 to form a first-stage coarse positioning, which is the position where the battery pack 300 first contacts the movable lifting frame 2. When loading the battery pack 300, if the movable lifting frame 2 and the battery pack 300 cannot be linearly docked, the contact position of the positioning fork 27 and the positioning fork hole 306 is forced to swing the battery pack 300 on the ground to achieve the position limitation of the battery pack 300, so that the battery pack 300 and the movable lifting frame 2 remain linearly docked.

[0059] Preferably, as shown in Figure 5As shown, the battery pack 300 includes an upper hook 301 on the upper part of its side facing the movable lift frame 2 and a lower hook 302 on its lower part. The upper hook 301 is designed to hook onto the upper crossbeam 21 of the movable frame, and the lower hook 302 is designed to hook onto the lower crossbeam 22 of the movable frame, for attaching the battery pack 300 to the movable lift frame 2. Preferably, the lower hook 302 is wedge-shaped. The wedge-shaped lower hook 302 can be more easily inserted into the confined space above the lower crossbeam 22 of the movable frame. The lower hook 302 forms a second-stage coarse positioning, which is the position where the battery pack 300 makes second contact with the movable lift frame 2. The first-stage and second-stage coarse positioning ensures the docking of the battery pack 300 with the frame 201 before lifting.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the battery pack 300 has two limiting plates 303 on its lower side facing the movable lifting frame 2. When loading the battery pack 300, the two movable frame columns 20 are positioned between the two limiting plates 303. A gap exists between the corresponding movable frame column 20 and the limiting plate 303, into which the frame side plate 202 of the vehicle frame 201 can be inserted. The limiting plate 303 serves to restrict the lateral position of the battery pack 300. If the battery pack 300 does not accurately align with the vehicle frame 201, it cannot pass through this limiting point. Preferably, a position sensor or Hall effect sensor can be installed at this location to detect whether the limiting plate 303 has passed this position. This limiting point is also the lower locking point between the battery pack 300 and the vehicle frame 201, which will be described in detail below.

[0061] Preferably, such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, a bracket 18 extending toward the battery pack 300 is fixed on the fixing beam 11, and a vertically downward extending positioning pin 17 is provided on the bracket 18; Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a positioning pin hole 307 is provided on the top of the battery pack 300. Preferably, the positioning pin 17 is wedge-shaped. In the locked position, the positioning pin 17 is inserted into the positioning pin hole 307, achieving a precise positioning connection between the battery pack 300 and the frame 201 during the final stroke of the lifting operation. It should be understood that the positioning pin 17 can have any shape suitable for engaging with the positioning pin hole 307, and can be positioned at any location on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1 suitable for engaging with the positioning pin hole 307.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the locking device 4 includes a pair of upper locking pins 41 and a pair of lower locking pins 42, and each frame side plate 202 has an upper frame locking hole 203 at the top and a lower frame locking hole 204 at the bottom. Figure 3 As shown, a fixing bracket locking hole 14 is provided at the upper part of each fixing bracket column 10. Figure 4As shown, an upper movable frame locking hole 24 is provided on the upper part of each movable frame column 20, and a lower movable frame locking hole 25 is provided on the lower part of each movable frame column 20. Figure 5 As shown, a battery pack locking hole 304 is provided on each limiting plate 303 of the battery pack 300.

[0063] When the battery pack 300 is lifted to the locking position, each upper locking pin 41 passes through the corresponding movable frame upper locking hole 24, the fixed frame locking hole 14 and the frame upper locking hole 203 in turn, and each lower locking pin 42 passes through the corresponding movable frame lower locking hole 25, the frame lower locking hole 204 and the battery pack locking hole 304 in turn. In this way, the battery pack 300 can be locked to the frame 201.

[0064] As shown, Figure 2 The upper locking pin 41 and the lower locking pin 42 are electrically operated push rod pins. However, it should be understood that any other suitable locking pin with any suitable driving mode can be used, such as but not limited to electrically operated push rod, electrically operated push lever, electrically operated cylinder, hydraulically operated cylinder, which can be selected according to the actual situation. The upper locking pin 41 and the lower locking pin 42 can be arranged in the movable lifting frame 2 or the frame 201.

[0065] In order to realize the electrical connection between the battery pack 300 and the engineering machinery 200, as shown in Figure 2 , 6 A lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is provided on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1, and a battery pack end electrical connector 305 is provided on the upper end of the battery pack 300. In the locking position, the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 can be electrically connected, so that the battery pack 300 can provide power for the engineering machinery 200.

[0066] As shown, Figure 6 and Figure 7 The lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is a quick connector socket, which is floatingly installed on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1 by means of an elastic compression device 6. As shown, Figure 6 and Figure 8 The battery pack end electrical connector 305 is a quick connector plug, which is floatingly installed on the upper end of the battery pack 300 by means of an elastic auxiliary quick plug device 7. In this way, the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 can realize stable electrical connection under various working conditions of the engineering machinery 200. In this preferred embodiment, the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is a quick connector socket, and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 is a quick connector plug. However, it should be understood that the opposite arrangement can also be used, i.e. the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is a quick connector plug, and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 is a quick connector socket. In addition, it should be understood that the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 can be selected as any suitable electrical connector for the electrical connection between the engineering machinery and the battery pack.

[0067] AsFigure 7 As shown, the elastic compression device 6 includes a compression device movable plate 61 and two sets of limiting compression structures. The lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is installed in the center of the compression device movable plate 61, and each end of the compression device movable plate 61 located on both sides of the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is provided with a set of limiting compression structures. Each set of limiting compression structures includes a compression device spring 62, a spring compression plate 63, and a fixed column 64. The fixed column 64 is fixed to the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1 (for example, fixed to the bracket 18) (see Figure 6 ), and the spring compression plate 63 is fixed above the fixed lifting frame 1. The compression device spring 62 is sleeved on the fixed column 64 and compressed by the spring compression plate 63. The end of the compression device movable plate 61 is sleeved on the fixed column 64 and compressed by the compression device spring 62 in the vertical direction towards the upper end of the fixed lifting frame 1 (see Figure 6 ). Thus, the movement of the compression device movable plate 61 in the horizontal direction is limited by the fixed column 64, and in the vertical direction, it is compressed by the compression device spring 62.

[0068] When the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is plugged into the battery pack end electrical connector 305, the compression device movable plate 61 is lifted upwards, and under the action of the compression device spring 62, the compression device movable plate 61 and the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 are compressed downwards. If there is a tendency for the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 to move relative to the battery pack end electrical connector 305, the elastic compression device 6 will follow and continuously compress them, thereby ensuring reliable electrical connection between them.

[0069] In a specific embodiment of Figure 7 , the compression device movable plate 61 is roughly in the shape of a "U" character, including a central part 611, a vertical connecting part 612 extending vertically downwards from both sides of the central part 611, and an end part 613 extending outwardly parallel to the central part 611 from each vertical connecting part 612. The lifting frame end electrical connector 5 is installed on the central part 611.

[0070] More preferably, the spring compression plate 63 is a substantially U-shaped plate with an opening facing the end 613 of the compression device movable plate 61, including an upper plate portion 631, a lower plate portion 632, and a connecting portion 633 connecting the upper plate portion 631 and the lower plate portion 632. The upper plate portion 631 and the lower plate portion 632 of the spring compression plate 63 are sleeved on the fixed column 64, and are fixed to the bracket 18 at the lower plate portion 632 (for example by means of a nut, but can also be fixed by means of other known means). The compression device spring 62 is sleeved on the fixed column 64 and is compressed between the upper plate portion 631 and the lower plate portion 632 of the spring compression plate 63. The end 613 of the compression device movable plate 61 is inserted between the upper plate portion 631 and the lower plate portion 632 of the spring compression plate 63 and is sleeved on the fixed column 64, and is compressed by the compression device spring 62 towards the lower plate portion 632 of the spring compression plate 63. Here, the spring compression plate 63 is in the form of a U-shaped plate, but it should be understood that other suitable forms are also possible, for example the spring compression plate 63 can be a washer fixed to the upper part of the fixed column 64.

[0071] As shown in Figure 8 , the elastic auxiliary quick insertion device 7 includes an auxiliary quick insertion device movable plate 71 and two sets of elastic floating mounting structures, and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 is installed in the center of the auxiliary quick insertion device movable plate 71, and each end of the auxiliary quick insertion device movable plate 71 located on both sides of the battery pack end electrical connector 305 is floatingly mounted on the upper end of the battery pack 300 by a set of elastic floating mounting structures.

[0072] As shown in Figure 8 , each set of elastic floating mounting structures includes a floating mounting spring 72, a mounting plate 73, a first spring fixing column 74, and a second spring fixing column 75. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 8 , the mounting plate 73 is fixed on the upper end of the battery pack 300 and includes an upper plate 731 and a lower plate 732, and the lower plate 732 is fixed on the upper end of the battery pack 300, and the upper plate 731 is fixed above the lower plate 732 by a plate fixing column 76. The end of the auxiliary quick insertion device movable plate 71 is inserted between the upper plate 731 and the lower plate 732 of the mounting plate 73 (see Figure 6), and two first spring fixing columns 74 are installed on each end. On the outside of each first spring fixing column 74, a second spring fixing column 75 is installed on the lower plate 732 of the mounting plate 73, the first spring fixing column 74 and the second spring fixing column 75 are a certain distance apart, and the distance between the two first spring fixing columns 74 is less than the distance between the two second spring fixing columns 75. Two floating mounting springs 72 are provided, one end of each floating mounting spring 72 is installed on the first spring fixing column 74, and the other end is installed on the second spring fixing column 75 on the corresponding side, so that the auxiliary quick plug device movable plate 71 can be pulled diagonally in the horizontal direction. Due to such a structure, the auxiliary quick plug device movable plate 71 can move in the horizontal direction. Thus, the battery pack end electrical connector 305 can be floatingly mounted on the upper end of the battery pack 300.

[0073] The above describes in detail the elastic compression device 6 for floating mounting of the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the elastic auxiliary quick plug device 7 for floating mounting of the battery pack end electrical connector 305, but it should be understood that any mounting structure suitable for floating mounting of the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 can also be used.

[0074] The process of changing the battery of the engineering machinery can be simplified into four main actions: unloading the spent battery pack, moving the engineering machinery to dock the charged battery pack, lifting the battery pack, and locking the battery pack.

[0075] When unloading the battery pack 300, first start the lifting drive 3 to lift the movable lifting frame 2, then pull out the upper locking pin 41 and the lower locking pin 42, the movable lifting frame 2 descends with the battery pack 300, when the battery pack 300 contacts the ground, the movable lifting frame 2 continues to descend for a certain distance to completely separate the movable lifting frame 2 from the battery pack 300, then operate the engineering machinery 200 to travel away from the battery pack 300, complete the unloading of the battery pack 300. In order to ensure the power demand of the engineering machinery 200 during the battery changing process, an auxiliary battery can be added to the main body of the engineering machinery 200.

[0076] Next, three actions are mainly performed to load the battery pack 300: moving the engineering machinery 200 to dock the battery pack 300 to be loaded, lifting the battery pack 300, and locking the battery pack 300. First, the engineering machinery 200 is reversed to approach the battery pack 300 to be loaded, the fork 27 is positioned to first contact the battery pack 300, the first-stage coarse positioning is achieved by the engagement between the fork 27 and the fork hole 306 at the lower end of the battery pack 300, so that the movable lifting frame 2 is linearly docked with the battery pack 300, the engineering machinery 200 continues to reverse, the upper hook 301 and the lower hook 302 of the battery pack 300 enter the space above the movable frame upper cross beam 21 and the movable frame lower cross beam 22 of the movable lifting frame 2, respectively, and the docking action is completed; then, the movable lifting frame 2 is virtually lifted by a distance under the drive of the lifting driver 3, so that the upper hook 301 and the lower hook 302 are in contact with and pressed against the movable frame upper cross beam 21 and the movable frame lower cross beam 22, respectively, the movable lifting frame 2 continues to rise, and when the movable lifting frame 2 rises close to the end of the lifting stroke, the limiting pin 23 at the top end of the movable lifting frame 2 is inserted into and gradually engages in the limiting hole 13 provided on the fixed frame cross beam 11, thereby preventing the movable lifting frame 2 from continuing to rise, and the lifting action is completed; at this time, the upper locking pin 41 and the lower locking pin 42 are respectively aligned with the corresponding locking holes, they are driven to be inserted into the corresponding locking holes, that is, the upper locking pin 41 passes through the movable frame upper locking hole 24, the fixed frame locking hole 14 and the vehicle frame upper locking hole 203 in turn, and the lower locking pin 42 passes through the movable frame lower locking hole 25, the vehicle frame lower locking hole 204 and the battery pack locking hole 304 in turn, and the complete pushing out of the upper locking pin 41 and the lower locking pin 42 indicates that the locking action is completed, whereby the battery pack 300 is completely locked and fixed with the vehicle frame 201, and at the same time, the lifting frame end electrical connector 5 and the battery pack end electrical connector 305 achieve reliable electrical connection, the battery replacement work is completed, and the engineering machinery 200 can continue to work.

[0077] Industrial applicability

[0078] The autonomous battery replacement device for engineering machinery can be used to quickly replace battery packs for various electric engineering machinery, including but not limited to loaders, bulldozers, excavators and the like.

[0079] The exemplary embodiments of the present application are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application, and therefore the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An autonomous battery swapping device (100) for engineering machinery (200), characterized in that, The autonomous battery swapping device (100) includes: A fixed lifting frame (1) is fixed to the frame (201) of the construction machinery (200); The movable lifting frame (2) is capable of moving vertically up and down relative to the fixed lifting frame (1), and the movable lifting frame (2) includes a hook structure for hooking the battery pack (300); A lifting drive (3) is used to move the movable lifting frame (2) vertically relative to the fixed lifting frame (1); Locking device (4) configured to lock the battery pack (300) to the frame (201) under the action of a locking actuator.

2. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The autonomous battery swapping device (100) also includes a lifting frame end electrical connector (5), which is located on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1) and is used to electrically connect with the battery pack end electrical connector (305) located on the upper end of the battery pack (300).

3. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable lifting frame (2) includes two movable frame columns (20) and a movable upper crossbeam (21) and a movable lower crossbeam (22) connecting the two movable frame columns (20). The movable upper crossbeam (21) and the movable lower crossbeam (22) form the hook structure. The movable upper crossbeam (21) is used to hook the upper hook (301) of the battery pack (300), and the movable lower crossbeam (22) is used to hook the lower hook (302) of the battery pack (300).

4. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed lifting frame (1) includes two fixed frame columns (10) and a fixed frame crossbeam (11) connecting the two fixed frame columns (10) at the upper end; each fixed frame column (10) includes a groove (12) for receiving a corresponding movable frame column (20) and guiding relative movement between the movable lifting frame (2) and the fixed lifting frame (1), or each movable frame column (20) includes a groove for receiving a corresponding fixed frame column (10) and guiding relative movement between the movable lifting frame (2) and the fixed lifting frame (1).

5. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, Rollers or sliders are provided on the surface of each fixed frame column (10) that mates with the corresponding movable frame column (20), and / or on the surface of each movable frame column (20) that mates with the corresponding fixed frame column (10).

6. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each fixed frame column (10) is provided with a fixed frame locking hole (14) at its upper part. Each movable frame column (20) has an upper locking hole (24) at its top and a lower locking hole (25) at its bottom. The locking device (4) includes a pair of upper locking pins (41) and a pair of lower locking pins (42). Each locking pin (41) passes sequentially through the corresponding movable frame locking hole (24), the fixed frame locking hole (14), and the frame locking hole (203) located on the upper part of the frame side plate (202) of the frame (201). Each locking pin (42) passes sequentially through the corresponding movable frame lower locking hole (25), the frame lower locking hole (204) located on the lower part of the frame side plate (202), and the battery pack locking hole (304) located on the lower part of the battery pack (300) to lock the battery pack (300) onto the frame (201).

7. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A limiting pin (23) is provided at the upper end of the movable lifting frame (2). The limiting pin (23) is used to cooperate with the limiting hole (13) provided at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1) to limit the upward movement of the movable lifting frame (2) relative to the fixed lifting frame (1).

8. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A positioning fork (27) is provided at the lower end of the movable lifting frame (2), which extends toward the battery pack (300) to be loaded so as to engage with the positioning fork hole (306) provided at the lower end of the battery pack (300).

9. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A vertically downward extending positioning pin (17) is provided at the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1), which is used to cooperate with the positioning pin hole (307) provided at the top of the battery pack (300).

10. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The lifter end electrical connector (5) is floatingly mounted on the upper end of the fixed lifter (1) by means of an elastic clamping device (6) for maintaining the elastic clamping between the lifter end electrical connector (5) and the battery pack end electrical connector (305).

11. The autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The elastic clamping device (6) includes a clamping device movable plate (61) and two sets of limiting clamping structures. The lifting frame end electrical connector (5) is installed in the center of the clamping device movable plate (61). Each end of the clamping device movable plate (61) located on both sides of the lifting frame end electrical connector (5) is provided with a set of limiting clamping structures. Each set of limiting clamping structures includes a clamping device spring (62), a spring compression plate (63) and a fixed column (64). The fixed column (64) is fixed on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1) and the spring compression plate (63) is fixed above the fixed lifting frame (1). The clamping device spring (62) is sleeved on the fixed column (64) and compressed by the spring compression plate (63). The end of the clamping device movable plate (61) is sleeved on the fixed column (64) and pressed against the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1) in the vertical direction by the clamping device spring (62).

12. A battery pack (300) for engineering machinery (200), characterized in that, The battery pack (300) is configured to be fixed to the construction machinery (200) by means of the autonomous battery swapping device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11. The battery pack (300) is provided with a hook and a locking structure on the side facing the autonomous battery swapping device (100). The hook is used to hook onto the autonomous battery swapping device (100), and the locking structure is configured to cooperate with the locking device (4) of the autonomous battery swapping device (100).

13. The battery pack (300) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery pack (300) also includes a battery pack end electrical connector (305), which is disposed on the upper end of the battery pack (300) and is used to electrically connect with a lifting frame end electrical connector (5) disposed on the upper end of the fixed lifting frame (1) of the autonomous battery swapping device (100).

14. The battery pack (300) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery pack (300) is also provided with two limiting plates (303) on the side to limit the lateral position of the battery pack (300) relative to the autonomous battery swapping device (100), and each limiting plate (303) is provided with a battery pack locking hole (304).

15. The battery pack (300) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery pack (300) has a positioning fork hole (306) at the lower end of the side, which is used to cooperate with the positioning fork (27) located at the lower end of the autonomous battery swapping device (100).

16. The battery pack (300) according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that, The battery pack (300) has a positioning pin hole (307) on the top for engaging with a positioning pin (17) located on the upper end of the autonomous battery swapping device (100).

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